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Shi Y, Men X, Wang F, Li X, Zhang B. Role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155484. [PMID: 39180802 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the greatest frequent types of malignancy is gastric cancer (GC). Metastasis, an essential feature of stomach cancer, results in a high rate of mortality and a poor prognosis. However, metastasis biological procedures are not well recognized. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a role in numerous gene regulation pathways via epigenetic modification as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. LncRNAs have a role in a variety of disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and cancer. LncRNAs are substantially related to GC incidence, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Several research released information on the molecular processes of lncRNAs in GC pathogenesis. By interacting with a gene's promoter or enhancer region to influence gene expression, lncRNAs can operate as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. This review includes the lncRNAs associated with metastasis of GC, which may give insights into the processes as well as potential clues for GC predicting and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Men
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130021, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Xueting Li
- Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130021, PR China.
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Health Management, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, PR China.
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2
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Chen W, Yang F, Shen H, Xu J, Chen J, Zhang Z, Xu J, Xu B. GGT5 as a promising prognostic biomarker and its effects on tumor cell progression in gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:4459-4473. [PMID: 39262487 PMCID: PMC11385246 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a gastric malignant tumor with over 1 million new cases globally each year. There are many diagnostic methods for GC, but due to the hidden early symptoms of GC, early GC is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed, which affects the follow-up treatment of patients. The early and accurate diagnosis of GC is of great significance for the treatment and survival of GC patients. Our laboratory study found that gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was highly expressed in GC patients, but the mechanism of GGT family genes in the occurrence and development of GC remained to be further studied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of GGT family functional gene GGT5 regulating the proliferation and migration of GC cells, and provide a possible new biomarker for the early diagnosis of GC. Methods The value of serum GGT in GC patients was first statistically analyzed. Then, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used to analyze the mRNA expression of GGT5 in GC, and its clinical relationship and function. Furthermore, expression of GGT5 was reduced by lentivirus RNA interference and verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used to detect cell proliferation after GGT5 knockdown. Scratch and Transwell assays were applied to observe cell migration after knockdown of GGT5. Finally, Western blot assays were observed to demonstrate PI3K/AKT-MAPK and MMPs expression levels after knockdown of GGT5. Results Serum GGT was expressed at a high level in GC patients. GGT5 was highly expressed in GC tissues, and was associated with poor prognosis and clinical stage of GC. GGT5 might be involved in the regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis, as well as in the mechanisms of cell motility and migration, and it was positively correlated with the PI3K/AKT pathway. The proliferation and migration capacity of GC cells was dampened by downregulation of GGT5. GGT5 mediated proliferation and migration of GC cells by directly targeting PI3K/AKT-MAPK-MMPs pathways. Conclusions Low expression of GGT5 reduced proliferation and migration in GC cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT-MAPK-MMPs pathway, and GGT5 might be a new target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Xue Y, Xue C, Song W. Emerging roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in actin cytoskeleton and tumor metastasis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1071-1089. [PMID: 38324230 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Actin dynamics and actin-based cell migration and invasion are important factors in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is characterized by actin polymerization and depolymerization, which are precisely regulated by molecular changes involving a plethora of actin regulators, including actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and signalling pathways, that enable cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumour. Research on deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has revealed their vital roles in actin dynamics and actin-based migration and invasion during cancer metastasis. CONCLUSION Here, we review how DUBs drive tumour metastasis by participating in actin rearrangement and actin-based migration and invasion. We summarize the well-characterized and essential actin cytoskeleton signalling molecules related to DUBs, including Rho GTPases, Src kinases, and ABPs such as cofilin and cortactin. Other DUBs that modulate actin-based migration signalling pathways are also discussed. Finally, we discuss and address therapeutic opportunities and ongoing challenges related to DUBs with respect to actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China.
| | - Cong Xue
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China.
