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Ha JL, Kaser E, Guan T, Mayberry TG, Smith LA, D'mello K, Bai Q, Wakefield MR, Dong L, Fang Y. Up and away with cervical cancer: IL-29 is a promising cytokine for immunotherapy of cervical cancer due to its powerful upregulation of p18, p27, and TRAILR1. Med Oncol 2024; 41:65. [PMID: 38281234 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of female cancers worldwide. IL-29 is an interesting cytokine in the IFNλ family. Its role in the pathogenesis of neoplasia is complicated and has been studied in other cancers, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. IL-29 has been previously reported to promote the growth of pancreatic cancer. However, the direct role of IL-29 in cervical cancer has not been studied yet. This study was performed to investigate the direct effect on cervical cancer cell growth. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects of IL-29 on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of a well-studied cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. We further investigated the potential molecular mechanisms by using RT-PCR and IHC. We found that the percentage of colonies of SiHa cells was decreased in the presence of IL-29. This was consistent with a decreased OD value of cancer cells. Furthermore, the relative caspase-3 activity in cancer cells increased in the presence of IL-29. The anti-proliferative effect of IL-29 on cancer cells correlated with increased expression of the anti-proliferative molecules p18 and p27. The pro-apoptotic effect of IL-29 on cancer cells correlated with increased expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule TRAILR1. IL-29 inhibits cervical cancer cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. Thus, IL-29 might be a promising cytokine for immunotherapy of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L Ha
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Erin Kaser
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Tianyun Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Hengyang, China
| | - Trenton G Mayberry
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Luke A Smith
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kyle D'mello
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio-UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lijun Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yujiang Fang
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA.
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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2
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Su A, Yao K, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang H, Tang J. DANCR Induces Cisplatin Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by KLF5/p27 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:248-258. [PMID: 36509121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs play critical roles in human cancer. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the potential involvement of long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer remains poorly understood. Herein, the study identified a long noncoding RNA, DANCR, which promotes cisplatin chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Mechanistically, binding of DANCR to Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) induced acetylation of KLF5 at lysine 369 (K369), and DANCR knockdown resulted in down-regulation of KLF5 protein levels. Furthermore, DANCR/KLF5 signaling pathway induced hypersensitivity to cisplatin in chemoresistant patients by inhibiting p27 transcription. In summary, this study reinforced the potential presence of a growth regulatory network in TNBC cells, and documented a DANCR/KLF5/p27 signaling pathway mediating cisplatin chemoresistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchen Su
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanru Zhang
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Oncology Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianming Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Reproductive Medicine Transformation Application, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Qing X, Yuan C, Wang K. Characterization of protein-based risk signature to predict prognosis and evaluate the tumor immune environment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:424-435. [PMID: 36732487 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomics profiles have enabled a systematic insight into the prognosis of cancer. This study aimed to establish a valuable protein-based risk signature to assess the prognosis and immune status in patients with breast cancer (BC). METHODS Protein expression profile, RNA expression data, and clinical information were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The whole cohort was randomly split into two cohorts, one for establishing the risk signature and the other for testing. Univariate Cox analysis and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression were utilized to construct the protein-based risk signature. All cohorts were divided into high- and low-risk groups, which were applied to investigate the clinical relevance, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic response. RESULTS The prognostic proteomics signature was established based on prognostic proteins, thus categorizing patients into low-risk and high-risk groups with different prognoses. A predictive nomogram was also developed to predict 1, 3, and 5-year survival possibility for BC patients, and the calibration curves confirmed the predictive significance of this signature. Afterward, the low-risk group displayed higher immune activities, immune checkpoint expression, and immunotherapeutic response. Moreover, GSEA analysis indicated that immune-associated pathways were rich in the low-risk group. Additionally, this prognostic signature demonstrated potential predict significance for chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION This study established an effective prognostic proteomics signature with reliable predictive performance for survival, immune activity, and drug sensitivity. It might provide a novel perspective into the protein function in BC, and guide the individual treatment strategies for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qing
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlei Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, China.
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4
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Abu-Lubad MA, Al-Zereini W, Al-Zeer MA. Deregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 as a putative candidate for transformation in Chlamydia trachomatis infected mesenchymal stem cells. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:131-150. [PMID: 36891539 PMCID: PMC9988407 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several pathological conditions might cause the degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p27 and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, including cancers and infections. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr), as an obligatory intracellular pathogen, has been found to alter the fate of the cell from different aspects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Ctr infection on the expression of the important cell cycle regularity protein p27 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Isolation of MSCs from healthy human fallopian tube was confirmed by detection of the stemness markers Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 and the surface markers CD44, CD73 and CD90 by Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The expression of p27 was downregulated at the protein level upon Ctr D infection measured by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), IF and Western blotting. Recovery of p27 in Ctr D-infected MSCs was achieved by treatment with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Ctr D infected MSCs were able to produce colonies in anchorage-independent soft agar assay. Conclusion Ctr D infection was able to downregulate the expression of the important cell cycle regulator protein p27, which will be considered a putative candidate for transformation in Ctr D infected MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Abu-Lubad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Zereini
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Munir A Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Cheng C, Cai Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Cheng Q, Wu Y, Wu Z. KHSRP modulated cell proliferation and cell cycle via regulating PPP2CA and p27 expression in Wilms tumor. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110447. [PMID: 36029941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy in children, and the survival rate of high-risk WT patients was still low despite multimodality therapy. KHSRP, an RNA-binding protein, has been proved to be relative to tumor progression in different kinds of malignancies, but the function of KHSRP in WT remained unclear. Here, our study aimed to explore and clarify the function of KHSRP in WT cells and its molecular mechanism. Thus, our results showed that KHSRP was highly expressed in WT tumor tissues compared to normal kidney tissues and correlated with poor prognosis in WT patients. Downregulation of KHSRP using siRNAs in WT cell line SK-NEP-1 and Wit49 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest via stabilizing and upregulating p27 protein. Furthermore, mechanistic analyses revealed that KHSRP bound to 3'UTR of PPP2CA mRNA and modulating its mRNA stability, resulting in regulation of the phosphorylation level and protein stability of p27 in WT cell lines. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that KHSRP played an important role in WT and modulated cell proliferation and cell cycle via regulating the expression of PPP2CA and p27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxia Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yangkun Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310010, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, 200092 Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215003 Suzhou, China.
