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Duvivier L, Gerard L, Diaz A, Gillet JP. Linking ABC transporters to the hallmarks of cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:124-134. [PMID: 37884430 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitously expressed and transport a broad range of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABC genes cause 21 monogenic diseases, and polymorphisms in these genes are associated with susceptibility to complex diseases. ABC transporters also play a major role in drug bioavailability, and they mediate multidrug resistance in cancer. At least 13 ABC transporters were shown to be involved in drug resistance in vitro. In the past decade, efforts have been made to elucidate their roles in tumor biology. Herein, we explore their involvement in tumorigenesis, focusing on the hallmarks of cells as they make their way from normalcy to neoplastic growth states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duvivier
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Louise Gerard
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Adriana Diaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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2
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Matera I, Miglionico R, Abruzzese V, Marchese G, Ventola GM, Castiglione Morelli MA, Bisaccia F, Ostuni A. A Regulator Role for the ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 6 Transporter in HepG2 Cells: Effect on the Dynamics of Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16391. [PMID: 38003580 PMCID: PMC10670978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters contribute to the growth and development of tumors, but relatively little is known about how the ABC transporter family behaves in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide. Cellular model studies have shown that ABCC6, which belongs to the ABC subfamily C (ABCC), plays a role in the cytoskeleton rearrangement and migration of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, thus highlighting its role in cancer biology. Deep knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed results could provide therapeutic insights into the tumors in which ABCC6 is modulated. In this study, differential expression levels of mRNA transcripts between ABCC6-silenced HepG2 and control groups were measured, and subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Real-Time PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed bioinformatics; functional studies support the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects. The results provide valuable information on the dysregulation of fundamental cellular processes, such as the focal adhesion pathway, which allowed us to obtain detailed information on the active role that the down-regulation of ABCC6 could play in the biology of liver tumors, as it is involved not only in cell migration but also in cell adhesion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Matera
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.M.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.C.M.)
| | - Rocchina Miglionico
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.M.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.C.M.)
| | - Vittorio Abruzzese
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.M.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.C.M.)
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (G.M.V.)
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | | | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.M.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.C.M.)
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.M.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.C.M.)
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3
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Wynsberghe JV, Vanakker OM. Significance of Premature Vertebral Mineralization in Zebrafish Models in Mechanistic and Pharmaceutical Research on Hereditary Multisystem Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1621. [PMID: 38002303 PMCID: PMC10669475 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly becoming an important model organism for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and investigating how these mechanisms can be effectively targeted using compounds that may open avenues to novel treatments for patients. The zebrafish skeleton has been particularly instrumental in modeling bone diseases as-contrary to other model organisms-the lower load on the skeleton of an aquatic animal enables mutants to survive to early adulthood. In this respect, the axial skeletons of zebrafish have been a good read-out for congenital spinal deformities such as scoliosis and degenerative disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, in which aberrant mineralization in humans is reflected in the respective zebrafish models. Interestingly, there have been several reports of hereditary multisystemic diseases that do not affect the vertebral column in human patients, while the corresponding zebrafish models systematically show anomalies in mineralization and morphology of the spine as their leading or, in some cases, only phenotype. In this review, we describe such examples, highlighting the underlying mechanisms, the already-used or potential power of these models to help us understand and amend the mineralization process, and the outstanding questions on how and why this specific axial type of aberrant mineralization occurs in these disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Wynsberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ectopic Mineralization Research Group, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ectopic Mineralization Research Group, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Plümers R, Lindenkamp C, Osterhage MR, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Matrix Metalloproteinases Contribute to the Calcification Phenotype in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. Biomolecules 2023; 13:672. [PMID: 37189419 PMCID: PMC10135689 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic calcification and dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling are prominent hallmarks of the complex heterogenous pathobiochemistry of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The disease arises from mutations in ABCC6, an ATP-binding cassette transporter expressed predominantly in the liver. Neither its substrate nor the mechanisms by which it contributes to PXE are completely understood. The fibroblasts isolated from PXE patients and Abcc6-/- mice were subjected to RNA sequencing. A group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) clustering on human chromosome 11q21-23, respectively, murine chromosome 9, was found to be overexpressed. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent staining confirmed these findings. The induction of calcification by CaCl2 resulted in the elevated expression of selected MMPs. On this basis, the influence of the MMP inhibitor Marimastat (BB-2516) on calcification was assessed. PXE fibroblasts (PXEFs) exhibited a pro-calcification phenotype basally. PXEF and normal human dermal fibroblasts responded with calcium deposit accumulation and the induced expression of osteopontin to the addition of Marimastat to the calcifying medium. The raised MMP expression in PXEFs and during cultivation with calcium indicates a correlation of ECM remodeling and ectopic calcification in PXE pathobiochemistry. We assume that MMPs make elastic fibers accessible to controlled, potentially osteopontin-dependent calcium deposition under calcifying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Doris Hendig