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4
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Pan W, Liu C, Ren T, Chen X, Liang C, Wang J, Yang J. Exploration of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis in Tibetan plateau areas based on DNBSEQ-G99 RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9212. [PMID: 38649401 PMCID: PMC11035649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is generally considered as a precancerous lesion in gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to identify potential molecules involved in the pathogenesis of CAG in the Tibetan plateau, hoping to help the diagnosis and management of the disease. Atrophic and non-atrophic gastric mucosal tissue samples were collected from seven patients with chronic gastritis (CG). Differentially expressed lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs between CAG and chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) groups were identified based on DNBSEQ-G99 RNA sequencing. Subsequently, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks) were constructed. Two datasets (GSE153224 and GSE163416), involving data from non-Tibetan plateau areas, were used to further screen out Tibetan plateau key mRNAs, followed by the common genes of Tibetan plateau key and ferroptosis-related mRNAs were also identified. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological functions of Tibetan plateau mRNAs in the CAG. A total of seven lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs and 424 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs were identified in this study. The relationship pairs of hsa_circ_0082984-hsa-miR-204-5p-CACNG8, lncRNA DRAIC/has_circ_0008561-hsa-miR-34a-5p-AR/GXYLT2, lncRNA GAS1RR/RGMB-AS1/hsa_circ_0008561-hsa-miR-3614-5p-TMEM216/SUSD5, and LINC00941/hsa_circ_0082984-hsa-miR-873-3p-TMC5 can be involved in the pathogenesis of CAG. Additionally, eight common genes of Tibetan plateau key and ferroptosis-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) (CBS, SLC2A4, STAT3, ALOX15B, ATF3, IDO1, NOX4, and SOCS1) were identified in CAG. The common genes of Tibetan plateau key and ferroptosis-related DEmRNAs can play a role in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. This study identified important molecular biomarkers that may be involved in regulating the pathological mechanisms of CAG in the Tibetan plateau, which provides potential research directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
- Department of Health Management Center, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cuiting Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Sakurai K, Ito H. Multifaced roles of the long non-coding RNA DRAIC in cancer progression. Life Sci 2024; 343:122544. [PMID: 38458555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are functional RNAs, with over 200 nucleotides in length and lacking protein-coding potential. Studies have indicated that lncRNAs are important gene regulators under physiological conditions. Aberrant lncRNA expression is associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, including cancers. High-throughput transcriptome analyses have revealed thousands of lncRNAs as putative tumor suppressors or promoters in various cancers, but the detailed molecular mechanisms of each lncRNA remain unclear. Downregulated RNA In Cancer, inhibitor of cell invasion and migration (DRAIC) (also known as LOC145837 and RP11-279F6.1) is a lncRNA that inhibits or promotes cancer progression with several modes of action. DRAIC was originally identified as a tumor-suppressive lncRNA in prostate adenocarcinoma. Subsequent studies also revealed that it has an anti-tumor role in glioblastoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and stomach adenocarcinoma. However, DRAIC exhibits oncogenic functions in other malignancies, such as lung adenocarcinoma and esophageal carcinoma, indicating its highly context-dependent effects on cancer progression and clinical outcomes. DRAIC and its associated pathways regulate various biological processes, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, and neuroendocrine function. This review introduces the multifaceted roles of DRAIC, particularly in cancer progression, and discusses its biological significance and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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Duan W, Yang L, Liu J, Dai Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liang X, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang N, Mo H, Qu C, Xia Z, Cheng Q. A TGF-β signaling-related lncRNA signature for prediction of glioma prognosis, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14489. [PMID: 37850692 PMCID: PMC11017415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The dysregulation of TGF-β signaling is a crucial pathophysiological process in tumorigenesis and progression. LncRNAs have diverse biological functions and are significant participants in the regulation of tumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical value of lncRNAs related to TGF-β signaling in glioma is currently unclear. METHODS Data on glioma's RNA-seq transcriptome, somatic mutation, DNA methylation data, and clinicopathological information were derived from the CGGA and TCGA databases. A prognostic lncRNA signature was constructed by Cox and LASSO regression analyses. TIMER2.0 database was utilized to deduce immune infiltration characteristics. "ELMER v.2" was used to reconstruct TF-methylation-gene regulatory network. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy response predictions were implemented by the TIDE algorithm and GDSC database, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the results and clarify the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA. RESULTS In glioma, a TGF-β signaling-related 15-lncRNA signature was constructed, including AC010173.1, HOXA-AS2, AC074286.1, AL592424.1, DRAIC, HOXC13-AS, AC007938.1, AC010729.1, AC013472.3, AC093895.1, AC131097.4, AL606970.4, HOXC-AS1, AGAP2-AS1, and AC002456.1. This signature proved to be a reliable prognostic tool, with high risk indicating an unfavorable prognosis and being linked to malignant clinicopathological and genomic mutation traits. Risk levels were associated with different immune infiltration landscapes, where high risk was indicative of high levels of macrophage infiltration. In addition, high risk also suggested better immunotherapy and chemotherapy response. cg05987823 was an important methylation site in glioma progression, and AP-1 transcription factor family participated in the regulation of signature lncRNA expression. AGAP2-AS1 knockdown in in vitro and in vivo experiments inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, as well as the growth of glioma, by downregulating the expression levels of NF-κB and ERK 1/2 in the TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS A prognostic lncRNA signature of TGF-β signaling was established in glioma, which can be used for prognostic judgment, immune infiltration status inference, and immunotherapy response prediction. AGAP2-AS1 plays an important role in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Wei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Li‐Ting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Experiment Center of Medical InnovationThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zi‐Yu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ze‐Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xi‐Song Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zao‐Qu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- One‐third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHei LongjiangChina
