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Kim H, Kim BJ, Koh S, Cho HJ, Jin X, Kim BG, Choi JY. High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system: regeneration hidden beneath inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:107-115. [PMID: 38767480 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields, including neurology and neuroscience. High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern, which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern, such as glycyrrhizin, ethyl pyruvate, and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies, are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders. Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect, high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders. In this narrative review, we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern, its downstream receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways, how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system, and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role. Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanki Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seungyon Koh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Cho
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Xuelian Jin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Ertel A, Anderegg U, Franz S, Saalbach A. Dermal white adipose tissue derived IL-33 regulates interleukin 4/13 expression in myeloid cells during inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01862-1. [PMID: 38909842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Effective tissue response to infection and injury essentially relies on the fine-tuned induction and subsequent resolution of inflammation. Recent research highlighted multiple functions of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) beyond its traditional role as an energy reservoir. However, in contrast to other fat depots, there are only limited data about putative immune-regulatory functions of dWAT. Therefore, we investigated the impact of dWAT in the control of an acute skin inflammation. Skin inflammation triggers the activation of dWAT. In turn, soluble mediators of activated dWAT stimulate the expression of numerous genes controlling skin inflammation including the Th2 cell cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in myeloid cells in vitro. Consistently, myeloid cells isolated from inflamed skin showed a significant upregulation of IL-4/13 expression compared to those isolated from healthy skin. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that interleukin-33 (IL-33) released from activated dWAT is responsible for IL-4/13 stimulation in myeloid cells. Interestingly, obesity attenuates IL-33 secretion in dWAT during inflammation resulting in decreased IL-4 and IL-13 expression in myeloid cells. Our data reveal an IL-33 - IL-4/13 signaling cascade initiated from dWAT in a Th2 independent context of inflammation that may contribute to limitation of inflammation. This cascade seems to be disturbed in obese individuals with prolonged inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ertel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Adachi S, Kirino Y, Higashitani K, Hirahara L, Maeda A, Horita N, Takase-Minegishi K, Yoshimi R, Nakajima H. Targeting enhanced cell death represents a potential therapeutic strategy for VEXAS syndrome. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2024; 8:rkae065. [PMID: 38854419 PMCID: PMC11157137 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To unravel the mechanisms underlying cell death in the vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome using peripheral blood samples and to assess the clinical value of this knowledge. Methods Nine patients undergoing treatment for VEXAS syndrome at Yokohama City University Hospital were included in this study. Monocytes and neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and then monocytes were differentiated into polarized macrophages. Viable cell counts, cell death assays and measurements of various indicators such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentration, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, annexin V level and caspase 1, 3 and 7 activities were performed. Results Elevated cell death of monocytes and neutrophils was observed in VEXAS syndrome patients, as indicated by cultured cell counts and cell death assays. Annexin V assays and measurements of caspase 1, 3 and 7 activities suggested increased apoptosis and pyroptosis in these cells. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in VEXAS syndrome patients and decreased after prednisolone (PSL) dose escalation. Monocytes and neutrophils from the VEXAS group exhibited heightened extracellular ATP secretion, which was significantly reduced by soluble PSL co-culture. Conclusion This study confirms increased cell death of monocytes and neutrophils and damage-associated molecular patterns in VEXAS syndrome, and these findings may be valuable for drug screening, therapeutic strategies and as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Adachi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kana Higashitani
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lisa Hirahara
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Maeda
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Chemotherapy Center, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takase-Minegishi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Zheng H, Wu T, Lin Z, Wang D, Zhang J, Zeng T, Liu L, Shen J, Zhao M, Li JD, Yang M. Targeting BMAL1 reverses drug resistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells and promotes ferroptosis through HMGB1-GPX4 signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:231. [PMID: 38703241 PMCID: PMC11069489 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a refractory hematologic malignancy that poses a serious threat to human health. Exploring alternative therapeutic strategies capable of inducing alternative modes of cell death, such as ferroptosis, holds great promise as a viable and effective intervention. METHODS We analyzed online database data and collected clinical samples to verify the expression and function of BMAL1 in AML. We conducted experiments on AML cell proliferation, cell cycle, ferroptosis, and chemotherapy resistance by overexpressing/knocking down BMAL1 and using assays such as MDA detection and BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining. We validated the transcriptional regulation of HMGB1 by BMAL1 through ChIP assay, luciferase assay, RNA