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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5
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Two Novel Precursors of the HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Darunavir Target the UPR/Proteasome System in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HepG2. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113052. [PMID: 34831275 PMCID: PMC8618555 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several pre-clinical and clinical reports suggest that HIV-1 protease inhibitors, in addition to the antiretroviral properties, possess pleiotropic pharmacological effects including anticancer action. Therefore, we investigated the pro-apoptotic activity in tumor cells of two molecules, RDD-19 and RDD-142, which are hydroxyethylamine derivatives’ precursors of darunavir and several HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Methods: Three hepatoma cell lines and one non-pathological cell line were treated with RDD-19 and RDD-142, and cell viability was assessed. The expression levels of several markers for ER stress, autophagy, cellular ubiquitination, and Akt activation were quantified in HepG2 cells treated with RDD-19 and RDD-142 to evaluate apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. Results: RDD-19 and RDD-142 showed a greater dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards the hepatic tumor cell line HepG2 compared to the non-pathological hepatic cell line IHH. Both molecules caused two types of cell death, a caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was ascertained by a series of biochemical and morphological assays, and a caspase-independent death that was characterized by the induction of ER stress and autophagy. The strong increase of ubiquitinated proteins inside the cells suggested that the target of these molecules could be the proteasome and in silico molecular docking analysis that was used to support the plausibility of this hypothesis. Furthermore, cells treated with the two compounds displayed decreased levels of p-AKT, which interferes with cell survival and proliferation. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that two compounds, RDD-19 and RDD-142, have pleiotropic effects and that they may represent promising anticancer candidates.
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Nollet L, Van Gils M, Willaert A, Coucke PJ, Vanakker OM. Minocycline attenuates excessive DNA damage response and reduces ectopic calcification in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1629-1638.e6. [PMID: 34742705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a hereditary ectopic calcification disorder affecting the skin, eyes and blood vessels. Recently, the DNA damage response (DDR), in particular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), was shown to be involved in aberrant mineralization raising the hypothesis that excessive DDR/PARP1 signaling also contributes to PXE pathogenesis. Using PXE patient and control fibroblasts, (lesional) skin tissue and abcc6a-/- zebrafish, we performed expression analysis of DDR/PARP1 targets with QRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and enzyme activity assays; before and after treatment with the PARP1 inhibitor minocycline. PARP1 and the ATM-p21-p53 axis was found to be significantly increased in PXE. Additionally, PARP1 downstream targets IL-6, STAT1/3, TET1 and RUNX2 were upregulated while the RUNX2-antagonist microRNA-204 was decreased. In PXE fibroblasts, DDR/PARP1 signaling increased with advancing ectopic calcification. Minocycline treatment attenuated DDR/PARP1 overexpression and reduced aberrant mineralization in PXE fibroblasts and abcc6a-/- zebrafish. In summary, we demonstrated the involvement of excessive DDR/PARP1 signaling in PXE pathophysiology, identifying a STAT-driven cascade resulting in increased expression of the epigenetic modifier TET1 and pro-calcifying transcription factor RUNX2. Minocycline attenuated this deleterious molecular mechanism and reduced ectopic calcification both in vitro and in vivo, fueling the exciting prospect of a novel therapeutic compound for PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Nollet
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Gils
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ectopic Mineralization Research Group Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Shimada BK, Pomozi V, Zoll J, Kuo S, Martin L, Le Saux O. ABCC6, Pyrophosphate and Ectopic Calcification: Therapeutic Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094555. [PMID: 33925341 PMCID: PMC8123679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological (ectopic) mineralization of soft tissues occurs during aging, in several common conditions such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and renal failure and in certain genetic disorders. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a multi-organ disease affecting dermal, ocular, and cardiovascular tissues, is a model for ectopic mineralization disorders. ABCC6 dysfunction is the primary cause of PXE, but also some cases of generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI). ABCC6 deficiency in mice underlies an inducible dystrophic cardiac calcification phenotype (DCC). These calcification diseases are part of a spectrum of mineralization disorders that also includes Calcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA). Since the identification of ABCC6 as the “PXE gene” and the development of several animal models (mice, rat, and zebrafish), there has been significant progress in our understanding of the molecular genetics, the clinical phenotypes, and pathogenesis of these diseases, which share similarities with more common conditions with abnormal calcification. ABCC6 facilitates the cellular efflux of ATP, which is rapidly converted into inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine by the ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD73 (NT5E). PPi is a potent endogenous inhibitor of calcification, whereas adenosine indirectly contributes to calcification inhibition by suppressing the synthesis of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). At present, therapies only exist to alleviate symptoms for both PXE and GACI; however, extensive studies have resulted in several novel approaches to treating PXE and GACI. This review seeks to summarize the role of ABCC6 in ectopic calcification in PXE and other calcification disorders, and discuss therapeutic strategies targeting various proteins in the pathway (ABCC6, NPP1, and TNAP) and direct inhibition of calcification via supplementation by various compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana K Shimada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Viola Pomozi