| | - Hao‐Yang Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chun‐Run Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhi‐Wei Xia
- Department of NeurologyHunan Aerospace HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Al-Hawary SIS, Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hassan ZF, Elawady A. The role of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in cancers: Focus on molecular targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3949. [PMID: 38379219 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are emerging as important players in various biological pathways. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) with high specificity and accuracy has the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNA DGCR5 can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues, and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Now, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs such as DGCR5 were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. The DGCR5 lacks an appropriate animal model, which is necessary to gain greater knowledge of their functions. While some studies on the uses of DGCR5 have been carried out, the small sample size makes them unreliable. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications addressing the potential of lncRNA DGCR5 that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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8
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Ghanim R, Kaushik A, Park J, Abramson A. Communication Protocols Integrating Wearables, Ingestibles, and Implantables for Closed-Loop Therapies. DEVICE 2023; 1:100092. [PMID: 38465200 PMCID: PMC10923538 DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2023.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Body-conformal sensors and tissue interfacing robotic therapeutics enable the real-time monitoring and treatment of diabetes, wound healing, and other critical conditions. By integrating sensors and drug delivery devices, scientists and engineers have developed closed-loop drug delivery systems with on-demand therapeutic capabilities to provide just-in-time treatments that correspond to chemical, electrical, and physical signals of a target morbidity. To enable closed-loop functionality in vivo, engineers utilize various low-power means of communication that reduce the size of implants by orders of magnitude, increase device lifetime from hours to months, and ensure the secure high-speed transfer of data. In this review, we highlight how communication protocols used to integrate sensors and drug delivery devices, such as radio frequency communication (e.g., Bluetooth, near-field communication), in-body communication, and ultrasound, enable improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Ghanim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Anika Kaushik
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jihoon Park
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alex Abramson
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Bure IV, Nemtsova MV. Mutual Regulation of ncRNAs and Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097848. [PMID: 37175555 PMCID: PMC10178202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is the one of the main epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation both in normal cells and in pathological conditions. In recent years, a growing number of investigations have confirmed that epigenetic regulators are tightly connected and form a comprehensive network of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. Genes encoding protein subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes are often mutated and change their expression in diseases, as well as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Moreover, different mechanisms of their mutual regulation have already been described. Further understanding of these processes may help apply their clinical potential for establishment of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the diseases. The therapeutic targeting of the chromatin structure has many limitations because of the complexity of its regulation, with the involvement of a large number of genes, proteins, non-coding transcripts, and other intermediary molecules. However, several successful strategies have been proposed to target subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes and genes encoding them, as well as the ncRNAs that regulate the operation of these complexes and direct them to the target gene regions. In our review, we focus on chromatin remodeling complexes and ncRNAs, their mutual regulation, role in cellular processes and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Bure
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Nemtsova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Autophagy as a self-digestion signal in human cancers: Regulation by microRNAs in affecting carcinogenesis and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106695. [PMID: 36780958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is defined as a "self-digestion" signal, and it is a cell death mechanism its primary function is degrading toxic agents and aged organelles to ensure homeostasis in cells. The basic leve ls of autophagy are found in cells, and when its levels exceed to standard threshold, cell death induction is observed. Autophagy dysregulation in cancer has been well-documented, and regulation of this pathway by epigenetic factors, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), is interesting and noteworthy. miRNAs are considered short endogenous RNAs that do not encode functional proteins, and they are essential regulators of cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Accumulating data has revealed miRNA dysregulation (upregulation or downregulation) during tumor progression, and their therapeutic manipulation provides new insight into cancer therapy. miRNA/autophagy axis in human cancers has been investigated an exciting point is the dual function of both autophagy and miRNAs as oncogenic and onco-suppressor factors. The stimulation of pro-survival autophagy by miRNAs can increase the survival rate of tumor cells and mediates cancer metastasis via EMT inductionFurthermore, pro-death autophagy induction by miRNAs has a negative impact on the viability of tumor cells and decreases their survival rate. The miRNA/autophagy axis functions beyond regulating the growth and invasion of tumor cells, and they can also affect drug resistance and radio-resistance. These subjects are covered in the current review regarding the new updates provided by recent experiments.
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11