level detection, and western blotting. Finally, we confirmed the results of our cell experiments at the animal level. RESULTS BMAL1 up-regulation is an observed phenomenon in AML patients. Furthermore, there existed a strong correlation between elevated levels of BMAL1 expression and inferior prognosis in individuals with AML. We found that knocking down BMAL1 inhibited AML cell growth by blocking the cell cycle. Conversely, overexpressing BMAL1 promoted AML cell proliferation. Moreover, our research results revealed that BMAL1 inhibited ferroptosis in AML cells through BMAL1-HMGB1-GPX4 pathway. Finally, knocking down BMAL1 can enhance the efficacy of certain first-line cancer therapeutic drugs, including venetoclax, dasatinib, and sorafenib. CONCLUSION Our research results suggest that BMAL1 plays a crucial regulatory role in AML cell proliferation, drug resistance, and ferroptosis. BMAL1 could be a potential important therapeutic target for AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- HMGB1 Protein/metabolism
- HMGB1 Protein/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Mice, Nude
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Leping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Da Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Minghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Blair I, Fan J, Gillespie K, Mesaros C. Ferroptosis and HMGB2 induced calreticulin translocation required for immunogenic cell death are controlled by the nuclear exporter XPO1. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4009459. [PMID: 38496553 PMCID: PMC10942558 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4009459/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin and oxaliplatin cause the secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from cancer cells, which is necessary for initiation of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Calreticulin (CRT) translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane is also required; oxaliplatin induces this translocation but cisplatin does not. We have discovered that oxaliplatin causes the secretion of both HMGB1 and HMGB2 from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu. We previously showed that cisplatin mediated secretion of HMGB1 is controlled by the nuclear exporter XPO1 (chromosomal maintenance 1; CRM1). We now find that XPO1 regulates oxaliplatin mediated secretion of both HMGB1 and HMGB2. XPO1 inhibition causes nuclear accumulation of both proteins, inhibition of oxaliplatin-mediated ferroptosis of colon cancer cells, and inhibition of CRT translocation to the plasma membrane of lung and colon cancer cells. Incubation of cancer cells with cell targeted (CT)-HMGB2 confirmed that HMGB2 is responsible for translocation of CRT to the plasma membrane. CT-HMGB2 is three orders of magnitude more potent than oxaliplatin at inducing CRT translocation. Inhibition of HMGB1 and HMGB2 secretion and/or their activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) has potential utility for treating cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases; whereas CT-HMGB2 could augment therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment.
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Fan A, Gao M, Tang X, Jiao M, Wang C, Wei Y, Gong Q, Zhong J. HMGB1/RAGE axis in tumor development: unraveling its significance. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336191. [PMID: 38529373 PMCID: PMC10962444 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) plays a complex role in tumor biology. When released into the extracellular space, it binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) located on the cell membrane, playing an important role in tumor development by regulating a number of biological processes and signal pathways. In this review, we outline the multifaceted functions of the HMGB1/RAGE axis, which encompasses tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This axis is instrumental in tumor progression, promoting tumor cell proliferation, autophagy, metastasis, and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis, through pivotal signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, ERK, and STAT3. Notably, small molecules, such as miRNA-218, ethyl pyruvate (EP), and glycyrrhizin exhibit the ability to inhibit the HMGB1/RAGE axis, restraining tumor development. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the HMGB1/RAGE axis in tumors is of great importance, and the development of inhibitors targeting this axis warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Fan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxiang Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuhuan Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengya Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Santacroce L, Topi S, Charitos IA, Lovero R, Luperto P, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E. Current Views about the Inflammatory Damage Triggered by Bacterial Superantigens and Experimental Attempts to Neutralize Superantigen-Mediated Toxic Effects with Natural and Biological Products. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:18-31. [PMID: 38251046 PMCID: PMC10801599 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Superantigens, i.e., staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, interact with T cells in a different manner in comparison to conventional antigens. In fact, they activate a larger contingent of T lymphocytes, binding outside the peptide-binding groove of the major histocompatibility complex class II. Involvement of many T cells by superantigens leads to a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Such a storm of mediators has been shown to account for tissue damage, multiorgan failure and shock. Besides conventional drugs and biotherapeutics, experiments with natural and biological products have been undertaken to attenuate the toxic effects exerted by superantigens. In this review, emphasis will be placed on polyphenols, probiotics, beta-glucans and antimicrobial peptides. In fact, these substances share a common functional denominator, since they skew the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory profile, thus mitigating the cytokine wave evoked by superantigens. However, clinical applications of these products are still scarce, and more trials are needed to validate their usefulness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Division of Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS) of Pavia—Scientific Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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