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janna Zoll
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Sheree Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE Consultation Center, MAGEC Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Angers University Hospital, 49100 Angers, France
- BNMI, CNRS 6214/INSERM 1083, University Bretagne-Loire, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
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Abruzzese V, Matera I, Martinelli F, Carmosino M, Koshal P, Milella L, Bisaccia F, Ostuni A. Effect of Quercetin on ABCC6 Transporter: Implication in HepG2 Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083871. [PMID: 33918053 PMCID: PMC8069417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a member of the flavonoid group of compounds, which is abundantly present in various dietary sources. It has excellent antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activity and is very effective as an anti-cancer agent against various types of tumors, both in vivo and in vitro. Quercetin has been also reported to modulate the activity of some members of the multidrug-resistance transporters family, such as P-gp, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2, and the activity of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E/CD73), a key regulator in some tumor processes such as invasion, migration, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Quercetin on ABCC6 expression in HepG2 cells. ABCC6 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, poorly involved in drug resistance, whose mutations cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum, an inherited disease characterized by ectopic calcification of soft connective tissues. Recently, it has been reported that ABCC6 contributes to cytoskeleton rearrangements and HepG2 cell motility through purinergic signaling. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics was evaluated by laser confocal microscopy using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. Cell motility was analyzed by an in vitro wound-healing migration assay. We propose that ABCC6 expression may be controlled by the AKT pathway as part of an adaptative response to oxidative stress, which can be mitigated by the use of Quercetin-like flavonoids.
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Veyrune L, Naumann DN, Christou N. Circulating Tumour Cells as Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083437. [PMID: 33918012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the deadliest cancers, partly due to local recurrence and metastatic disease. Tumour cells that spread by gaining access to peripheral blood are called circulating tumour cells (CTCs). These may be present before there are any clinical signs, but can be detected within blood samples. CTCs from patients with CRC may be isolated in a laboratory for characterization and multiple analyses. In this review, we focus on the prognostic potential of CTCs detection, by evaluating the reported progress and applications of such analyses. Our search found 77 relevant studies that reported CTC detection in CRC. Both cell count and features were reported as promising prognosis biomarkers. Since CTCs are rare and can lose their differentiation, new tools are being developed to improve detection. CTCs may have potential as prognostic biomarkers for CRC in terms of survival prediction, anticipating chemotherapy resistance, and surgical planning. CTCs are not yet used in clinical practice, and further investigations are required in order to better frame their practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Veyrune
- Department of Cytogenetics, Medical Genetics and Reproductive Biology, University Hospital Limoges, Avenue Martin Luther King, CEDEX 87042 Limoges, France
| | - David N Naumann
- General Surgery Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Niki Christou
- General Surgery Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
- Digestive Surgery Departement, University Hospital Limoges, Avenue Martin Luther King, CEDEX 87042 Limoges, France
- EA3842 CAPTuR Laboratory "Cell Activation Control, Tumour Progression and Therapeutic Resistance", Faculty of Medicine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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10
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Abstract
Quercetin is a member of the flavonoid group of compounds, which is abundantly present in various dietary sources. It has excellent antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activity and is very effective as an anti-cancer agent against various types of tumors, both in vivo and in vitro. Quercetin has been also reported to modulate the activity of some members of the multidrug-resistance transporters family, such as P-gp, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2, and the activity of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E/CD73), a key regulator in some tumor processes such as invasion, migration, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Quercetin on ABCC6 expression in HepG2 cells. ABCC6 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, poorly involved in drug resistance, whose mutations cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum, an inherited disease characterized by ectopic calcification of soft connective tissues. Recently, it has been reported that ABCC6 contributes to cytoskeleton rearrangements and HepG2 cell motility through purinergic signaling. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics was evaluated by laser confocal microscopy using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. Cell motility was analyzed by an in vitro wound-healing migration assay. We propose that ABCC6 expression may be controlled by the AKT pathway as part of an adaptative response to oxidative stress, which can be mitigated by the use of Quercetin-like flavonoids.