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Yang Y, Cao L, Guo Z, Gu H, Zhang K, Qiu Z. Deubiquitinase UCHL5 stabilizes ELK3 to potentiate cancer stemness and tumor progression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113402. [PMID: 36328194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) contributes to tumorigeneisis or drug resistance of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Previous studies have implicated the deubiquitinase UCHL5 was abnormally expressed in multiple malignancies. However, little was reported about the specific roles of UCHL5 in PAAD. We aimed to identify the biological roles of UCHL5 in PAAD and demonstrate its prognostic significance. Differential analysis revealed that UCHL5 expressed highly in tumors versus normal tissues, like TCGA-PAAD, GSE28735, GSE15471 and collected samples. Patients with high UCHL5 expressions had worse survival outcomes relative to those with low UCHL5 levels. Experimental assays showed that UCHL5 overexpression could significantly enhance cell proliferation, colony formation and self-renewal capacities. UCHL5 could also promote PAAD migration in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UCHL5 could directly deubiquitinate and stabilize ELK3 proteins. UCHL5 relied on accumulated ELK3 proteins to drive cell growth, stem-like properties and migration abilities. In addition, enrichment analysis based on RNA-seq data implicated that ELK3 mainly correlated with Notch1 signaling and ELK3 could notably elevate ELK3 mRNA levels. UCHL5 could thus promote self-renewal abilities of PAAD and targeting ELK3 could inhibit the stemness features. In contrast, UCHL5 deficiency could suppress PAAD stemness features, and ectopic expression of ELK3 could rescue this effect. Last of all, we utilized the UCHL5 inhibitor, b-AP15, to treat PAAD cells and found that b-AP15 could inhibit the growth of PAAD cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our study uncovered the underlying mechanisms of UCHL5/ELK3/Notch1 axis in PAAD progression and stemness maintaince, shedding light on individualized treatment and risk stratification for PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zengya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Kundong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Han Y, Liu S, Guo B, Xu S, He Y, Liu L. MF-094 nanodelivery inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting USP30. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:107. [PMID: 36474192 PMCID: PMC9724415 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer, and the incidence of OSCC is increasing. As the mortality of OSCC keeps increasing, it is crucial to clarify its pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. METHODS Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate the uptake of nanoparticles (NPs). The potential functions of USP30 were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry, biochemical assay, coimmunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. The antitumor effect of NP-loaded USP30 inhibitor MF-094 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In this study, increased USP30 expression was found in OSCC specimens and cell lines through qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and biochemical assay revealed that the deubiquitylated catalytic activity of USP30 contributed to cell viability and glutamine consumption of OSCC. Subsequently, USP30 inhibitor MF-094 was loaded in ZIF-8-PDA and PEGTK to fabricate ZIF-8-PDA-PEGTK nanoparticles, which exhibited excellent inhibition of cell viability and glutamine consumption of OSCC, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The results indicated the clinical significance of USP30 and showed that nanocomposites provide a targeted drug delivery system for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai, Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Han
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai, Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai, Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Guo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai, Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai, Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.412523.30000 0004 0386 9086National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai, Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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13
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An T, Lu Y, Gong Z, Wang Y, Su C, Tang G, Hou J. Research Progress for Targeting Deubiquitinases in Gastric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235831. [PMID: 36497313 PMCID: PMC9735992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancers (GCs) are malignant tumors with a high incidence that threaten global public health. Despite advances in GC diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying GC progression need to be identified to develop prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that regulates the stability, activity, localization, and interactions of target proteins, can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which can remove ubiquitin monomers or polymers from modified proteins. The dysfunction of DUBs has been closely linked to tumorigenesis in various cancer types, and targeting certain DUBs may provide a potential option for cancer therapy. Multiple DUBs have been demonstrated to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in GC. In this review, we summarize the DUBs involved in GC and their associated upstream regulation and downstream mechanisms and present the benefits of targeting DUBs for GC treatment, which could provide new insights for GC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanting Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaoqi Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guimei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (J.H.)
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14
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Cao Y, Yan X, Bai X, Tang F, Si P, Bai C, Tuoheti K, Guo L, Yisha Z, Liu T, Liu T. UCHL5 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Bladder Cancer Cells by Activating c-Myc via AKT/mTOR Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225538. [PMID: 36428630 PMCID: PMC9688806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that removes ubiquitin from its substrates. Associations between UCHL5 and cancer have been reported in various tissues, but the effect of UCHL5 on bladder cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the expression and function of UCHL5 in bladder cancer. UCHL5 was shown to be abnormally expressed using IHC of tissue microarray and Western blotting. Several procedures were performed to assess the effect of UCHL5 overexpression or knockdown on bladder cancer, such as cell proliferation, colony formation, wound-healing, and Transwell assays. In addition, RNA-Seq and Western blotting experiments were used to verify the status of downstream signaling pathways. Finally, bladder cancers with knockdown or overexpression of UCHL5 were treated with either SC79 or LY294002 to examine the participation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the expression of downstream targets c-Myc, SLC25A19, and ICAM5. In contrast to adjacent tissue samples, we discovered that UCHL5 was substantially expressed in bladder cancer samples. We also found that UCHL5 downregulation significantly suppressed both tumor growth in vivo and cell proliferation and migration in vitro. According to RNA-Seq analyses and Western blotting experiments, the expression of c-Myc, SLC25A19, and ICAM5 was modified as a result of UCHL5 activating AKT/mTOR signaling in bladder cancer cells. All things considered, our findings show that increased UCHL5 expression stimulates AKT/mTOR signaling, subsequently triggering the expression of c-Myc, SLC25A19, and ICAM5, which in turn promotes carcinogenesis in bladder cancer. UCHL5 is therefore a potential target for therapy in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Liu
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +86-13657246625 (T.L.); +86-027-67813104 (T.L.)
| | - Tongzu Liu
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +86-13657246625 (T.L.); +86-027-67813104 (T.L.)
