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Shao C, Tang B, Chu JCH, Lau KM, Wong WT, Che CM, Tai WCS, Wong WT, Wong CTT. Macrophage-engaging peptidic bispecific antibodies (pBsAbs) for immunotherapy via a facile bioconjugation strategy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11272-11278. [PMID: 39055004 PMCID: PMC11268508 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies are artificial molecules that fuse two different antigen-binding sites of monoclonal antibodies into one single entity. They have emerged as a promising next-generation anticancer treatment. Despite the fascinating applications of bispecific antibodies, the design and production of bispecific antibodies remain tedious and challenging, leading to a long R&D process and high production costs. We herein report an unprecedented strategy to cyclise and conjugate tumour-targeting peptides on the surface of a monoclonal antibody to form a novel type of bispecific antibody, namely the peptidic bispecific antibody (pBsAb). Such design combines the merits of highly specific monoclonal antibodies and serum-stable cyclic peptides that endows an additional tumour-targeting ability to the monoclonal antibody for binding with two different antigens. Our results show that the novel pBsAb, which comprises EGFR-binding cyclic peptides and an anti-SIRP-α monoclonal antibody, could serve as a macrophage-engaging bispecific antibody to initiate enhanced macrophage-cancer cell interaction and block the "don't eat me" signal between CD47-SIRP-α, as well as promoting antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and 3D cell spheroid infiltration. These findings give rise to a new type of bispecific antibody and a new platform for the rapid generation of new bispecific antibodies for research and potential therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihao Shao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky C H Chu
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Kwai Man Lau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Wai-Ting Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - William C S Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Clarence T T Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
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2
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Okon A, Yang J, Giancola JB, Molina OJ, Sayers J, Cheah KM, Li Y, Strieter ER, Raines RT. Facile Access to Branched Multispecific Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:954-962. [PMID: 38879814 PMCID: PMC11254548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Approaches that leverage orthogonal chemical reactions to generate protein-protein conjugates have expanded access to bespoke chimeras. Although the literature is replete with examples of the semisynthesis of bispecific proteins, few methods exist for the semisynthesis of protein conjugates of higher complexity (i.e., greater than two-protein fusions). The recent emergence of trispecific cell engagers for immune cell redirection therapies necessitates the development of chemical methods for the construction of trispecific proteins that would otherwise be inaccessible via natural protein synthesis. Here, we demonstrate that 3-bromo-5-methylene pyrrolone (3Br-5MP) can be used to effect the facile chemical synthesis of trispecific peptides and proteins with exquisite control over the addition of each monomer. The multimeric complexes maintain epitope functionality both in human cells and upon immobilization. We anticipate that facile access to trispecific proteins using this 3Br-5MP will have broad utility in basic science research and will quicken the pace of research to establish novel, multimeric immune cell redirection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniekan Okon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jinyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - JoLynn B. Giancola
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Oscar J. Molina
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Sayers
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith M. Cheah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eric R. Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Fenis A, Demaria O, Gauthier L, Vivier E, Narni-Mancinelli E. New immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:471-486. [PMID: 38273127 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There have been major advances in the immunotherapy of cancer in recent years, including the development of T cell engagers - antibodies engineered to redirect T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells - for the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, the field still faces several challenges to develop agents that are consistently effective in a majority of patients and cancer types, such as optimizing drug dose, overcoming treatment resistance and improving efficacy in solid tumours. A new generation of T cell-targeted molecules was developed to tackle these issues that are potentially more effective and safer. In addition, agents designed to engage the antitumour activities of other immune cells, including natural killer cells and myeloid cells, are showing promise and have the potential to treat a broader range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fenis
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gauthier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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4
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Dick JK, Hicks D, Krishna VD, Sangala JA, Zandstra BT, Baehr C, Verbeek JS, Cragg MS, Cheeran MCJ, Pravetoni M, Hart GT. ACE2 decoy Fc-fusions and bi-specific killer engager (BiKEs) require Fc engagement for in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599956. [PMID: 38948747 PMCID: PMC11212978 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to evolve over time necessitating the adaptation of vaccines to maintain efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were a key line of defense for unvaccinated or immunocompromised individuals. However, these mAbs are now ineffective against current SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we tested three aspects of αSARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. First, we tested whether Fc engagement is necessary for in vivo clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Secondly, we tested bi-specific killer engagers (BiKEs) that simultaneously engage SARS-CoV-2 and a specific Fc receptor. Benefits of these engagers include the ease of manufacturing, stability, more cell-specific targeting, and high affinity binding to Fc receptors. Using both mAbs and BiKEs, we found that both neutralization and Fc receptor engagement were necessary for effective SARS-CoV-2 clearance. Thirdly, due to ACE2 being necessary for viral entry, ACE2 will maintain binding to SARS-CoV-2 despite viral evolution. Therefore, we used an ACE2 decoy Fc-fusion or BiKE, instead of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody sequence, as a potential therapeutic that would withstand viral evolution. We found that the ACE2 decoy approach also required Fc receptor engagement and, unlike traditional neutralizing antibodies against specific variants, enabled the clearance of two distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data show the importance of Fc engagement for mAbs, the utility of BiKEs as therapies for infectious disease, and the in vivo effectiveness of the ACE2 decoy approach. With further studies, we predict combining neutralization, the cellular response, and this ACE2 decoy approach will benefit individuals with ineffective antibody levels. Abbreviations ACE2, scFv, mAb, BiKE, COVID-19, Fc, CD16, CD32b, CD64, d.p.i. Key points With equal dosing, both neutralization and Fc engagement are necessary for the optimal efficacy of in vivo antibodies and bi-specific killer engagers (BiKEs) against SARS-CoV-2. BiKEs can clear SARS-CoV-2 virus and protect against severe infection in the hACE2-K18 mouse model. ACE2 decoys as part of Fc-fusions or BiKEs provide in vivo clearance of two disparate SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Paul S, Konig MF, Pardoll DM, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Wright KM, Gabelli SB, Ho M, van Elsas A, Zhou S. Cancer therapy with antibodies. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:399-426. [PMID: 38740967 PMCID: PMC11180426 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The greatest challenge in cancer therapy is to eradicate cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. Targeted therapy has been developed to meet that challenge, showing a substantially increased therapeutic index compared with conventional cancer therapies. Antibodies are important members of the family of targeted therapeutic agents because of their extraordinarily high specificity to the target antigens. Therapeutic antibodies use a range of mechanisms that directly or indirectly kill the cancer cells. Early antibodies were developed to directly antagonize targets on cancer cells. This was followed by advancements in linker technologies that allowed the production of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that guide cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. Improvement in our understanding of the biology of T cells led to the production of immune checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies that indirectly kill the cancer cells through activation of the T cells. Even more recently, bispecific antibodies were synthetically designed to redirect the T cells of a patient to kill the cancer cells. In this Review, we summarize the different approaches used by therapeutic antibodies to target cancer cells. We discuss their mechanisms of action, the structural basis for target specificity, clinical applications and the ongoing research to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Paul
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Katharine M Wright
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, Merck and Co, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, Merck and Co, West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Antibody Engineering Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Shibin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Qin X, Ning W, Liu H, Liu X, Luo W, Xia N. Stepping forward: T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2361-2377. [PMID: 38828136 PMCID: PMC11143529 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies are specifically designed to bind to tumor-associated antigens, thereby engaging with CD3 on the T cell receptor. This linkage between tumor cells and T cells actively triggers T cell activation and initiates targeted killing of the identified tumor cells. These antibodies have emerged as one of the most promising avenues within tumor immunotherapy. However, despite success in treating hematological malignancies, significant advancements in solid tumors have yet to be explored. In this review, we aim to address the critical challenges associated with T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies and explore novel strategies to overcome these obstacles, with the ultimate goal of expanding the application of this therapy to include solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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7
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Yuan Y, Li J, Chen J, Han L, Wang L, Yue Y, Liu J, Zhang B, Yuan Y, Wu M, Bian Y, Xie Y, Zhu J. Characterization of a novel T cell-engaging bispecific antibody for elimination of L1CAM-positive tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116565. [PMID: 38603888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cancer occurrence and migration. Up to today, L1CAM-targeted therapy appeared limited efficacy in clinical trials although quite a few attempts by monoclonal antibody (mAb) or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) have been reported. Therefore, the development of new effective therapies targeting L1CAM is highly desirable. It has been demonstrated that T cell-engaging bispecific antibody (TCE) plays an effective role in cancer immunotherapy by redirecting the cytotoxic activity of CD3+ T cells to tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell death. In this study, we designed and characterized a novel bispecific antibody (CE7-TCE) based on the IgG-(L)-ScFv format, which targets L1CAM and CD3 simultaneously. In vitro, CE7-TCE induced specific killing of L1CAM-positive tumor cells through T cells. In vivo, CE7-TCE inhibited tumor growth in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell/tumor cell co-grafting models. To overcome the adaptive immune resistance (AIR) that impairs the efficacy of TCEs, we conducted a combination therapy of CE7-TCE with Pembrolizumab (anti-PD1 mAb), which enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CE7-TCE. Our results confirmed the feasibility of using L1CAM as a TCE target for the treatment of solid tumors and revealed the therapeutic potential of CE7-TCE combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jecho Institute, Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yali Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanlin Bian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueqing Xie
- Jecho Institute, Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutical Antibody, Ministry of Education, China, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Jecho Institute, Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200241, China.