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11
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Structural and Functional Characterization of the ABCC6 Transporter in Hepatic Cells: Role on PXE, Cancer Therapy and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062858. [PMID: 33799762 PMCID: PMC8000515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a complex autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations of ABCC6 transporter and characterized by ectopic mineralization of soft connective tissues. Compared to the other ABC transporters, very few studies are available to explain the structural components and working of a full ABCC6 transporter, which may provide some idea about its physiological role in humans. Some studies suggest that mutations of ABCC6 in the liver lead to a decrease in some circulating factor and indicate that PXE is a metabolic disease. It has been reported that ABCC6 mediates the efflux of ATP, which is hydrolyzed in PPi and AMP; in the extracellular milieu, PPi gives potent anti-mineralization effect, whereas AMP is hydrolyzed to Pi and adenosine which affects some cellular properties by modulating the purinergic pathway. Structural and functional studies have demonstrated that silencing or inhibition of ABCC6 with probenecid changed the expression of several genes and proteins such as NT5E and TNAP, as well as Lamin, and CDK1, which are involved in cell motility and cell cycle. Furthermore, a change in cytoskeleton rearrangement and decreased motility of HepG2 cells makes ABCC6 a potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Collectively, these findings suggested that ABCC6 transporter performs functions that modify both the external and internal compartments of the cells.
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Giglio F, Castiglione Morelli MA, Matera I, Sinisgalli C, Rossano R, Ostuni A. Muscari comosum L. Bulb Extracts Modulate Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:E416. [PMID: 33466890 PMCID: PMC7830645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscari comosum L. bulbs are commonly used as food in South Italy and also in folk medicine. By evaluating in vitro antioxidant activity and biological activities of their aqueous and methanol extracts, we shed light on the potential role, including both the nutraceutical and health benefits, of this plant. Total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and by the aluminum chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant activity was investigated by three in vitro assays and relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI) was calculated to compare results obtained by different tests. The extracts were tested to evaluate their possible involvement in redox homeostasis, using the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line used as model. The extracts exhibited concentration/solvent dependent radical scavenging activity, as well as dysregulation of some genes involved in redox pathways by promoting Nrf2, SOD-2, GPX1, ABCC6 and ABCG2 expression. NMR metabolomics analysis suggests that HepG2 cells treated with Muscari comosum extracts experience changes in some metabolites involved in various metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.A.C.M.); (I.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.A.C.M.); (I.M.); (C.S.)
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13
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Tiemann J, Wagner T, Lindenkamp C, Plümers R, Faust I, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Linking ABCC6 Deficiency in Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts of PXE Patients to p21-Mediated Premature Cellular Senescence and the Development of a Proinflammatory Secretory Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9665. [PMID: 33352936 PMCID: PMC7766446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6) gene. Clinically PXE is characterized by a loss of skin elasticity, arteriosclerosis or visual impairments. It also shares some molecular characteristics with known premature aging syndromes like the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). However, little is known about accelerated aging processes, especially on a cellular level for PXE now. Therefore, this study was performed to reveal a potential connection between premature cellular aging and PXE pathogenesis by analyzing cellular senescence, a corresponding secretory phenotype and relevant factors of the cell cycle control in primary human dermal fibroblasts of PXE patients. Here, we could show an increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity as well as an increased expression of proinflammatory factors of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) like interleukin 6 (IL6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1). We further observed an increased gene expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) p21, but no simultaneous induction of p53 gene expression. These data indicate that PXE is associated with premature cellular senescence, which is possibly triggered by a p53-independent p21-mediated mechanism leading to a proinflammatory secretory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Doris Hendig
- Institut für Laboratoriums-und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (J.T.); (T.W.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (I.F.); (C.K.)
