1
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Saliba-Gustafsson P, Justesen JM, Ranta A, Sharma D, Bielczyk-Maczynska E, Li J, Najmi LA, Apodaka M, Aspichueta P, Björck HM, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A, Gloudemans M, Mujica E, den Hoed M, Assimes TL, Quertermous T, Carcamo-Orive I, Park CY, Knowles JW. A functional genomic framework to elucidate novel causal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease genes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.03.24302258. [PMID: 38352379 PMCID: PMC10863038 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.24302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Background & Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver pathology in western countries, with serious public health consequences. Efforts to identify causal genes for NAFLD have been hampered by the relative paucity of human data from gold-standard magnetic resonance quantification of hepatic fat. To overcome insufficient sample size, genome-wide association studies using NAFLD surrogate phenotypes have been used, but only a small number of loci have been identified to date. In this study, we combined GWAS of NAFLD composite surrogate phenotypes with genetic colocalization studies followed by functional in vitro screens to identify bona fide causal genes for NAFLD. Approach & Results We used the UK Biobank to explore the associations of our novel NAFLD score, and genetic colocalization to prioritize putative causal genes for in vitro validation. We created a functional genomic framework to study NAFLD genes in vitro using CRISPRi. Our data identify VKORC1, TNKS, LYPLAL1 and GPAM as regulators of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and suggest the involvement of VKORC1 in the lipid storage related to the development of NAFLD. Conclusions Complementary genetic and genomic approaches are useful for the identification of NAFLD genes. Our data supports VKORC1 as a bona fide NAFLD gene. We have established a functional genomic framework to study at scale putative novel NAFLD genes from human genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Saliba-Gustafsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- CardioMetabolic Unit at the Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Johanne M. Justesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Ranta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Disha Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Laeya A. Najmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Maider Apodaka
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Physiology, Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Physiology, Leioa, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
| | - Hanna M. Björck
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Inistitutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Inistitutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Mike Gloudemans
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Endrina Mujica
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto CA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Chong Y. Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Gutmann M, Stimpfl E, Langmann G, Koudelka H, Mir-Karner B, Grasl-Kraupp B. Differentiated and non-differentiated HepaRG™ cells: A possible in-vitro model system for early hepatocarcinogenesis and non-genotoxic carcinogens. Toxicol Lett 2023; 390:15-24. [PMID: 37890683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Many xenobiotics are non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGC) in rodent liver. Their mode of action (MoA) and health risks for humans are unclear and no in-vitro tests are available to predict NGC. Human HepaRG™ cells in the differentiated (d-HepaRG) and non-differentiated state (nd-HepaRG) were studied as new approach methodology (NAM) for NGC. Cell-biological assays were performed with d-/nd-HepaRG and human hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cell lines to characterize the benign/malignant phenotype. Reaction of d-/nd-HepaRG to several liver growth factors and NGC (phenobarbital, PB; cyproterone acetate, CPA; WY-14643) was compared to unaltered and premalignant rat hepatocytes in ex-vivo culture. Enzyme induction by NGC was checked by RT-qPCR/oligo-arrays. Growth, anchorage-independency, migration, clonogenicity, and in-vivo tumorigenicity of nd-HepaRG ranged between benign d-HepaRG and malignant hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells. All growth factors elevated DNA replication of d-/nd-HepaRG cells, similarly to unaltered/premalignant rat hepatocytes. NGC induced their prototypical enzymes in the rat and human cells, but elicited a growth response only in the unaltered/premalignant rat hepatocytes and not in human d-/nd-HepaRG cells. To conclude, a benign/premalignant phenotype of d-/nd-HepaRG cells and a reactivity towards several hepatic growth factors and NGC, as known from human hepatocytes, are essential components for an in-vitro model for early stage human hepatocarcinogenesis.The potential value as new approach methodology (NAM) for NGC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gutmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily Stimpfl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Langmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Koudelka
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Mir-Karner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Caruso M, Meurant S, Detraux D, Mathieu A, Gilson M, Dieu M, Fattaccioli A, Demazy C, Najimi M, Sokal E, Arnould T, Verfaillie C, Lafontaine DLJ, Renard P. The global downregulation of protein synthesis observed during hepatogenic maturation is associated with a decrease in TOP mRNA translation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 18:254-268. [PMID: 36563686 PMCID: PMC9860114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational regulation is of paramount importance for proteome remodeling during stem cell differentiation at both the global and the transcript-specific levels. In this study, we characterized translational remodeling during hepatogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by polysome profiling. We demonstrate that protein synthesis increases during exit from pluripotency and is then globally repressed during later steps of hepatogenic maturation. This global downregulation of translation is accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of protein components of the translation machinery, which involves a global reduction in translational efficiency of terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) mRNA encoding translation-related factors. Despite global translational repression during hepatogenic differentiation, key hepatogenic genes remain efficiently translated, and the translation of several transcripts involved in hepatospecific functions and metabolic maturation is even induced. We conclude that, during hepatogenic differentiation, a global decrease in protein synthesis is accompanied by a specific translational rewiring of hepatospecific transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Caruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Meurant
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Damien Detraux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Amandine Mathieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium; Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Gilson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- Mass Spectrometry Facility (MaSUN), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Antoine Fattaccioli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium; Mass Spectrometry Facility (MaSUN), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denis L J Lafontaine
- RNA Molecular Biology, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS/FNRS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biopark Campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium; Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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4
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Barnault R, Verzeroli C, Fournier C, Michelet M, Redavid AR, Chicherova I, Plissonnier ML, Adrait A, Khomich O, Chapus F, Richaud M, Hervieu M, Reiterer V, Centonze FG, Lucifora J, Bartosch B, Rivoire M, Farhan H, Couté Y, Mirakaj V, Decaens T, Mehlen P, Gibert B, Zoulim F, Parent R. Hepatic inflammation elicits production of proinflammatory netrin-1 through exclusive activation of translation. Hepatology 2022; 76:1345-1359. [PMID: 35253915 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Netrin-1 displays protumoral properties, though the pathological contexts and processes involved in its induction remain understudied. The liver is a major model of inflammation-associated cancer development, leading to HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS A panel of cell biology and biochemistry approaches (reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, reporter assays, run-on, polysome fractionation, cross linking immunoprecipitation, filter binding assay, subcellular fractionation, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) on in vitro-grown primary hepatocytes, human liver cell lines, mouse samples and clinical samples was used. We identify netrin-1 as a hepatic inflammation-inducible factor and decipher its mode of activation through an exhaustive eliminative approach. We show that netrin-1 up-regulation relies on a hitherto unknown mode of induction, namely its exclusive translational activation. This process includes the transfer of NTN1 (netrin-1) mRNA to the endoplasmic reticulum and the direct interaction between the Staufen-1 protein and this transcript as well as netrin-1 mobilization from its cell-bound form. Finally, we explore the impact of a phase 2 clinical trial-tested humanized anti-netrin-1 antibody (NP137) in two distinct, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/TLR3/TLR6-dependent, hepatic inflammatory mouse settings. We observe a clear anti-inflammatory activity indicating the proinflammatory impact of netrin-1 on several chemokines and Ly6C+ macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These results identify netrin-1 as an inflammation-inducible factor in the liver through an atypical mechanism as well as its contribution to hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Barnault
