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Casper J, Schenk SH, Parhizkar E, Detampel P, Dehshahri A, Huwyler J. Polyethylenimine (PEI) in gene therapy: Current status and clinical applications. J Control Release 2023; 362:667-691. [PMID: 37666302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyethlyenimine (PEI) was introduced 1995 as a cationic polymer for nucleic acid delivery. PEI and its derivatives are extensively used in basic research and as reference formulations in the field of polymer-based gene delivery. Despite its widespread use, the number of clinical applications to date is limited. Thus, this review aims to consolidate the past applications of PEI in DNA delivery, elucidate the obstacles that hinder its transition to clinical use, and highlight potential prospects for novel iterations of PEI derivatives. The present review article is divided into three sections. The first section examines the mechanism of action employed by PEI, examining fundamental aspects of cellular delivery including uptake mechanisms, release from endosomes, and transport into the cell nucleus, along with potential strategies for enhancing these delivery phases. Moreover, an in-depth analysis is conducted concerning the mechanism underlying cellular toxicity, accompanied with approaches to overcome this major challenge. The second part is devoted to the in vivo performance of PEI and its application in various therapeutic indications. While systemic administration has proven to be challenging, alternative localized delivery routes hold promise, such as treatment of solid tumors, application as a vaccine, or serving as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary delivery. In the last section, the outcome of completed and ongoing clinical trials is summarized. Finally, an expert opinion is provided on the potential of PEI and its future applications. PEI-based formulations for nucleic acid delivery have a promising potential, it will be an important task for the years to come to introduce innovations that address PEI-associated shortcomings by introducing well-designed PEI formulations in combination with an appropriate route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Casper
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne H Schenk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elahehnaz Parhizkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Dobryakova NV, Zhdanov DD, Sokolov NN, Aleksandrova SS, Pokrovskaya MV, Kudryashova EV. Improvement of Biocatalytic Properties and Cytotoxic Activity of L-Asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum by Conjugation with Chitosan-Based Cationic Polyelectrolytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040406. [PMID: 35455403 PMCID: PMC9029710 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases (L-ASNases, EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that are widely used for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. L-ASNase from Rhodospirillum rubrum (RrA) has a low molecular weight, low glutaminase activity, and low immunogenicity, making it a promising enzyme for antitumor drug development. In our work, the complex formation and covalent conjugation of the enzyme with synthetic or natural polycationic polymers was studied. Among non-covalent polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC), polyethyleneimine (PEI) yielded the highest effect on RrA, increasing its activity by 30%. The RrA-PEI complex had increased stability to trypsinolysis, with an inactivation constant decrease up to 10-fold compared to that of the native enzyme. The covalent conjugation of RrA with chitosan-PEI, chitosan-polyethylene glycol (chitosan-PEG), and chitosan-glycol resulted in an increase in the specific activity of L-asparagine (up to 30%). RrA-chitosan-PEG demonstrated dramatically (by 60%) increased cytotoxic activity for human chronic myeloma leukemia K562 cells in comparison to the native enzyme. The antiproliferative activity of RrA and its conjugates was significantly higher (up to 50%) than for that of the commercially available EcA at the same concentration. The results of this study demonstrated that RrA conjugates with polycations can become a promising strategy for antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Dobryakova
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory St. 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (D.D.Z.); (E.V.K.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (N.N.S.); (S.S.A.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Elena V. Kudryashova
- Chemical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory St. 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.D.Z.); (E.V.K.)