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Faraone I, Labanca F, Ponticelli M, De Tommasi N, Milella L. Recent Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Hydroxychloroquine on RNA Viruses and Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E5318. [PMID: 33202656 PMCID: PMC7696151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of the new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has actually become the newest challenge for the healthcare system since, to date, there is not an effective treatment. Among all drugs tested, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has attracted significant attention. This systematic review aims to analyze preclinical and clinical studies on HCQ potential use in viral infection and chronic diseases. A systematic search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed to identify clinical and preclinical studies on this argument; 2463 papers were identified and 133 studies were included. Regarding HCQ activity against COVID-19, it was noticed that despite the first data were promising, the latest outcomes highlighted the ineffectiveness of HCQ in the treatment of viral infection. Several trials have seen that HCQ administration did not improve severe illness and did not prevent the infection outbreak after virus exposure. By contrast, HCQ arises as a first-line treatment in managing autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren syndrome. It also improves glucose and lipid homeostasis and reveals significant antibacterial activity.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Chikungunya Fever/drug therapy
- Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology
- Chikungunya Fever/physiopathology
- Chikungunya Fever/virology
- Chikungunya virus/pathogenicity
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Drug Administration Schedule
- HIV/pathogenicity
- HIV Infections/drug therapy
- HIV Infections/epidemiology
- HIV Infections/physiopathology
- HIV Infections/virology
- Humans
- Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/physiopathology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/physiopathology
- Zika Virus/pathogenicity
- Zika Virus Infection/drug therapy
- Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
- Zika Virus Infection/physiopathology
- Zika Virus Infection/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, v.le dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., University of Basilicata, v.le dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabiana Labanca
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, v.le dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, v.le dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, v.le dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (F.L.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
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Petillo A, Abruzzese V, Koshal P, Ostuni A, Bisaccia F. Extracellular Citrate Is a Trojan Horse for Cancer Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:593866. [PMID: 33282912 PMCID: PMC7688668 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.593866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first intermediate in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is citrate, which is essential and acts as a metabolic regulator for glycolysis, TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Within the cytosol, citrate is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) into oxaloacetate (OAA) and acetyl-CoA; OAA can be used for neoglucogenesis or in the TCA cycle, while acetyl-CoA is the precursor of some biosynthetic processes, including the synthesis of fatty acids. Accumulating evidence suggests that citrate is involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, insulin secretion, neurological disorders, and cancer. Considering the crucial role of citrate to supply the acetyl-CoA pool for fatty acid synthesis and histone acetylation in tumors, in this study we evaluated the effect of citrate added to the growth medium on lipid deposition and histone H4 acetylation in hepatoma cells (HepG2). At low concentration, citrate increased both histone H4 acetylation and lipid deposition; at high concentration, citrate inhibited both, thus suggesting a crucial role of acetyl-CoA availability, which prompted us to investigate the effect of citrate on ACLY. In HepG2 cells, the expression of ACLY is correlated with histone acetylation, which, in turn, depends on citrate concentration. A decrease in H4 acetylation was also observed when citrate was added at a high concentration to immortalized human hepatic cells, whereas ACLY expression was unaffected, indicating a lack of control by histone acetylation. Considering the strong demand for acetyl-CoA but not for OAA in tumor cells, the exogenous citrate would behave like a trojan horse that carries OAA inside the cells and reduces ACLY expression and cellular metabolism. In addition, this study confirmed the already reported dual role of citrate both as a promoter of cell proliferation (at lower concentrations) and as an anticancer agent (at higher concentrations), providing useful tips on the use of citrate for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Petillo
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Abruzzese
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Prashant Koshal
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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16
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Russo GL, Stampone E, Cervellera C, Borriello A. Regulation of p27 Kip1 and p57 Kip2 Functions by Natural Polyphenols. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091316. [PMID: 32933137 PMCID: PMC7564754 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In numerous instances, the fate of a single cell not only represents its peculiar outcome but also contributes to the overall status of an organism. In turn, the cell division cycle and its control strongly influence cell destiny, playing a critical role in targeting it towards a specific phenotype. Several factors participate in the control of growth, and among them, p27Kip1 and p57Kip2, two proteins modulating various transitions of the cell cycle, appear to play key functions. In this review, the major features of p27 and p57 will be described, focusing, in particular, on their recently identified roles not directly correlated with cell cycle modulation. Then, their possible roles as molecular effectors of polyphenols’ activities will be discussed. Polyphenols represent a large family of natural bioactive molecules that have been demonstrated to exhibit promising protective activities against several human diseases. Their use has also been proposed in association with classical therapies for improving their clinical effects and for diminishing their negative side activities. The importance of p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 in polyphenols’ cellular effects will be discussed with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of important human diseases, such as cancers, characterized by an altered control of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.L.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0825-299-331 (G.L.R.)