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Verzeroli
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Fournier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, University of Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Rita Redavid
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ievgeniia Chicherova
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Plissonnier
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS CEA FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Olga Khomich
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Fleur Chapus
- Single Cell Dynamics Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mathieu Richaud
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maëva Hervieu
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Reiterer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Julie Lucifora
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Rivoire
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yohann Couté
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS CEA FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Valbona Mirakaj
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, University of Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Service of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Parent
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Laboratory - LabEx DEVweCAN, Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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5
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MiR-126 Regulates Properties of SOX9 + Liver Progenitor Cells during Liver Repair by Targeting Hoxb6. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:706-720. [PMID: 32763157 PMCID: PMC7486193 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) have a remarkable contribution to the hepatocytes and ductal cells when normal hepatocyte proliferation is severely impaired. As a biomarker for LPCs, Sry-box 9 (Sox9) plays critical roles in liver homeostasis and repair in response to injury. However, the regulation mechanism of Sox9 in liver physiological and pathological state remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-126 positively regulated the expression of Sox9, the proliferation and differentiation of SOX9+ LPCs by suppressing the translation of homeobox b6 (Hoxb6). As a transcription factor, HOXB6 directly binds to the promoter of Sox9 to inhibit Sox9 expression, resulting in the destruction of the properties of SOX9+ LPCs in CCl4-induced liver injury. These findings revealed the role of miR-126 in regulating SOX9+ LPCs fate by targeting Hoxb6 in liver injury repair. Our findings suggest the potential role of miR-126 as a nucleic acid therapy drug target for liver failure. miR-126 promotes Sox9 expression and maintains SOX9+ LPCs in adult mouse livers HOXB6 suppresses properties of SOX9+ LPCs in chronic liver injury model HOXB6 negatively regulates Sox9 trans-activity miR-126 regulates properties of SOX9+ LPCs by targeting Hoxb6
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6
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Li D, Wang J. Ribosome heterogeneity in stem cells and development. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202001108. [PMID: 32330234 PMCID: PMC7265316 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation control is critical to regulate protein expression. By directly adjusting protein levels, cells can quickly respond to dynamic transitions during stem cell differentiation and embryonic development. Ribosomes are multisubunit cellular assemblies that mediate translation. Previously seen as invariant machines with the same composition of components in all conditions, recent studies indicate that ribosomes are heterogeneous and that different ribosome types can preferentially translate specific subsets of mRNAs. Such heterogeneity and specialized translation functions are very important in stem cells and development, as they allow cells to quickly respond to stimuli through direct changes of protein abundance. In this review, we discuss ribosome heterogeneity that arises from multiple features of rRNAs, including rRNA variants and rRNA modifications, and ribosomal proteins, including their stoichiometry, compositions, paralogues, and posttranslational modifications. We also discuss alterations of ribosome-associated proteins (RAPs), with a particular focus on their consequent specialized translational control in stem cells and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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7
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Abeywickrama-Samarakoon N, Cortay JC, Sureau C, Müller S, Alfaiate D, Guerrieri F, Chaikuad A, Schröder M, Merle P, Levrero M, Dény P. Hepatitis Delta Virus histone mimicry drives the recruitment of chromatin remodelers for viral RNA replication. Nat Commun 2020; 11:419. [PMID: 31964889 PMCID: PMC6972770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of Hepatitis B virus with a single-stranded circular RNA genome. HDV RNA genome synthesis is carried out in infected cells by cellular RNA polymerases with the assistance of the small hepatitis delta antigen (S-HDAg). Here we show that S-HDAg binds the bromodomain (BRD) adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B (BAZ2B) protein, a regulatory subunit of BAZ2B-associated remodeling factor (BRF) ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes. shRNA-mediated silencing of BAZ2B or its inactivation with the BAZ2B BRD inhibitor GSK2801 impairs HDV replication in HDV-infected human hepatocytes. S-HDAg contains a short linear interacting motif (SLiM) KacXXR, similar to the one recognized by BAZ2B BRD in histone H3. We found that the integrity of the S-HDAg SLiM sequence is required for S-HDAg interaction with BAZ2B BRD and for HDV RNA replication. Our results suggest that S-HDAg uses a histone mimicry strategy to co-activate the RNA polymerase II-dependent synthesis of HDV RNA and sustain HDV replication. Histone mimicry of viral components is a strategy to subvert host factors for virus replication. Here, the authors show that an acetylated histone-like motif of the small Hepatitis Delta Antigen (S-HDAg) interacts with the chromatin remodeler BAZ2B to recruit the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II for HDV RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Claude Cortay
- INSERM, U1052 UMR CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Sureau
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, INSERM U1134, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6 rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75739, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- INSERM, U1052 UMR CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, France.,Département de Pathologie et Immunologie, Université de Genève, avenue de Champel 41, 1206, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Lyon I, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- INSERM, U1052 UMR CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, France.,Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Center for Life Nanoscience (CLNS), Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Schröder
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philippe Merle
- INSERM, U1052 UMR CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, France.,Department of Hepatology, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Lyon I, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Levrero
- INSERM, U1052 UMR CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, France. .,Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Center for Life Nanoscience (CLNS), Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Hepatology, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Lyon I, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France.
| | - Paul Dény
- INSERM, U1052 UMR CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon, France. .,Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris - Seine Saint Denis, UFR Santé Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, 125 Rue de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny, France.
