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Sciaccotta R, Gangemi S, Penna G, Giordano L, Pioggia G, Allegra A. Potential New Therapies "ROS-Based" in CLL: An Innovative Paradigm in the Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:475. [PMID: 38671922 PMCID: PMC11047475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in spite of recent advancements, is still an incurable disease; the majority of patients eventually acquire resistance to treatment through relapses. In all subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the disruption of normal B-cell homeostasis is thought to be mostly caused by the absence of apoptosis. Consequently, apoptosis induction is crucial to the management of this illness. Damaged biological components can accumulate as a result of the oxidation of intracellular lipids, proteins, and DNA by reactive oxygen species. It is possible that cancer cells are more susceptible to apoptosis because of their increased production of reactive oxygen species. An excess of reactive oxygen species can lead to oxidative stress, which can harm biological elements like DNA and trigger apoptotic pathways that cause planned cell death. In order to upset the balance of oxidative stress in cells, recent therapeutic treatments in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have focused on either producing reactive oxygen species or inhibiting it. Examples include targets created in the field of nanomedicine, natural extracts and nutraceuticals, tailored therapy using biomarkers, and metabolic targets. Current developments in the complex connection between apoptosis, particularly ferroptosis and its involvement in epigenomics and alterations, have created a new paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Sciaccotta
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppa Penna
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Giordano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
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2
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Karwicka K, Jankowska-Łęcka O, Hus M. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection as the basis of neoplasm development. Transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia to NK-cell lymphoma/leukaemia was observed by flow cytometry - a diagnostic report. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:257-266. [PMID: 37901865 PMCID: PMC10604644 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.130865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The case report presents a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia that was diagnosed in 2006 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In September 2010, the patient was admitted to the Department of Haematology in Poland due to progression of the underlying disease. The clinical problem during treatment was the suspicion of Richter's transformation into another, more aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The diagnosis was based on the peripheral blood immunophenotype. The patient was diagnosed with an immunoglobulin deficiency. Unfortunately, repeated examinations did not confirm the transformation hypothesis, despite the increasing symptoms. The patient was treated with various therapeutic regimens until May 2021, when an increased number of NK cells was diagnosed in the peripheral blood. NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease was finally diagnosed de novo. Nevertheless, it was found that the patient had active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The suspected NK-cell lymphoma/leukaemia was most likely a complication of the active EBV infection and severe immunodeficiency state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Karwicka
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Olga Jankowska-Łęcka
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Hus
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Zhang W, Long J, Tang P, Chen K, Guo G, Yu Z, Lin J, Liu L, Zhan R, Xu Z. SYT7 regulates the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia through interacting and regulating KNTC1. Biomark Res 2023; 11:58. [PMID: 37280656 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most frequent occurring types of leukemia. It typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. At present, the molecular mechanism driving the pathogenesis and progression of CLL is not fully understood. The protein Synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7) encoded by the SYT7 gene has been found to be closely related to the development of various solid tumors, but its role in CLL is unclear. In this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of SYT7 in CLL. METHODS The expression level of SYT7 in CLL was determined by immunohistochemical staining and qPCR. The role of SYT7 in promoting CLL development was verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The molecular mechanism of SYT7 in CLL was elucidated by methods such as GeneChip analysis and Co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Malignant behaviors such as proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis of CLL cells were significantly inhibited after SYT7 gene knockdown. In contrast, SYT7 overexpression promoted CLL development in vitro. Consistently, the knockdown of SYT7 also inhibited xenograft tumor growth of CLL cells. Mechanistically, SYT7 promoted CLL development by inhibiting SYVN1-mediated KNTC1 ubiquitination. The KNTC1 knockdown also attenuated the effects of SYT7 overexpression on development of CLL. CONCLUSIONS SYT7 regulates the progression of CLL through SYVN1-mediated KNTC1 ubiquitination, which has potential value for molecular targeted therapy of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jinlan Long
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Peixia Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Guangyao Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zezhong Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Rong Zhan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Rd, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Tannoury M, Garnier D, Susin SA, Bauvois B. Current Status of Novel Agents for the Treatment of B Cell Malignancies: What's Coming Next? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6026. [PMID: 36551511 PMCID: PMC9775488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to death is one of the hallmarks of human B cell malignancies and often contributes to the lack of a lasting response to today's commonly used treatments. Drug discovery approaches designed to activate the death machinery have generated a large number of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins from the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 family and the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Orally administered small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 protein and BCR partners (e.g., Bruton's tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase) have already been included (as monotherapies or combination therapies) in the standard of care for selected B cell malignancies. Agonistic monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives (antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-radioisotope conjugates, bispecific T cell engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells) targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs, such as CD19, CD20, CD22, and CD38) are indicated for treatment (as monotherapies or combination therapies) of patients with B cell tumors. However, given that some patients are either refractory to current therapies or relapse after treatment, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Here, we review current strategies for managing B cell malignancies, with a focus on the ongoing clinical development of more effective, selective drugs targeting these molecules, as well as other TAAs and signaling proteins. The observed impact of metabolic reprogramming on B cell pathophysiology highlights the promise of targeting metabolic checkpoints in the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France