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6
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Elson DJ, Nguyen BD, Wood R, Zhang Y, Puig-Sanvicens V, Kolluri SK. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 interacts with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2056-2071. [PMID: 35735777 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1 functions to coordinate cell cycle progression through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. p27Kip1 also exerts distinct activities beyond CDK-inhibition, including functioning as a transcriptional regulator. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with diverse biological roles. The regulatory inputs that control AhR-mediated transcriptional responses are an active area of investigation. AhR was previously established as a direct regulator of p27Kip1 transcription. Here, we report the physical interaction of AhR and p27Kip1 and show that p27Kip1 expression negatively regulates AhR-mediated transcription. p27Kip1 knockout cells display increased AhR nuclear localisation and significantly higher expression of AhR target genes. This work thus identifies new regulatory cross-talk between p27Kip1 and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Elson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bach D Nguyen
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rhand Wood
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Veronica Puig-Sanvicens
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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7
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Eteleeb AM, Thunuguntla PK, Gelev KZ, Tang CY, Rozycki EB, Miller A, Lei JT, Jayasinghe RG, Dang HX, White NM, Reis-Filho JS, Mardis ER, Ellis MJ, Ding L, Silva-Fisher JM, Maher CA. LINC00355 regulates p27 KIP expression by binding to MENIN to induce proliferation in late-stage relapse breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35418131 PMCID: PMC9007952 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-stage relapse (LSR) in patients with breast cancer (BC) occurs more than five years and up to 10 years after initial treatment and has less than 30% 5-year relative survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in BC yet have not been studied in LSR BC. Here, we identify 1127 lncRNAs differentially expressed in LSR BC via transcriptome sequencing and analysis of 72 early-stage and 24 LSR BC patient tumors. Decreasing expression of the most up-regulated lncRNA, LINC00355, in BC and MCF7 long-term estrogen deprived cell lines decreases cellular invasion and proliferation. Subsequent mechanistic studies show that LINC00355 binds to MENIN and changes occupancy at the CDKN1B promoter to decrease p27Kip. In summary, this is a key study discovering lncRNAs in LSR BC and LINC00355 association with epigenetic regulation and proliferation in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Eteleeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prasanth K Thunuguntla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyla Z Gelev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Emily B Rozycki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Reyka G Jayasinghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ha X Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole M White
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Li Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica M Silva-Fisher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Christopher A Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Galal MA, Abdel Jabar M, Zhra M, Abdel Rahman AM, Aljada A. Absolute quantification of senescence mediators in cells using multiple reaction monitoring liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339009. [PMID: 34625254 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of unique senescence markers remains challenging. Current hallmarks of senescent cells, including increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, increased levels of cell cycle regulators such as p16INK4a, p27, and p53, and altered levels of sirtuins and lamins, are detected commonly by Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods. Mass spectrometry outperforms these conventional quantification methods in terms of high throughput, specificity, and reproducibility. OBJECTIVES To develop multiple reaction monitoring-based tandem mass spectrometric senescence assay for simultaneous measuring of p16INK4a, p27, p53, p53-β, the seven proteins of the sirtuins family and the four transcript variants of lamins proteins in aging cell model and cancerous cell lines. METHODOLOGY Multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass transitions per protein were developed for each signature peptide(s) and stable isotope-labeled internal standard. The developed assay was validated in a matrix using breast cancer MCF7 cell lines according to the US-FDA guidelines for bioanalytical assays. RESULTS The analytes chromatographic peaks were baseline separated and showed linear behavior in a wide dynamic range with r2 ≥ 0.98. The method for all proteins has passed the inter/intra-day precision and accuracy validation using three levels of quality control samples. The accuracy and the precision for most analytes were 80-120% and ≤20%, respectively. The method's sensitivity for the panels' signature peptides ranged from 1 ng μL-1 to 1 μg mL-1. Extraction recovery assessed in two quality control levels was >60% for most analytes. This LC-MS-MS validated senescence assay showed reduced lamin A, lamin A△10, lamin A△50, SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT5, p53, and p16INK4a, as well as p53-β induction, are implicated in replicative senescence. Meanwhile, increased lamin C: lamin A ratio was evident and can diagnose breast carcinogenesis. Moreover, in breast cancer metastasis, reduced SIRT2 and p27 and elevated levels of lamin A△50, SIRT5, SIRT7, and p53-β are evident. CONCLUSION LC-MS/MS is a potent alternative tool to the currently available assays. The high throughput method established can study senescence's role in different pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Abdel Jabar
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zhra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia; Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH-RC), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhu L, Wang J, Yue C, Yuan W, Zhang W, Shi L, Mi Y, Wu X, Zhang LF, Zuo L. CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant is not related to risk of prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18346-18356. [PMID: 31257659 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Association between CDKN1B gene Val 109 Gly polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility has been investigated in several studies but with inconsistent conclusions. We adopted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the correlation between CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant and PCa susceptibility. Moreover, we used in-silico tools to evaluate the relationship of CDKN1B expression and overall survival (OS) or disease free survival (DFS) time in PCa patients. The overall results demonstrated no association of the CDKN1B variant on PCa risk [allelic contrast (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.45 - 1.35, Pheterogeneity = 0.038); GV vs VV (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.56 - 1.25, Pheterogeneity = 0.253); GG vs VV (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.23 - 1.01, Pheterogeneity = 0.161); GG+GV vs VV (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.52 -1.08, Pheterogeneity = 0.132) and GG vs GV+VV (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.25 - 1.11, Pheterogeneity = 0.152)]. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of control, we also identified similar results. In-silico results showed that expression of CDKN1B was decreased in PCa tissue, especially in less advanced PCa (Gleason score = 6 or 7). No significant difference of OS or DFS time was indicated between the low and high expression of CDKN1B. Our present study showed evidence that CDKN1B Val 109 Gly variant is not related to PCa risk. Future studies with large sample size are needed to confirm this correlation in more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuang Yue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Economopoulou P, Kotoula V, Koliou GA, Papadopoulou K, Christodoulou C, Pentheroudakis G, Lazaridis G, Arapantoni-Dadioti P, Koutras A, Bafaloukos D, Papakostas P, Patsea H, Pavlakis K, Pectasides D, Kotsakis A, Razis E, Aravantinos G, Samantas E, Kalogeras KT, Economopoulos T, Psyrri A, Fountzilas G. Prognostic Impact of Src, CDKN1B, and JAK2 Expression in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:739-748. [PMID: 30877976 PMCID: PMC6423363 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Src, CDKN1B, and JAK2 play a crucial role in the coordination of cell signaling pathways. In the present study, we aim to investigate the prognostic significance of these biomarkers in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with trastuzumab (T). METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from 197 patients with HER2-positive MBC treated with T were retrospectively collected. All tissue samples were centrally assessed for ER, PgR, Ki67, HER2, and PTEN protein expression; EGFR gene amplification; PI3KCA mutational status; and tumor-infiltrating lympocytes density. Src, CDKN1B, and JAK2 mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Only 133 of the 197 patients (67.5%) were found to be HER2-positive by central assessment. CDKN1B mRNA expression was strongly correlated with Src (rho = 0.71) and JAK2 (rho = 0.54). In HER2-positive patients, low CDKN1B conferred higher risk for progression [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-2.32, P = .018]. In HER2-negative patients, low Src was associated with longer survival (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.99, P = .045). Upon multivariate analyses, only low CDKN1B and JAK2 mRNA expression remained unfavorable factors for PFS in de novo and relapsed (R)-MBC patients, respectively (HR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.01-5.48, P = .046 and HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.01-3.06, P = .047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Low CDKN1B and JAK2 mRNA expressions were unfavorable prognosticators in a cohort of T-treated MBC patients. Our results suggest that CDKN1B and JAK2, if validated, may serve as prognostic factors potentially implicated in T resistance, which seems to be associated with distinct pathways in de novo and R-MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Economopoulou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini St 12462, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University Campus, Building 17B, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Building 17B, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgia-Angeliki Koliou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, 18 Hatzikonstanti St, 11524, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Building 17B, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christos Christodoulou
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 9 Ethnarchou Makariou St, 185 47, Piraeus, Greece.
| | - George Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ioannina University Hospital, Leof. Stavrou Niarchou, 45500, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Georgios Lazaridis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56450, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, Panepistimioupoli Patron, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Bafaloukos
- First department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 9 Ethnarchou Makariou St, 185 47, Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Papakostas
- Oncology Unit, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilissis Sofias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Helen Patsea
- Department of Pathology, IASSO General Hospital, 264 Mesogion Av, 15562, Athens, Greece
| | - Kitty Pavlakis
- Pathology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilissis Sofias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71110, Crete, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Razis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 4 Erithrou Stavrou St, Marousi, 15123, Athens, Greece.