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8
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EZH2, JMJD3, and UTX epigenetically regulate hepatic plasticity inducing retro-differentiation and proliferation of liver cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 31285428 PMCID: PMC6614397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modification of histones by lysine methylation plays a role in many biological processes, and it is dynamically regulated by several histone methyltransferases and demethylases. The polycomb repressive complex contains the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 and controls dimethylation and trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me2/3), which trigger gene suppression. JMJD3 and UTX have been identified as H3K27 demethylases that catalyze the demethylation of H3K27me2/3, which in turns lead to gene transcriptional activation. EZH2, JMJD3 and UTX have been extensively studied for their involvement in development, immune system, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. However, their role in molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation process of hepatic cells is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that EZH2 methyltransferase and JMJD3/UTX demethylases were deregulated during hepatic differentiation of human HepaRG cells resulting in a strong reduction of H3K27 methylation levels. Inhibition of JMJD3 and UTX H3K27 demethylase activity by GSK-J4 epi-drug reverted phenotype of HepaRG DMSO-differentiated cells and human primary hepatocytes, drastically decreasing expression of hepatic markers and inducing cell proliferation. In parallel, inhibition of EZH2 H3K27me3 activity by GSK-126 epi-drug induced upregulation of hepatic markers and downregulated the expression of cell cycle inhibitor genes. To conclude, we demonstrated that modulation of H3K27 methylation by inhibiting methyl-transferase and dimethyl-transferase activity influences the differentiation status of hepatic cells, identifying a possible new role of EZH2, JMJD3 and UTX epi-drugs to modulate hepatic cell plasticity.
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9
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Poupin N, Corlu A, Cabaton NJ, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Canlet C, Person E, Bruel S, Frainay C, Vinson F, Maurier F, Morel F, Robin MA, Fromenty B, Zalko D, Jourdan F. Large-Scale Modeling Approach Reveals Functional Metabolic Shifts during Hepatic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:204-216. [PMID: 30394098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Being able to explore the metabolism of broad metabolizing cells is of critical importance in many research fields. This article presents an original modeling solution combining metabolic network and omics data to identify modulated metabolic pathways and changes in metabolic functions occurring during differentiation of a human hepatic cell line (HepaRG). Our results confirm the activation of hepato-specific functionalities and newly evidence modulation of other metabolic pathways, which could not be evidenced from transcriptomic data alone. Our method takes advantage of the network structure to detect changes in metabolic pathways that do not have gene annotations and exploits flux analyses techniques to identify activated metabolic functions. Compared to the usual cell-specific metabolic network reconstruction approaches, it limits false predictions by considering several possible network configurations to represent one phenotype rather than one arbitrarily selected network. Our approach significantly enhances the comprehensive and functional assessment of cell metabolism, opening further perspectives to investigate metabolic shifts occurring within various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Nicolas J Cabaton
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Hélène Dubois-Pot-Schneider
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Elodie Person
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Sandrine Bruel
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Clément Frainay
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Florence Vinson
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Florence Maurier
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Fabrice Morel
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
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10
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Ernlund AW, Schneider RJ, Ruggles KV. RIVET: comprehensive graphic user interface for analysis and exploration of genome-wide translatomics data. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:809. [PMID: 30409155 PMCID: PMC6225633 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translatomics data, particularly genome-wide ribosome profiling and polysome profiling, provide multiple levels of gene regulatory information that can be used to assess general transcription and translation, as well translational efficiency. The increasing popularity of these techniques has resulted in multiple algorithms to detect translational regulation, typically distributed in the form of command line tools that require a basic level of programming ability. Additionally, due to the static nature of current software, dynamic transcriptional and translational comparative analysis cannot be adequately achieved. In order to streamline hypothesis generation, investigators must have the ability to manipulate and interact with their data in real-time. Results To address the lack of integration in current software, we introduce RIVET, Ribosomal Investigation and Visualization to Evaluate Translation, an R shiny based graphical user interface for translatomics data exploration and differential analysis. RIVET can analyze either microarray or RNA sequencing data from polysome profiling and ribosome profiling experiments. RIVET provides multiple choices for statistical analysis as well as integration of transcription, translation, and translational efficiency data analytics and the ability to visualize all results dynamically. Conclusions RIVET is a user-friendly tool designed for bench scientists with little to no programming background. RIVET facilitates the data analysis of translatomics data allowing for dynamic generation of results based on user-defined inputs and publication ready visualization. We expect RIVET will allow for scientists to efficiently make more comprehensive data observations that will lead to more robust hypothesis regarding translational regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5166-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Ernlund
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Department of Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA.
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11
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Grix T, Ruppelt A, Thomas A, Amler AK, Noichl BP, Lauster R, Kloke L. Bioprinting Perfusion-Enabled Liver Equivalents for Advanced Organ-on-a-Chip Applications. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040176. [PMID: 29565814 PMCID: PMC5924518 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissue models have been developed to mimic liver-specific functions for metabolic and toxin conversion in in vitro assays. Most models represent a 2D environment rather than a complex 3D structure similar to native tissue. To overcome this issue, spheroid cultures have become the gold standard in tissue engineering. Unfortunately, spheroids are limited in size due to diffusion barriers in their dense structures, limiting nutrient and oxygen supply. Recent developments in bioprinting techniques have enabled us to engineer complex 3D structures with perfusion-enabled channel systems to ensure nutritional supply within larger, densely-populated tissue models. In this study, we present a proof-of-concept for the feasibility of bioprinting a liver organoid by combining HepaRG and human stellate cells in a stereolithographic printing approach, and show basic characterization under static cultivation conditions. Using standard tissue engineering analytics, such as immunohistology and qPCR, we found higher albumin and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in bioprinted liver tissues compared to monolayer controls over a two-week cultivation period. In addition, the expression of tight junctions, liver-specific bile transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and overall metabolism (glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were found to be stable. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the perfusability of the organoids’ intrinsic channel system. These results motivate new approaches and further development in liver tissue engineering for advanced organ-on-a-chip applications and pharmaceutical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Ruppelt