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Yin Y, Athanasiadis P, Karlsen L, Urban A, Xu H, Murali I, Fernandes SM, Arribas AJ, Hilli AK, Taskén K, Bertoni F, Mato AR, Normant E, Brown JR, Tjønnfjord GE, Aittokallio T, Skånland SS. Functional Testing to Characterize and Stratify PI3K Inhibitor Responses in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4444-4455. [PMID: 35998013 PMCID: PMC9588626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) are approved for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although patients may show an initial response to these therapies, development of treatment intolerance or resistance remain clinical challenges. To overcome these, prediction of individual treatment responses based on actionable biomarkers is needed. Here, we characterized the activity and cellular effects of 10 PI3Ki and investigated whether functional analyses can identify treatment vulnerabilities in PI3Ki-refractory/intolerant CLL and stratify responders to PI3Ki. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (n = 51 in total) from treatment-naïve and PI3Ki-treated patients with CLL were studied. Cells were profiled against 10 PI3Ki and the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax. Cell signaling and immune phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability was monitored by detection of cleaved caspase-3 and the CellTiter-Glo assay. RESULTS pan-PI3Kis were most effective at inhibiting PI3K signaling and cell viability, and showed activity in CLL cells from both treatment-naïve and idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients. CLL cells from idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients showed overall reduced protein phosphorylation levels. The pan-PI3Ki copanlisib, but not the p110δ inhibitor idelalisib, inhibited PI3K signaling in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to CD19+ B cells, but did not significantly affect T-cell numbers. Combination treatment with a PI3Ki and venetoclax resulted in synergistic induction of apoptosis. Analysis of drug sensitivities to 73 drug combinations and profiling of 31 proteins stratified responders to idelalisib and umbralisib, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest novel treatment vulnerabilities in idelalisib-refractory/intolerant CLL, and indicate that ex vivo functional profiling may stratify PI3Ki responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paschalis Athanasiadis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Karlsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ishwarya Murali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto J. Arribas
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdul K. Hilli
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geir E. Tjønnfjord
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Integrin Signaling Shaping BTK-Inhibitor Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142235. [PMID: 35883678 PMCID: PMC9322986 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are adhesion molecules that function as anchors in retaining tumor cells in supportive tissues and facilitating metastasis. Beta1 integrins are known to contribute to cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance in cancer. Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), a CD49d/CD29 heterodimer, is a beta1 integrin implicated in therapy resistance in both solid tumors and haematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A complex inside-out signaling mechanism activates VLA-4, which might include several therapeutic targets for CLL. Treatment regimens for this disease have recently shifted towards novel agents targeting BCR signaling. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a component of B cell receptor signaling and BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib are highly successful; however, their limitations include indefinite drug administration, the development of therapy resistance, and toxicities. VLA-4 might be activated independently of BTK, resulting in an ongoing interaction of CD49d-expressing leukemic cells with their surrounding tissue, which may reduce the success of therapy with BTK inhibitors and increases the need for alternative therapies. In this context, we discuss the inside-out signaling cascade culminating in VLA-4 activation, consider the advantages and disadvantages of BTK inhibitors in CLL and elucidate the mechanisms behind cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance.
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Marlin A, Le Pape F, Le Goff J, Hamon N, Troadec T, Tripier R, Berthou C, Patinec V. New Triazacycloalkane Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents for CLL Treatment: From Proof of Concept to the Targeting Biomolecule. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1377-1392. [PMID: 35709513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4,7-tris-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligand (no3py) and its bifunctional analogue no3pyCOOK were synthesized to investigate their action toward zinc(II) depletion related to the apoptosis phenomenon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. no3py was used as the "free" ligand, while its "graftable" derivative was conjugated on a newly synthesized bifunctional sialoglycan, 6'-SL-NH2, selected to specifically bind CD22 biomarker expressed on the B-CLL cell surface. Both compounds were produced with good yields thanks to a Sonogashira coupling reaction and an orthoester function, respectively, for the chelator and the targeting moiety. The newly reported bioconjugate 6'-SL-no3py was then obtained through a peptidic coupling reaction. Biological in vitro studies of no3py and 6'-SL-no3py consisting of real-time detection of cell health (cytotoxicity and proliferation) and caspases 3/7 activation (crucial enzymes whose activation triggers cell death signaling pathways) have been investigated. First, Ramos, Daudi, and Raji B-cell lines, which present different sensitivity to zinc(II) content variation, were incubated with no3py and 6'-SL-no3py. Then, a videomicroscope allowed the real-time monitoring of the morphological changes leading to cell death from the detection of the cytotoxicity, the antiproliferative effect, and the caspasic activity. In terms of mechanism, the Zn2+ chelator cytotoxic effect of no3py has been evidenced by a culture medium ion supplementation study and by the decrease of intracellular fluorescence of Zn-specific fluorophore zinquin in the presence of no3py and 6'-SL-no3py chelators. Finally, flow cytometry analysis with classical Annexin V staining was conducted to detect no3py- and 6'-SL-no3py-induced apoptotic cell death in B-CLL cells. Time-course analysis, using the Incucyte Live-Cell Analysis System, demonstrated that no3py induced cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner with variability across cell lines. 6'-SL-no3py exhibited the same dose-dependent trend as no3py, showing the efficiency of the targeting moiety. In both cases, the chelators depicted proliferation curves that were inversely correlated with kinetic death. Morphological changes specific to apoptosis and caspase 3/7 activation were observed for the three cell lines treated with no3py and 6'-SL-no3py, highlighting their role as apoptotic agents. A higher concentration of 6'-SL-no3py is needed to reach 50% of the B-CLL mortality, confirming a targeting of the chelator to the cell membrane. Overall, our results proved that the biological properties of the triazamacrocyclic chelator still remain even after addition of the targeting moiety. The free chelator as well as the bioconjugate constitute promising cytotoxic agents for CLL therapy through apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axia Marlin
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Fiona Le Pape
- Univ. Brest, UMR-INSERM 1227 LBAI, 5 Avenue Foch, CHU Morvan, BP 824, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Jocelyn Le Goff
- Univ. Brest, UMR-INSERM 1227 LBAI, 5 Avenue Foch, CHU Morvan, BP 824, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Nadège Hamon
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Thibault Troadec
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Christian Berthou
- Univ. Brest, UMR-INSERM 1227 LBAI, 5 Avenue Foch, CHU Morvan, BP 824, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Véronique Patinec
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111812. [PMID: 35681507 PMCID: PMC9180032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders.