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15
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Kim DS, Camacho CV, Setlem R, Kim K, Malladi S, Hou TY, Nandu T, Gadad SS, Kraus WL. Functional Characterization of lncRNA152 as an Angiogenesis-Inhibiting Tumor Suppressor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1623-1635. [PMID: 35997635 PMCID: PMC9633386 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in many of the hallmarks of cancer. Herein, we found that the expression of lncRNA152 (lnc152; a.k.a. DRAIC), which we annotated previously, is highly upregulated in luminal breast cancer (LBC) and downregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Knockdown of lnc152 promotes cell migration and invasion in LBC cell lines. In contrast, ectopic expression of lnc152 inhibits growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in TNBC cell lines. In mice, lnc152 inhibited the growth of TNBC cell xenografts, as well as metastasis of TNBC cells in an intracardiac injection model. Transcriptome analysis of the xenografts indicated that lnc152 downregulates genes controlling angiogenesis. Using pull down assays followed by LC/MS-MS, we identified RBM47, a known tumor suppressor in breast cancer, as a lnc152-interacting protein. The effects of lnc152 in TNBC cells are mediated, in part, by regulating the expression of RBM47. Collectively, our results demonstrate that lnc152 is an angiogenesis-inhibiting tumor suppressor that attenuates the aggressive cancer-related phenotypes found in TNBC. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies lncRNA152 as an angiogenesis-inhibiting tumor suppressor that attenuates the aggressive cancer-related phenotypes found in TNBC by upregulating the expression of the tumor suppressor RBM47. As such, lncRNA152 may serve as a biomarker to track aggressiveness of breast cancer, as well as therapeutic target for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Current address: Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cristel V. Camacho
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rohit Setlem
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Malladi
- Department of Pathology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tim Y. Hou
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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16
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Shaath H, Vishnubalaji R, Elango R, Kardousha A, Islam Z, Qureshi R, Alam T, Kolatkar PR, Alajez NM. Long non-coding RNA and RNA-binding protein interactions in cancer: Experimental and machine learning approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:325-345. [PMID: 35643221 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex and specific roles played by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which comprise the bulk of the genome, is important for understanding virtually every hallmark of cancer. This large group of molecules plays pivotal roles in key regulatory mechanisms in various cellular processes. Regulatory mechanisms, mediated by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and RNA-binding protein (RBP) interactions, are well documented in several types of cancer. Their effects are enabled through networks affecting lncRNA and RBP stability, RNA metabolism including N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and alternative splicing, subcellular localization, and numerous other mechanisms involved in cancer. In this review, we discuss the reciprocal interplay between lncRNAs and RBPs and their involvement in epigenetic regulation via histone modifications, as well as their key role in resistance to cancer therapy. Other aspects of RBPs including their structural domains, provide a deeper knowledge on how lncRNAs and RBPs interact and exert their biological functions. In addition, current state-of-the-art knowledge, facilitated by machine and deep learning approaches, unravels such interactions in better details to further enhance our understanding of the field, and the potential to harness RNA-based therapeutics as an alternative treatment modality for cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah Shaath
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramesh Elango
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Kardousha
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rizwan Qureshi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tanvir Alam
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R Kolatkar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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17
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Wang Z, Liu J, Xie J, Yuan X, Wang B, Shen W, Zhang Y. Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947332. [PMID: 36353541 PMCID: PMC9637602 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digesting process that degrades obsoleting proteins and cellular components and plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of various tumors such as gastric cancer (GC). As a hotspot in molecular biology, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, such as autophagy. Increasing evidence indicate that various ncRNAs exert double roles in the initiation and progression of GC, either serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that some ncRNAs could modulate autophagy activity in GC cells, which would affect the malignant transformation and drug resistance. Whether the function of ncRNAs in GC is dependent on autophagy is undefined. Therefore, identifying the underlying moleculr targets of ncRNAs in autophagy pathways and the role of ncRNA-regulated autophagy in GC could develop new treatment interventions for this disease. This review summarizes the autophagy process and its role in GC, and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs, as well as focuses on the dual role of ncRNAs-mediated autophagy in GC, for the development of potential therapeutic strategies in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingri Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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18
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Yao Q, Zhang X, Chen D. The emerging potentials of lncRNA DRAIC in human cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867670. [PMID: 35992823 PMCID: PMC9386314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a subtype of noncoding RNA that has more than 200 nucleotides. Numerous studies have confirmed that lncRNA is relevant during multiple biological processes through the regulation of various genes, thus affecting disease progression. The lncRNA DRAIC, a newly discovered lncRNA, has been found to be abnormally expressed in a variety of diseases, particularly cancer. Indeed, the dysregulation of DRAIC expression is closely related to clinicopathological features. It was also reported that DRAIC is key to biological functions such as cell proliferation, autophagy, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, DRAIC is of great clinical significance in human disease. In this review, we discuss the expression signature, clinical characteristics, biological functions, relevant mechanisms, and potential clinical applications of DRAIC in several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dajin Chen,
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19
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Peng Q, Wan D, Zhou R, Luo H, Wang J, Ren L, Zeng Y, Yu C, Zhang S, Huang X, Peng Y. The biological function of metazoan-specific subunit nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein of INO80 complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:176-183. [PMID: 35093437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The INO80 chromatin remodeling complex plays an essential role in the regulation of gene transcription, which participate in a variety of important biological processes in cells including DNA repair and DNA replication. Difference from the yeast INO80 complex, metazoan INO80 complex have the specific subunit G, which is known as nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein (NFRKB). Recently, NFRKB has been received much attention in many aspects, such as DNA repair, cell pluripotency, telomere protection, and protein activity regulation. To dig the new function of metazoan INO80 complex, a better understanding of the role of NFRKB is required. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of NFRKB and discuss its potential role in cancer treatment and telomere regulation. Overall, this review provides an important reference for further research of the INO80 complex and NFRKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410016, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingyan Ren
- School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yajun Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuekuan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410016, China.