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3
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Li F, Wu J, Li D, Hao L, Li Y, Yi D, Yeung KWK, Chen D, Lu WW, Pan H, Wong TM, Zhao X. Engineering stem cells to produce exosomes with enhanced bone regeneration effects: an alternative strategy for gene therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:135. [PMID: 35292020 PMCID: PMC8922796 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes derived from stem cells have been widely studied for promoting regeneration and reconstruction of multiple tissues as “cell-free” therapies. However, the applications of exosomes have been hindered by limited sources and insufficient therapeutic potency. Results In this study, a stem cell-mediated gene therapy strategy is developed in which mediator mesenchymal stem cells are genetically engineered by bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene to produce exosomes (MSC-BMP2-Exo) with enhanced bone regeneration potency. This effect is attributed to the synergistic effect of the content derived from MSCs and the up-regulated BMP2 gene expression. The MSC-BMP2-Exo also present homing ability to the injured site. The toxic effect of genetical transfection vehicles is borne by mediator MSCs, while the produced exosomes exhibit excellent biocompatibility. In addition, by plasmid tracking, it is interesting to find a portion of plasmid DNA can be encapsulated by exosomes and delivered to recipient cells. Conclusions In this strategy, engineered MSCs function as cellular factories, which effectively produce exosomes with designed and enhanced therapeutic effects. The accelerating effect in bone healing and the good biocompatibility suggest the potential clinical application of this strategy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01347-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Daiye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liuzhi Hao
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanqun Li
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - William W Lu
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tak Man Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Xu D, Su Y, Xu Q, Huang T, Chen Z, Zhang T. Uniform iron oxide nanoparticles reduce the required amount of polyethylenimine in the gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:125101. [PMID: 34874301 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polyethylenimine (PEI) is regarded as the 'golden standard' of non-viral gene vectors. However, the superiority of PEI with high positive charge density also induces its major drawback of cytotoxicity, which restricts its application for an effective and safe gene delivery to stem cells. To redress this shortcoming, herein, a magnetic gene complex containing uniform iron oxide nanoparticles (UIONPs), plasmid DNA, and free PEI is prepared through electrostatic interactions for the gene delivery to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Results show that UIONPs dramatically promote the gene delivery to BM-MSCs using the assistance of magnetic force. In addition, decreasing the free PEI nitrogen to DNA phosphate (N/P) ratio from 10 to 6 has little adverse impact on the transgene expression levels (over 300 times than that of PEI alone at the N/P ratio of 6) and significantly reduces the cytotoxicity to BM-MSCs. Further investigations confirmed that the decrease of free PEI has little influence on the cellular uptake after applying external magnetic forces, but that the reduced positive charge density decreases the cytotoxicity. The present study demonstrates that magnetic gene delivery not only contributes to the enhanced gene expression but also helps to reduce the required amount of PEI, providing a potential strategy for an efficient and safe gene delivery to stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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5
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Lee MC, Seonwoo H, Jang KJ, Pandey S, Lim J, Park S, Kim JE, Choung YH, Garg P, Chung JH. Development of novel gene carrier using modified nano hydroxyapatite derived from equine bone for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2742-2751. [PMID: 33665505 PMCID: PMC7895645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a representative substance that induces bone regeneration. Our research team extracted nanohydroxyapatite (EH) from natural resources, especially equine bones, and developed it as a molecular biological tool. Polyethylenimine (PEI) was used to coat the EH to develop a gene carrier. To verify that PEI is well coated in the EH, we first observed the morphology and dispersity of PEI-coated EH (pEH) by electron microscopy. The pEH particles were well distributed, while only the EH particles were not distributed and aggregated. Then, the existence of nitrogen elements of PEI on the surface of the pEH was confirmed by EDS, calcium concentration measurement and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, the pEH was confirmed to have a more positive charge than the 25 kD PEI by comparing the zeta potentials. As a result of pGL3 transfection, pEH was better able to transport genes to cells than 25 kD PEI. After verification as a gene carrier for pEH, we induced osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs by loading the BMP-2 gene in pEH (BMP-2/pEH) and delivering it to the cells. As a result, it was confirmed that osteogenic differentiation was promoted by showing that the expression of osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was significantly increased in the group treated with BMP-2/pEH. In conclusion, we have not only developed a novel nonviral gene carrier that is better performing and less toxic than 25 kD PEI by modifying natural HA (the agricultural byproduct) but also proved that bone differentiation can be effectively promoted by delivering BMP-2 with pEH to stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Je Jang