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Guo Y, Pei H, Lu B, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wu F, Sun H, Huang J, Li P, Yi C, Zhu C, Pan Y, Wu S, Chen C, Xu X, Chen Y. Aberrantly expressed Wnt5a in nurse-like cells drives resistance to Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:82. [PMID: 35210425 PMCID: PMC8873424 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes with high levels of Wnt5a in the plasma. Currently, the cell source of Wnt5a remains controversial. The receptor of Wnt5a is ROR1, whose expression is associated with disease progression and resistance to venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of CLL. In this study, we found that the levels of Wnt5a in the plasma of CLL patients were positively correlated with absolute monocyte counts, but not lymphocyte counts. We cultured monocyte-derived nurse-like cells (NLCs) from patients with CLL, and detected Wnt5a expressed in NLCs. Flow cytometry and transwell assays showed that the antibody neutralizing Wnt5a inhibited the enhanced survival and migration in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. Furthermore, we performed a drug screening with CLL cells cultured with or without NLCs with a library containing 133 FDA-approved oncology drugs by using high-throughput flow cytometry. We observed a significant resistance to venetoclax in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. Immunoblot revealed the activation of NF-κB with enhanced expression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. Neutralizing Wnt5a or blocking NF-κB pathway significantly decreased the expression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL, which leads to enhanced sensitivity to venetoclax in CLL cells co-cultured with NLCs. In conclusion, our data showed that NLCs could be one of the sources of Wnt5a detected in patients with CLL, and Wnt5a-induced NF-κB activation in the CLL microenvironment results in resistance to venetoclax in CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanzhong Pei
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuqun Wu
- Clinical laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Clinical laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunjie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Gamaleldin M, Moussa M, Eldin Imbaby S. Role of interleukin-10 (1082G/A) and splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (2098A/G) gene polymorphisms in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. JOURNAL OF APPLIED HEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_93_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Mosejová E, Bosnjakovic R, Kubala L, Vašíček O. Pseurotin D Induces Apoptosis through Targeting Redox Sensitive Pathways in Human Lymphoid Leukemia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101576. [PMID: 34679711 PMCID: PMC8533295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent lymphoid malignancy in many geographical regions of the world. Pseurotin D, a secondary metabolite of fungi, represents a group of bioactive natural products with a newly ascribed range of interesting biological activities. The purpose of this study was to bring new insights into the mechanism behind the effects of pseurotin D on MEC-1 cells as a representative CLL cell line, with a particular focus on selected signaling pathways important in the proliferation of cells and targeting mitochondrial metabolism. Our results showed that pseurotin D was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of MEC-1 cells and arrested them in the G2/M cell cycle phase. In addition, pseurotin D was able to induce apoptosis. We found that all of these effects were associated with a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). We showed for the first time that pseurotin D suppresses MEC-1 cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death via induction of the collapse of the mitochondria respiratory chain and the ROS-related caspase pathway. Our results show the pseurotins family as promising compounds which could serve as a basis for the development of new compounds in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mosejová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Rebeka Bosnjakovic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.M.); (R.B.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-517-207
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12
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Resistance to Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: The Achilles Heel of Their Success Story in Lymphoid Malignancies. Blood 2021; 138:1099-1109. [PMID: 34320163 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have significantly changed the treatment landscape for patients with B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). Unfortunately, patients with BTKi resistant disease have shortened survival. Clinical and molecular risk factors, such as number of prior therapies and presence of TP53 mutations, can be used to predict patients at the highest risk of developing BTKi resistance. Many mechanisms of BTKi resistance have been reported with mutations in BTK and phospholipase C g 2 supported with the most data. The introduction of venetoclax has lengthened the survival of patients with BTKi resistant disease. Ongoing clinical trials with promising treatment modalities such as next-generation BTKi and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy have reported promising efficacy in patients with BTKi resistant disease. Continued research focusing on resistance mechanisms and methods of how to circumvent resistance is needed to further prolong the survival of patients with BTKi resistant B-cell malignancies.