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8
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Döring M, Brux M, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Guillem-Gloria PM, Buchholz F, Pisabarro MT, Theis M. Nucleolar protein TAAP1/ C22orf46 confers pro-survival signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302257. [PMID: 38228372 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells subvert immune surveillance or lytic stress by harnessing inhibitory signals. Hence, bispecific antibodies have been developed to direct CTLs to the tumor site and foster immune-dependent cytotoxicity. Although applied with success, T cell-based immunotherapies are not universally effective partially because of the expression of pro-survival factors by tumor cells protecting them from apoptosis. Here, we report a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in human non-small cell lung cancer cells designed to identify genes that confer tumors with the ability to evade the cytotoxic effects of CD8+ T lymphocytes engaged by bispecific antibodies. We show that the gene C22orf46 facilitates pro-survival signals and that tumor cells devoid of C22orf46 expression exhibit increased susceptibility to T cell-induced apoptosis and stress by genotoxic agents. Although annotated as a non-coding gene, we demonstrate that C22orf46 encodes a nucleolar protein, hereafter referred to as "Tumor Apoptosis Associated Protein 1," up-regulated in lung cancer, which displays remote homologies to the BH domain containing Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators. Collectively, the findings establish TAAP1/C22orf46 as a pro-survival oncogene with implications to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Döring
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro M Guillem-Gloria
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Theis
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Sandeep, Shinde SH, Ahmed S, Sharma SS, Pande AH. Engineered polyspecific antibodies: A new frontier in the field of immunotherapeutics. Immunology 2024; 171:464-496. [PMID: 38140855 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st-century beginning remarked with the huge success of monospecific MAbs, however, in the last couple of years, polyspecific MAbs (PsAbs) have been an interesting topic and show promise of being biobetter than monospecific MAbs. Polyspecificity, in which a single antibody serves multiple specific target binding, has been hypothesized to contribute to the development of a highly effective antibody repertoire for immune defence. This polyspecific MAb trend represents an explosion that is gripping the whole pharmaceutical industry. This review is concerned with the current development and quality enforcement of PsAbs. All provided literature on monospecific MAbs and polyspecific MAbs (PsAbs) were searched using various electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, Springer, ACS, Google Patent and books via the keywords Antibody engineering, Polyspecific antibody, Conventional antibody, non-conventional antibody, and Single domain antibody. In the literature, there are more than 100 different formats to construct PsAb by quadroma technology, chemical conjugation and genetic engineering. Till March 2023, nine PsAb have been approved around the world, and around 330 are in advanced developmental stages, showing the dominancy of PsAb in the growing health sector. Recent advancements in protein engineering techniques and the fusion of non-conventional antibodies have made it possible to create complex PsAbs that demonstrate higher stability and enhanced potency. This marks the most significant achievement for cancer immunotherapy, in which PsAbs have immense promise. It is worth mentioning that seven out of the nine PsAbs have been approved as anti-cancer therapy. As PsAbs continue to acquire prominence, they could pave the way for the development of novel immunotherapies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Suraj H Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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10
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Ayyalasomayajula R, Cudic M. Targeting Siglec-Sialylated MUC1 Immune Axis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1334. [PMID: 38611013 PMCID: PMC11011055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Siglecs play a key role in mediating cell-cell interactions via the recognition of different sialylated glycoconjugates, including tumor-associated MUC1, which can lead to the activation or inhibition of the immune response. The activation occurs through the signaling of Siglecs with the cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing proteins, while the inhibition signal is a result of the interaction of intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-bearing receptors. The interaction of tumor-associated MUC1 sialylated glycans with Siglecs via ITIM motifs decreases antitumor immunity. Consequently, these interactions are expected to play a key role in tumor evasion. Efforts to modulate the response of immune cells by blocking the immune-suppressive effects of inhibitory Siglecs, driving immune-activating Siglecs, and/or altering the synthesis and expression of the sialic acid glycocalyx are new therapeutic strategies deserving further investigation. We will highlight the role of Siglec's family receptors in immune evasion through interactions with glycan ligands in their natural context, presented on the protein such as MUC1, factors affecting their fine binding specificities, such as the role of multivalency either at the ligand or receptor side, their spatial organization, and finally the current and future therapeutic interventions targeting the Siglec-sialylated MUC1 immune axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
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11
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Zarezadeh Mehrabadi A, Tat M, Ghorbani Alvanegh A, Roozbahani F, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: the power of bi- and tri-specific T-cell engagers in oncolytic virotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343378. [PMID: 38464532 PMCID: PMC10921556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bi- or tri-specific T cell engagers (BiTE or TriTE) are recombinant bispecific proteins designed to stimulate T-cell immunity directly, bypassing antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, these molecules suffer from limitations such as short biological half-life and poor residence time in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Fortunately, these challenges can be overcome when combined with OVs. Various strategies have been developed, such as encoding secretory BiTEs within OV vectors, resulting in improved targeting and activation of T cells, secretion of key cytokines, and bystander killing of tumor cells. Additionally, oncolytic viruses armed with BiTEs have shown promising outcomes in enhancing major histocompatibility complex I antigen (MHC-I) presentation, T-cell proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. These combined approaches address tumor heterogeneity, drug delivery, and T-cell infiltration, offering a comprehensive and effective solution. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Bi- or TriTEs and OVs as promising therapeutic approaches in the field of cancer treatment. We summarize the cutting-edge advancements in oncolytic virotherapy immune-related genetic engineering, focusing on the innovative combination of BiTE or TriTE with OVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Tat
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Roozbahani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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12
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You Q, Liang F, Wu G, Cao F, Liu J, He Z, Wang C, Zhu L, Chen X, Yang Y. The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306583. [PMID: 37713652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease-related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti-neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut-brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Wang L, Leach V, Muthusamy N, Byrd J, Long M. A CD3 humanized mouse model unmasked unique features of T-cell responses to bispecific antibody treatment. Blood Adv 2024; 8:470-481. [PMID: 37871327 PMCID: PMC10837186 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT T-cell bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) such as blinatumomab hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy. A better understanding of the in vivo immune response induced by T-BsAbs is crucial to improving their efficacy and safety profile. However, such efforts are hindered by the limitations of current preclinical models. To address this, we developed a syngeneic murine model with humanized CD3 and target antigen (CD20). This model enables the development of disseminated leukemia with a high tumor burden, which mirrors clinical findings in human patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Treatment of this model with T-BsAbs results in cytokine release syndrome, with cytokine profiles and levels reflecting observations made in human patients. This model also faithfully recapitulates the dynamics of T-cell activation seen in human patients, including the temporary disappearance of T cells from the bloodstream. During this phase, T cells are sequestered in secondary lymphoid organs and undergo activation. Clinical correlative studies that rely primarily on peripheral blood samples are likely to overlook this critical activation stage, leading to a substantial underestimation of the extent of T-cell activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that surface expression of the T-BsAb target antigen by leukemia cells triggers a swift immune response, promoting their own rejection. Humanizing the target antigen in the recipient mice is crucial to facilitate tolerance induction and successful establishment of high tumor burden. Our findings underscore the importance of meticulously optimized syngeneic murine models for investigating T-BsAb-induced immune responses and for translational research aimed at improving efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Vincent Leach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - John Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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14