- Division of Agro-system Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shambhavi Pandey
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoon Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Bk21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ofridam F, Tarhini M, Lebaz N, Gagnière É, Mangin D, Elaissari A. pH
‐sensitive polymers: Classification and some fine potential applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Ofridam
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Mohamad Tarhini
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ISA UMR 5280 Villeurbanne France
| | - Noureddine Lebaz
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Émilie Gagnière
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Denis Mangin
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ISA UMR 5280 Villeurbanne France
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Folic Acid/Peptides Modified PLGA-PEI-PEG Polymeric Vectors as Efficient Gene Delivery Vehicles: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Biological Performance. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 63:63-79. [PMID: 33141343 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric vectors are safer alternatives for gene delivery owing to their advantages as compared to viral vectors. To improve the stability and transfection efficiency of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-based vectors, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), folic acid (FA), arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides and isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine (IKVAV) peptides were employed and PLGA-PEI-PEG-FA and PLGA-PEI-PEG-RGD copolymers were synthesized. PLGA-PEI-PEG-FA/DNA, PLGA-PEI-PEG-RGD/DNA and PLGA-PEI-PEG-RGD/IKVAV/DNA nanocomplexes (NCs) were formed through bulk mixing. The structure and properties, including morphology, particle size, surface charge and DNA encapsulation, of NCs were studied. Robust NCs with spherical shape, uniform size distribution and slightly positive charge were able to completely bind DNA above their respective N/P ratios. The critical N/P ratio for PLGA-PEI-PEG-FA/DNA, PLGA-PEI-PEG-RGD/DNA and PLGA-PEI-PEG-RGD/IKVAV/DNA NCs was identified to be 12:1, 8:1 and 10:1, respectively. The covalent modification of PEI through a combination of biodegradable PLGA, hydrophilic PEG and targeting motifs significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of PEI. The developed NCs showed both N/P ratio and cell type-dependent transfection efficiency. An increase in N/P ratio resulted in increased transfection efficiency, and much improved transfection efficiency of NCs was observed above their respective critical N/P ratios. This study provides a promising means to produce polymeric vectors for gene delivery.
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8
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In Vitro Assessment of Core-Shell Micellar Nanostructures of Amphiphilic Cationic Polymer-Peptide Conjugates as Efficient Gene and Drug Carriers. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2847-2853. [PMID: 32473212 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design and development of biocompatible, biodegradable and stable dual delivery systems for drug and gene is the need of the hour. Here, we have designed a strategy to develop carrier systems consisting of above mentioned properties by (a) incorporating an unnatural amino acid in the peptide backbone, and b) conjugating a low molecular weight cationic polymer (polyethylenimine, PEI) for incorporating cationic charge. Using this strategy, we have synthesized a small series of Boc-FΔF-AH-polyethylenimine conjugates by varying the concentration of Boc-FΔF-aminohexanoic acid, viz., PP-1, PP-2 and PP-3. These conjugates self-assembled in aqueous medium to form micelles in the size range of ~144-205 nm with zeta potential ~ +7.9-14.2 mV bearing core-shell type of conformation. Positive surface of the micelles facilitated the binding of plasmid DNA as well as transportation inside the cells. The hydrophobic core of the nanostructures helped in the encapsulation of the hydrophobic drug molecule, which was then got released in a controlled manner. DNA complexes of the conjugates were not only found non-toxic but also exhibited higher transfection efficacy than the native polymer and Lipofectamine. Altogether, these nanostructures are capable of delivering a drug and a gene simultaneously in vitro and could be used as next-generation delivery agents.