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Carmen Cervellera
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.L.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0825-299-331 (G.L.R.)
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17
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Piantedosi D, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Ruggiero G, Rubino V, Musco N, Carriero F, Farina F, Attia YAEW, Terrazzano G, Lombardi P, Cortese L. Effect of a Weight Loss Program on Biochemical and Immunological Profile, Serum Leptin Levels, and Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:398. [PMID: 32851001 PMCID: PMC7424025 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) on biochemical and immunological profile, and cardiovascular parameters in a cohort of dogs with naturally occurring obesity. Eleven obese dogs [body condition scoring (BCS), ≥7/9] were enrolled into the study and underwent clinical and cardiovascular examination, and blood testing before (T0) and after 6 months (T1) of WLP. Eleven normal weight (BCS, 4/5) healthy dogs were used as a control (CTR) group. Compared to the CTR group, at T0 obese dogs expressed higher serum leptin concentrations (p < 0.0005) that significantly decreased after weight loss (p < 0.005) but remained higher than the CTR group. Furthermore, obese dogs showed considerably lower levels (p < 0.0005) of regulatory T cell (Treg) compared to the CTR group, but they did not change after weight loss at T1. In obese dogs, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were substantially reduced at T1 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005). Regarding the cardiovascular parameters, only one obese dog was hypertensive at T0, and systolic blood pressure values showed no significant differences at the end of the WLP. The ratio of interventricular septal thickness in diastole to left ventricle internal diameter in diastole (IVSd/LVIDd) was significantly greater in obese dogs at T0 than in the CTR group (p < 0.005). It decreased after weight loss (p < 0.05). In obese dogs, troponin I level significantly reduced with weight loss (p < 0.05), while endothelin-1 level did not differ statistically. The results suggest that the immune dysregulation in the presence of high leptin levels and reduced number of Treg could affect obese dogs as well as humans. Based on our findings, we may speculate that a more complete immune-regulation restore could be obtained by a greater reduction in fat mass and a longer-term WLP. Finally, left ventricular remodeling may occur in some obese dogs. However, in canine species, further studies are needed to investigate the impact of obesity and related WLP on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Youssef Abd El Wahab Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Ostuni A, Carmosino M, Miglionico R, Abruzzese V, Martinelli F, Russo D, Laurenzana I, Petillo A, Bisaccia F. Inhibition of ABCC6 Transporter Modifies Cytoskeleton and Reduces Motility of HepG2 Cells via Purinergic Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061410. [PMID: 32517079 PMCID: PMC7349786 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCC6, belonging to sub-family C of ATP-binding cassette transporter, is an ATP-dependent transporter mainly present in the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatic and kidney cells. Although the substrates transported are still uncertain, ABCC6 has been shown to promote ATP release. The extracellular ATP and its derivatives di- and mono-nucleotides and adenosine by acting on specific receptors activate the so-called purinergic pathway, which in turn controls relevant cellular functions such as cell immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Here, we analyzed the effect of Abcc6 knockdown and probenecid-induced ABCC6 inhibition on cell cycle, cytoskeleton, and motility of HepG2 cells. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Cellular cycle analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics was evaluated by laser confocal microscopy using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. Cell motility was analyzed by in vitro wound-healing migration assay. Cell migration is reduced both in Abcc6 knockdown HepG2 cells and in probenecid treated HepG2 cells by interfering with the extracellular reserve of ATP. Therefore, ABCC6 could contribute to cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility through purinergic signaling. Altogether, our findings shed light on a new role of the ABCC6 transporter in HepG2 cells and suggest that its inhibitor/s could be considered potential anti-metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-0971-205453 (A.O.); Tel.: +39-0971-205462 (F.B.)