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Samantas
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Timiou Stavrou, 14564, Kifisia, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantine T Kalogeras
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Building 17B, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece; Translational Research Section, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, 18 Hatzikonstanti St, 11524, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theofanis Economopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini St 12462, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
| | - Amanta Psyrri
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini St 12462, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Building 17B, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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11
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Hsu SP, Lin PH, Chou CM, Lee WS. Progesterone up-regulates p27 through an increased binding of the progesterone receptor-A-p53 protein complex onto the non-canonical p53 binding motif in HUVEC. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:163-171. [PMID: 30145226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that progesterone (P4) up-regulated p53 expression, which in turn increased p21 and p27 expression, and finally resulted in proliferation inhibition in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). While a direct transcriptional activation of p21 by p53 protein has been clearly elucidated, the mechanism by which p53 induces p27 expression has not been documented. In this study, we identified three putative p53 protein binding domains at the p27 promoter. Luciferase assay showed that the activity of ectopically introduced p27 promoter constructs containing the potential p53 protein binding region was significantly increased by P4. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that P4 increased the level of p53 protein. Treatment with pifithrin-α-HBr (PFTα), a specific blocker of p53-responsive gene transactivation, reduced the P4-increased p27 promoter activity and p27 protein expression. Transfection with dominant-negative mutants of p53 (C135Y, R175H and R248 W) abolished the P4-increased p27 promoter activity. Moreover, deletion or TCCT nucleotide sequence fill-in at the core site of any of p53 protein binding domains led to the irresponsiveness of the p27 promoter to P4 treatment. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation and chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that P4 increased the complex of p53-P4 receptor (PR) protein in the nucleus and the assembly of PR protein to the p53 protein binding region of the p27 promoter. Ectopic co-overexpression of p53 and PR-A constructs further augmented the P4-increased p27 promoter activity. Taken together, the results from the present study suggest that P4-increased p53 expression might directly up-regulate p27 transactivation, and PR-A protein might promote this effect by forming complex with p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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12
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Valencia-Cervantes J, Huerta-Yepez S, Aquino-Jarquín G, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Martínez-Fong D, Arias-Montaño JA, Dávila-Borja VM. Hypoxia increases chemoresistance in human medulloblastoma DAOY cells via hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α‑mediated downregulation of the CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes and inhibition of cell proliferation. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:178-190. [PMID: 30320358 PMCID: PMC6278548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas are among the most frequently diagnosed pediatric solid tumors, and drug resistance remains as the principal cause of treatment failure. Hypoxia and the subsequent activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) are considered key factors in modulating drug antitumor effectiveness, but the underlying mechanisms in medulloblastomas have not yet been clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hypoxia induces resistance to cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) in DAOY medulloblastoma cells, whether the mechanism is dependent on HIF-1α, and whether involves the modulation of the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYP)2B6, 3A4 and 3A5 and the control of cell proliferation. Monolayer cultures of DAOY medulloblastoma cells were exposed for 24 h to moderate (1% O2) or severe (0.1% O2) hypoxia, and protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Cytotoxicity was studied with the MTT assay and by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay and cell cycle by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Hypoxia decreased CPA and IFA cytotoxicity in medulloblastoma cells, which correlated with a reduction in the protein levels of CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and inhibition of cell proliferation. These responses were dependent on hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activation, as evidenced by chemical inhibition of its transcriptional activity with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), which enhanced the cytotoxic activity of CPA and IFA and increased apoptosis. Our results indicate that by stimulating HIF-1α activity, hypoxia downregulates the expression of CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, that in turn leads to decreased conversion of CPA and IFA into their active forms and thus to diminished cytotoxicity. These results support that the combination of HIF-1α inhibitors and canonical antineoplastic agents provides a potential therapeutic alternative against medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Valencia-Cervantes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquín
- Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Haemato‑Oncology Building, Children's Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Department of Biochemistry,National Institute of Cardiology 'Ignacio Chavez', Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Expression profile and cellular localizations of mucin proteins, CK7, and cytoplasmic p27 in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:296-300. [PMID: 29803118 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Barrett's esophagus is one of the main risk factors for increased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this study, we studied protein expression levels and cellular localizations of MUC-1, MUC-2, MUC-5AC, CK7, and cytoplasmic p27 to assess the relationship between the expression of each of these proteins and the disease progression on endoscopic biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses were performed using antibodies produced against MUC-1, MUC-2, MUC-5AC, CK7, and p27. Endoscopic specimens of esophageal mucosa were obtained from 72 patients who underwent esophagectomy for Barrett's esophagus, metaplasia, dysplasia, or esophageal adenocarcinoma developed from Barrett's esophagus. RESULTS Multilayer squamous epithelium showed only MUC-1 positivity in the EAC group while MUC-2 and MUC-5AC staining could not be detected in this group. Strong and diffused membranous or cytoplasmic staining of CK7 was observed at squamous, ductal, surface columnar and/or glandular epithelium. c-p27 staining was diffused and moderate in the cellular membranes observed in all groups except for esophageal epithelial metaplasia without intestinal metaplasia. Additionally, weakly focal cytoplasmic staining in squamous epithelium of p27 in EAC was detected. CONCLUSIONS Barrett's esophagus, which has a heterogeneous epithelium, might yield different diagnosis based on endoscopic evaluation and immunohistological investigation. Thus, the use of MUC1, p27, and CK7 might strengthen the truthful diagnosis. MUC-1, CK7, and c-p27 immunostaining can be used as the predictive markers for esophageal cancer progression from Barrett's esophagus.
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14
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Chou CF, Hsieh YH, Grubbs CJ, Atigadda VR, Mobley JA, Dummer R, Muccio DD, Eto I, Elmets CA, Garvey WT, Chang PL. The retinoid X receptor agonist, 9-cis UAB30, inhibits cutaneous T-cell lymphoma proliferation through the SKP2-p27kip1 axis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:343-356. [PMID: 29599065 PMCID: PMC6329374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bexarotene (Targretin®) is currently the only FDA approved retinoid X receptor (RXR) -selective agonist for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). The main side effects of bexarotene are hypothyroidism and elevation of serum triglycerides (TGs). The novel RXR ligand, 9-cis UAB30 (UAB30) does not elevate serum TGs or induce hypothyroidism in normal subjects. OBJECTIVES To assess preclinical efficacy and mechanism of action of UAB30 in the treatment of CTCLs and compare its action with bexarotene. METHODS With patient-derived CTCL cell lines, we evaluated UAB30 function in regulating growth, apoptosis, cell cycle check points, and cell cycle-related markers. RESULTS Compared to bexarotene, UAB30 had lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and was more effective in inhibiting the G1 cell cycle checkpoint. Both rexinoids increased the stability of the cell cycle inhibitor, p27kip1 protein, in part, through targeting components involved in the ubiquitination-proteasome system: 1) decreasing SKP2, a F-box protein that binds and targets p27kip1 for degradation by 26S proteasome and 2) suppressing 20S proteasome activity (cell line-dependent) through downregulation of PSMA7, a component of the 20S proteolytic complex in 26S proteasome. CONCLUSIONS UAB30 and bexarotene induce both early cell apoptosis and suppress cell proliferation. Inhibition of the G1 to S cell cycle transition by rexinoids is mediated, in part, through downregulation of SKP2 and/or 20S proteasome activity, leading to increased p27kip1 protein stability. Because UAB30 has minimal effect in elevating serum TGs and inducing hypothyroidism, it is potentially a better alternative to bexarotene for the treatment of CTCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fang Chou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Venkatram R Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald D Muccio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Isao Eto
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Pi-Ling Chang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
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15
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Khan F, Ricks-Santi LJ, Zafar R, Kanaan Y, Naab T. Expression of p27 and c-Myc by immunohistochemistry in breast ductal cancers in African American women. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:170-174. [PMID: 29715580 PMCID: PMC6008231 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteins p27 and c-Myc are both key players in the cell cycle. While p27, a tumor suppressor, inhibits progression from G1 to S phase, c-Myc, a proto-oncogene, plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The objective of our study was to determine the association between expression of c-Myc and the loss of p27 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the four major subtypes of breast cancer (BC) (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and Triple Negative) and with other clinicopathological factors in a population of 202 African-American (AA) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from FFPE tumor blocks from primary ductal breast carcinomas in 202 AA women. Five micrometer sections were stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against p27 and a rabbit monoclonal antibody against c-Myc. The sections were evaluated for intensity of nuclear reactivity (1-3) and percentage of reactive cells; an H-score was derived from the product of these measurements. RESULTS Loss of p27 expression and c-Myc overexpression showed statistical significance with ER negative (p < 0.0001), PR negative (p < 0.0001), triple negative (TN) (p < 0.0001), grade 3 (p = 0.038), and overall survival (p = 0.047). There was no statistical significant association between c-Myc expression/p27 loss and luminal A/B and Her2 overexpressing subtypes. CONCLUSION In our study, a statistically significant association between c-Myc expression and p27 loss and the triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) was found in AA women. A recent study found that constitutive c-Myc expression is associated with inactivation of the axin 1 tumor suppressor gene. p27 inhibits cyclin dependent kinase2/cyclin A/E complex formation. Axin 1 and CDK inhibitors may represent possible therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Khan
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Luisel J Ricks-Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Rabia Zafar
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tammey Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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p27-V109G Polymorphism Is Not Associated with the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study of Han Chinese Men in Central China. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1418609. [PMID: 29750086 PMCID: PMC5884233 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1418609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective We conducted an update meta-analysis aiming to verify the association between p27-V109G polymorphism and cancer risk, particular for prostate cancer (PCa). Then, we conducted a case-control study of Han Chinese in central China to verify the evidence-based results. Methods Relevant studies were collected from diverse databases up to March 2017. In addition, a hospital-based (H-B) case-control study enrolling 90 PCa patients and 140 healthy controls was included to verify these evidence-based findings. Genetic risk was calculated by odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The p27-V109G polymorphism was determined by MassARRAY genotyping method. Results Finally, twenty-four published studies comprising 9627 cases and 12,102 controls were enrolled for the current meta-analysis. Overall analysis suggested that p27-V109G polymorphism decreased overall cancer risk in allelic contrast, heterozygote, and dominant models. When stratified analysis was conducted by ethnicity, data revealed that p27-V109G polymorphism was associated with a decreased cancer risk in Caucasians. Highlighted in the subgroup analysis by cancer type, we uncovered a significantly decreased risk of PCa in allelic contrast, dominant, homogeneous, and recessive models. However, in the validation case-control study, we failed to uncover a positive association between p27-V109G polymorphism and PCa risk. In addition, negative results were also identified when subgroup analyses were stratified by age, tumor grade, tumor stage, PSA levels, and other measurements. Conclusion Although evidence-based results suggest that p27-V109G polymorphism plays a protective role in overall cancer risk, particularly for PCa, our case-control study failed to validate any association between this particular polymorphism and PCa risk.