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9
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Mutalik SP, Pandey A, Mutalik S. Nanoarchitectronics: A versatile tool for deciphering nanoparticle interaction with cellular proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids at biological interfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:136-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Sukumar UK, Rajendran JCB, Gambhir SS, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R. SP94-Targeted Triblock Copolymer Nanoparticle Delivers Thymidine Kinase-p53-Nitroreductase Triple Therapeutic Gene and Restores Anticancer Function against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11307-11319. [PMID: 32048820 PMCID: PMC7997290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is a promising approach for cancer therapy, but it suffers from poor targeted delivery in vivo. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer efficient in delivering negatively charged nucleic acids across cell membranes; however, it is highly toxic in vivo. Hence, we efficiently reduced PEI toxicity without compromising its transfection efficiency by conjugating it with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as triblock copolymers through a multistep synthetic process. The synthesized nanoparticles showed efficient delivery of loaded nucleic acids to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in mice. We used this nanoparticle to deliver a rationally engineered thymidine kinase (TK)-p53-nitroreductase (NTR) triple therapeutic gene against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where p53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated in more than 85% of cancers. TK-p53-NTR triple gene therapy restores p53 function and potentiates cancer cell response to delivered prodrugs (ganciclovir (GCV) and CB1954). We used SP94 peptide-functionalized PLGA-PEG-PEI nanoparticles for the optimal delivery of TK-p53-NTR therapeutic gene in vivo. The nanoparticles prepared from the conjugated polymer showed high loading efficiency for the DNA and markedly enhanced TK-NTR-mediated gene therapy upon the simultaneous coexpression of p53 by the concurrent rescue of the endogenous apoptotic pathway in HCC cells of both p53-mutant and wild-type phenotypes in vitro. In vivo delivery of TK-p53-NTR genes by SP94-targeted PLGA-PEG-PEI NP in mice resulted in a strong expression of suicide genes selectively in tumors, and subsequent administration of GCV and CB1954 led to a decline in tumor growth, and established a superior therapeutic outcome against HCC. We demonstrate a highly efficient approach that exogenously supplements p53 to enable synergy with the outcome of TK-NTR suicide gene therapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday K Sukumar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Jagadesh Chandra Bose Rajendran
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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11
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Villafaña-López L, Reyes-Valadez DM, González-Vargas OA, Suárez-Toriello VA, Jaime-Ferrer JS. Custom-Made Ion Exchange Membranes at Laboratory Scale for Reverse Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E145. [PMID: 31689967 PMCID: PMC6918471 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salinity gradient power is a renewable, non-intermittent, and neutral carbon energy source. Reverse electrodialysis is one of the most efficient and mature techniques that can harvest this energy from natural estuaries produced by the mixture of seawater and river water. For this, the development of cheap and suitable ion-exchange membranes is crucial for a harvest profitability energy from salinity gradients. In this work, both anion-exchange membrane and cation-exchange membrane based on poly(epichlorohydrin) and polyvinyl chloride, respectively, were synthesized at a laboratory scale (255 c m 2) by way of a solvent evaporation technique. Anion-exchange membrane was surface modified with poly(ethylenimine) and glutaraldehyde, while cellulose acetate was used for the cation exchange membrane structural modification. Modified cation-exchange membrane showed an increase in surface hydrophilicity, ion transportation and permselectivity. Structural modification on the cation-exchange membrane was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. For the modified anion exchange membrane, a decrease in swelling degree and an increase in both the ion exchange capacity and the fixed charge density suggests an improved performance over the unmodified membrane. Finally, the results obtained in both modified membranes suggest that an enhanced performance in blue energy generation can be expected from these membranes using the reverse electrodialysis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villafaña-López
- CIATEC A.C., Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, León, Guanajuato 37545, Mexico.
| | - Daniel M Reyes-Valadez
- CIATEC A.C., Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, León, Guanajuato 37545, Mexico.
| | - Oscar A González-Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Control y Automatización, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica-Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM, Av. Politécnico S/N, Col. Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Victor A Suárez-Toriello
- CONACYT-CIATEC A.C., Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, León, Guanajuato 37545, Mexico.
| | - Jesús S Jaime-Ferrer
- CIATEC A.C., Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, León, Guanajuato 37545, Mexico.