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Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Bispecific antibodies revolutionizing breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive overview. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266450. [PMID: 38111570 PMCID: PMC10725925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is known as a complex and prevalent disease requiring the development of novel anticancer therapeutic approaches. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as a favorable strategy for BCa treatment due to their unique ability to target two different antigens simultaneously. By targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on cancer cells, engaging immune effector cells, or blocking critical signaling pathways, BsAbs offer enhanced tumor specificity and immune system involvement, improving anti-cancer activity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of BsAbs in BCa. For example, BsAbs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have shown the ability to redirect immune cells to HER2-positive BCa cells, resulting in effective tumor cell killing. Moreover, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by BsAbs has demonstrated promising outcomes in overcoming immunosuppression and enhancing immune-mediated tumor clearance. Combining BsAbs with existing therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has also revealed synergistic effects in preclinical models and early clinical trials, emphasizing the usefulness and potential of BsAbs in BCa treatment. This review summarizes the latest evidence about BsAbs in treating BCa and the challenges and opportunities of their use in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Yao Y, Fan D. Advances in MUC1 resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. J Chemother 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38006297 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2282839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly fatal malignancy, is increasing every year. Chemotherapy is an important treatment for it in addition to surgery, yet most patients become resistant to chemotherapeutic agents within a few weeks of treatment initiation. MUC1 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein, and studies have shown that aberrantly glycosylated overexpression of MUC1 is involved in regulating the biology of chemoresistance in cancer cells. This article summarizes the mechanism of MUC1 in PC chemoresistance and reviews MUC1-based targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhao Yao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, PR China
- Surgery Department, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Daguang Fan
- Surgery Department, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, PR China
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16
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Rumler S. Non-cellular immunotherapies in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242911. [PMID: 37885882 PMCID: PMC10598668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer death in pediatric patients. New therapies are desperately needed for some of the most malignant of all cancers. Immunotherapy has emerged in the past two decades as an additional avenue to augment/replace traditional therapies (such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy). This article first discusses the unique nature of the pediatric CNS immune system and how it interacts with the systemic immune system. It then goes on to review three important and widely studied types of immune therapies: checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and radiation therapy, and touches on early studies of antibody-mediated immunogenic therapies, Finally, the article discusses the importance of combination immunotherapy for pediatric CNS tumors, and addresses the neurologic toxicities associated with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rumler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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17
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Sun Z, Huang M, Sokolowska I, Cao R, Chang K, Hu P, Mo J. Impact of Trisulfide on the Structure and Function of Different Antibody Constructs. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2637-2643. [PMID: 37595748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Trisulfide is a post-translational modification (PTM) commonly found in recombinant antibodies. It has been demonstrated that trisulfide had no impact on the bioactivity of mono-specific antibodies (MsAbs). However, the impact of trisulfide on multi-specific antibodies has not been evaluated. In this study, two mass spectrometric methods were developed for comprehensive trisulfide characterization. The non-reduced peptide mapping method combined with the unique electron activated dissociation (EAD) provided signature fragments for confident trisulfide identification as well as trisulfide quantitation at individual sites. A higher throughput method using Fab mass analysis was also developed and qualified to support routine monitoring of trisulfide during process development. Fab mass analysis features simpler sample preparation and shorter analysis time but provides comparable results to the non-reduced peptide mapping method. In this study, a bi-specific (BsAb) and a tri-specific antibody (TsAb) were compared side-by-side with a MsAb to evaluate the impact of trisulfide on the structure and function of multi-specific antibodies. Results indicated that trisulfide dominantly formed at similar locations across different antibody constructs and had no impact on the size heterogeneity, charge heterogeneity, or bioactivities of any assessed antibodies. Together with the in vitro stability under heat stress (25 °C and 40 °C for up to four weeks) and rapid conversion from trisulfide to disulfide during in vivo circulation, trisulfide could be categorized as a non-critical quality attribute (non-CQA) for antibody products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Maggie Huang
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Izabela Sokolowska
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Rui Cao
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Kern Chang
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Jingjie Mo
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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Bauer J, Rajagopal N, Gupta P, Gupta P, Nixon AE, Kumar S. How can we discover developable antibody-based biotherapeutics? Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1221626. [PMID: 37609373 PMCID: PMC10441133 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1221626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based biotherapeutics have emerged as a successful class of pharmaceuticals despite significant challenges and risks to their discovery and development. This review discusses the most frequently encountered hurdles in the research and development (R&D) of antibody-based biotherapeutics and proposes a conceptual framework called biopharmaceutical informatics. Our vision advocates for the syncretic use of computation and experimentation at every stage of biologic drug discovery, considering developability (manufacturability, safety, efficacy, and pharmacology) of potential drug candidates from the earliest stages of the drug discovery phase. The computational advances in recent years allow for more precise formulation of disease concepts, rapid identification, and validation of targets suitable for therapeutic intervention and discovery of potential biotherapeutics that can agonize or antagonize them. Furthermore, computational methods for de novo and epitope-specific antibody design are increasingly being developed, opening novel computationally driven opportunities for biologic drug discovery. Here, we review the opportunities and limitations of emerging computational approaches for optimizing antigens to generate robust immune responses, in silico generation of antibody sequences, discovery of potential antibody binders through virtual screening, assessment of hits, identification of lead drug candidates and their affinity maturation, and optimization for developability. The adoption of biopharmaceutical informatics across all aspects of drug discovery and development cycles should help bring affordable and effective biotherapeutics to patients more quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschka Bauer
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
- In Silico Team, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nandhini Rajagopal
- In Silico Team, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hannover, Germany
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- In Silico Team, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hannover, Germany
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- In Silico Team, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hannover, Germany
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Andrew E. Nixon
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- In Silico Team, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hannover, Germany
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
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Tzuri N, Yegodayev KM, Novoplansky O, Elkabets M, Aharoni A, Papo N. Developing a dual VEGF/PDL1 inhibitor based on high-affinity scFv heterodimers as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11923. [PMID: 37488176 PMCID: PMC10366146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is enhanced by the interaction of programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1), which is associated with inhibition of the immune response against tumors, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which inhibits immune cell activity while inducing angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells. Dual inhibition of PDL1 and VEGF may therefore confer a synergistic anti-cancer therapeutic effect. We present a novel strategy for developing a therapeutic that simultaneously binds and inhibits both PDL1 and VEGF. We generated a bi-specific protein, designated DuRan-Bis, comprising a single chain variable fragment (scFv)-based inhibitor of PDL1 fused to an scFv-based inhibitor of VEGF, with the latter being attached to an Fc fragment. We found that DuRan-Bis binds to both PDL1 and VEGF with high affinity. Compared to treatments with mono-specific proteins, alone or in combination, the DuRan-Bis chimera showed superior inhibition of the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. In comparison to treatment with immune cells alone, a combination of immune cells with DuRan-Bis decreased the viability of head and neck cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use a single polypeptide chain scFv-scFv-Fc scaffold for engineering a high-affinity bi-specific inhibitor of PDL1 and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Tzuri
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ksenia M Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofra Novoplansky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Aharoni
- Department of Life Sciences and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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20
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El Zawily A, Vizeacoumar FS, Dahiya R, Banerjee SL, Bhanumathy KK, Elhasasna H, Hanover G, Sharpe JC, Sanchez MG, Greidanus P, Stacey RG, Moon KM, Alexandrov I, Himanen JP, Nikolov DB, Fonge H, White AP, Foster LJ, Wang B, Toosi BM, Bisson N, Mirzabekov TA, Vizeacoumar FJ, Freywald A. A Multipronged Unbiased Strategy Guides the Development of an Anti-EGFR/EPHA2-Bispecific Antibody for Combination Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2686-2701. [PMID: 36976175 PMCID: PMC10345963 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating analyses of pro-oncogenic molecular mechanisms triggered a rapid development of targeted cancer therapies. Although many of these treatments produce impressive initial responses, eventual resistance onset is practically unavoidable. One of the main approaches for preventing this refractory condition relies on the implementation of combination therapies. This includes dual-specificity reagents that affect both of their targets with a high level of selectivity. Unfortunately, selection of target combinations for these treatments is often confounded by limitations in our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we describe and validate a multipronged unbiased strategy for predicting optimal co-targets for bispecific therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Our strategy integrates ex vivo genome-wide loss-of-function screening, BioID interactome profiling, and gene expression analysis of patient data to identify the best fit co-targets. Final validation of selected target combinations is done in tumorsphere cultures and xenograft models. RESULTS Integration of our experimental approaches unambiguously pointed toward EGFR and EPHA2 tyrosine kinase receptors as molecules of choice for co-targeting in multiple tumor types. Following this lead, we generated a human bispecific anti-EGFR/EPHA2 antibody that, as predicted, very effectively suppresses tumor growth compared with its prototype anti-EGFR therapeutic antibody, cetuximab. CONCLUSIONS Our work not only presents a new bispecific antibody with a high potential for being developed into clinically relevant biologics, but more importantly, successfully validates a novel unbiased strategy for selecting biologically optimal target combinations. This is of a significant translational relevance, as such multifaceted unbiased approaches are likely to augment the development of effective combination therapies for cancer treatment. See related commentary by Kumar, p. 2570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El Zawily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Renuka Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sara L. Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | - Kalpana K. Bhanumathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hussain Elhasasna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Glinton Hanover