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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure promotes proliferation, migration and invasion potential in human breast epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1729-1739. [PMID: 29502166 PMCID: PMC5962621 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a suspected endocrine disruptor and a common environmental pollutant associated with various diseases including cancer. However, the effects of PFOA and its mechanisms of action on hormone-responsive cells remain unclear. Here, we explored the potential tumorigenic activity of PFOA (100 nM–1 mM) in human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). MCF-10A cells exposed to 50 and 100 µM PFOA demonstrated a higher growth rate compared to controls. The compound promoted MCF-10A proliferation by accelerating G0/G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. PFOA increased cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 levels, concomitant with a decrease in p27. In contrast to previous studies of perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS), the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 had no effect on PFOA-induced cell proliferation, whereas the PPARα antagonist GW 6471 was able to prevent the MCF-10A proliferation, indicating that the underlying mechanisms involve PPARα-dependent pathways. Interestingly, we also showed that PFOA is able to stimulate cell migration and invasion, demonstrating its potential to induce neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells. These results suggest that more attention should be paid to the roles of PFOA in the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Lai IC, Lai GM, Chow JM, Lee HL, Yeh CF, Li CH, Yan JL, Chuang SE, Whang-Peng J, Bai KJ, Yao CJ. Active fraction (HS7) from Taiwanofungus camphoratus inhibits AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways and induces CDK inhibitors in CL1-0 human lung cancer cells. Chin Med 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 29177004 PMCID: PMC5688709 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In NSCLC, the oncogenic AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways are commonly dysregulated and have emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic developments. In a relatively limited subset of NSCLC, these pathways driven by mutant EGFR can be treated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-mediated targeted therapy. However, for the most NSCLC, more novel targeted agents are imperatively needed. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the active fraction HS7 from Taiwanofungus camphoratus, a unique medicinal fungus in Taiwan, on these pathways in CL1-0 EGFR wild-type human NSCLC cells. Methods The active fraction HS7 was prepared by n-hexane extraction of T. camphoratus followed by silica gel chromatography. Its effects on the cell viabilities were determined by sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis induction. The changes in cellular protein levels were examined by Western blot. Results The active fraction HS7 vigorously inhibits AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in CL1-0 cells. At dose of 25 μg/mL, these signaling pathways were almost completely inhibited by HS7, accompanied with induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p15, p21 and p27. Accordingly, the AKT-mTOR downstream targets p-p70S6K and HIF-1α were also suppressed as well. At this dose, the cell proliferation was profoundly suppressed to 23.4% of control and apoptosis induction was observed. Conclusions The active fraction HS7 from n-hexane extract of T. camphoratus exerts multi-targeting activity on the suppression of AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways and induction of p15, p21 and p27 in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cells. This multi-targeting activity of HS7 suggests its potential as an alternative medicine for the treatment of EGFR TKIs resistant NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-017-0154-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Feng Yeh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Long Yan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
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Pierozan P, Karlsson O. PFOS induces proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and malignant phenotype in human breast epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:705-716. [PMID: 29063134 PMCID: PMC5818598 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a synthetic fluorosurfactant widely used in the industry and a prominent environmental toxicant. PFOS is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to mammalian species. Growing evidence suggests that PFOS has the potential to interfere with estrogen homeostasis, posing a risk of endocrine-disrupting effects. Recently, concerns about a potential link between PFOS and breast cancer have been raised, but the mechanisms underlying its actions as a potential carcinogen are unknown. By utilizing cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and cell migration/invasion assays, we examined the potentially tumorigenic activity of PFOS (100 nM–1 mM) in MCF-10A breast cell line. The results showed that the growth of MCF-10A cells exposed to 1 and 10 µM PFOS was higher compared to that of the control. Mechanistic studies using 10 µM PFOS demonstrated that the compound promotes MCF-10A proliferation through accelerating G0/G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. In addition, PFOS exposure increased CDK4 and decreased p27, p21, and p53 levels in the cells. Importantly, treatment with 10 µM PFOS for 72 h also stimulated MCF-10A cell migration and invasion, illustrating its capability to induce neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells. Our experimental results suggest that exposure to low levels of PFOS might be a potential risk factor in human breast cancer initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Sun C, Wang G, Wrighton KH, Lin H, Songyang Z, Feng XH, Lin X. Regulation of p27 Kip1 phosphorylation and G1 cell cycle progression by protein phosphatase PPM1G. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2207-2220. [PMID: 27822412 PMCID: PMC5088286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle, an essential process leading to the cell division, is stringently controlled by the key cell cycle regulators, cyclin-CDK complexes, whose activity is further regulated by a variety of mechanisms. p27Kip1 is a cyclin-CDK inhibitor that arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase by blocking the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 complex, preventing the improper entry to the cell cycle. Dysfunction of p27 has been frequently observed in many types of human cancers, resulting from p27 protein degradation and cytoplasmic mislocalization, which are highly regulated by the phosphorylation status of p27. Although the kinases that phosphorylate p27 have been extensively studied, phosphatases that dephosphorylate p27 remain to be elucidated. By using genomic phosphatase screening, we identified a PPM family phosphatase, PPM1G, which could reduce p27 phosphorylation at T198. We further confirmed that PPM1G is a novel p27 phosphatase by demonstrating that PPM1G can interact with and dephosphorylate p27 in cells and in vitro. Functionally, ectopic expression of PPM1G enhanced p27 protein stability and delayed cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. In accordance, knockdown of PPM1G accelerated p27 degradation during G1 phase and rendered cells resistant to the cell cycle arrest induced by serum deprivation. Mechanistically, PPM1G inhibited the interaction of p27 to 14-3-3θ, a chaperone protein that facilitates p27 nuclear export. Knockdown of PPM1G promoted the cytoplasmic localization of p27. Taken together, our studies identified PPM1G as a novel regulator of p27 that dephosphorylates p27 at T198 site and, together with p27 kinases, PPM1G controls cell cycle progression by maintaining the proper level of p27 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Sun
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gaohang Wang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Katharine H Wrighton
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Present address: Nature Reviews JournalsPorters South, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
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Pathania M, Wang Y, Simirskii VN, Duncan MK. β1-integrin controls cell fate specification in early lens development. Differentiation 2016; 92:133-147. [PMID: 27596755 PMCID: PMC5159248 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface molecules that mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, ECM assembly, and regulation of both ECM and growth factor induced signaling. However, the developmental context of these diverse functions is not clear. Loss of β1-integrin from the lens vesicle (mouse E10.5) results in abnormal exit of anterior lens epithelial cells (LECs) from the cell cycle and their aberrant elongation toward the presumptive cornea by E12.5. These cells lose expression of LEC markers and initiate expression of the Maf (also known as c-Maf) and Prox1 transcription factors as well as other lens fiber cell markers. β1-integrin null LECs also upregulate the ERK, AKT and Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation indicative of BMP and FGF signaling. By E14.5, β1-integrin null lenses have undergone a complete conversion of all lens epithelial cells into fiber cells. These data suggest that shortly after lens vesicle closure, β1-integrin blocks inappropriate differentiation of the lens epithelium into fibers, potentially by inhibiting BMP and/or FGF receptor activation. Thus, β1-integrin has an important role in fine-tuning the response of the early lens to the gradient of growth factors that regulate lens fiber cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathania
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Vladimir N Simirskii