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13
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Griffen TL, Dammer EB, Dill CD, Carey KM, Young CD, Nunez SK, Ohandjo AQ, Kornblau SM, Lillard JW. Multivariate transcriptome analysis identifies networks and key drivers of chronic lymphocytic leukemia relapse risk and patient survival. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:171. [PMID: 34187466 PMCID: PMC8243588 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent heme malignancy characterized by the accumulation of CD5+ CD19+ B cells and episodes of relapse. The biological signaling that influence episodes of relapse in CLL are not fully described. Here, we identify gene networks associated with CLL relapse and survival risk. Methods Networks were investigated by using a novel weighted gene network co-expression analysis method and examining overrepresentation of upstream regulators and signaling pathways within co-expressed transcriptome modules across clinically annotated transcriptomes from CLL patients (N = 203). Gene Ontology analysis was used to identify biological functions overrepresented in each module. Differential Expression of modules and individual genes was assessed using an ANOVA (Binet Stage A and B relapsed patients) or T-test (SF3B1 mutations). The clinical relevance of biomarker candidates was evaluated using log-rank Kaplan Meier (survival and relapse interval) and ROC tests. Results Eight distinct modules (M2, M3, M4, M7, M9, M10, M11, M13) were significantly correlated with relapse and differentially expressed between relapsed and non-relapsed Binet Stage A CLL patients. The biological functions of modules positively correlated with relapse were carbohydrate and mRNA metabolism, whereas negatively correlated modules to relapse were protein translation associated. Additionally, M1, M3, M7, and M13 modules negatively correlated with overall survival. CLL biomarkers BTK, BCL2, and TP53 were co-expressed, while unmutated IGHV biomarker ZAP70 and cell survival-associated NOTCH1 were co-expressed in modules positively correlated with relapse and negatively correlated with survival days. Conclusions This study provides novel insights into CLL relapse biology and pathways associated with known and novel biomarkers for relapse and overall survival. The modules associated with relapse and overall survival represented both known and novel pathways associated with CLL pathogenesis and can be a resource for the CLL research community. The hub genes of these modules, e.g., ARHGAP27P2, C1S, CASC2, CLEC3B, CRY1, CXCR5, FUT5, MID1IP1, and URAHP, can be studied further as new therapeutic targets or clinical markers to predict CLL patient outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01012-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti'ara L Griffen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Courtney D Dill
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Kaylin M Carey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Corey D Young
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Sha'Kayla K Nunez
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Adaugo Q Ohandjo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James W Lillard
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, HG 341B, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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14
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cell subtypes differentially influence T-cell function, T-helper subset differentiation, and clinical course in CLL. Leukemia 2021; 35:3163-3175. [PMID: 33935280 PMCID: PMC8550941 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer pathogenesis involves the interplay of tumor- and microenvironment-derived stimuli. Here we focused on the influence of an immunomodulatory cell type, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and their lineage-related subtypes on autologous T lymphocytes. Although MDSCs as a group correlated with an immunosuppressive Th repertoire and worse clinical course, MDSC subtypes (polymorphonuclear, PMN-MDSC, and monocytic, M-MDSCs) were often functionally discordant. In vivo, PMN-MDSCs existed in higher numbers, correlated with different Th-subsets, and more strongly associated with poor clinical course than M-MDSCs. In vitro, PMN-MDSCs were more efficient at blocking T-cell growth and promoted Th17 differentiation. Conversely, in vitro M-MDSCs varied in their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation, due to the action of TNFα, and promoted a more immunostimulatory Th compartment. Ibrutinib therapy impacted MDSCs differentially as well, since after initiating therapy, PMN-MDSC numbers progressively declined, whereas M-MDSC numbers were unaffected, leading to a set of less immunosuppressive Th cells. Consistent with this, clinical improvement based on decreasing CLL-cell numbers correlated with the decrease in PMN-MDSCs. Collectively, the data support a balance between PMN-MDSC and M-MDSC numbers and function influencing CLL disease course.
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15
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Rohrbacher L, Brauchle B, Ogrinc Wagner A, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Bücklein VL, Subklewe M. The PI3K∂-Selective Inhibitor Idelalisib Induces T- and NK-Cell Dysfunction Independently of B-Cell Malignancy-Associated Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:608625. [PMID: 33790890 PMCID: PMC8005712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptors, multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, and downstream effectors are constitutively active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. Activation of these pathways results in resistance to apoptosis and enhanced survival of the leukemic cells. Idelalisib is a highly selective inhibitor of the PI3K p110∂ isoform and is approved for the treatment of CLL in patients with relapsed/refractory disease or in those harboring 17p deletions or tp53 mutations. Despite the initial excitement centered around high response rates in clinical trials of idelalisib, its therapeutic success has been hindered by the incidence of severe opportunistic infections. To examine the potential contribution of idelalisib to the increased risk of infection, we investigated the effects of idelalisib on the immune cell compartments of healthy donors (HDs) and CLL patients. PI3K∂ blockade by idelalisib reduced the expression levels of inhibitory checkpoint molecules in T cells isolated from both HDs and CLL patients. In addition, the presence of idelalisib in cultures significantly decreased T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and granzyme B secretion, as well as cytokine secretion levels in both cohorts. Furthermore, idelalisib reduced the proliferation and cytotoxicity of HD NK cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that both human T and NK cells are highly sensitive to PI3K∂ inhibition. Idelalisib interfered with the functions of T and NK cell cells from both HDs and CLL patients. Therefore, idelalisib might contribute to an increased risk of infections regardless of the underlying B-cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rohrbacher
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Brauchle
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Ogrinc Wagner
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit L Bücklein