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica C. Sharpe
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Malkon G. Sanchez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Paul Greidanus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R. Greg Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Juha P. Himanen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dimitar B. Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aaron P. White
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Behzad M. Toosi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Division of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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21
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Czajka-Francuz P, Prendes MJ, Mankan A, Quintana Á, Pabla S, Ramkissoon S, Jensen TJ, Peiró S, Severson EA, Achyut BR, Vidal L, Poelman M, Saini KS. Mechanisms of immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment and implications for targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1200646. [PMID: 37427115 PMCID: PMC10325690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer therapies is limited to a great extent by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous immune escape mechanisms have been identified. These include not only processes associated with tumor, immune or stromal cells, but also humoral, metabolic, genetic and epigenetic factors within the TME. The identification of immune escape mechanisms has enabled the development of small molecules, nanomedicines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell and epigenetic therapies that can reprogram the TME and shift the host immune response towards promoting an antitumor effect. These approaches have translated into series of breakthroughs in cancer therapies, some of which have already been implemented in clinical practice. In the present article the authors provide an overview of some of the most important mechanisms of immunosuppression within the TME and the implications for targeted therapies against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ángela Quintana
- Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Peiró
- Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamal S. Saini
- Fortrea, Inc., Durham, NC, United States
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Paniagua-Herranz L, Doger B, Díaz-Tejeiro C, Sanvicente A, Nieto-Jiménez C, Moreno V, Pérez Segura P, Gyorffy B, Calvo E, Ocana A. Genomic Mapping of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition-Up-Regulated Tumors Identifies Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3250. [PMID: 37370859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of proteins in the cellular membrane of the tumoral cell is a key to the design of therapeutic agents. Recently, the bi-specific antibody amivantamab, targeting the oncogenic membrane proteins EGFR and MET, received regulatory approval for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. METHODS The authors interrogated several publicly available genomic datasets to evaluate the expression of both receptors and PD-L1 in most of the solid and hematologic malignancies and focused on prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). RESULTS In PAAD, EGFR highly correlated with PD-L1 and MET, and MET showed a moderate correlation with PD-L1, while in PRAD, EGFR, MET and PD-L1 showed a strong correlation. In addition, in tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD(L)1 and anti-CTLA4, a high expression of EGFR and MET predicted detrimental survival. When exploring the relationship of immune populations with these receptors, the authors observed that in PAAD and PRAD, EGFR moderately correlated with CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, EGFR and MET correlated with neutrophils in PRAD. CONCLUSIONS The authors identified tumor types where EGFR and MET were highly expressed and correlated with a high expression of PD-L1, opening the door for the future combination of bi-specific EGFR/MET antibodies with anti-PD(L)1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz-Tejeiro
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanvicente
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD), Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez Segura
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Balazs Gyorffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC) and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD), Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Spagnolo CC, Ciappina G, Giovannetti E, Squeri A, Granata B, Lazzari C, Pretelli G, Pasello G, Santarpia M. Targeting MET in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A New Old Story? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10119. [PMID: 37373267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen the development and approval for clinical use of an increasing number of therapeutic agents against actionable oncogenic drivers in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among them, selective inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies targeting the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) receptor, have been studied in patients with advanced NSCLC with MET deregulation, primarily due to exon 14 skipping mutations or MET amplification. Some MET TKIs, including capmatinib and tepotinib, have proven to be highly effective in this molecularly defined subgroup of patients and are already approved for clinical use. Other similar agents are being tested in early-stage clinical trials with promising antitumor activity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of MET signaling pathways, MET oncogenic alterations primarily focusing on exon 14 skipping mutations, and the laboratory techniques used to detect MET alterations. Furthermore, we will summarize the currently available clinical data and ongoing studies on MET inhibitors, as well as the mechanisms of resistance to MET TKIs and new potential strategies, including combinatorial approaches, to improve the clinical outcomes of MET exon 14-altered NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Claudia Spagnolo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ciappina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrje Universiteit, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 San Giuliano, Italy
| | - Andrea Squeri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Granata
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-IRCCS, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Pretelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Oncologia Medica 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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24
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF, Cheung NKV. Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64390. [PMID: 37246883 PMCID: PMC10999115 DOI: 10.3791/64390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) are in various stages of preclinical development and clinical testing for solid tumors. Factors such as valency, spatial arrangement, interdomain distance, and Fc mutations affect the anti-tumor efficacy of these therapies, commonly by influencing the homing of T cells to tumors, which remains a major challenge. Here, we describe a method to transduce activated human T cells with luciferase, allowing in vivo tracking of T cells during T-BsAb therapy studies. The ability of T-BsAbs to redirect T cells to tumors can be quantitatively evaluated at multiple time points during treatment, allowing researchers to correlate the anti-tumor efficacy of T-BsAbs and other interventions with the persistence of T cells in tumors. This method alleviates the need to sacrifice animals during treatment to histologically assess T cell infiltration and can be repeated at multiple time points to determine the kinetics of T cell trafficking during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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25
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Sandeep, Shinde SH, Pande AH. Polyspecificity - An emerging trend in the development of clinical antibodies. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:175-183. [PMID: 36827806 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The essence of the growth and development of therapeutic conventional monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for the treatment of various disorders is the aptitude of MAbs to precisely bind a target antigen and neutralise or promote its activity. However, the conventional antibodies are monoclonal i.e., both paratopes bind to the same epitope. But most of the pathophysiological conditions are multifaceted, hence targeting/blocking/inhibition of more than one epitope/antigen is more promising than one epitope/antigen. Polyspecific antibodies (PsAbs) have the potential to concurrently bind to more than one target and are the next-generation antibodies that augment efficacy in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. Thus, the trend of engineering and developing various formats of PsAbs is emerging. In this review, we have briefly discussed the importance of antibody polyspecificity and PsAbs approved for clinical use. Subsequently, we have discussed the role of TNF-α and IL-23 in inflammatory diseases and stressed the need for developing anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-23 bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Suraj H Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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26
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Sakamoto M, Patil T. MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:254-268. [PMID: 36924573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the MET pathway in advanced NSCLC has been of particular interest due to its role as both a primary oncogenic driver and secondary oncogenic driver of acquired resistance. Activation of the MET pathway can occur through several mechanisms, which can complicate the diagnostic and treatment approach. Recently, several MET-directed therapies have been developed with promising results. In this narrative review, we summarize the biology and mechanism of MET as a clinically relevant driver mutation, distinct MET alterations including diagnostic challenges, significance in the setting of acquired resistance, and novel treatment strategies in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States
| | - Tejas Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States.