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Anna-Klara Amler
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benjamin P Noichl
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Lauster
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Jaramillo M, Yeh H, Yarmush ML, Uygun BE. Decellularized human liver extracellular matrix (hDLM)-mediated hepatic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs). J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1962-e1973. [PMID: 29222839 DOI: 10.1002/term.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach in organ transplantation but has been hampered by the lack of a reliable and readily available cell source. Human induced pluripotent stem cells hiPSCs have been highlighted as a desirable source, due to their differentiation potential, ability to self-renew, and the possibility of making patient-specific cells. We developed a decellularization protocol that efficiently removes cellular material while retaining extracellular matrix components. Subsequently, hiPSCs were differentiated on decellularized human liver extracellular matrix (hDLM) scaffolds using an established hepatic differentiation protocol. We demonstrate that using hDLM leads to upregulation markers of hepatic functions when compared with standard differentiation conditions. In addition, expression of a number of hepatic transcription and nuclear factors were found to be within levels comparable with those of primary human adult hepatocytes. Analysis of progression of differentiation on hDLM demonstrated that hepatic developmental marker expression was consistent with hepatic development. The hDLM-derived cells exhibited key hepatic characteristics that were comparable with those observed in primary neonatal human hepatocytes. We investigated the optimal timing of the introduction of hDLM into the differentiation protocol and found that the best results are obtained when cells are plated on hDLM since the earliest stages and accompanied by a progressive loss of sensitivity to substrate composition at later stages. The significance of this work is that it allows for the development of differentiation protocols that take into account signals from extracellular matrix, closely recapitulating of the in vivo micro-environment and resulting in cells that are phenotypically closer to mature hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jaramillo
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Reciprocal antagonism between the netrin-1 receptor uncoordinated-phenotype-5A (UNC5A) and the hepatitis C virus. Oncogene 2017; 36:6712-6724. [PMID: 28783179 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mainly through cirrhosis induction, spurring research for a deeper understanding of HCV versus host interactions in cirrhosis. The present study investigated crosstalks between HCV infection and UNC5A, a netrin-1 dependence receptor that is inactivated in cancer. UNC5A and HCV parameters were monitored in patients samples (n=550) as well as in in vitro. In patients, UNC5A mRNA expression is significantly decreased in clinical HCV(+) specimens irrespective of the viral genotype, but not in (HBV)(+) liver biopsies, as compared to uninfected samples. UNC5A mRNA is downregulated in F2 (3-fold; P=0.009), in F3 (10-fold, P=0.0004) and more dramatically so in F4/cirrhosis (44-fold; P<0.0001) histological stages of HCV(+) hepatic lesions compared to histologically matched HCV(-) tissues. UNC5A transcript was found strongly downregulated in HCC samples (33-fold; P<0.0001) as compared with non-HCC samples. In vivo, association of UNC5A transcripts with polyribosomes is decreased by 50% in HCV(+) livers. Consistent results were obtained in vitro showing HCV-dependent depletion of UNC5A in HCV-infected hepatocyte-like cells and in primary human hepatocytes. Using luciferase reporter constructs, HCV cumulatively decreased UNC5A transcription from the UNC5 promoter and translation in a UNC5A 5'UTR-dependent manner. Proximity ligation assays, kinase assays, as well as knockdown and forced expression experiments identified UNC5A as capable of impeding autophagy and promoting HCV restriction through specific impact on virion infectivity, in a cell death-independent and DAPK-related manner. In conclusion, while the UNC5A dependence receptor counteracts HCV persistence through regulation of autophagy in a DAPK-dependent manner, it is dramatically decreased in all instances in HCC samples, and specifically by HCV in cirrhosis. Such data argue for the evaluation of the implication of UNC5A in liver carcinogenesis.
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14
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Ancey PB, Ecsedi S, Lambert MP, Talukdar FR, Cros MP, Glaise D, Narvaez DM, Chauvet V, Herceg Z, Corlu A, Hernandez-Vargas H. TET-Catalyzed 5-Hydroxymethylation Precedes HNF4A Promoter Choice during Differentiation of Bipotent Liver Progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:264-278. [PMID: 28648900 PMCID: PMC5511103 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that govern liver progenitor cell differentiation has important implications for the design of strategies targeting chronic liver diseases, whereby regeneration of liver tissue is critical. Although DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) are highly dynamic during early embryonic development, less is known about their roles at later stages of differentiation. Using an in vitro model of hepatocyte differentiation, we show here that 5hmC precedes the expression of promoter 1 (P1)-dependent isoforms of HNF4A, a master transcription factor of hepatocyte identity. 5hmC and HNF4A expression from P1 are dependent on ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases. In turn, the liver pioneer factor FOXA2 is necessary for TET1 binding to the P1 locus. Both FOXA2 and TETs are required for the 5hmC-related switch in HNF4A expression. The epigenetic event identified here may be a key step for the establishment of the hepatocyte program by HNF4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Benoit Ancey
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Szilvia Ecsedi
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France; MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marie-Pierre Lambert
- Epissage alternatif et progression tumorale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fazlur Rahman Talukdar
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Denise Glaise
- Inserm, Inra, UBL, Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Diana Maria Narvaez
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France; Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Cr. 1 No. 18A-10 Building M1-2 Floor, Bogotá 110321, Colombia
| | - Veronique Chauvet
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, Inra, UBL, Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer (NuMeCan), 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
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15
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Piazza VG, Bartke A, Miquet JG, Sotelo AI. Analysis of Different Approaches for the Selection of Reference Genes in RT-qPCR Experiments: A Case Study in Skeletal Muscle of Growing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051060. [PMID: 28509880 PMCID: PMC5454972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliability of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results in gene expression studies depends on the approaches used to account for non-biological variations. In order to find a proper normalization strategy for the study of genes related to growth hormone signaling in skeletal muscle of growing mice, nine unrelated genes were evaluated as internal controls. According to the most used algorithms–geNorm, the Comparative ΔCq method, NormFinder and BestKeeper–GSK3B, YWHAZ, RPL13A and RN18S were found as the most stable. However, the relative expression levels of eight of the potential reference genes assessed decreased with age in cDNA samples obtained from the same amount of total RNA. In a different approach to analyze this apparent discrepancy, experiments were performed with cDNA obtained from equal amounts of purified mRNA. Since the decline was still observed, the hypothesis of an age-related change in mRNA to total RNA ratio that could account for the systematic decrease was rejected. Differences among experimental groups could be due to a substantial increase with age in highly expressed mRNAs, which would bias the quantitation of the remaining genes. Consequently, those reference genes reflecting this dilution effect, which would have been discarded considering their variable relative expression levels, arose as suitable internal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica G Piazza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Physiology, Division of Geriatric Research, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62794-9628, USA.