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12
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Jiang C, Chen J, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu J. Recent advances in the development of polyethylenimine-based gene vectors for safe and efficient gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:363-376. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1604681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiatong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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13
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Jung S, Kim JH, Yim C, Lee M, Kang HJ, Choi D. Therapeutic effects of a mesenchymal stem cell‑based insulin‑like growth factor‑1/enhanced green fluorescent protein dual gene sorting system in a myocardial infarction rat model. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5563-5571. [PMID: 30365087 PMCID: PMC6236284 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to improve gene expression efficiency of insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1)‑transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a non‑viral carrier and a simplified method of dual gene selection. The therapeutic efficacy of this MSC‑based IGF‑1/enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) dual gene sorting system was evaluated in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. IGF‑1 and EGFP genes were expressed in MSCs in vitro. The purity of dual gene‑expressing MSCs was 95.1% by fluorescence‑activated cell sorting. Transfected MSCs injected into rats were identified based on green fluorescence, with an increased signal intensity observed in rats injected with sorted cells, compared with unsorted cells. IGF‑1 expression levels were additionally increased in the sorted group, and decreases in infarct size, fibrotic area and fraction of apoptotic cells were observed. These results demonstrated that IGF‑1 overexpression protects against fibrosis and apoptosis in the myocardium and reduces infarct size following MI. Additionally, the present vector sorting system may potentially be applied to other types of stem cell‑based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Jung
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwhi Yim
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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14
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Controlled Non-Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in gene therapy as a treatment for bone regeneration. While most fractures heal spontaneously, patients who present with fracture nonunion suffer from prolonged pain, disability, and often require additional operations to regain musculoskeletal function. RECENT FINDINGS In the last few years, BMP gene delivery by means of electroporation and sonoporation resulted in repair of nonunion bone defects in mice, rats, and minipigs. Ex vivo transfection of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resulted in bone regeneration following implantation in vertebral defects of minipigs. Sustained release of VEGF gene from a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold to the mandible of a human patient was shown to be safe and osteoinductive. In conclusion, gene therapy methods for bone regeneration are systematically becoming more efficient and show proof-of-concept in clinically relevant animal models. Yet, on the pathway to clinical use, more investigation is needed to determine the safety aspects of the various techniques in terms of biodistribution, toxicity, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shapiro
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Lieber
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP-8304, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP-8304, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Zakeri A, Kouhbanani MAJ, Beheshtkhoo N, Beigi V, Mousavi SM, Hashemi SAR, Karimi Zade A, Amani AM, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei E, Jahandideh S, Movahedpour A. Polyethylenimine-based nanocarriers in co-delivery of drug and gene: a developing horizon. NANO REVIEWS & EXPERIMENTS 2018; 9:1488497. [PMID: 30410712 PMCID: PMC6171788 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2018.1488497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The meaning of gene therapy is the delivery of DNA or RNA to cells for the treatment or prevention of genetic disorders. The success rate of gene therapy depends on the progression and safe gene delivery system. The vectors available for gene therapy are divided into viral and non-viral systems. Viral vectors cause higher transmission efficiency and long gene expression, but they have major problems, such as immunogenicity, carcinogenicity, the inability to transfer large size genes and high costs. Non-viral gene transfer vectors have attracted more attention because they exhibit less toxicity and the ability to transfer large size genes. However, the clinical application of non-viral methods still faces some limitations, including low transmission efficiency and poor gene expression. In recent years, numerous methods and gene-carriers have been developed to improve gene transfer efficiency. The use of Polyethylenimine (PEI) based transfer of collaboration may create a new way of treating diseases and the combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the PEI as an appropriate vector for the effective gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Zakeri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Beigi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Reza Hashemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ayoob Karimi Zade