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27
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Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Current Systematic Review and Patient Centric Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041446. [PMID: 36835981 PMCID: PMC9966657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, making up 21% of all cancer cases. With 345,000 deaths per year owing to the disease, there is an urgent need to optimize prostate cancer care. This systematic review collated and synthesized findings of completed Phase III clinical trials administering immunotherapy; a current clinical trial index (2022) of all ongoing Phase I-III clinical trial records was also formulated. A total of four Phase III clinical trials with 3588 participants were included administering DCVAC, ipilimumab, personalized peptide vaccine, and the PROSTVAC vaccine. In this original research article, promising results were seen for ipilimumab intervention, with improved overall survival trends. A total of 68 ongoing trial records pooling in 7923 participants were included, spanning completion until June 2028. Immunotherapy is an emerging option for patients with prostate cancer, with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adjuvant therapies forming a large part of the emerging landscape. With various ongoing trials, the characteristics and premises of the prospective findings will be key in improving outcomes in the future.
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28
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Li Q, Lu J, Li J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Ying T. Antibody-based cancer immunotherapy by targeting regulatory T cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157345. [PMID: 37182149 PMCID: PMC10174253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are among the most abundant suppressive cells, which infiltrate and accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor escape by inducing anergy and immunosuppression. Their presence has been correlated with tumor progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Targeting tumor-associated Tregs is an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches, but it may also trigger autoimmune diseases. The major limitation of current therapies targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment is the lack of selective targets. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs express high levels of cell surface molecules associated with T-cell activation, such as CTLA4, PD-1, LAG3, TIGIT, ICOS, and TNF receptor superfamily members including 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR. Targeting these molecules often attribute to concurrent depletion of antitumor effector T-cell populations. Therefore, novel approaches need to improve the specificity of targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment without affecting peripheral Tregs and effector T cells. In this review, we discuss the immunosuppressive mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and the status of antibody-based immunotherapies targeting Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlei Ying, ; Yanling Wu,
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlei Ying, ; Yanling Wu,
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29
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Xing Y, Yasinjan F, Du Y, Geng H, Zhang Y, He M, Guo R, Yang L, Cui J, Mu D, Liu Z, Wang H. Immunotherapy in cervical cancer: From the view of scientometric analysis and clinical trials. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094437. [PMID: 36817443 PMCID: PMC9935705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Current treatment for patients with advanced cervical cancer is limited. And in the urgent demand for novel effective therapies both as the first and the second line treatment for these patients, immunotherapy is developing fast and has made some achievements. Methods This study incorporated 1,255 topic-related articles and reviews from 1999 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The WoS platform, Citespace, and VOS viewer provided the annual distribution of publications and citations, the analysis of researching countries and institutions, references, keywords (co-occurrence analysis, burst analysis, and timeline view analysis), and researching authors, respectively. For clinical trials, 720 trials and 114 trials from ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP were retrieved, respectively. And 296 trials were finally incorporated into the analysis. Results The scientometric analysis showed that the study of immunotherapies in cervical cancer developed fast in recent years. Most publications were from the United States, followed by China. Seven of the top 10 co-cited references belong to clinical trials, and five of them were published in recent five years. There are lots of clinical trials us specific treatment patterns, some of which have represented excellent effects. Conclusions Both the scientometric analysis of the 1,255 publications and the analysis of clinical trials showed that the field of immunotherapies in cervical cancer developed so fast in recent years. It was found that a lot of clinical trials using various immunotherapies (mainly vaccine therapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and antibody-drug conjugate) for advanced cervical cancer are currently ongoing or have represented considerable effect. Centered in immunotherapies, immune checkpoint blockades have represented great efficacy and huge potential, especially combined with other therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xing
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feroza Yasinjan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajie Du
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huayue Geng
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayue Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Mu
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Allen GM, Lim WA. Rethinking cancer targeting strategies in the era of smart cell therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:693-702. [PMID: 36175644 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past several decades, the development of cancer therapeutics has largely focused on precision targeting of single cancer-associated molecules. Despite great advances, such targeted therapies still show incomplete precision and the eventual development of resistance due to target heterogeneity or mutation. However, the recent development of cell-based therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells presents a revolutionary opportunity to reframe strategies for targeting cancers. Immune cells equipped with synthetic circuits are essentially living computers that can be programmed to recognize tumours based on multiple signals, including both tumour cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental. Moreover, cells can be programmed to launch broad but highly localized therapeutic responses that can limit the potential for escape while still maintaining high precision. Although these emerging smart cell engineering capabilities have yet to be fully implemented in the clinic, we argue here that they will become much more powerful when combined with machine learning analysis of genomic data, which can guide the design of therapeutic recognition programs that are the most discriminatory and actionable. The merging of cancer analytics and synthetic biology could lead to nuanced paradigms of tumour recognition, more akin to facial recognition, that have the ability to more effectively address the complex challenges of treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cell Design Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendell A Lim
- Cell Design Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Nguyen A, Kumar S, Kulkarni AA. Nanotheranostic Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200718. [PMID: 36382571 PMCID: PMC11056828 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer immunotherapy, heterogeneity in tumor response impose barriers to successful treatments and accurate prognosis. Effective therapy and early outcome detection are critical as toxicity profiles following immunotherapies can severely affect patients' quality of life. Existing imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or multiplexed imaging, are often used in clinics yet suffer from limitations in the early assessment of immune response. Conventional strategies to validate immune response mainly rely on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the modified iRECIST for immuno-oncology drug trials. However, accurate monitoring of immunotherapy efficacy is challenging since the response does not always follow conventional RECIST criteria due to delayed and variable kinetics in immunotherapy responses. Engineered nanomaterials for immunotherapy applications have significantly contributed to overcoming these challenges by improving drug delivery and dynamic imaging techniques. This review summarizes challenges in recent immune-modulation approaches and traditional imaging tools, followed by emerging developments in three-in-one nanoimmunotheranostic systems co-opting nanotechnology, immunotherapy, and imaging. In addition, a comprehensive overview of imaging modalities in recent cancer immunotherapy research and a brief outlook on how nanotheranostic platforms can potentially advance to clinical translations for the field of immuno-oncology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sahana Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ashish A. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Carrara SC, Harwardt J, Grzeschik J, Hock B, Kolmar H. TriTECM: A tetrafunctional T-cell engaging antibody with built-in risk mitigation of cytokine release syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051875. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the innate power of T cells for therapeutic benefit has seen many shortcomings due to cytotoxicity in the past, but still remains a very attractive mechanism of action for immune-modulating biotherapeutics. With the intent of expanding the therapeutic window for T-cell targeting biotherapeutics, we present an attenuated trispecific T-cell engager (TCE) combined with an anti- interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) binding moiety in order to modulate cytokine activity (TriTECM). Overshooting cytokine release, culminating in cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is one of the severest adverse effects observed with T-cell immunotherapies, where the IL-6/IL-6R axis is known to play a pivotal role. By targeting two tumour-associated antigens, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), simultaneously with a bispecific two-in-one antibody, high tumour selectivity together with checkpoint inhibition was achieved. We generated tetrafunctional molecules that contained additional CD3- and IL-6R-binding modules. Ligand competition for both PD-L1 and IL-6R as well as inhibition of both EGF- and IL-6-mediated signalling pathways was observed. Furthermore, TriTECM molecules were able to activate T cells and trigger T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity through CD3-binding in an attenuated fashion. A decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) after T-cell activation was observed for the TriTECM molecules compared to their respective controls lacking IL-6R binding, hinting at a successful attenuation and potential modulation via IL-6R. As IL-6 is a key player in cytokine release syndrome as well as being implicated in enhancing tumour progression, such molecule designs could reduce side effects and cytotoxicity observed with previous TCEs and widen their therapeutic windows.