| | - Yongbo Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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20
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Yao ZT, Yang YM, Sun MM, He Y, Liao L, Chen KS, Li B. New insights into the interplay between long non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:117-140. [PMID: 35019235 PMCID: PMC8822594 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of proteomics and epigenetics, a large number of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) have been discovered in recent years, and the interaction between long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and RBPs has also received increasing attention. It is extremely important to conduct in‐depth research on the lncRNA‐RBP interaction network, especially in the context of its role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that lncRNA‐RBP interactions play a vital role in cancer progression; therefore, targeting these interactions could provide new insights for cancer drug discovery. In this review, we discussed how lncRNAs can interact with RBPs to regulate their localization, modification, stability, and activity and discussed the effects of RBPs on the stability, transport, transcription, and localization of lncRNAs. Moreover, we explored the regulation and influence of these interactions on lncRNAs, RBPs, and downstream pathways that are related to cancer development, such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of lncRNAs. In addition, we discussed how the lncRNA‐RBP interaction network regulates cancer cell phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, drug resistance, immunity, tumor environment, and metabolism. Furthermore, we summarized the therapeutic strategies that target the lncRNA‐RBP interaction network. Although these treatments are still in the experimental stage and various theories and processes are still being studied, we believe that these strategies may provide new ideas for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ting Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ming Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China
| | - Long Liao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China
| | - Kui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China
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21
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Yang J, Fan L, Liao X, Cui G, Hu H. CRTAC1 (Cartilage acidic protein 1) inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in bladder cancer by downregulating Yin Yang 1 (YY1) to inactivate the TGF-β pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9377-9389. [PMID: 34818994 PMCID: PMC8809913 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1974645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) is predicted to be aberrantly expressed in bladder cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. However, its functions and molecular mechanism in bladder cancer remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of CRTAC1 in bladder cancer. The mRNA and protein levels of CRTAC1 and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. We found that CRTAC1 was downregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays and Transwell assays and western blotting revealed that CRTAC1 overexpression inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in bladder cancer, while CRTAC1 knockdown exerted opposite effects on these malignant behaviors. Mechanistically, CRTAC1 targeted YY1 in bladder cancer cells. YY1 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells. CRTAC1 negatively modulated the mRNA and protein expression of YY1 in bladder cancer cells. Co-localization of CRTAC1 and YY1 expression was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Co-Immunoprecipitation assays. The interaction between CRTAC1 and YY1 was explored by Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, CRTAC1 inactivated the TGF-β pathway by downregulating YY1 expression. Protein levels of factors associated with the TGF-β pathway were examined by western blotting. Rescue assays indicated that CRTAC1 inhibited malignant behaviors of bladder cancer cells by targeting YY1. Overall, CRTAC1 inhibited malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer cells by targeting YY1 to inactivate the TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.,Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liao
- Department of Urology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gongjing Cui
- Department of Urology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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22
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Peng Q, Zhou M, Zuo S, Liu Y, Li X, Yang Y, He Q, Yu X, Zhou J, He Z, He Q. Nuclear Factor Related to KappaB Binding Protein ( NFRKB) Is a Telomere-Associated Protein and Involved in Liver Cancer Development. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1298-1307. [PMID: 34591601 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a homologous recombination-based telomere maintenance mechanism activated in 10-15% of human cancers. Although significant progress has been made, the key regulators of the ALT pathway and its role in cancer development remain elusive. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict novel telomere-associated proteins (TAPs) by analysis of large-scale ChIP-Seq data. Immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments were applied to detect the subcellular location of target genes and telomeres. Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to examine the expression of targeting genes. Overall survival (OS) analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression and survival time; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of target genes in liver cancer tissues. We found that nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein (NFRKB), a metazoan-specific subunit of the INO80 complex, can associate with telomeres in human ALT cells. Loss of NFRKB induces dysfunction of telomeres and less PML bodies in U2OS cells. In addition, NFRKB is low/moderately expressed in cytoplasm of normal hepatocytes but heavily accumulating in the nucleus of liver cancer cells. Finally, the high expression of NFRKB is associated with short OS time and poor prognosis. NFRKB is a TAP and protects telomeres from DNA damage in ALT cells. It is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and predicts a poor prognosis. NFRKB may be a promising prognostic biomarker for the treatment of HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mingqing Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shanru Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yucong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xueguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yide Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Quanze He
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zuping He
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Quanyuan He
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
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23