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Rocchina Miglionico
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Vittorio Abruzzese
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Fabio Martinelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy;
| | - Agata Petillo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.); (V.A.); (F.M.); (D.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-0971-205453 (A.O.); Tel.: +39-0971-205462 (F.B.)
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19
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Phytochemical Profile of Capsicum annuum L. cv Senise, Incorporation into Liposomes, and Evaluation of Cellular Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050428. [PMID: 32429083 PMCID: PMC7278623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of oxidants in the human body is responsible for oxidative stress, which is associated with several diseases. High intake of vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, as they are sources of bioactive compounds capable of contrasting the free radical effects involved in cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Capsicum annuum L. cv Senise is a sweet pepper that is grown in the Basilicata region (Italy). It is an important source of polyphenols, carotenoids, and capsinoids and can play a key role in human health. In this study, an ethanol extract was obtained from C. annuum dried peppers and the analysis of the phytochemical composition was performed by LC-ESI/LTQ Orbitrap/MS. The extract was incorporated into liposomes, which showed small size (~80 nm), good homogeneity, negative surface charge, and good stability in storage. The biological activity of the extract was evaluated in the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line, used as model cells. The extract showed no cytotoxic activity and reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in stressed cells. The antioxidant activity was further improved when the extract was loaded into liposomes. Moreover, the extract promoted the expression of endogenous antioxidants, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase through the Nrf-2 pathway evaluated by RT-PCR.
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20
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Dandurand J, Ostuni A, Francesca Armentano M, Antonietta Crudele M, Dolce V, Marra F, Samouillan V, Bisaccia F. Calorimetry and FTIR reveal the ability of URG7 protein to modify the aggregation state of both cell lysate and amylogenic α-synuclein. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Van Gils M, Nollet L, Verly E, Deianova N, Vanakker OM. Cellular signaling in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: an update. Cell Signal 2019; 55:119-129. [PMID: 30615970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis with variable expression, due to mutations in the ABCC6 or ENPP1 gene. It is characterized by elastic fiber mineralization and fragmentation, resulting in skin, eye and cardiovascular symptoms. Significant advances have been made in the last 20 years with respect to the phenotypic characterization and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to elastic fiber mineralization. Nonetheless, the substrates of the ABCC6 transporter - the main cause of PXE - remain currently unknown. Though the precise mechanisms linking the ABCC6 transporter to mineralization of the extracellular matrix are unclear, several studies have looked into the cellular consequences of ABCC6 deficiency in PXE patients and/or animal models. In this paper, we compile the evidence on cellular signaling in PXE, which seems to revolve mainly around TGF-βs, BMPs and inorganic pyrophosphate signaling cascades. Where conflicting results or fragmented data are present, we address these with novel signaling data. This way, we aim to better understand the up- and down-stream signaling of TGF-βs and BMPs in PXE and we demonstrate that ANKH deficiency can be an additional mechanism contributing to decreased serum PPi levels in PXE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Gils
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - L Nollet
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Verly
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Deianova
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - O M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
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The P-glycoprotein inhibitor diltiazem-like 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-8-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yloxy]-8H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-c][1,4]thiazin-3-one inhibits esterase activity and H3 histone acetylation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:1-7. [PMID: 30583246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to reduce multidrug resistance several molecules were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, which are responsible for drugs transport out from cells. The compound 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-8-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yloxy]-8H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-c][1,4]thiazin-3-one namely 2c, is structurally related to the myocardial-calcium-channel-modulator diltiazem and is considered one of the most efficient P-glycoprotein inhibitors, able to induce apoptosis at low concentrations of doxorubicin in multidrug resistant ovarian cells. In this study experiments were carried out to evaluate other biological activities of compound 2c. We verified the ability of 2c to inhibit ABC transporters do not involved in drug resistance and considering the inhibitory effect of diltiazem on recombinant human carboxylesterase, we observed its inhibitory effect on the esterase activity. Our findings demonstrated that 2c exhibits broad-spectrum activity as ABC transporters inhibitor being able to inhibit ABCC6, a protein belonging to the ABC family although poorly involved in drug resistance. 2c also inhibits cell esterase activity, acetylcholine esterase activity in vitro and cell histone H3 acetylation according to its structural homology with some known HAT inhibitors. The results obtained provide new knowledge on the biological activities of 2c and represent useful information when it is used as an inhibitor of drug resistance.