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmail Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Jahandideh
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hsieh MK, Wu CJ, Chen CC, Tsai TT, Niu CC, Wu SC, Lai PL. BMP-2 gene transfection of bone marrow stromal cells to induce osteoblastic differentiation in a rat calvarial defect model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:806-816. [PMID: 30033316 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy for bone tissue engineering has been widely developed. Recently, non-viral DNA-based gene therapy has been reported to be a safer and more efficient method of delivering DNA into target cells. We used a non-viral gene transfection reagent to delivery bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene into bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Primary BMSCs were isolated from rat femurs and transfected with BMP-2 plasmids. The transfection rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The concentration of BMP-2 protein was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of osteopontin and osteocalcin were measured to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, we designed a critical-size calvarial defect rat model to study new bone regeneration, using Matrigel as a scaffold to carry BMP-2-transfected bone marrow stromal cells into the defect site. New bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography, X-ray, immunohistochemical staining and histomophometry. The transfection rate after 72 h was 31.5%. The BMP-2 protein level as well as osteopontin and osteocalcin expressions were higher in the experimental group (transfected with BMP-2) than the control group (transfected with green fluorescent protein, GFP). The in vivo study suggested that bone healing occurred 12 weeks after scaffold implantation. In addition, BMP-2-transfected bone marrow stromal cells provided better osteogenic differentiation than primary bone marrow stromal cells. Our findings suggest that non-viral gene therapy may be useful in bone tissue engineering. SIGNIFICANCE The study has clinical implications for the wider use of BMP-2-transfected BMSCs for cell-based transplantation therapy in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kai Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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18
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Ibrahim A, Bulstrode NW, Whitaker IS, Eastwood DM, Dunaway D, Ferretti P. Nanotechnology for Stimulating Osteoprogenitor Differentiation. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:849-861. [PMID: 28217210 PMCID: PMC5299582 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone is the second most transplanted tissue and due to its complex structure, metabolic demands and various functions, current reconstructive options such as foreign body implants and autologous tissue transfer are limited in their ability to restore defects. Most tissue engineering approaches target osteoinduction of osteoprogenitor cells by modifying the extracellular environment, using scaffolds or targeting intracellular signaling mechanisms or commonly a combination of all of these. Whilst there is no consensus as to what is the optimal cell type or approach, nanotechnology has been proposed as a powerful tool to manipulate the biomolecular and physical environment to direct osteoprogenitor cells to induce bone formation. Methods: Review of the published literature was undertaken to provide an overview of the use of nanotechnology to control osteoprogenitor differentiation and discuss the most recent developments, limitations and future directions. Results: Nanotechnology can be used to stimulate osteoprogenitor differentiation in a variety of way. We have principally classified research into nanotechnology for bone tissue engineering as generating biomimetic scaffolds, a vector to deliver genes or growth factors to cells or to alter the biophysical environment. A number of studies have shown promising results with regards to directing ostroprogenitor cell differentiation although limitations include a lack of in vivo data and incomplete characterization of engineered bone. Conclusion: There is increasing evidence that nanotechnology can be used to direct the fate of osteoprogenitor and promote bone formation. Further analysis of the functional properties and long term survival in animal models is required to assess the maturity and clinical potential of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibrahim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK; Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, The Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Swansea, UK; European Centre of Nano Health, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - N W Bulstrode
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - I S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, The Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Swansea, UK; European Centre of Nano Health, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - D M Eastwood
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D Dunaway
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - P Ferretti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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19