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Wu Z, Wang H, Wu J, Huang Y, Zhao X, Nguyen J, Rosconi M, Pyles EA, Qiu H, Li N. High-Sensitivity and High-Resolution Therapeutic Antibody Charge Variant and Impurity Characterization by Microfluidic Native Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu CG, Casanova R, Mairinger F, Soltermann A. Lung adenocarcinoma patients with malignant pleural effusions in hot adaptive immunity status have a longer overall survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031094. [PMID: 36267973 PMCID: PMC9577289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) which is associated with a dismal prognosis. We investigated the prognostic role of PD-L1 and other immunomodulators expression in the immune compartment of MPE immune composition. MPE cytologic cell blocks of 83 LADC patients were analysed for the mRNA expression of 770 cancer-immune genes by the NanoString nCounter platform. The expression of relevant immune cell lineage markers was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using quantitative pathology. The mRNA immune profiling identified four MPE patient clusters (C). C1/2 (adaptive+, hot) showed better overall survival (OS) than C3/4 (adaptive-, cold). Additionally, cold immunity profiles (adaptive-), C4 (innate+) were associated with worse OS than C3 (innate-). High PD-L1 expression was linked to the regulation of T cell activation and interferon signalling pathways. Genes of pattern recognition receptor and type I interferon signalling pathways were specifically upregulated in the long-survival (≥90 days) patient group. Moreover, immunomodulators were co-activated and highly expressed in hot adaptive immunity patient clusters, whereas CD274 (PD-L1), TNFRSF9 (4-1BB), VEGFA (VEGF-A) and CD276 (B7-H3) were upregulated in the groups referred as cold. The patient cluster, age and PD-L1 expression were independent prognosticators for LADC MPE patients (p-value < 0.05). Our study sheds light on the variances of immune contexture regarding different PD-L1 expression and survival conditions. It revealed four distinct prognostic patient clusters with specific immune cell components and immunomodulator expression profiles, which, collectively, is supportive for future therapeutic and prognosis for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Guang Wu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Guang Wu, ; Alex Soltermann,
| | - Ruben Casanova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Facharzt Foederatio Medicorum Helveticorum (FMH) Pathologie, Pathologie Länggasse, Ittigen, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Guang Wu, ; Alex Soltermann,
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Design Strategies and Precautions for Using Vaccinia Virus in Tumor Virotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091552. [PMID: 36146629 PMCID: PMC9504998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a novel form of cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can directly infect and lyse the tumor cells, and modulate the beneficial immune microenvironment. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a promising oncolytic vector because of its high safety, easy gene editing, and tumor intrinsic selectivity. To further improve the safety, tumor-targeting ability, and OV-induced cancer-specific immune activation, various approaches have been used to modify OVs. The recombinant oncolytic VACVs with deleting viral virulence factors and/or arming various therapeutic genes have displayed better therapeutic effects in multiple tumor models. Moreover, the combination of OVs with other cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells, has the potential to improve the outcome in cancer patients. This will open up new possibilities for the application of OVs in cancer treatment, especially for personalized cancer therapies.
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Cheung NKV. Bispecific antibodies for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108241. [PMID: 35830901 PMCID: PMC10351215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) are a new generation of antibody-based therapy, conveying artificial specificity to polyclonal T cells or radiohaptens. These drugs have been successfully implemented to cure hematologic malignancies and are under clinical investigation for solid tumors including HRNB. BsAbs designed to engage T cells or increase the therapeutic index of radiotherapy hold the potential to significantly improve the long-term survival of HRNB patients by shrinking bulky tumors and more effectively eliminating micrometastases and preventing relapse. BsAbs can also be used to arm T cells, yielding a product analogous to CAR T cells, possibly with an improved safety profile. A thoughtful and realistic integration of these therapies into the standard of care should benefit more patients worldwide. Here we describe the history of development of BsAbs for HRNB, which dates back almost three decades. We discuss the merits and pitfalls of all relevant BsAbs, including T cell-engagers and agents used for radioimmunotherapy, highlighting the importance of structural design and interdomain spacing for anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, NY 10065, New York.