| | - Johanna G Miquet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Ana I Sotelo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
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16
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Beggs KM, McGreal SR, McCarthy A, Gunewardena S, Lampe JN, Lau C, Apte U. The role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha in perfluorooctanoic acid- and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid-induced hepatocellular dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:18-29. [PMID: 27153767 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), chemicals present in a multitude of consumer products, are persistent organic pollutants. Both compounds induce hepatotoxic effects in rodents, including steatosis, hepatomegaly and liver cancer. The mechanisms of PFOA- and PFOS-induced hepatic dysfunction are not completely understood. We present evidence that PFOA and PFOS induce their hepatic effects via targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α). Human hepatocytes treated with PFOA and PFOS at a concentration relevant to occupational exposure caused a decrease in HNF4α protein without affecting HNF4α mRNA or causing cell death. RNA sequencing analysis combined with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of global gene expression changes in human hepatocytes treated with PFOA or PFOS indicated alterations in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis, several of which are regulated by HNF4α. Further investigation of specific HNF4α target gene expression revealed that PFOA and PFOS could promote cellular dedifferentiation and increase cell proliferation by down regulating positive targets (differentiation genes such as CYP7A1) and inducing negative targets of HNF4α (pro-mitogenic genes such as CCND1). Furthermore, in silico docking simulations indicated that PFOA and PFOS could directly interact with HNF4α in a similar manner to endogenous fatty acids. Collectively, these results highlight HNF4α degradation as novel mechanism of PFOA and PFOS-mediated steatosis and tumorigenesis in human livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Beggs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4052 HLSIC, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Steven R McGreal
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4052 HLSIC, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Alex McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4052 HLSIC, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 2027 HLSIC, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Jed N Lampe
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4052 HLSIC, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Christoper Lau
- Developmental Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4052 HLSIC, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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17
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Jung KH, Zhang J, Zhou C, Shen H, Gagea M, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Beretta L. Differentiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Multifaceted effects of miR-148a on tumor growth and phenotype and liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2016; 63:864-79. [PMID: 26599259 PMCID: PMC4764447 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The death rate from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing, and liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most patients with HCC have underlying liver cirrhosis and compromised liver function, limiting treatment options. Cirrhosis is associated with cell dedifferentiation and expansion of hepatocholangiolar progenitor cells. We identified a microRNA signature associated with HCC and hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells. We further identified miR-148a as an inducer of hepatocytic differentiation that is down-regulated in HCC. MiR-148a-mimetic treatment in vivo suppressed tumor growth, reduced tumor malignancy and liver fibrosis, and prevented tumor development. These effects were associated with an increased differentiated phenotype and mediated by IκB kinase alpha/NUMB/NOTCH signaling. CONCLUSION miR-148a is an inhibitor of the IκB kinase alpha/NUMB/NOTCH pathway and an inducer of hepatocytic differentiation that when deregulated promotes HCC initiation and progression. Differentiation-targeted therapy may be a promising strategy to treat and prevent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and the Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and the Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic and Reproductive Oncology and the Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jung KH, McCarthy RL, Zhou C, Uprety N, Barton MC, Beretta L. MicroRNA Regulates Hepatocytic Differentiation of Progenitor Cells by Targeting YAP1. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1284-96. [PMID: 26731713 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA expression profiling in human liver progenitor cells following hepatocytic differentiation identified miR-122 and miR-194 as the microRNAs most strongly upregulated during hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells. MiR-194 was also highly upregulated following hepatocytic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Overexpression of miR-194 in progenitor cells accelerated their differentiation into hepatocytes, as measured by morphological features such as canaliculi and expression of hepatocytic markers. Overexpression of miR-194 in hESCs induced their spontaneous differentiation, a phenotype accompanied with accelerated loss of the pluripotent factors OCT4 and NANOG and decrease in mesoderm marker HAND1 expression. We then identified YAP1 as a direct target of miR-194. Inhibition of YAP1 strongly induced hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells and YAP1 overexpression reversed the miR-194-induced hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells. In conclusion, we identified miR-194 as a potent inducer of hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells and further identified YAP1 as a mediator of miR-194's effects on hepatocytic differentiation and liver progenitor cell fate. Stem Cells 2016;34:1284-1296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan L McCarthy
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nadima Uprety
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Xu H, Bionaz M, Sloboda DM, Ehrlich L, Li S, Newnham JP, Dudenhausen JW, Henrich W, Plagemann A, Challis JR, Braun T. The dilution effect and the importance of selecting the right internal control genes for RT-qPCR: a paradigmatic approach in fetal sheep. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:58. [PMID: 25881111 PMCID: PMC4352295 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key to understanding changes in gene expression levels using reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) relies on the ability to rationalize the technique using internal control genes (ICGs). However, the use of ICGs has become increasingly problematic given that any genes, including housekeeping genes, thought to be stable across different tissue types, ages and treatment protocols, can be regulated at transcriptomic level. Our interest in prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) effects on fetal growth has resulted in our investigation of suitable ICGs relevant in this model. The usefulness of RNA18S, ACTB, HPRT1, RPLP0, PPIA and TUBB as ICGs was analyzed according to effects of early dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, gender, and gestational age by two approaches: (1) the classical approach where raw (i.e., not normalized) RT-qPCR data of tested ICGs were statistically analyzed and the best ICG selected based on absence of any significant effect; (2) used of published algorithms. For the latter the geNorm Visual Basic application was mainly used, but data were also analyzed by Normfinder and Bestkeeper. In order to account for confounding effects on the geNorm analysis due to co-regulation among ICGs tested, network analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. The expression of RNA18S, the most abundant transcript, and correlation of ICGs with RNA18S, total RNA, and liver-specific genes were also performed to assess potential dilution effect of raw RT-qPCR data. The effect of the two approaches used to select the best ICG(s) was compared by normalization of NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor) mRNA expression, as an example for a target gene. RESULTS Raw RT-qPCR data of all the tested ICGs was significantly reduced across gestation. TUBB was the only ICG that was affected by DEX treatment. Using approach (1) all tested ICGs would have been rejected because they would initially appear as not reliable for normalization. However, geNorm analysis (approach 2) of the ICGs indicated that the geometrical mean of PPIA, HPRT1, RNA18S and RPLPO can be considered a reliable approach for normalization of target genes in both control and DEX treated groups. Different subset of ICGs were tested for normalization of NR3C1 expression and, despite the overall pattern of the mean was not extremely different, the statistical analysis uncovered a significant influence of the use of different normalization approaches on the expression of the target gene. We observed a decrease of total RNA through gestation, a lower decrease in raw RT-qPCR data of the two rRNA measured compared to ICGs, and a positive correlation between raw RT-qPCR data of ICGs and total RNA. Based on the same amount of total RNA to performed RT-qPCR analysis, those data indicated that other mRNA might have had a large increase in expression and, as consequence, had artificially diluted the stably expressed genes, such as ICGs. This point was demonstrated by a significant negative correlation of raw RT-qPCR data between ICGs and liver-specific genes. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the necessity of assessing multiple ICGs using algorithms in order to obtain a reliable normalization of RT-qPCR data. Our data indicated that the use of the geometrical mean of PPIA, HPRT1, RNA18S and RPLPO can provide a reliable normalization for the proposed study. Furthermore, the dilution effect observed support the unreliability of the classical approach to test ICGs. Finally, the observed change in the composition of RNA species through time reveals the limitation of the use of ICGs to normalize RT-qPCR data, especially if absolute quantification is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaisheng Xu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Loreen Ehrlich
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Shaofu Li
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, and Women and Infants Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, The University of Western Australia, and Women and Infants Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Joachim W Dudenhausen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - John Rg Challis
- Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Departments of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité - University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Golsaz Shirazi F, Mohammadi H, Amiri MM, Singethan K, Xia Y, Bayat AA, Bahadori M, Rabbani H, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Protzer U, Shokri F. Monoclonal antibodies to various epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen inhibit hepatitis B virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1083-91. [PMID: 24325676 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Antibodies against the "a" determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are able to neutralize circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles and prevent HBV infection. It has been proposed that a single amino acid exchange may allow the virus to escape the immune response. We used a set of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to investigate whether a single mutation may account for virus escape from humoral immunity. METHODS Nine murine HBsAg-specific MAbs were raised. Reactivity of all antibodies with 14 recombinant mutants of HBsAg was assessed by ELISA. HBV infection of HepaRG cells was used to evaluate viral neutralization capacity of MAbs in vitro. RESULTS All MAbs were able to inhibit the establishment of HBV infection in a dose-dependent fashion, but recognition of HBsAg variants varied. The MAbs were classified into three subgroups based on their pattern of reactivity to the HBsAg variants. Accordingly, three MAbs showed weak reactivity (< 40%) to variants with mutations within the first loop of "a" determinant, five MAbs displayed negligible binding to variants with mutations within the second loop, and one MAb lost its binding to variants having mutations in both loops of the "a" determinant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that antibodies against different epitopes of the "a" determinant of HBsAg are able to neutralize HBV. It seems that mutations within a single or a limited number of amino acids within this determinant can hardly result in viral escape. These results have important implications for the development of antibody-based therapies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Golsaz Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Petrareanu C, Macovei A, Sokolowska I, Woods AG, Lazar C, Radu GL, Darie CC, Branza-Nichita N. Comparative proteomics reveals novel components at the plasma membrane of differentiated HepaRG cells and different distribution in hepatocyte- and biliary-like cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71859. [PMID: 23977166 PMCID: PMC3748114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen causing severe liver disease and eventually death. Despite important progress in deciphering HBV internalization, the early virus-cell interactions leading to infection are not known. HepaRG is a human bipotent liver cell line bearing the unique ability to differentiate towards a mixture of hepatocyte- and biliary-like cells. In addition to expressing metabolic functions normally found in liver, differentiated HepaRG cells support HBV infection in vitro, thus resembling cultured primary hepatocytes more than other hepatoma cells. Therefore, extensive characterization of the plasma membrane proteome from HepaRG cells would allow the identification of new cellular factors potentially involved in infection. Here we analyzed the plasma membranes of non-differentiated and differentiated HepaRG cells using nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify the differences between the proteomes and the changes that lead to differentiation of these cells. We followed up on differentially-regulated proteins in hepatocytes- and biliary-like cells, focusing on Cathepsins D and K, Cyclophilin A, Annexin 1/A1, PDI and PDI A4/ERp72. Major differences between the two proteomes were found, including differentially regulated proteins, protein-protein interactions and intracellular localizations following differentiation. The results advance our current understanding of HepaRG differentiation and the unique properties of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Petrareanu
- Department of Viral Glycoproteins, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Enviromental Engineering, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Macovei
- Department of Viral Glycoproteins, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Izabela Sokolowska
- Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Alisa G. Woods
- Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Catalin Lazar
- Department of Viral Glycoproteins, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel L. Radu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Enviromental Engineering, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Norica Branza-Nichita
- Department of Viral Glycoproteins, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail:
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22
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Ceelen L, Lieveld M, Forsyth R, Vinken M. The HepaRG cell line: a valuable in vitro tool for hepatitis virus infection studies. Hepatol Int 2013. [PMID: 26201773 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-013-9428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis virus infections, mainly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, constitute a major problem for public health since they have a worldwide distribution and because they are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Current anti-HBV vaccines seem to be effective in the majority of people. However, an important issue waiting to be tackled nowadays is how to cure patients with chronic hepatitis B. Moreover, no vaccine is available today for the prevention of HCV infection. Therefore, the use of adequate in vitro infection systems is a prerequisite for the molecular understanding of the infection events of these viruses, which could result in the development of novel powerful therapeutics. In this respect, the HepaRG cell line exhibits a hepatocyte-like morphology and displays drug metabolism capacity similar to that of primary hepatocytes. HepaRG cells have yet been proven to be a useful tool in the study of viral infections, particularly for deciphering the mechanism of HBV entry into hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Larsson O, Tian B, Sonenberg N. Toward a genome-wide landscape of translational control. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a012302. [PMID: 23209130 PMCID: PMC3579401 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of translational control has taken strides in recent years owing to the advent of high-throughput technologies, including DNA microarrays and deep sequencing. Global studies have unraveled a principal role, among posttranscriptional mechanisms, for mRNA translation in determining protein levels in the cell. The impact of translational control in dynamic regulation of the proteome under different conditions is increasingly appreciated. Here we review genome-wide studies that use high-throughput techniques and bioinformatics to assess the role of mRNA translation in the regulation of protein levels; we also discuss how genome-wide data on mRNA translation can be obtained, analyzed, and used to identify mechanisms of translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