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Lu Y, Gao K, Zhang M, Zhou A, Zhou X, Guan Z, Shi X, Ge S. Genetic Association Between CDKN1B rs2066827 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1217. [PMID: 26579796 PMCID: PMC4652805 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been directed to the association between cancer risk and rs2066827 polymorphism of the CDKN1B gene. However, the results are indefinitive and inconclusive. This study was devised to evaluate the hypothesis that rs2066827 polymorphism is associated with the risk of cancer.Computer-based databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and CNKI) were used to seek all case-control studies evaluating rs2066827 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. The genetic risk was assessed by calculating pooled odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Fixed-effects pooled ORs were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method (Ph > 0.05), and random-effects pooled ORs were estimated by the DerSimonian-Laird method (Ph < 0.05).Data on rs2066827 polymorphism and cancer risk were available for 9038 cancer cases and 11,596 controls participating in 17 studies. Carriage of a TG genotype was associated with a minor but significant decrease in the risk of cancer (pooled OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.99; model, TG vs. TT). We observed a moderately decreased risk of ovarian cancer based on 1829 cases and 2868 controls (pooled OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97; model, TG vs. TT). A slightly deceased risk of cancer was also indicated in Caucasians consisting of 6707 cases and 8279 controls (pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; model, TG vs. TT).These data suggest that carriage of a TG genotype at rs2066827 polymorphism may be associated with decreased susceptibility to cancer, ovarian cancer in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Lu
- From the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (YL, AZ, ZG, XS); Department of Anorectal Surgery, Central Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China (KG); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (MZ); and Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (XZ, SG)
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Tan W, Gu Z, Shen B, Jiang J, Meng Y, Da Z, Liu H, Tao T, Cheng C. PTEN/Akt-p27kip1Signaling Promote the BM-MSCs Senescence and Apoptosis in SLE Patients. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1583-94. [PMID: 25649549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
- Department of Emergency; The Yangzhou First People's Hospital; Yangzhou 225001 China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Jinxia Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
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24
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Quan Y, Xu M, Cui P, Ye M, Zhuang B, Min Z. Grainyhead-like 2 Promotes Tumor Growth and is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2015; 6:342-50. [PMID: 25767604 PMCID: PMC4349874 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GRHL2 was implicated in regulating cancer development. Our previous study demonstrated that knockdown GRHL2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells inhibited cell proliferation by targeting ZEB1. It is unclear whether GRHL2 expression may have diagnostic or prognostic value in colorectal carcinoma. Additionally, how GRHL2 is associated with the clinical features of colorectal carcinoma is not known. In current study, immunohistochemistry stains were performed to examine GRHL2 in 171 colorectal cancers and paired normal colon mucosa. The prognostic value of GRHL2 was investigated in a retrospective cohort study with a five-year follow-up. The effects of GRHL2 on cell growth in vitro and in vivo were explored by GRHL2 over-expressing in HT29 and SW620 CRC cells. Further, the regulation of cell cycle and proliferation proteins by GRHL2 were assessed by flow cytometry and western blot. We found that GRHL2 was over-expressed in CRC tissues, and played an important role in CRC tumorigenesis. GRHL2 expression positively correlated with tumor size and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GRHL2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Ectopic over-expression of GRHL2 in CRC cell line HT29 and SW620 induced an increase of cellular proliferation in vitro and promoting tumor growth in vivo. The acquisition of GRHL2 regulated cell cycle and modulates the expression of proliferation proteins p21, p27, cyclin A and cyclin D1. Together, our findings reveal GRHL2 can be used as a novel predictive biomarker and represent a potential therapeutic target against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Biao Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhijun Min
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
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Kim K, Cho YM, Park BH, Lee JL, Ro JY, Go H, Shim JW. Histological and immunohistochemical markers for progression prediction in transurethrally resected high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:743-750. [PMID: 25755769 PMCID: PMC4348879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Non-MIBC) has a high risk of stage progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and could be managed either conservatively by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) or more aggressively by radical cystectomy. The selection of patients who may benefit from early radical intervention is a challenge. To define useful prognostic markers for progression, we analyzed clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression patterns of E2F1, p27, survivin, p53, EZH2, IMP3, TSC1/hamartin, fatty acid synthase, androgen receptor, 14-3-3σ, MAGEA4, and NY-ESO-1 on 118 cases of high-grade Non-MIBC. During the mean follow-up period of 64.3 months, progression occurred in 18 patients (15.3%). Histologically, large amount of invasive component (> 50%) was noted in 35 cases (29.7%) and was strongly associated with progression. Among the 12 biomarkers, high expressions of E2F1 and nuclear p27 were noted in 46 cases (40.0%) and 14 cases (12.7%), respectively, and were associated with frequent progression. Using multivariate analysis, the proportion of invasive component and high E2F1 expression were independent prognostic factors for the prediction of progression. Our results indicated that large amount of invasive carcinoma component and high expressions of p27 and E2F1 were predictive markers for progression in Non-MIBC. Therefore, we suggest that these parameters, especially proportion of invasive carcinoma component and E2F1 expression, should be evaluated during pathologic examination and considered during selection of the appropriate management strategy for high grade Non-MIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineRepublic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hee Park
- Department of Pathology, Green Cross LaboratoriesRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, Texas; USA
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Shim
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart HospitalRepublic of Korea
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Xiang H, Li H, Ge W, Wu W, Gao M, Wang W, Hong L, Jiang D, Zhang C. Association of CDKN1B gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 40:6371-7. [PMID: 24078094 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of case–control studies have been conducted to investigate the association of CDKN1B gene polymorphisms with breast cancer. However, these studies reported conflicting results. The aim of our study was to quantitatively summarize the association of CDKN1B gene polymorphisms with breast cancer. Systemic searches of the PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database databases were performed, with the last report up to Oct 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Seven studies including 6,822 cases and 7,186 controls were involved in this meta-analysis, which was performed for two CDKN1B gene polymorphisms (rs2066827 and rs34330). Significant association was found for rs34330 polymorphism (T versus C: OR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 1.03–1.18, P = 0.003; CT + TT versus CC: OR = 1.38, 95 % CI = 0.98–1.93, P = 0.07; TT versus CC + CT: OR = 1.06, 95 % CI = 0.93–1.21, P = 0.38; TT versus CC: OR = 1.23, 95 % CI = 1.04–1.45, P = 0.02; CT versus CC: OR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 0.97–2.09, P = 0.07), but not for rs2066827 polymorphism (G versus T: OR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.91–1.08, P = 0.84; TG + GG versus TT: OR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.89–1.08, P = 0.69; GG versus TT + TG: OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 0.83–1.30, P = 0.75; GG versus TT: OR = 1.03, 95 % CI = 0.82–1.30, P = 0.77; TG versus TT: OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.88–1.08, P = 0.58). This meta-analysis suggests that breast cancer may be associated with CDKN1B gene rs34330 polymorphism, but not rs2066827 polymorphism.
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Torres G, Echavarría I, Lobo M, Márquez-Rodas I, Martin M. Cyclin Kinase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-014-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wierstra I. The transcription factor FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1): proliferation-specific expression, transcription factor function, target genes, mouse models, and normal biological roles. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:97-398. [PMID: 23768511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor, which stimulates cell proliferation and exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern. Accordingly, both the expression and the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 are increased by proliferation signals, but decreased by antiproliferation signals, including the positive and negative regulation by protooncoproteins or tumor suppressors, respectively. FOXM1 stimulates cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Moreover, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. Accordingly, FOXM1 regulates the expression of genes, whose products control G1/S-transition, S-phase progression, G2/M-transition, and M-phase progression. Additionally, FOXM1 target genes encode proteins with functions in the execution of DNA replication and mitosis. FOXM1 is a transcriptional activator with a forkhead domain as DNA binding domain and with a very strong acidic transactivation domain. However, wild-type FOXM1 is (almost) inactive because the transactivation domain is repressed by three inhibitory domains. Inactive FOXM1 can be converted into a very potent transactivator by activating signals, which release the transactivation domain from its inhibition by the inhibitory domains. FOXM1 is essential for embryonic development and the foxm1 knockout is embryonically lethal. In adults, FOXM1 is important for tissue repair after injury. FOXM1 prevents premature senescence and interferes with contact inhibition. FOXM1 plays a role for maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and for self-renewal capacity of stem cells. The functions of FOXM1 in prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy and in homologous recombination repair of DNA-double-strand breaks suggest an importance of FOXM1 for the maintenance of genomic stability and chromosomal integrity.