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Wu G, Wang Q, Zhu T, Fu L, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhang C. Identification and Validation of Immune-Related LncRNA Prognostic Signature for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:681277. [PMID: 34306024 PMCID: PMC8301374 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a prognostic risk model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We firstly divided 535 LUAD samples in TCGA-LUAD into high-, medium-, and low-immune infiltration groups by consensus clustering analysis according to immunological competence assessment by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in normal samples and LUAD samples in TCGA was used for a differential expression analysis in the high- and low-immune infiltration groups. A total of 1,570 immune-related differential lncRNAs in LUAD were obtained by intersecting the above results. Afterward, univariate COX regression analysis and multivariate stepwise COX regression analysis were conducted to screen prognosis-related lncRNAs, and an eight-immune-related-lncRNA prognostic signature was finally acquired (AL365181.2, AC012213.4, DRAIC, MRGPRG-AS1, AP002478.1, AC092168.2, FAM30A, and LINC02412). Kaplan–Meier analysis and ROC analysis indicated that the eight-lncRNA-based model was accurate to predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. Simultaneously, univariate COX regression analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis were undertaken on clinical features and risk scores. It was illustrated that the risk score was a prognostic factor independent from clinical features. Moreover, immune data of LUAD in the TIMER database were analyzed. The eight-immune-related-lncRNA prognostic signature was related to the infiltration of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and dendritic cells. GSEA enrichment analysis revealed significant differences in high- and low-risk groups in pathways like pentose phosphate pathway, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, and P53 signaling pathway. This study helps to treat LUAD patients and explore molecules related to LUAD immune infiltration to deeply understand the specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Wu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qihao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Linhai Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhupeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University (Shaoxing People's Hospital), Shaoxing, China
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24
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Li Y, Lu L, Wu X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Xiao Z, Wu Z, Hu W, Cho CH, Li M. The Multifaceted Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2737-2755. [PMID: 34345204 PMCID: PMC8326121 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major public health concerns. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly demonstrated to possess a strong correlation with GC and play a critical role in GC occurrence, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Many studies have shed light on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in GC. In this review, we summarized the updated research about lncRNAs in GC, focusing on their roles in Helicobacter pylori infection, GC metastasis, tumor microenvironment regulation, drug resistance and associated signaling pathways. LncRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of GC and potential therapeutic targets. The research gaps and future directions were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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25
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Yin T, Zhao D, Yao S. Identification of a Genome Instability-Associated LncRNA Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:679150. [PMID: 34163531 PMCID: PMC8215581 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.679150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to have the potential in maintaining genome instability, but the identification of lncRNAs related to genome instability and their prognostic value have not been largely explored in colon cancer. In this study, we obtained 155 genome instability-associated lncRNAs based on somatic mutation profiles in colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the possible roles of genes co-expressed with those lncRNAs involved in some cancer, genome instability and immune related biological processes. Combined with overall survival data, a seven-lncRNA signature was established for prognosis prediction. According to the risk score calculated by this signature, high-risk patients characterized by high somatic mutation count, high microsatellite instability, significantly poorer clinical outcomes and specific tumor immune infiltration status compared with low-risk patients. The lncRNA signature was validated to be an independent prognostic indicator with good predictive performance in TCGA cohort. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the ZNF503-AS1 in lncRNA signature was confirmed in another independent dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus database. In summary, the genome instability-associated lncRNA signature in this study could be a promising tool for effectively predicting survival outcomes in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yin
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Liu X, Xiang D, Xu C, Chai R. EIF3m promotes the malignant phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma by the up-regulation of oncogene CAPRIN1. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:979-996. [PMID: 33791168 PMCID: PMC7994172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
EIF3m is the latest identified subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), however, its function in malignant tumor is rarely reported. In the current work, we observed that EIF3m was aberrant over-expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) tissues and cell lines, and the increased EIF3m level was closely related to the poor clinical outcomes of the LADC patients. The gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated the proto-oncogenetic potential of EIF3m in vitro and in vivo. EIF3m induced-malignant phenotype was partly mediated by the up-regulation of CAPRIN1. The biochemical analysis showed that EIF3m could bind to the 5'UTR of CAPRIN1 and positively modulate its expression at the post-transcription level. Furthermore, we identified the interaction between EIF3m and the deubiquitinase UCHL5, which stabilized and promoted the accumulation of EIF3m in LADC cells. In summary, our findings extended the knowledge about the EIF3m function and highlight the roles of the UCHL5/EIF3m/CAPRIN1 axis during the progression of LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dulei Xiang
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate Schools, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Xu
- Graduate Schools, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Chai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Neve B, Jonckheere N, Vincent A, Van Seuningen I. Long non-coding RNAs: the tentacles of chromatin remodeler complexes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1139-1161. [PMID: 33001247 PMCID: PMC11072783 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeler complexes regulate gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair by changing both nucleosome position and post-translational modifications. The chromatin remodeler complexes are categorized into four families: the SWI/SNF, INO80/SWR1, ISWI and CHD family. In this review, we describe the subunits of these chromatin remodeler complexes, in particular, the recently identified members of the ISWI family and novelties of the CHD family. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs regulate gene expression through different epigenetic mechanisms, including interaction with chromatin remodelers. For example, interaction of lncBRM with BRM inhibits the SWI/SNF complex associated with a differentiated phenotype and favors assembly of a stem cell-related SWI/SNF complex. Today, over 50 lncRNAs have been shown to affect chromatin remodeler complexes and we here discuss the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Neve
- UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
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28