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24
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Hua M, Zhang W, Li W, Li X, Liu B, Lu X, Zhang H. Molecular mechanisms regulating the establishment of hepatocyte polarity during human hepatic progenitor cell differentiation into a functional hepatocyte-like phenotype. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5800-10. [PMID: 22976305 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct functioning of hepatocytes requires the establishment and maintenance of hepatocyte polarity. However, the mechanisms regulating the generation of hepatocyte polarity are not completely understood. The differentiation of human fetal hepatic progenitor cells (hFHPCs) into functional hepatocytes provides a powerful in vitro model system for studying the molecular mechanisms governing hepatocyte development. In this study, we used a two-stage differentiation protocol to generate functional polarized hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hFHPCs. Global gene expression profiling was performed on triplicate samples of hFHPCs, immature-HLCs and mature-HLCs. When the differential gene expression was compared based on the differentiation stage, a number of genes were identified that might be essential for establishing and maintaining hepatocyte polarity. These genes include those that encode actin filament-binding protein, protein tyrosine kinase activity molecules, and components of signaling pathways, such as PTK7, PARD3, PRKCI and CDC42. Based on known and predicted protein-protein interactions, the candidate genes were assigned to networks and clustered into functional categories. The expression of several of these genes was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR. By inactivating genes using small interfering RNA, we demonstrated that PTK7 and PARD3 promote hepatic polarity formation and affect F-actin organization. These results provide unique insight into the complex process of polarization during hepatocyte differentiation, indicating key genes and signaling molecules governing hepatocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Hua
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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25
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Sawitzky M, Zeissler A, Langhammer M, Bielohuby M, Stock P, Hammon HM, Görs S, Metges CC, Stoehr BJM, Bidlingmaier M, Fromm-Dornieden C, Baumgartner BG, Christ B, Brenig B, Binder G, Metzger F, Renne U, Hoeflich A. Phenotype selection reveals coevolution of muscle glycogen and protein and PTEN as a gate keeper for the accretion of muscle mass in adult female mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39711. [PMID: 22768110 PMCID: PMC3387210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated molecular mechanisms for muscle mass accretion in a non-inbred mouse model (DU6P mice) characterized by extreme muscle mass. This extreme muscle mass was developed during 138 generations of phenotype selection for high protein content. Due to the repeated trait selection a complex setting of different mechanisms was expected to be enriched during the selection experiment. In muscle from 29-week female DU6P mice we have identified robust increases of protein kinase B activation (AKT, Ser-473, up to 2-fold) if compared to 11- and 54-week DU6P mice or controls. While a number of accepted effectors of AKT activation, including IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin/IGF-receptor, myostatin or integrin-linked kinase (ILK), were not correlated with this increase, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was down-regulated in 29-week female DU6P mice. In addition, higher levels of PTEN phosphorylation were found identifying a second mechanism of PTEN inhibition. Inhibition of PTEN and activation of AKT correlated with specific activation of p70S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6, reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and higher rates of protein synthesis in 29-week female DU6P mice. On the other hand, AKT activation also translated into specific inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) and an increase of muscular glycogen. In muscles from 29-week female DU6P mice a significant increase of protein/DNA was identified, which was not due to a reduction of protein breakdown or to specific increases of translation initiation. Instead our data support the conclusion that a higher rate of protein translation is contributing to the higher muscle mass in mid-aged female DU6P mice. Our results further reveal coevolution of high protein and high glycogen content during the selection experiment and identify PTEN as gate keeper for muscle mass in mid-aged female DU6P mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Sawitzky
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetics, Research Unit Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anja Zeissler
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetics, Research Unit Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetics, Research Unit Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bielohuby
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peggy Stock
- ZAMED, Molecular Hepatology, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Harald M. Hammon
- Research Unit Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Solvig Görs
- Research Unit Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Research Unit Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Barbara J. M. Stoehr
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Bruno Christ
- ZAMED, Molecular Hepatology, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University-Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Metzger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CNS Discovery Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulla Renne
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetics, Research Unit Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetics, Research Unit Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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26
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Fromm-Dornieden C, von der Heyde S, Lytovchenko O, Salinas-Riester G, Brenig B, Beissbarth T, Baumgartner BG. Novel polysome messages and changes in translational activity appear after induction of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. BMC Mol Biol 2012; 13:9. [PMID: 22436005 PMCID: PMC3347988 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-13-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Control of translation allows for rapid adaptation of the cell to stimuli, rather than the slower transcriptional control. We presume that translational control is an essential process in the control of adipogenesis, especially in the first hours after hormonal stimulation. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured to confluency and adipogenesis was induced by standard protocols using a hormonal cocktail. Cells were harvested before and 6 hours after hormonal induction. mRNAs attached to ribosomes (polysomal mRNAs) were separated from unbound mRNAs by velocity sedimentation. Pools of polysomal and unbound mRNA fractions were analyzed by microarray analysis. Changes in relative abundance in unbound and polysomal mRNA pools were calculated to detect putative changes in translational activity. Changes of expression levels of selected genes were verified by qPCR and Western blotting. Results We identified 43 genes that shifted towards the polysomal fraction (up-regulated) and 2 genes that shifted towards free mRNA fraction (down-regulated). Interestingly, we found Ghrelin to be down-regulated. Up-regulated genes comprise factors that are nucleic acid binding (eIF4B, HSF1, IRF6, MYC, POLR2a, RPL18, RPL27a, RPL6, RPL7a, RPS18, RPSa, TSC22d3), form part of ribosomes (RPL18, RPL27a, RPL6, RPL7a, RPS18, RPSa), act on the regulation of translation (eIF4B) or transcription (HSF1, IRF6, MYC, TSC22d3). Others act as chaperones (BAG3, HSPA8, HSP90ab1) or in other metabolic or signals transducing processes. Conclusions We conclude that a moderate reorganisation of the functionality of the ribosomal machinery and translational activity are very important steps for growth and gene expression control in the initial phase of adipogenesis.