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Bravaccini S, Granato AM, Medri L, Foca F, Falcini F, Zoli W, Ricci M, Lanzanova G, Masalu N, Serra L, Buggi F, Folli S, Silvestrini R, Amadori D. Biofunctional characteristics of in situ and invasive breast carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 36:303-10. [PMID: 23807750 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing use of breast-conserving surgery makes it essential to identify biofunctional profiles responsible for the progression of in situ to invasive carcinomas to facilitate the detection of lesions that are most likely to relapse or progress and, thus, to be able to offer patients tailored treatment options. Our objective was to analyse and compare biofunctional profiles in ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). We also aimed to identify markers in tumor and normal surrounding tissues that may be predictive of locoregional recurrence in patients with DCIS. METHODS Biofunctional parameters including mitotic activity, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, microvessel density (MVD), c-kit and p27 expression were evaluated in 829 in situ and invasive carcinomas. The impact of the biomarker profiles of DCIS, IDC and normal surrounding tissues on loco-regional recurrence was analyzed. RESULTS A progressive increase in cell proliferation and a concomitant decrease in steroid hormone receptor-positive lesions was observed during the transition from in situ to invasive carcinomas, as also within each subgroup as grade increased. Conversely, p27 expression and MVD dramatically decreased during the transition from in situ to invasive carcinomas. Finally, we found that a low c-kit expression was indicative of IDC relapse. CONCLUSIONS Cell proliferation, hormonal and differentiation characteristics differed in DCIS with respect to IDC, and the main variation in the transition between the two histologic lesions was the decrease in p27 expression and MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy.
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Eto I. Expression of p27Kip1, a cell cycle repressor protein, is inversely associated with potential carcinogenic risk in the genetic rodent models of obesity and long-lived Ames dwarf mice. Metabolism 2013; 62:873-87. [PMID: 23357529 PMCID: PMC3970792 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of genetic rodent models of obesity and cancer still remains a controversial issue. Although this controversy has largely been resolved in recent years for homozygous leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats and homozygous long-lived Ames dwarf mice, it is still unresolved for homozygous leptin-deficient obese ob/ob mice. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study described below was to investigate whether the expression of the cell cycle repressor protein p27(Kip1) is (a) down-regulated in the tumor-free homozygous leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats as well as tumor-free homozygous leptin-deficient obese ob/ob mice and (b) up-regulated in the tumor-free homozygous long-lived Ames dwarf mice. METHODS To achieve this objective, we first performed western immunoblot analysis of the hepatic expression of p27. We then performed western immunoblot analysis and proteomic analysis of the hepatic expression of the proteins involved in the upstream molecular signaling pathways for the expression of p27. Lastly, we analyzed the serum levels of glucose, insulin, and branched-chain amino acids, all of which have been shown to regulate, causally and inversely, the expression of p27. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the hepatic expression of p27 was down-regulated in the homozygous leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats and up-regulated in the homozygous long-lived Ames dwarf mice as expected. We also found that the hepatic expression of p27 was down-regulated in the homozygous leptin-deficient obese ob/ob mice. This last observation was not completely consistent with all of the results of the published studies where homozygous leptin-deficient obese ob/ob mice were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Eto
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 316 Susan Mott Webb Nutrition Sciences Building, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Penney RB, Roy D. Thioredoxin-mediated redox regulation of resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:60-79. [PMID: 23466753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapy in breast carcinogenesis due to the redox regulation of the signal transduction system by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the subject of this review article. Both antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors are thought to prevent cancer through modulating the estrogen receptor function, but other mechanisms cannot be ruled out as these compounds also block metabolism and redox cycling of estrogen and are free radical scavengers. Endocrine therapeutic agents, such as, tamoxifen and other antiestrogens, and the aromatase inhibitor, exemestane, are capable of producing ROS. Aggressive breast cancer cells have high oxidative stress and chronic treatment with exemestane, fulvestrant or tamoxifen may add additional ROS stress. Breast cancer cells receiving long-term antiestrogen treatment appear to adapt to this increased persistent level of ROS. This, in turn, may lead to the disruption of reversible redox signaling that involves redox-sensitive phosphatases, protein kinases, such as, ERK and AKT, and transcription factors, such as, AP-1, NRF-1 and NF-κB. Thioredoxin modulates the expression of estrogen responsive genes through modulating the production of H2O2 in breast cancer cells. Overexpressing thioredoxine reductase 2 and reducing oxidized thioredoxin restores tamoxifen sensitivity to previously resistant breast cancer cells. In summary, it appears that resistance to endocrine therapy may be mediated, in part, by ROS-mediated dysregulation of both estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism of action of thioredoxin modifiers, and their effect on the redox regulation that contributes to restoring the antiestrogen-mediated signal transduction system and growth inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Brigham Penney
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Castagnino P, Kothapalli D, Hawthorne EA, Liu SL, Xu T, Rao S, Yung Y, Assoian RK. miR-221/222 compensates for Skp2-mediated p27 degradation and is a primary target of cell cycle regulation by prostacyclin and cAMP. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56140. [PMID: 23409140 PMCID: PMC3567044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
p27(kip1) (p27) is a cdk-inhibitory protein with an important role in the proliferation of many cell types. SCF(Skp2) is the best studied regulator of p27 levels, but Skp2-mediated p27 degradation is not essential in vivo or in vitro. The molecular pathway that compensates for loss of Skp2-mediated p27 degradation has remained elusive. Here, we combine vascular injury in the mouse with genome-wide profiling to search for regulators of p27 during cell cycling in vivo. This approach, confirmed by RT-qPCR and mechanistic analysis in primary cells, identified miR-221/222 as a compensatory regulator of p27. The expression of miR221/222 is sensitive to proteasome inhibition with MG132 suggesting a link between p27 regulation by miRs and the proteasome. We then examined the roles of miR-221/222 and Skp2 in cell cycle inhibition by prostacyclin (PGI(2)), a potent cell cycle inhibitor acting through p27. PGI(2) inhibited both Skp2 and miR221/222 expression, but epistasis, ectopic expression, and time course experiments showed that miR-221/222, rather than Skp2, was the primary target of PGI(2). PGI(2) activates Gs to increase cAMP, and increasing intracellular cAMP phenocopies the effect of PGI(2) on p27, miR-221/222, and mitogenesis. We conclude that miR-221/222 compensates for loss of Skp2-mediated p27 degradation during cell cycling, contributes to proteasome-dependent G1 phase regulation of p27, and accounts for the anti-mitogenic effect of cAMP during growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castagnino
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Devashish Kothapalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Hawthorne
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tina Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Molecular Profiling Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuval Yung
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Assoian
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Gao X, Yu L, Castro L, Tucker CJ, Moore AB, Xiao H, Dixon D. An essential role of p27 downregulation in fenvalerate-induced cell growth in human uterine leiomyoma and smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E1025-35. [PMID: 22850687 PMCID: PMC3469610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00107.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that fenvalerate (Fen) promotes proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma (UtLM) cells by enhancing progression of cells from G(0)-G(1) to S phase through molecular mechanisms independent of estrogen receptor-α and -β. The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27, which blocks G(1) to S phase transitions and is an important regulator of CDK2, is often decreased in hormonally regulated diseases, including uterine leiomyomas. Therefore, we were interested in whether Fen could regulate the expression of p27 and whether p27 might play a role in Fen-induced cell proliferation. Expression of p27 in Fen-treated UtLM and uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMCs) was examined. We found that p27 mRNA was significantly downregulated and that protein levels were decreased in both cell types treated with 10 μM Fen for 24 h compared with respective controls. Overexpression of p27 in UtLM cells and UtSMCs using an adenovirus doxycycline (Dox)-regulated Tet-off system abrogated the proliferative effects of Fen, as evidenced by decreased total cell numbers and BrdU incorporation. Fen treatment increased CDK2 mRNA expression levels; however, overexpression of p27 also abolished this effect. In contrast, Dox treatment dramatically restored the above muted responses. Finally, we utilized siRNA to knock down p27 expression. After transfection, mRNA levels of p27 were downregulated in UtLM cells and UtSMCs and total cell numbers and BrdU incorporation increased significantly compared with nontransfected cells. Fen treatment in the presence of p27 silencing enhanced the increased cell counts and BrdU labeling in UtLM cells and UtSMCs. Taken together, these results indicate that p27 downregulation is critical for Fen-induced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gao