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, NY 10065, New York
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Nejadghaderi SA, Balibegloo M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Clinical safety and efficacy of bispecific antibody in the treatment of solid tumors: A protocol for a systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271506. [PMID: 35849585 PMCID: PMC9292075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancers are among the most common causes of mortality and morbidity. Recently, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have been used for cancer treatment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to determine the safety and efficacy of BsAbs in the treatment of solid tumors. Methods We will search five electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, in addition to Clinical-Trials.gov and metaRegister of controlled trials and backward and forward citation searching of included studies. Eligible studies will be controlled clinical trials evaluating safety and/or efficacy of BsAbs in adult patients with solid tumors. The primary outcomes will be the incidence of safety and efficacy measures. Title and/or abstract screening, full text reviewing, data collection, and quality assessment will be done by two reviewers. We will use The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool 2 (RoB2) to assess the quality of included studies. If I-square heterogeneity was greater than 40%, we will implement random effect model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be undertaken if applicable. The metaprop command of STATA will be used to calculate frequency of AEs. Funnel plot, Egger’s and Peter’s tests will be utilized to evaluate publication bias in case of including at least ten studies. We will use sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effects of funding sources and continuity correction on effects size. Conclusions The findings of the present study will provide information on safety and efficacy of BsAbs for physicians and researchers in the management of solid tumors. Trial registration Registration on PROSPERO CRD42021227879 Also, important protocol amendments will be stated on PROSPERO registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Balibegloo
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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Sheehan B, Neeb A, Buroni L, Paschalis A, Riisnaes R, Gurel B, Gil V, Miranda S, Crespo M, Guo C, Jiménez Vacas J, Figueiredo I, Ferreira A, Welti J, Yuan W, Carreira S, Sharp A, de Bono J. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression and Response to DNA Damaging Agents in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3104-3115. [PMID: 35552383 PMCID: PMC9365343 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting therapies such as Lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA-617 are affecting outcomes from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, a significant subset of patients have prostate cancer cells lacking PSMA expression, raising concerns about treatment resistance attributable at least in part to heterogeneous PSMA expression. We have previously demonstrated an association between high PSMA expression and DNA damage repair defects in mCRPC biopsies and therefore hypothesized that DNA damage upregulates PSMA expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To test this relationship between PSMA and DNA damage we conducted a screen of 147 anticancer agents (NCI/NIH FDA-approved anticancer "Oncology Set") and treated tumor cells with repeated ionizing irradiation. RESULTS The topoisomerase-2 inhibitors, daunorubicin and mitoxantrone, were identified from the screen to upregulate PSMA protein expression in castration-resistant LNCaP95 cells; this result was validated in vitro in LNCaP, LNCaP95, and 22Rv1 cell lines and in vivo using an mCRPC patient-derived xenograft model CP286 identified to have heterogeneous PSMA expression. As double-strand DNA break induction by topoisomerase-2 inhibitors upregulated PSMA, we next studied the impact of ionizing radiation on PSMA expression; this also upregulated PSMA protein expression in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS The results presented herein are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that PSMA is upregulated in response to double-strand DNA damage by anticancer treatment. These data support the study of rational combinations that maximize the antitumor activity of PSMA-targeted therapeutic strategies by upregulating PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antje Neeb
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christina Guo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jon Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
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Li Z, Yang D, Guo T, Lin M. Advances in MUC1-Mediated Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070952. [PMID: 35883508 PMCID: PMC9313386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors among women. Fortunately, however, immunotherapy has recently become a prospective BRCA treatment with encouraging achievements and mild safety profiles. Since the overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 (human mucin) are closely associated with BRCA, it has become an ideal target for BRCA immunotherapies. In this review, the structure and function of MUC1 are briefly introduced, and the main research achievements in different kinds of MUC1-mediated BRCA immunotherapy are highlighted, from the laboratory to the clinic. Afterward, the future directions of MUC1-mediated BRCA immunotherapy are predicted, addressing, for example, urgent issues in regard to how efficient immunotherapeutic strategies can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Li
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Z.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dazhuang Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Z.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ting Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Mei Lin
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou 225300, China;
- Correspondence:
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40
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Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer-Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126664. [PMID: 35743107 PMCID: PMC9224428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer constitutes a highly lethal entity among malignancies in the last decades and is still a major challenge for cancer therapeutic options. Despite the current combinational treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the survival rates remain notably low for patients with advanced disease. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that influence tumor progression and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. Currently, the development and the assessment of the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in GI cancer are in the spotlight of several clinical trials. Thus, several new modalities and combinational treatments with other anti-neoplastic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficiency in cancer management, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and/or combinations thereof. Understanding the interrelation among the tumor microenvironment, cancer progression, and immune resistance is pivotal for the optimal therapeutic management of all gastrointestinal solid tumors. This review will shed light on the recent advances and future directions of immunotherapy for malignant tumors of the GI system.
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Nisar M, Paracha RZ, Adil S, Qureshi SN, Janjua HA. An Extensive Review on Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Oncolytic Viruses Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875188. [PMID: 35686109 PMCID: PMC9171400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance and peculiar tumor microenvironment, which diminish or mitigate the effects of therapies, make pancreatic cancer one of the deadliest malignancies to manage and treat. Advanced immunotherapies are under consideration intending to ameliorate the overall patient survival rate in pancreatic cancer. Oncolytic viruses therapy is a new type of immunotherapy in which a virus after infecting and lysis the cancer cell induces/activates patients’ immune response by releasing tumor antigen in the blood. The current review covers the pathways and molecular ablation that take place in pancreatic cancer cells. It also unfolds the extensive preclinical and clinical trial studies of oncolytic viruses performed and/or undergoing to design an efficacious therapy against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Adil
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hussnain Ahmed Janjua
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Luo W, Wang Y, Zhang T. Win or loss? Combination therapy does improve the oncolytic virus therapy to pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35443724 PMCID: PMC9022249 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a growing global burden, remaining one of the most lethal cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, PC is resistant to various treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. New therapies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of PC. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising new treatment option. OV is a genetically modified virus that selectively replicates in tumor cells. It can kill tumor cells without harming normal cells. The activation of tumor-specific T-cells is a unique feature of OV-mediated therapy. However, OV-mediated mono-therapeutic efficacy remains controversial, especially for metastatic or advanced patients who require systemically deliverable therapies. Hence, combination therapies will be critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy of OV-mediated therapy and prevent tumor recurrence. This review aims to investigate novel combinatorial treatments with OV therapy and explore the inner mechanism of those combined therapies, hopefully providing a new direction for a better prognosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, The Translational Medicine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), PUMCH, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Harding JJ, Garrido-Laguna I, Chen X, Basu C, Dowlati A, Forgie A, Hooper AT, Kamperschroer C, Max SI, Moreau A, Shannon M, Wong GY, Hong DS. A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of PF-06671008, a Bispecific T-Cell-Engaging Therapy Targeting P-Cadherin in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845417. [PMID: 35493516 PMCID: PMC9047766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule that is overexpressed in several solid tumors. PF-06671008 is a T-cell–redirecting bispecific antibody that engages both P-cadherin on tumors and CD3ϵ on T cells and induces antitumor activity in preclinical models. We conducted a phase 1, open-label, first-in-human, dose-escalation study to characterize the safety and tolerability of PF-06671008, towards determining the recommended phase 2 dose. Adult patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors received PF-06671008 (1.5–400 ng/kg) as a weekly intravenous (IV) infusion on a 21-day/3-week cycle. Parallel cohorts evaluated dosing via subcutaneous injection (SC) or an IV-prime dose. Of the 27 patients enrolled in the study, 24 received PF-06671008 IV in escalating doses, two received SC, and one IV-prime. A dose-limiting toxicity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in the 400-ng/kg IV group, prompting evaluation of SC and IV-prime schedules. In all, 25/27 patients who received PF-06671008 reported at least one treatment-related adverse event (TRAE); the most common were CRS (21/27), decreased lymphocyte count (9/27), and hypophosphatemia (8/27). Seven patients permanently discontinued treatment due to adverse events and no treatment-related deaths occurred. Cytokine peak concentrations and CRS grade appeared to positively correlate with Cmax. Although the study was terminated due to limited antitumor activity, it provides important insights into understanding and managing immune-related adverse events resulting from this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Harding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Xiaoying Chen
- Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia Basu
- Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alison Forgie
- Early Clinical Development and Oncology Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrea T. Hooper
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Cris Kamperschroer
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Groton, CT, United States
| | - Steven I. Max
- Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, United States
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Allison Moreau
- Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Megan Shannon
- Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gilbert Y. Wong
- Early Clinical Development and Oncology Research, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David S. Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Hong,
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Han MH, Kim CH. Current Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Malignant Gliomas. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2022; 10:1-11. [PMID: 35118842 PMCID: PMC8819466 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.10.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor (48.3%), with a median survival of only about 14.6 months. Although the CNS is an immune-privileged site, activated T cells can cross the blood-brain barrier. The recent successes of several immunotherapies for various cancers have drawn interest in immunotherapy for treatment of malignant glioma. There have been extensive attempts to evaluate the efficiency of immunotherapy against malignant glioma. Passive immunotherapy for malignant glioma includes monoclonal antibody-mediated immunotherapy, cytokine-mediated therapy, and adoptive cell transfer, also known as chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment. On the other hand, active immunotherapy, which stimulates the patient’s adaptive immune system against specific tumor-associated antigens, includes cancer vaccines that are divided into peptide vaccines and cell-based vaccines. In addition, there is immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which increases the efficiency of immunotherapy by reducing the resistance of malignant glioma to immunotherapy. Despite centuries of efforts, immunotherapeutic successes for malignant glioma remain limited. However, many clinical trials of adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy on malignant glioma are ongoing, and the outcomes are eagerly awaited. In addition, although there are still several obstacles, current clinical trials using personalized neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccines offer new hope to glioblastoma patients. Furthermore, immune checkpoint targeted therapy is expected to decipher the mechanism of immunotherapy resistance in malignant glioma in the near future. More studies are needed to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignant glioma. We hope that immunotherapy will become a new treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.