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Sun C, Xu B, Wang L, Su Y. LncRNA DRAIC regulates cell proliferation and migration by affecting the miR-34a-5p/ITGA6 signal axis in Hirschsprung's disease. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:7895. [PMID: 34471485 PMCID: PMC8383934 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.7895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common defect in newborns, and studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the progression of HSCR. This research study aims to investigate the mechanism of downregulated RNA in cancer (DRAIC) on cell proliferation and migration in HSCR. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of DRAIC in HSCR bowel stenosis tissues and normal colon tissues. Cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were employed to explore whether cellular functions change after overexpression or knockdown of the DRAIC in SH-SY5Y cells and human 293T cells. Protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the competitive relationship of DRAIC and integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6) through their association with miR-34a-5p. RESULTS The lncRNA DRAIC was significantly increased in colon tissue from HSCR patients. The overexpression of DRAIC inhibited SH-SY5Y cell and human 293T cell proliferation and migration. Knockdown of DRAIC, however, promoted cell proliferation and migration. The RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays have proven the competitive relationship between DRAIC and ITGA6 through their association with miR-34a-5p. Further rescue experiments have confirmed that DRAIC regulates cell proliferation and migration by affecting the miR-34a-5p/ITGA6 signal axis in HSCR. CONCLUSION DRAIC promoted cell proliferation and migration by regulating the miR-34a-5p/ITGA6 signal axis in HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Sun
- Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yilin Su
- Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
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29
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Yang Y, Gao M, Li Y, Li M, Ma Q. LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 Facilitates Gastric Cancer Progression via Regulating the miR-139-3p/MMP11 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11537-11547. [PMID: 33204108 PMCID: PMC7667163 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s264394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at probing into the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) C-terminal binding protein 1 antisense RNA 2 (CTBP1-AS2) on gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation and apoptosis, and its regulatory function on miR-139-3p and MMP11. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to examine the expressions of CTBP1-AS2, miR-139-3p and MMP11 mRNA in GC cell lines and clinical specimens. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry and EdU assay were conducted to examine the effects of CTBP1-AS2 and miR-139-3p on GC cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot was applied for detecting the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and MMP11. A lung metastasis mouse model was used to evaluate metastasis of GC cells in vivo. Bioinformatics, dual-luciferase report assay, RIP and RNA pull-down assays were utilized to validate the targeted relationship between CTBP1-AS2 and miR-139-3p as well as the targeting relationship between miR-139-3p and MMP11. Results CTBP1-AS2 was highly expressed in GC, and its high expression was strongly associated with increased TNM stage, increased tumor size and low degree of differentiation of the tumor tissues. Meanwhile, CTBP1-AS2 promoted GC cell proliferation, metastasis and suppressed apoptosis, while miR-139-3p could weaken these effects. In addition, CTBP1-AS2 was identified as a molecular sponge for miR-139-3p, and MMP11 was verified as a target gene of CTBP1-AS2. CTBP1-AS2 could increase the expression of MMP11 via repressing miR-139-3p. Conclusion CTBP1-AS2 promotes GC cells and inhibits apoptosis by regulating the miR-139-3p/MMP11 molecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Tian Y, Wang Y, Li F, Yang J, Xu Y, Ouyang M. LncRNA TUG1 regulates the balance of HuR and miR-29b-3p and inhibits intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Hum Cell 2020; 34:37-48. [PMID: 33047284 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine up-regulated 1 (TUG1) in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. A murine model of UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure. The colonic epithelial YAMC cells were treated with TNF-α to simulate the inflammatory environment of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). RNA pull-down and RIP assays were performed to analyze the interaction between TUG1 and HuR. Luciferase activity assay was conducted to evaluate the interaction between TUG1 and miR-29b-3p. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. TUG1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in the TNF-α-stimulated YAMC cells. The mechanistic analysis showed that TUG1 positively regulated the HuR/c-myc axis via its interaction with HuR, leading to upregulation of c-myc expression; meanwhile, TUG1 negatively regulated the miR-29b-3p/CDK2 signaling via binding to miR-29b-3p, leading to derepression of CDK2 expression. Further animal experiments showed that TUG1 overexpression attenuated UC progression in the DSS-induced UC in mice. Collectively, TUG1 inhibits IEC apoptosis and UC progression by regulating the balance of HuR and miR-29b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Health Care Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Shin TJ, Lee KH, Cho JY. Epigenetic Mechanisms of LncRNAs Binding to Protein in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2925. [PMID: 33050646 PMCID: PMC7599656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is an important feature for cancer initiation and progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that stably present as RNA forms with no translated protein and have lengths larger than 200 nucleotides. LncRNA can epigenetically regulate either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Nowadays, the combined research of lncRNA plus protein analysis is gaining more attention. LncRNA controls gene expression directly by binding to transcription factors of target genes and indirectly by complexing with other proteins to bind to target proteins and cause protein degradation, reduced protein stability, or interference with the binding of other proteins. Various studies have indicated that lncRNA contributes to cancer development by modulating genes epigenetically and studies have been done to determine which proteins are combined with lncRNA and contribute to cancer development. In this review, we look in depth at the epigenetic regulatory function of lncRNAs that are capable of complexing with other proteins in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.S.); (K.-H.L.)
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STAT3 Pathway in Gastric Cancer: Signaling, Therapeutic Targeting and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060126. [PMID: 32545648 PMCID: PMC7345582 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signaling pathways play a significant role in the regulation of biological mechanisms, and their abnormal expression can provide the conditions for cancer development. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key member of the STAT proteins and its oncogene role in cancer has been shown. STAT3 is able to promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and induces chemoresistance. Different downstream targets of STAT3 have been identified in cancer and it has also been shown that microRNA (miR), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and other molecular pathways are able to function as upstream mediators of STAT3 in cancer. In the present review, we focus on the role and regulation of STAT3 in gastric cancer (GC). miRs and lncRNAs are considered as potential upstream mediators of STAT3 and they are able to affect STAT3 expression in exerting their oncogene or onco-suppressor role in GC cells. Anti-tumor compounds suppress the STAT3 signaling pathway to restrict the proliferation and malignant behavior of GC cells. Other molecular pathways, such as sirtuin, stathmin and so on, can act as upstream mediators of STAT3 in GC. Notably, the components of the tumor microenvironment that are capable of targeting STAT3 in GC, such as fibroblasts and macrophages, are discussed in this review. Finally, we demonstrate that STAT3 can target oncogene factors to enhance the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells.
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