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Ostuni A, Castiglione Morelli MA, Cuviello F, Bavoso A, Bisaccia F. Structural characterization of the L0 cytoplasmic loop of human multidrug resistance protein 6 (MRP6). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1861:380-386. [PMID: 30423326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABCC6 is a member of the C subfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters whose mutations are correlated to Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, an autosomal recessive, progressive disorder characterized by ectopic mineralization and fragmentation of elastic fibers. Structural studies of the entire protein have been hindered by its large size, membrane association, and domain complexity. Studies previously performed have contributed to shed light on the structure and function of the nucleotide binding domains and of the N-terminal region. Here we report the expression in E. coli of the polypeptide E205-G279 contained in the cytoplasmic L0 loop. For the first time structural studies in solution were performed. Far-UV CD spectra showed that L0 is structured, assuming predominantly α-helix in TFE solution and turns in phosphate buffer. Fluorescence spectra indicated some flexibility of the regions containing aromatic residues. 1H NMR spectroscopy identified three helical regions separated by more flexible regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | | | - Flavia Cuviello
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bavoso
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
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24
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Martinelli F, Cuviello F, Pace MC, Armentano MF, Miglionico R, Ostuni A, Bisaccia F. Extracellular ATP Regulates CD73 and ABCC6 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:75. [PMID: 30155470 PMCID: PMC6102951 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 transporter (ABCC6) is an ATP dependent transporter mainly found in the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatic and kidney cells. Mutations in ABCC6 gene were associated to the Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a progressive ectopic calcification of elastic fibers in dermal, ocular, and vascular tissues. It is reported that the over-expression of ABCC6 in HEK293 cells results in the cellular efflux of ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates, which in turn are rapidly converted into nucleoside monophosphates and pyrophosphate (PPi). Since PPi is an inhibitor of mineralization, it was proposed that the absence of circulating PPi in PXE patients results in the ectopic mineralization, a typical feature of PXE. In the extracellular environment, ATP is converted, not only into pyrophosphate, but also into AMP by an ectonucleosidase, which in turn is transformed into adenosine and phosphate. ABCC6 protein is thus involved in the production of extracellular adenosine and therefore it could have a role in the activation of the purinergic system. In the liver, purinergic signaling has been shown to regulate key basic cellular functions. Our previous studies showed that in ABCC6 knockdown HepG2 cells the expression of some genes, related with the calcification processes, is dysregulated. In this study, experiments have been carried out in order to verify if ABCC6, besides supplying the pyrophosphate required to prevent the mineralization of soft tissues, also plays a role in the activation of the purinergic system. For this purpose, the transport activity of ABCC6 was blocked with Probenecid and the expression of ABCC6 and NT5E was analyzed with real time PCR and western blotting. The results of this study showed that both proteins are downregulated in the presence of Probenecid and upregulated in the presence of adenosine or ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of SciencesUniversity of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Salvia AM, Cuviello F, Coluzzi S, Nuccorini R, Attolico I, Pascale SP, Bisaccia F, Pizzuti M, Ostuni A. Expression of some ATP-binding cassette transporters in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Rep 2017; 9:7406. [PMID: 29333226 PMCID: PMC5757415 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2017.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells express ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters in relation to different degrees of differentiation. One of the known multidrug resistance mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the overexpression of efflux pumps belonging to the superfamily of ABC transporters such as ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1. Although several studies were carried out to correlate ABC transporters expression with drug resistance, little is known about their role as markers of diagnosis and progression of the disease. For this purpose we investigated the expression, by real-time PCR, of some ABC genes in bone marrow samples of AML patients at diagnosis and after induction therapy. At diagnosis, ABCG2 was always down-regulated, while an up regulated trend for ABCC1 was observed. After therapy the examined genes showed a different expression trend and approached the values of healthy subjects suggesting that this event could be considered as a marker of AML regression. The expression levels of some ABC transporters such as ABCC6, seems to be related to gender, age and to the presence of FLT3/ITD gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabrina Coluzzi
- Department of Hematology, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Michele Pizzuti
- Department of Hematology, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza
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