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Supruniuk K, Czarnomysy R, Muszyńska A, Radziejewska I. Anti-cancer effects of pyrazole-platinum(II) complexes combined with anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody versus monotherapy in DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101348. [PMID: 35121220 PMCID: PMC8818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound MUC1 mucin is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in many epithelium origin cancers. One of the promising strategies in cancer therapy is combining monoclonal antibodies against cancer related antigens, like MUC1, with chemotherapeutics. In the study we evaluated the potency of cisplatin (cisPt), two pyrazole-platinum(II) complexes PtPz4, PtPz6, and anti-MUC1 mAb applied as monotherapy, as well as the chemotherapeutics administrated with antibody, towards apoptotic response and cancer-related carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) in DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cells. To assess the impact of the tested compounds on the examined factors flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA were utilized. The combined therapy was more potent than monotherapy towards Bcl-2, Bid, caspases and TACAs of both cell lines. Combined therapy applied in DLD-1 cells induced apoptosis, was more effective than monotherapy in relation to p53, Bcl-xL, Bax, and Bim. In HT-29 cells, anti-MUC1 administrated with the drugs was more potent than monotherapy towards Bad. The proposed anti-MUC1/cisPt and pyrazole-platinum(II) complexes PtPz4, PtPz6 combined therapy may be promising anti-colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, Białystok 15- 222, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, Białystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Anna Muszyńska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, Białystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, Białystok 15- 222, Poland.
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Yanakieva D, Pekar L, Evers A, Fleischer M, Keller S, Mueller-Pompalla D, Toleikis L, Kolmar H, Zielonka S, Krah S. Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities. MAbs 2022; 14:2018960. [PMID: 35014603 PMCID: PMC8757479 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled Fab arm exchange (cFAE) has proven to be a generic and versatile technology for the efficient generation of IgG-like bispecific antibodies (DuoBodies or DBs), with several in clinical development and one product, amivantamab, approved by the Food and Drug Administration. In this study, we expand the cFAE-toolbox by incorporating VHH-modules at the C-termini of DB-IgGs, termed DB-VHHs. This approach enables the combinatorial generation of tri- and tetraspecific molecules with flexible valencies in a straightforward fashion. Using cFAE, a variety of multispecific molecules was produced and assessed for manufacturability and physicochemical characteristics. In addition, we were able to generate DB-VHHs that efficiently triggered natural killer cell mediated lysis of tumor cells, demonstrating the utility of this format for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Yanakieva
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Fleischer
- Protein and Cell Sciences, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Keller
- Protein and Cell Sciences, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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47
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A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy and Generation of CAR T Cell by CRISPR-Cas9. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in immune responses to cancer have been extensively studied for several decades, and considerable attention has been paid to harnessing the immune system’s therapeutic potential. Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a promising new treatment option for a variety of cancer types. Various strategies including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T-cell cancer therapy and CAR T-cell therapy have gained prominence through immunotherapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy remains to be accomplished. In spite of having startling aspects, cancer immunotherapies have some difficulties including the inability to effectively target cancer antigens and the abnormalities in patients’ responses. With the advancement in technology, this system has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body including the generation of engineered T cells. Due to its high specificity, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Recently, the CD19-mediated CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy has opened a new avenue for the treatment of human cancer, though low efficiency is a major drawback of this process. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the CAR T cell (engineered T cells that induce the chimeric antigen receptor) by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a better weapon to fight against cancer. In this review, we have broadly focused on recent immunotherapeutic techniques against cancer and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the modification of the T cell, which can specifically recognize cancer cells and be used as immune-therapeutics against cancer.
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Feng R, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhang W. The role of B7-H3 in tumors and its potential in clinical application. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108153. [PMID: 34678689 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B7-H3 (CD276 molecule) is an immune checkpoint from the B7 family of molecules that acts more as a co-inhibitory molecule to promote tumor progression. It is abnormally expressed on tumor cells and can be induced to express on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), B7-H3 promotes tumor progression by impairing T cell response, promoting the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M2, inhibiting the function of DCs, and promoting the migration and invasion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In addition, through non-immunological functions, B7-H3 promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, resistance, angiogenesis, and metabolism, or in the form of exosomes to promote tumor progression. In this process, microRNAs can regulate the expression of B7-H3. B7-H3 may serve as a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis and a marker of poor prognosis. Immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 and the combination of B7-H3 and other immune checkpoints have shown certain efficacy. In this review, we summarized the basic characteristics of B7-H3 and its mechanism to promote tumor progression by inducing immunosuppression and non-immunological functions, as well as the potential clinical applications of B7-H3 and immunotherapy based on B7-H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Andrology, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Kontermann RE, Ungerechts G, Nettelbeck DM. Viro-antibody therapy: engineering oncolytic viruses for genetic delivery of diverse antibody-based biotherapeutics. MAbs 2021; 13:1982447. [PMID: 34747345 PMCID: PMC8583164 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1982447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics approved for clinical application include oncolytic viruses and antibodies, which evolved by nature, but were improved by molecular engineering. Both facilitate outstanding tumor selectivity and pleiotropic activities, but also face challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and limited tumor penetration. An innovative strategy to address these challenges combines both agents in a single, multitasking therapeutic, i.e., an oncolytic virus engineered to express therapeutic antibodies. Such viro-antibody therapies genetically deliver antibodies to tumors from amplified virus genomes, thereby complementing viral oncolysis with antibody-defined therapeutic action. Here, we review the strategies of viro-antibody therapy that have been pursued exploiting diverse virus platforms, antibody formats, and antibody-mediated modes of action. We provide a comprehensive overview of reported antibody-encoding oncolytic viruses and highlight the achievements of 13 years of viro-antibody research. It has been shown that functional therapeutic antibodies of different formats can be expressed in and released from cancer cells infected with different oncolytic viruses. Virus-encoded antibodies have implemented direct tumor cell killing, anti-angiogenesis, or activation of adaptive immune responses to kill tumor cells, tumor stroma cells or inhibitory immune cells. Importantly, numerous reports have shown therapeutic activity complementary to viral oncolysis for these modalities. Also, challenges for future research have been revealed. Established engineering technologies for both oncolytic viruses and antibodies will enable researchers to address these challenges, facilitating the development of effective viro-antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Caron B, Netter P, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Bispecific antibodies for the treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: an avenue worth exploring? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:951-953. [PMID: 34612123 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.1985999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm NGERE U1256, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Netter
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Ingénierie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR-7365 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, University of Lorraine and University Hospital of Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm NGERE U1256, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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