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Taranejoo S, Chandrasekaran R, Cheng W, Hourigan K. Bioreducible PEI-functionalized glycol chitosan: A novel gene vector with reduced cytotoxicity and improved transfection efficiency. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Das J, Choi YJ, Yasuda H, Han JW, Park C, Song H, Bae H, Kim JH. Efficient delivery of C/EBP beta gene into human mesenchymal stem cells via polyethylenimine-coated gold nanoparticles enhances adipogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33784. [PMID: 27677463 PMCID: PMC5039411 DOI: 10.1038/srep33784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The controlled differentiation of stem cells via the delivery of specific genes encoding appropriate differentiation factors may provide useful models for regenerative medicine and aid in developing therapies for human patients. However, the majority of non-viral vectors are not efficient enough to manipulate difficult-to-transfect adult human stem cells in vitro. Herein, we report the first use of 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles (AuPEINPs) and covalently bound polyethylenimine-gold nanoparticles (AuMUAPEINPs) as carriers for efficient gene delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We determined a functional application of these nanoparticles by transfecting hMSCs with the C/EBP beta gene, fused to EGFP, to induce adipogenic differentiation. Transfection efficacy with AuPEINPs and AuMUAPEINPs was 52.3% and 40.7%, respectively, which was 2.48 and 1.93 times higher than that by using Lipofectamine 2000. Luciferase assay results also demonstrated improved gene transfection efficiency of AuPEINPs/AuMUAPEINPs over Lipofectamine 2000 and polyethylenimine. Overexpression of exogenous C/EBP beta significantly enhanced adipogenesis in hMSCs as indicated by both of Oil Red O staining and mRNA expression analyses. Nanoparticle/DNA complexes exhibited favorable cytocompatibility in hMSCs. Taken together, AuPEINPs and AuMUAPEINPs potentially represent safe and highly efficient vehicles for gene delivery to control hMSC differentiation and for therapeutic gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hideyo Yasuda
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Dept. of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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21
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Jeong C, Yoo J, Lee D, Kim YC. A branched TAT cell-penetrating peptide as a novel delivery carrier for the efficient gene transfection. Biomater Res 2016; 20:28. [PMID: 27606074 PMCID: PMC5013572 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) as one class of non-viral vectors, have been widely explored as a delivery tool due to their cell-penetrating capability with low cytotoxicity. However, CPPs have reported to have low gene transfection efficiency mainly due to the fact that DNA is larger than other biomolecules. On the other hand, the conventional linear CPPs are unstable for constructing the DNA complexes with it. Thus, here we designed a branched CPP using disulfide bridges based on the linear TAT peptide, to enhance the gene delivery efficiency in a better way. Results The branched TAT (BTAT) was synthesized by the DMSO oxidation method and showed high-molecular-weight about 294 kDa. The resulting BTAT was complexed with plasmid green fluorescence protein (pGFP) gene at various N/P ratios. The gene transfection efficiency was assessed on HeLa cells after treating with BTAT/pGFP complexes, showed high gene transfection efficiency as conformed by flowcytometry followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) visualization. Conclusion The novel BTAT/pGFP complex exhibited significantly higher stability and redox cleavability by reducing agent. In addition, BTAT showed higher transfection efficiency approximately 40-fold than those of the TAT and mTAT complexes. Our primary experiments demonstrated the potential of BTAT as a suitable candidate for gene delivery and it could be applied for various types of gene delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanuk Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - DaeYong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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Adams C, Israel LL, Ostrovsky S, Taylor A, Poptani H, Lellouche JP, Chari D. Development of Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Genetic Engineering and Tracking of Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:841-9. [PMID: 26867130 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification of cell transplant populations and cell tracking ability are key underpinnings for effective cell therapies. Current strategies to achieve these goals utilize methods which are unsuitable for clinical translation because of related safety issues, and multiple protocol steps adding to cost and complexity. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offering dual mode gene delivery and imaging contrast capacity offer a valuable tool in this context. Despite their key benefits, there is a critical lack of neurocompatible and multifunctional particles described for use with transplant populations for neurological applications. Here, a systematic screen of MNPs (using a core shown to cause contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) bearing various surface chemistries (polyethylenimine (PEI) and oxidized PEI and hybrids of oxidized PEI/alginic acid, PEI/chitosan and PEI/polyamidoamine) is performed to test their ability to genetically engineer neural stem cells (NSCs; a cell population of high clinical relevance for central nervous system disorders). It is demonstrated that gene delivery to NSCs can be safely achieved using two of the developed formulations (PEI and oxPEI/alginic acid) when used in conjunction with oscillating magnetofection technology. After transfection, intracellular particles can be detected by histological procedures with labeled cells displaying contrast in MRI (for real time cell tracking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Adams