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory Branch, NTP, National Institute ofEnvironmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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He W, Wang X, Chen L, Guan X. A crosstalk imbalance between p27(Kip1) and its interacting molecules enhances breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:399-402. [PMID: 22690887 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
p27(Kip1) (p27) is an inhibitor of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, the nuclear loss of which indicates poor prognoses in various solid tumors. In breast cancer cells, the p27 expression level usually decreases during tumor development and progression. In addition, p27 cytoplasmic mislocalization has been reported, but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Studies have indicated that its phosphorylation status is the key regulator and that several signal transduction pathways are involved in the regulation of both the expression and distribution of p27. To further understand the signals involved, the differences in the profiles of interacting proteins between tumor and normal cells should be elucidated. It is well known that p27 has various interacting partners, such as cyclin, cyclin-depend kinases, CRM1, Jab1, SKP2, and Spy1. Assays used to profile these proteins show differing intracellular p27 expression and localization depending on the cell-cycle phase. We hypothesize that the imbalance of crosstalk between p27 and the other molecules involved in the same signaling pathways plays an indispensable role in breast cancer carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, China
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Yin Yang 1 plays an essential role in breast cancer and negatively regulates p27. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2120-33. [PMID: 22440256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is highly expressed in various types of cancers and regulates tumorigenesis through multiple pathways. In the present study, we evaluated YY1 expression levels in breast cancer cell lines, a breast cancer TMA, and two gene arrays. We observed that, compared with normal samples, YY1 is generally overexpressed in breast cancer cells and tissues. In functional studies, depletion of YY1 inhibited the clonogenicity, migration, invasion, and tumor formation of breast cancer cells, but did not affect the clonogenicity of nontumorigenic cells. Conversely, ectopically expressed YY1 enhanced the migration and invasion of nontumorigenic MCF-10A breast cells. In both a monolayer culture condition and a three-dimensional Matrigel system, silenced YY1 expression changed the architecture of breast cancer MCF-7 cells to that resembling MCF-10A cells, whereas ectopically expressed YY1 in MCF-10A cells had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we detected an inverse correlation between YY1 and p27 expression in both breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors with manipulated YY1 expression. Counteracting the changes in p27 expression attenuated the effects of YY1 alterations on these cells. In addition, YY1 promoted p27 ubiquitination and physically interacted with p27. In conclusion, our data suggest that YY1 is an oncogene and identify p27 as a new target of YY1.
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Abstract
In the past years, several agents targeting signaling proteins critical for breast cancer growth and dissemination entered clinical evaluation. They include drugs directed against the HER/ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, especially HER2; several downstream signal transducers; and proteins involved in tumor angiogenesis and dissemination. Unfortunately, resistance to targeted agents is a quite common feature, and understanding of the molecular mechanisms predicting response or failure has become a crucial issue to optimize treatment and select patients who are the best candidates to respond. The neoadjuvant setting offers unique opportunities allowing tumor sampling and search for molecular determinants of response. A variety of tumor and host factors may account for the onset of resistance. Major progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the primary and acquired resistance to targeted agents, especially the anti-HER2 drugs, which play a pivotal role in the weaponry against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Tortora
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona 37134, Italy.
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Value of Immunohistochemical Expression of p27 and galectin-3 in Differentiation Between Follicular Adenoma and Follicular Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 20:131-40. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318228de00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yan Y, Zhang X, Legerski RJ. Artemis interacts with the Cul4A-DDB1DDB2 ubiquitin E3 ligase and regulates degradation of the CDK inhibitor p27. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:4098-109. [PMID: 22134138 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.23.18227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemis, a member of the SNM1 gene family, is a multifunctional phospho-protein that has been shown to have important roles in V(D)J recombination, DNA double strand break repair, and stress-induced cell-cycle checkpoint regulation. We show here that Artemis interacts with the Cul4A-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase via a direct interaction with the substrate-specificity receptor DDB2. Furthermore, Artemis also interacts with the CDK inhibitor and tumor suppressor p27, a substrate of the Cul4A-DDB1 ligase, and both DDB2 and Artemis are required for the degradation of p27 mediated by this complex. We also show that the regulation of p27 by Artemis and DDB2 is important for cell cycle progression in normally proliferating cells and in response to serum deprivation. These findings thus define a function for Artemis as an effector of Cullin-based E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitylation, demonstrate a novel pathway for the regulation of p27, and show that Cul4A-DDB1(DDB2-Artemis) regulates G1 phase cell cycle progression in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yan
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Klose P, Weise C, Bondzio A, Multhaup G, Einspanier R, Gruber AD, Klopfleisch R. Is There a Malignant Progression Associated with a Linear Change in Protein Expression Levels from Normal Canine Mammary Gland to Metastatic Mammary Tumors? J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4405-15. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200112q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Klose
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Bondzio
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Sirinian C, Symeonidis A, Giannakoulas N, Zolota V, Melachrinou M. Overexpression of phosphorylated p27 Kip1 at threonine 187 may predict outcome in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:814-22. [PMID: 21338280 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.555026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of p27(Kip1) at threonine 187 (pThr187-p27(Kip1)) occurs frequently in the development of human tumors, directing protein polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. We investigated the immunoexpression of p27(Kip1) and pThr187-p27(Kip1) in 126 B-cell lymphomas and their relation to proliferative activity and clinical parameters. Increased levels of p27(Kip1) and pThr187-p27(Kip1) were significantly correlated with indolent and aggressive lymphomas, respectively (p < 0.001). pThr187-p27(Kip1) expression showed a strong positive correlation with proliferation index in aggressive (p = 0.01) and indolent (p < 0.001) subgroups. Survival analysis revealed that pThr187-p27(Kip1) was an unfavorable prognostic factor for disease-free (p = 0.019) and overall survival (p = 0.003) in aggressive lymphomas. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the prognostic value of pThr187-p27(Kip1) was independent of the international prognostic index (IPI) score, tumor stage, patient age, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Overall, our results suggest that high levels of pThr187-p27(Kip1) may predict a worse clinical outcome in patients with aggressive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaido Sirinian
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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Keskin S, Muslumanoglu M, Saip P, Karanlık H, Guveli M, Pehlivan E, Aydoğan F, Eralp Y, Aydıner A, Yavuz E, Ozmen V, Igci A, Topuz E. Clinical and Pathological Features of Breast Cancer Associated with the Pathological Complete Response to Anthracycline-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Oncology 2011; 81:30-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000330766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guan X, Du L, Chen L, Chen Y, Wang J. Variation of gene expression profile linked to p27 (Kip1) Ser(10) phosphorylation status in MCF-7 cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 65:537-41. [PMID: 21216562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser(10) was the major phosphorylation site in p27(Kip1) (here after referred to as p27), accounting for 70% of the total phosphorylation of this protein, due to cytoplasmic shuttling. To further elucidate the mechanism for Ser(10)-mediated dysfunction of p27 during breast cancer progression. Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array was used to identify differentially regulated genes between MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines stably-transfected with wild type and Ser(10) mutant (substitution of Ser(10) with Ala, S10A), alternatively. Then to confirm by RT-PCR then western blot partly. Microarray analysis showing that S10A, then abrogation of Ser(10) phosphorylation, result in important changes in a large number of genes involved in the control of cell cycle, cell differentiation, metabolism, immune response and signal transduction. S10A induced cell cycle G(0) phase arrest by FACS method. And cell growth inhibition and abrogation of cytoplasmic translation. Our data indicate that abrogation of phosphorylation of Ser(10) resulted in significant changes in gene expression profiles which mediate cell cycle redistribution, sub-cellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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McDonald CB, Seldeen KL, Deegan BJ, Bhat V, Farooq A. Binding of the cSH3 domain of Grb2 adaptor to two distinct RXXK motifs within Gab1 docker employs differential mechanisms. J Mol Recognit 2010; 24:585-96. [PMID: 21472810 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A ubiquitous component of cellular signaling machinery, Gab1 docker plays a pivotal role in routing extracellular information in the form of growth factors and cytokines to downstream targets such as transcription factors within the nucleus. Here, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in combination with macromolecular modeling (MM), we show that although Gab1 contains four distinct RXXK motifs, designated G1, G2, G3, and G4, only G1 and G2 motifs bind to the cSH3 domain of Grb2 adaptor and do so with distinct mechanisms. Thus, while the G1 motif strictly requires the PPRPPKP consensus sequence for high-affinity binding to the cSH3 domain, the G2 motif displays preference for the PXVXRXLKPXR consensus. Such sequential differences in the binding of G1 and G2 motifs arise from their ability to adopt distinct polyproline type II (PPII)- and 3(10) -helical conformations upon binding to the cSH3 domain, respectively. Collectively, our study provides detailed biophysical insights into a key protein-protein interaction involved in a diverse array of signaling cascades central to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb B McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, USylvester Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Klopfleisch R, Schütze M, Gruber A. Downregulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and latent TGFβ binding protein (LTBP)-4 expression in late stage canine mammary tumours. Vet J 2010; 186:379-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leone DP, Srinivasan K, Brakebusch C, McConnell SK. The rho GTPase Rac1 is required for proliferation and survival of progenitors in the developing forebrain. Dev Neurobiol 2010; 70:659-78. [PMID: 20506362 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Progenitor cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the developing forebrain give rise to neurons and glial cells, and are characterized by distinct morphologies and proliferative behaviors. The mechanisms that distinguish VZ and SVZ progenitors are not well understood, although the homeodomain transcription factor Cux2 and Cyclin D2, a core component of the cell cycle machinery, are specifically involved in controlling SVZ cell proliferation. Rho GTPases have been implicated in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of many cell types, and one family member, Cdc42, affects the polarity and proliferation of radial glial cells in the VZ. Here, we show that another family member, Rac1, is required for the normal proliferation and differentiation of SVZ progenitors and for survival of both VZ and SVZ progenitors. A forebrain-specific loss of Rac1 leads to an SVZ-specific reduction in proliferation, a concomitant increase in cell cycle exit, and premature differentiation. In Rac1 mutants, the SVZ and VZ can no longer be delineated, but rather fuse to become a single compact zone of intermingled cells. Cyclin D2 expression, which is normally expressed by both VZ and SVZ progenitors, is reduced in Rac1 mutants, suggesting that the mutant cells differentiate precociously. Rac1-deficient mice can still generate SVZ-derived upper layer neurons, indicating that Rac1 is not required for the acquisition of upper layer neuronal fates, but instead is needed for the normal regulation of proliferation by progenitor cells in the SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino P Leone
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Rheb activates AMPK and reduces p27Kip1 levels in Tsc2-null cells via mTORC1-independent mechanisms: implications for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2010; 29:6543-56. [PMID: 20818424 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomally inherited disorder that causes tumors to form in many organs. It is frequently caused by inactivating mutations in the TSC2 tumor-suppressor gene. TSC2 negatively regulates the activity of the GTPase Rheb and thereby inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Activation of mTORC1 as a result of lack of TSC2 function is observed in TSC and sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). TSC2 deficiency has recently been associated with elevated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, which in turn correlated with cytoplasmic localization of p27Kip1 (p27), a negative regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). How AMPK in the absence of TSC2 is stimulated is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Rheb activates AMPK and reduces p27 levels in Tsc2-null cells. Importantly, both effects occur largely independent of mTORC1. Furthermore, increased p27 levels following Rheb depletion correlated with reduced Cdk2 activity and cell proliferation in vitro, and with inhibition of tumor formation by Tsc2-null cells in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that Rheb controls proliferation of TSC2-deficient cells by a mechanism that involves regulation of AMPK and p27, and that Rheb is a potential target for TSC/LAM therapy.
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Alves MKS, Lima VP, André AR, Ferreira MVP, Barros MAP, Rabenhorst SHB. p27KIP1 expression in gastric cancer: differential pathways in the histological subtypes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:409-20. [PMID: 20059402 DOI: 10.3109/00365520903521566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreases in p27(KIP1) and C-MYC expression have been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Furthermore, C-MYC seems to be a transcriptional repressor of p27(KIP1). Therefore, in a series of gastric adenocarcinomas we studied the association of p27(KIP1) expression with H. pylori genotype (vacA, cagA, cagE and virB11) and the involvement of C-MYC in this process. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of p27(KIP1) and C-MYC was determined by immunohistochemistry in 84 gastric adenocarcinoma samples and H. pylori infection and genotype were determined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Most p27(KIP1)-negative cases (94.0%) were H. pylori-positive and 44.8% were C-MYC-positive. In the diffuse gastric cancer subtype, p27-negative-C-MYC-positive was the most frequent combination (cluster II), and was associated with the more pathogenic H. pylori strains. Although an association with p27(KIP1) and H. pylori strain was found in the intestinal gastric cancer subtype, negativity for p27(KIP1) and C-MYC markers was the most frequent cluster, followed by cluster II, and both were present, independent of the H. pylori genotype. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of p27(KIP1) was closely linked to H. pylori infection, and was dependent on the more pathogenic strains. Moreover, intestinal and diffuse subtypes showed distinct carcinogenic pathways influenced by H. pylori strains. These data add insight to the differential influence and relevance of H. pylori genotype in gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markênia Kélia Santos Alves
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Federal University in Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Klopfleisch R, Schütze M, Gruber A. Loss of p27 expression in canine mammary tumors and their metastases. Res Vet Sci 2010; 88:300-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mécanismes de résistance aux thérapeutiques moléculaires ciblées dans le cancer du sein : constats et perspectives. Bull Cancer 2010; 97:385-95. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2010.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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50
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Eto I. Upstream molecular signaling pathways of p27(Kip1) expression: effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, dexamethasone, and retinoic acids. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:3. [PMID: 20170512 PMCID: PMC2841156 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background p27(Kip1) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle. It is known that a relatively large number of nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents specifically up-regulate expression of p27 without directly affecting the expression of other G1-to-S phase cell cycle regulatory proteins including p21(Cip1Waf1). However, the upstream molecular signaling pathways of how these agents up-regulate the expression of p27 have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify such pathways in human breast cancer cells in vitro using 4-hydroxytamoxifen, dexamethasone, and various retinoic acids as examples of such anti-cancer agents. Results Experimental evidence presented in the first half of this report was obtained by transfecting human breast cancer cells in vitro with proximal upstream region of p27 gene-luciferase reporter plasmids. 1) The evidence indicated that 4-hydroxytamoxifen, dexamethasone, and various retinoic acids up-regulated expression of p27 in both estrogen receptor-positive and negative human breast cancer cells in vitro. 2) The degree of up-regulation of p27 expression by these anti-cancer agents in human breast cancer cells in vitro linearly correlated with the degree of inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma in vivo. 3) Lastly, up-regulation of the expression of p27 was likely due to the activation of translation initiation rather than transcription of p27 gene. The experimental evidence presented in the second half of this report was obtained by a combination of Western immunoblot analysis and transfection analysis. It indicated that 4-hydroxytamoxifen and dexamethasone up-regulated expression of p27 by down-regulating phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) at Ser65 and this phosphorylation was likely to be mediated by upstream receptor tyrosine kinases/phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/5'-AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (RTKs/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR) protein kinase signaling pathways. Retinoic acids up-regulated expression of p27 without using either 4E-BP1 or RTKs/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR protein kinase signaling pathways. Conclusions 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and dexamethasone up-regulated translation initiation of p27 by down-regulating 4E-BP1 phosphorylated at Ser65 and this down-regulation seemed to be mediated by upstream RTKs/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR protein kinase signaling pathways. Retinoic acids also up-regulated translation initiation of p27, but without using any of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Eto
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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