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Bagheri M, Khansarinejad B, Mosayebi G, Moradabadi A, Mondanizadeh M. Diagnostic Value of Plasma miR-145 and miR-185 as Targeting of the APRIL Oncogene in the B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:111-117. [PMID: 33507687 PMCID: PMC8184163 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancy in adults worldwide. This cancer has a poor prognosis at different stages. So, the identification of new biomarkers is important for diagnosis of B-CLL. Considering the oncogenic role of APRIL molecule in this leukemia as well as the regulatory role of miRNAs in different signaling pathways, the present study evaluated the miRNAs targeting APRIL gene in B-CLL. Methods: The miRNAs were predicted and selected using bioinformatics algorithms. A total of 80 plasma samples were subjected to RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA. The expressions levels of predicted miRNAs and APRIL gene in plasma of B-CLL patients and healthy individuals were assessed by Real time PCR analysis. ROC analysis was performed to investigate the role predicted miRNAs as novel biomarkers in diagnosis of B-CLL. Results: The results of the prediction showed that miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p target the APRIL gene. The expression level of APRIL gene was strikingly higher in plasma of B-CLL patients than in the healthy individuals (102, P= 0.001). On the other hand, expression levels of miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p were strikingly lower in B-CLL patients than in the healthy individuals (0.07, P= 0.001) (0.29, P= 0.001). Also, ROC curve analyses demonstrated that miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p are specific and sensitive and may serve as new biomarkers for the detection of B-CLL. (AUC; 0.95, sensitivity; %90) (AUC; 0.87, sensitivity; %63). Conclusion: These data suggest that miR-145-5p and miR-185-5p target the APRIL gene and might have a role in diagnosis of B-CLL. Therefore, these two miRNAs can be served as a novel and potential biomarker for detection of B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Behzad Khansarinejad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradabadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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17
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Nabergoj S, Markovič T, Avsec D, Gobec M, Podgornik H, Jakopin Ž, Mlinarič-Raščan I. EP4 receptor agonist L-902688 augments cytotoxic activities of ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114352. [PMID: 33278351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has significantly improved more recently with the approval of several new agents, including ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax. Despite the outstanding efficacies observed with these agents, these treatments are sometimes discontinued due to toxicity, unresponsiveness, transformation of the disease and/or resistance. Constitutive NF-κB activation that protects CLL cells from apoptotic stimuli represents one of molecular mechanisms that underlie the emergence of drug resistance. As prostaglandin E (EP)4 receptor agonists have been shown to successfully inhibit the NF-κB pathway in B-cell lymphoma cells, we investigated the potential of the highly specific EP4 receptor agonist L-902688 for the potential treatment of patients with CLL. We show here that low micromolar concentrations of L-902688 can indeed induce selective cytotoxicity towards several B-cell malignancies, including CLL. Moreover, L-902688-mediated activation of the EP4 receptor in patient derived CLL cells resulted in inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Most importantly, we show for the first time that in combination with ibrutinib, idelalisib, or venetoclax, L-902688 induces synergistic cytotoxic activity against patient derived CLL cells. To conclude, the modulation of NF-κB activity by EP4 receptor agonists represents an innovative approach to improve the treatment of patients with CLL. In particular, EP4 receptor agonists appear to represent promising adjuncts to the already existing therapies for patients with CLL due to these promising synergistic activities.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/administration & dosage
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Purines/administration & dosage
- Pyrrolidinones/administration & dosage
- Quinazolinones/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Tetrazoles/administration & dosage
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Nabergoj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tijana Markovič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Avsec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Podgornik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Haematology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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18
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Skånland SS, Karlsen L, Taskén K. B cell signalling pathways-New targets for precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12931. [PMID: 32640099 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) is a master regulator of B cells, controlling cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and survival. Cell signalling downstream of the BCR is aberrantly activated in the B cell malignancy chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), supporting the pathophysiology of the disease. This insight has led to development and approval of small molecule inhibitors that target components of the BCR pathway. These advances have greatly improved the management of CLL, but the disease remains incurable. This may partly be explained by the inter-patient heterogeneity of the disease, also when it comes to treatment responses. Precision medicine is therefore required to optimize treatment and move towards a cure. Here, we discuss how the introduction of BCR signalling inhibitors has facilitated the development of functional in vitro assays to guide clinical treatment decisions on use of the same therapeutic agents in individual patients. The cellular responses to these agents can be analysed in high-throughput assays such as dynamic BH3 profiling, phospho flow experiments and drug sensitivity screens to identify predictive biomarkers. This progress exemplifies the positive synergy between basal and translational research needed to optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Karlsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Association of Common Variants of TNFSF13 and TNFRSF13B Genes with CLL Risk and Clinical Picture, as Well as Expression of Their Products-APRIL and TACI Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102873. [PMID: 33036273 PMCID: PMC7601931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between APRIL (TNFSF13) and its receptor TACI (TNFRSF13B) are implicated in providing survival benefits for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. Here we explored the relationship between TNFSF13 and TNFRSF13B SNPs and expression of APRIL and TACI molecules and performed extended case-control study to evaluate earlier observations. Expression of APRIL and TACI was detected by FACS for 72 and 145 patients, respectively, and soluble APRIL was measured by ELISA in plasma of 122 patients. Genotypes were determined in 439 CLL patients and 477 control subjects with TaqMan Assays or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The rs4968210GG genotype of TNFSF13 was associated with a lower percentage of CD19+APRIL+ cells in CLL patients when compared to (AA + GA) genotypes (p-value = 0.027). Homozygosity at rs11078355 TNFRSF13B was associated with higher CD19+ TACI+ cell percentage in CLL patients (p-value = 0.036). The analysis of extended groups of patients and healthy controls confirmed the association of TNFSF13 rs3803800AA genotype with a higher CLL risk (OR = 2.13; CI95% = 1.21; 3.75; p-value = 0.007), while the possession of TNFRSF13B rs4985726G allele (CG + GG) genotype was associated with lower risk of CLL (OR = 0.69; CI95% = 0.51; 0.95; p-value = 0.02). Genetic variants of TNFSF13 and TNFRSF13B may have an impact on APRIL and TACI expression and may be considered as possible CLL risk factors.