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Staffordshire ST55BG United Kingdom
| | - Liron Limor Israel
- Department of Chemistry; Building 211 (the Gradel Centre); Room 303 (3rd floor); Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Stella Ostrovsky
- Department of Chemistry; Building 211 (the Gradel Centre); Room 303 (3rd floor); Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Centre for Pre-Clinical Imaging; Institute for Translational Medicine; Crown Street; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3BX United Kingdom
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Pre-Clinical Imaging; Institute for Translational Medicine; Crown Street; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3BX United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry; Building 211 (the Gradel Centre); Room 303 (3rd floor); Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Divya Chari
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Staffordshire ST55BG United Kingdom
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Zhao MD, Cheng JL, Yan JJ, Chen FY, Sheng JZ, Sun DL, Chen J, Miao J, Zhang RJ, Zheng CH, Huang HF. Hyaluronic acid reagent functional chitosan-PEI conjugate with AQP2-siRNA suppressed endometriotic lesion formation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1323-36. [PMID: 27099493 PMCID: PMC4821386 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify a new drug candidate for treating endometriosis which has fewer side effects, a new polymeric nanoparticle gene delivery system consisting of polyethylenimine-grafted chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-PEI) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed. There was no obvious difference in sizes observed between (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA and CSO-PEI/siRNA, but the fluorescence accumulation in the endometriotic lesion was more significant for (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA compared with CSO-PEI/siRNA due to the specific binding of HA to CD44. In addition, the (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA nanoparticle gene therapy significantly decreased the endometriotic lesion sizes with atrophy and degeneration of the ectopic endometrium. The epithelial cells of ectopic endometrium from rat models of endometriosis showed a significantly lower CD44 expression than control after treatment with (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA. Furthermore, observation under an electron microscope showed no obvious toxic effect on the reproductive organs. Therefore, (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA gene delivery system can be used as an effective method for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Dan Zhao
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Yan
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ying Chen
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Li Sun
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Miao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Ju Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Hong Zheng
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Aljawish A, Muniglia L, Chevalot I. Growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on films of enzymatically modified chitosan. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:491-500. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Aljawish
- Université De Lorraine, Laboratoire D'ingénierie Des Biomolécules (LIBio); TSA40602-F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Lionel Muniglia
- Université De Lorraine, Laboratoire D'ingénierie Des Biomolécules (LIBio); TSA40602-F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Isabelle Chevalot
- Université De Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions Et Génie Des Procédés (LRGP-CNRS-UMR 7274); TSA40602-F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
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25
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Corradetti B, Ferrari M. Nanotechnology for mesenchymal stem cell therapies. J Control Release 2015; 240:242-250. [PMID: 26732556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display great proliferative, differentiative, chemotactic, and immune-modulatory properties required to promote tissue repair. Several clinical trials based on the use of MSC are currently underway for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this article is to examine the current trends and potential impact of nanotechnology in MSC-driven regenerative medicine. Nanoparticle-based approaches are used as powerful carrier systems for the targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to ensure MSC long-term maintenance in vitro and to enhance their regenerative potential. Nanostructured materials have been developed to recapitulate the stem cell niche within a tissue and to instruct MSC toward the creation of regeneration-permissive environment. Finally, the capability of MSC to migrate toward the site of injury/inflammation has allowed for the development of diagnostic imaging systems able to monitor transplanted stem cell bio-distribution, toxicity, and therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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