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Ndongo-Thiam N, Berthillon P, Errazuriz E, Bordes I, De Sequeira S, Trépo C, Petit MA. Long-term propagation of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) with production of enveloped HCV particles in human HepaRG hepatocytes. Hepatology 2011; 54:406-17. [PMID: 21520209 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED HepaRG human liver progenitor cells exhibit morphology and functionality of adult hepatocytes. We investigated the susceptibility of HepaRG hepatocytes to in vitro infection with serum-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles (HCVsp) and the potential neutralizing activity of the E1E2-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) D32.10. The infection was performed using HCVsp when the cells actively divided at day 3 postplating. HCV RNA, E1E2, and core antigens were quantified in HCV particles recovered from culture supernatants of differentiated cells for up to 66 days. The density distributions of particles were analyzed on iodixanol or sucrose gradients. Electron microscopy (EM) and immune-EM studies were performed for ultrastructural analysis of cells and localization of HCV E1E2 proteins in thin sections. HCV infection of HepaRG cells was documented by increasing production of E1E2-core-RNA(+) HCV particles from day 21 to day 63. Infectious particles sedimented between 1.06 and 1.12 g/mL in iodixanol gradients. E1E2 and core antigens were expressed in 50% of HCV-infected cells at day 31. The D32.10 mAb strongly inhibited HCV RNA production in HepaRG culture supernatants. Infected HepaRG cells frozen at day 56 were reseeded at low density. After only 1-3 subcultures and induction of a cell differentiation process the HepaRG cells produced high titer HCV RNA and thus showed to be sustainably infected. Apolipoprotein B-associated empty E1E2 and complete HCV particles were secreted. Characteristic virus-induced intracellular membrane changes and E1E2 protein-association to vesicles were observed. CONCLUSION HepaRG progenitor cells permit HCVsp infection. Differentiated HepaRG cells support long-term production of infectious lipoprotein-associated enveloped HCV particles. The E1E2-specific D32.10 mAb neutralizes the infection and this cellular model could be used as a surrogate infection system for the screening of entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndiémé Ndongo-Thiam
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Service d'Hépatologie et de Gastroentérologie, Lyon, France
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Identification of differential translation in genome wide studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21487-92. [PMID: 21115840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006821107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression through translational control is a fundamental mechanism implicated in many biological processes ranging from memory formation to innate immunity and whose dysregulation contributes to human diseases. Genome wide analyses of translational control strive to identify differential translation independent of cytosolic mRNA levels. For this reason, most studies measure genes' translation levels as log ratios (translation levels divided by corresponding cytosolic mRNA levels obtained in parallel). Counterintuitively, arising from a mathematical necessity, these log ratios tend to be highly correlated with the cytosolic mRNA levels. Accordingly, they do not effectively correct for cytosolic mRNA level and generate substantial numbers of biological false positives and false negatives. We show that analysis of partial variance, which produces estimates of translational activity that are independent of cytosolic mRNA levels, is a superior alternative. When combined with a variance shrinkage method for estimating error variance, analysis of partial variance has the additional benefit of having greater statistical power and identifying fewer genes as translationally regulated resulting merely from unrealistically low variance estimates rather than from large changes in translational activity. In contrast to log ratios, this formal analytical approach estimates translation effects in a statistically rigorous manner, eliminates the need for inefficient and error-prone heuristics, and produces results that agree with biological function. The method is applicable to datasets obtained from both the commonly used polysome microarray method and the sequencing-based ribosome profiling method.
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Jiang L, Li J, Lan L, Wang Y, Mao Q, You J. Human Hepatoma HepaRG Cell Line Engraftment in Severe Combined Immunodeficient × Beige Mice Using Mouse-Specific Anti-Fas Antibody. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3773-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Marion MJ, Hantz O, Durantel D. The HepaRG cell line: biological properties and relevance as a tool for cell biology, drug metabolism, and virology studies. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 640:261-72. [PMID: 20645056 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-688-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells may play an important role in carcinogenesis in vivo and represent therefore useful cellular materials for in vitro studies. The HepaRG cell line, which is a human bipotent progenitor cell line capable to differentiate toward two different cell phenotypes (i.e., biliary-like and hepatocyte-like cells), has been established from a liver tumor associated with chronic hepatitis C. This cell line represents a valuable alternative to ex vivo cultivated primary human hepatocytes (PHH), as HepaRG cells share some features and properties with adult hepatocytes. The cell line is particularly useful to evaluate drugs and perform drug metabolism studies, as many detoxifying enzymes are expressed and functional. It is also an interesting tool to study some aspect of progenitor biology (e.g., differentiation process), carcinogenesis, and the infection by some pathogens for which the cell line is permissive (e.g., HBV infection). Overall, this chapter gives a concise overview of the biological properties and potential applications of this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jeanne Marion
- INSERM U871, Molecular physiopathology and new treatments of viral hepatitis, Lyon, France
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Ceppi M, Clavarino G, Gatti E, Schmidt EK, de Gassart A, Blankenship D, Ogola G, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D, Pierre P. Ribosomal protein mRNAs are translationally-regulated during human dendritic cells activation by LPS. Immunome Res 2009; 5:5. [PMID: 19943945 PMCID: PMC2788525 DOI: 10.1186/1745-7580-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the mammalian immune system, characterized by a complex maturation process driven by pathogen detection. Although multiple studies have described the analysis of activated DCs by transcriptional profiling, recent findings indicate that mRNAs are also regulated at the translational level. A systematic analysis of the mRNAs being translationally regulated at various stages of DC activation was performed using translational profiling, which combines sucrose gradient fractionation of polysomal-bound mRNAs with DNA microarray analysis. RESULTS Total and polysomal-bound mRNA populations purified from immature, 4 h and 16 h LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs were analyzed on Affymetrix microarrays U133 2.0. A group of 375 transcripts was identified as translationally regulated during DC-activation. In addition to several biochemical pathways related to immunity, the most statistically relevant biological function identified among the translationally regulated mRNAs was protein biosynthesis itself. We singled-out a cluster of 11 large ribosome proteins mRNAs, which are disengaged from polysomes at late time of maturation, suggesting the existence of a negative feedback loop regulating translation in DCs and linking ribosomal proteins to immuno-modulatory function. CONCLUSION Our observations highlight the importance of translation regulation during the immune response, and may favor the identification of novel protein networks relevant for immunity. Our study also provides information on the potential absence of correlation between gene expression and protein production for specific mRNA molecules present in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ceppi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
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Hantz O, Parent R, Durantel D, Gripon P, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Zoulim F. Persistence of the hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in HepaRG human hepatocyte-like cells. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:127-35. [PMID: 19088281 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.004861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently described hepatic cell line HepaRG is the sole hepatoma cell line susceptible to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It provides a unique tool for investigating some unresolved issues of the virus' biology, particularly the formation of the viral mini-chromosome believed to be responsible for the persistence of infection. In this study, we characterized the main features of HBV infection: it is restricted to a subpopulation of differentiated hepatocyte-like cells that express albumin as a functional marker and represents around 10 % of all differentiated HepaRG cells. Infection may persist for more than 100 days in cells maintained at the differentiated state. Even though infected cells continued to produce infectious viral particles, very limited or no spreading of infection was observed. Low genetic variation was also observed in the viral DNA from viruses found in the supernatant of infected cells, although this cannot explain the lack of reinfection. HBV infection of HepaRG cells appears to be a very slow process: viral replication starts at around day 8 post-infection and reaches a maximum at day 13. Analysis of viral DNA showed slow and inefficient conversion of the input relaxed circular DNA into covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA, but no further amplification. Continuous lamivudine treatment inhibited viral replication, but neither prevented viral infection nor initial formation of CCC DNA. In conclusion, HBV infection in differentiated HepaRG cells is characterized by long-term persistence without a key feature of hepadnaviruses, the so-called 'CCC DNA amplification' described in the duck hepatitis B model.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hantz
- INSERM, U871, 69003 Lyon, France.
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