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20
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Stephens DM, Byrd JC. Next-Generation Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:2937-2940. [PMID: 32673168 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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21
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Smolewski P, Rydygier D. Efficacy and safety of idelalisib for the treatment of indolent B-cell malignancies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1915-1926. [PMID: 32686971 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1791083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outcome of patients with lymphoid malignancies has markedly improved in recent years due to the implementation of new therapeutic options. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are characterized by the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) pathway via B-cell receptor signaling. The PI3 K delta (PI3 Kδ) p110δ isoform inhibitor, idelalisib, showed high anti-tumor activity in this group of tumors. It was the first agent from a new class of isoform-specific inhibitors to receive regulatory approvals for the treatment of refractory/relapsed CLL, as well as small lymphocytic lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. AREAS COVERED In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the activity and safety profile of idelalisib and other, newly developed PI3 K inhibitors in patients with indolent B-cell malignancies. EXPERT OPINION Idelalisib is a very potent anti-lymphoma agent in CLL and other NHL. However, there are some limitations of its broad clinical use according to some important side effects observed during treatment. Consequently, the development of new PI3 K inhibitors, which will be highly active and possess better safety profiles are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Smolewski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Rydygier
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The treatment landscape of treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (TN-CLL) is rapidly evolving. As more and more new drugs and combinations are becoming part of therapeutic armamentarium, it becomes highly pertinent to understand the evidence for each of the treatment options to select the right drug for the right patient. We summarize the recent data of the available frontline treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS The novel agents can overcome adverse biological attributes and provide long-term disease control. MRD may become a reliable surrogate for survival in the evaluation of future therapies. FCR still remains one of the best options in a young fit CLL with mutated IGVH. Long-term follow-up data of ibrutinib confirm its efficacy and safety in both high-risk and elderly TN-CLL patients. A combination of venetoclax with obinutuzumab has provided the hope of fixed-duration therapy and the potential for functional cure in TN-CLL. Several other trials testing the efficacy of other targeted agents and the optimal sequencing approaches are underway. Chemoimmunotherapy holds its ground as an effective treatment in the IGVH-mutated CLL. The targeted agents either singly or in combination have become standard of care in many subsets of TN-CLL.
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Giudice V, Mensitieri F, Izzo V, Filippelli A, Selleri C. Aptamers and Antisense Oligonucleotides for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093252. [PMID: 32375354 PMCID: PMC7246934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers or chemical antibodies are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that bind proteins and small molecules with high affinity and specificity by recognizing tertiary or quaternary structures as antibodies. Aptamers can be easily produced in vitro through a process known as systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) or a cell-based SELEX procedure. Aptamers and modified aptamers, such as slow, off-rate, modified aptamers (SOMAmers), can bind to target molecules with less polar and more hydrophobic interactions showing slower dissociation rates, higher stability, and resistance to nuclease degradation. Aptamers and SOMAmers are largely employed for multiplex high-throughput proteomics analysis with high reproducibility and reliability, for tumor cell detection by flow cytometry or microscopy for research and clinical purposes. In addition, aptamers are increasingly used for novel drug delivery systems specifically targeting tumor cells, and as new anticancer molecules. In this review, we summarize current preclinical and clinical applications of aptamers in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-89965116
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.); (A.F.); (C.S.)
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Tibaldi E, Federti E, Matte A, Iatcenko I, Wilson AB, Riccardi V, Pagano MA, De Franceschi L. Oxidation Impacts the Intracellular Signaling Machinery in Hematological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040353. [PMID: 32344529 PMCID: PMC7222375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic coordination between kinases and phosphatases is crucial for cell homeostasis, in response to different stresses. The functional connection between oxidation and the intracellular signaling machinery still remains to be investigated. In the last decade, several studies have highlighted the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as modulators directly targeting kinases, phosphatases, and downstream modulators, or indirectly acting on cysteine residues on kinases/phosphatases resulting in protein conformational changes with modulation of intracellular signaling pathway(s). Translational studies have revealed the important link between oxidation and signal transduction pathways in hematological disorders. The intricate nature of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms, based on the generation of complex networks of different types of signaling proteins, revealed the novel and important role of phosphatases together with kinases in disease mechanisms. Thus, therapeutic approaches to abnormal signal transduction pathways should consider either inhibition of overactivated/accumulated kinases or homeostatic signaling resetting through the activation of phosphatases. This review discusses the progress in the knowledge of the interplay between oxidation and cell signaling, involving phosphatase/kinase systems in models of globally distributed hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tibaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (A.M.); (I.I.); (A.B.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (A.M.); (I.I.); (A.B.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Iana Iatcenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (A.M.); (I.I.); (A.B.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Anand B. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (A.M.); (I.I.); (A.B.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Veronica Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (A.M.); (I.I.); (A.B.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Mario Angelo Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.F.); (A.M.); (I.I.); (A.B.W.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-4401
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P66Shc: A Pleiotropic Regulator of B Cell Trafficking and a Gatekeeper in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041006. [PMID: 32325830 PMCID: PMC7226591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (CLL) have a profound deficiency in the expression of p66Shc, an adaptor protein with pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant activities. This defect results in leukemic B cell resistance to apoptosis and additionally impinges on the balance between chemokine receptors that control B cell homing to secondary lymphoid organs and the sphingosine phosphate receptor S1PR1 that controls their egress therefrom, thereby favoring leukemic B cell accumulation in the pro-survival lymphoid niche. Ablation of the gene encoding p66Shc in the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of human CLL enhances leukemogenesis and promotes leukemic cell invasiveness in both nodal and extranodal organs, providing in vivo evidence of the pathogenic role of the p66Shc defect in CLL pathogenesis. Here we present an overview of the functions of p66Shc in B lymphocytes, with a specific focus on the multiple mechanisms exploited by p66Shc to control B cell trafficking and the abnormalities in this process caused by p66Shc deficiency in CLL.
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Novel CD19-targeted TriKE restores NK cell function and proliferative capacity in CLL. Blood Adv 2020; 3:897-907. [PMID: 30890546 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018029371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by chronic clonal expansion of mature CD19-expressing B lymphocytes and global dysfunction of immune effectors, including natural killer (NK) cells. CLL remains incurable, and novel approaches to refractory CLL are needed. Our group has previously described trispecific killer engager (TriKE) molecules that redirect NK cell function against tumor cells. TriKE reagents simultaneously bind an activating receptor on NK cells, CD16, and a tumor antigen while also providing an NK cell expansion signal via an interleukin-15 moiety. Here we developed the novel CD19-targeting 161519 TriKE. We demonstrate that 161519 TriKE induced killing of a CD19-expressing Burkitt's lymphoma cell line and examined the impact on primary CLL targets using healthy donor and patient NK cells. 161519 TriKE induced potent healthy donor NK cell activation, proliferation, and directed killing. Furthermore, 161519 TriKE rescued the inflammatory function of NK cells obtained from CLL patient peripheral blood samples. Finally, we show that 161519 TriKE induced better directed killing of CLL in vitro when compared with rituximab. In conclusion, 161519 TriKE drives a potent activating and proliferative signal on NK cells, resulting in enhanced NK cell expansion and CLL target killing. Our findings indicate the potential immunotherapeutic value of 161519 TriKE in CLL.
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Dapas B, Pozzato G, Zorzet S, Capolla S, Macor P, Scaggiante B, Coan M, Guerra C, Gnan C, Gattei V, Zanconati F, Grassi G. Effects of eEF1A1 targeting by aptamer/siRNA in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 574:118895. [PMID: 31862491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in Western countries adults, can be improved via a deeper understanding of its molecular abnormalities. Whereas the isoforms of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) are implicated in different tumors, no information are available in CLL. METHODS eEF1A1/eEF1A2 amounts were quantitated in the lymphocytes of 46 CLL patients vs normal control (real time PCR, western blotting). eEF1A1 role in CLL was investigated in a cellular (MEC-1) and animal model of CLL via its targeting by an aptamer (GT75) or a siRNA (siA1) delivered by electroporation (in vitro) or lipofection (in vivo). RESULTS eEF1A1/eEF1A2 were elevated in CLL lymphocytes vs control. eEF1A1 but not eEF1A2 levels were higher in patients which died during the study compared to those surviving. eEF1A1 targeting (GT75/siA1) resulted in MEC-1 viability reduction/autophagy stimulation and in vivo tumor growth down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS The increase of eEF1A1 in dead vs surviving patients may confer to eEF1A1 the role of a prognostic marker for CLL and possibly of a therapeutic target, given its involvement in MEC-1 survival. Specific aptamer/siRNA released by optimized delivery systems may allow the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonia Zorzet
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Capolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Coan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Gnan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria, 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Is Constitutively Activated and Its Inhibition Leads to CLL Cell Death Unaffected by the Protective Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121939. [PMID: 31817171 PMCID: PMC6966457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment promotes proliferation and drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although ibrutinib is active in CLL, it is rarely able to clear leukemic cells protected by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) within the marrow niche. We investigated the modulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in CLL by BMSCs and its targeting with AG490 (JAK2 inhibitor) or Stattic (STAT3 inhibitor). B cells collected from controls and CLL patients, were treated with medium alone, ibrutinib, JAK/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) inhibitors, or both drugs, in the presence of absence of BMSCs. JAK2/STAT3 axis was evaluated by western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that STAT3 was phosphorylated in Tyr705 in the majority of CLL patients at basal condition, and increased following co-cultures with BMSCs or IL-6. Treatment with AG490, but not Stattic, caused STAT3 and Lyn dephosphorylation, through re-activation of SHP-1, and triggered CLL apoptosis even when leukemic cells were cultured on BMSC layers. Moreover, while BMSCs hamper ibrutinib activity, the combination of ibrutinib+JAK/STAT inhibitors increase ibrutinib-mediated leukemic cell death, bypassing the pro-survival stimuli derived from BMSCs. We herein provide evidence that JAK2/STAT3 signaling might play a key role in the regulation of CLL-BMSC interactions and its inhibition enhances ibrutinib, counteracting the bone marrow niche.
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Montserrat E, Gale RP. Predicting the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Progress and uncertainty. Cancer 2019; 125:3699-3705. [PMID: 31381130 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a heterogeneous disease, there are considerable efforts underway to develop increasingly accurate and precise analytics with which to estimate the probability of future events such as the need for and probability of response to therapy, progression-free survival, and survival. These analytics typically are constructed from clinical and laboratory variables. These variables often are combined into scores or staging systems, some of which are prognostic (therapy-independent), whereas others are predictive (therapy-dependent). Predictive variables differ with different therapies. Because response to therapy is a necessary condition for the improvement of survival, predictive biomarkers are extremely important. However, despite some progress to identify new predictive biomarkers, del(17p)/TP53 mutation remains the only widely accepted variable used to guide therapy. New laboratory techniques and analytical tools may contribute to improvements in the precision and accuracy of outcome indicators. However, there are inherent limitations when applying cohort-based estimates to individuals within the cohort. The accuracy and precision of prediction also are limited by measurement error and chance. Ultimately, estimating outcomes requires a careful balance between clinical experience, imperfect prediction, and uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emili Montserrat
- Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shanafelt TD, Wang XV, Kay NE, Hanson CA, O'Brien S, Barrientos J, Jelinek DF, Braggio E, Leis JF, Zhang CC, Coutre SE, Barr PM, Cashen AF, Mato AR, Singh AK, Mullane MP, Little RF, Erba H, Stone RM, Litzow M, Tallman M. Ibrutinib-Rituximab or Chemoimmunotherapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:432-443. [PMID: 31365801 PMCID: PMC6908306 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1817073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the efficacy of treatment with ibrutinib-rituximab, as compared with standard chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been limited. METHODS In a phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) patients 70 years of age or younger with previously untreated CLL to receive either ibrutinib and rituximab for six cycles (after a single cycle of ibrutinib alone), followed by ibrutinib until disease progression, or six cycles of chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. The primary end point was progression-free survival, and overall survival was a secondary end point. We report the results of a planned interim analysis. RESULTS A total of 529 patients underwent randomization (354 patients to the ibrutinib-rituximab group, and 175 to the chemoimmunotherapy group). At a median follow-up of 33.6 months, the results of the analysis of progression-free survival favored ibrutinib-rituximab over chemoimmunotherapy (89.4% vs. 72.9% at 3 years; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22 to 0.56; P<0.001), and the results met the protocol-defined efficacy threshold for the interim analysis. The results of the analysis of overall survival also favored ibrutinib-rituximab over chemoimmunotherapy (98.8% vs. 91.5% at 3 years; hazard ratio for death, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.54; P<0.001). In a subgroup analysis involving patients without immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) mutation, ibrutinib-rituximab resulted in better progression-free survival than chemoimmunotherapy (90.7% vs. 62.5% at 3 years; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.50). The 3-year progression-free survival among patients with IGHV mutation was 87.7% in the ibrutinib-rituximab group and 88.0% in the chemoimmunotherapy group (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.36). The incidence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher (regardless of attribution) was similar in the two groups (in 282 of 352 patients [80.1%] who received ibrutinib-rituximab and in 126 of 158 [79.7%] who received chemoimmunotherapy), whereas infectious complications of grade 3 or higher were less common with ibrutinib-rituximab than with chemoimmunotherapy (in 37 patients [10.5%] vs. 32 [20.3%], P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The ibrutinib-rituximab regimen resulted in progression-free survival and overall survival that were superior to those with a standard chemoimmunotherapy regimen among patients 70 years of age or younger with previously untreated CLL. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and Pharmacyclics; E1912 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02048813.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tait D Shanafelt
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Xin V Wang
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Neil E Kay
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Curtis A Hanson
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Susan O'Brien
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Jacqueline Barrientos
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Diane F Jelinek
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Esteban Braggio
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Jose F Leis
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Cong C Zhang
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Steven E Coutre
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Paul M Barr
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Amanda F Cashen
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Anthony R Mato
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Avina K Singh
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Michael P Mullane
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Richard F Little
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Harry Erba
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Richard M Stone
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Mark Litzow
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
| | - Martin Tallman
- From Stanford University, Stanford (T.D.S., S.E.C.), the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center, Orange (S.O.), and Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)-Permanente Medical Group, Oakland (C.C.Z.) - all in California; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (X.V.W., R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.E.K., C.A.H., J.F.L., M.L.), and Minnesota Oncology, Burnsville (A.K.S.) - both in Minnesota; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success (J.B.), and University of Rochester, Rochester (P.M.B.) - both in New York; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ (D.F.J., E.B.); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.F.C.); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (A.R.M., M.T.); Aurora Cancer Care, West Allis, WI (M.P.M.); National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.L.); and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (H.E.)
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Bagacean C, Tomuleasa C, Tempescul A, Grewal R, Brooks WH, Berthou C, Renaudineau Y. Apoptotic resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and therapeutic perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:321-332. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bagacean
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Ravnit Grewal
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wesley H. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christian Berthou
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
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