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Yang W, Mu Y, Chen X, Jin N, Song J, Chen J, Dong L, Liu C, Xuan W, Zhou C, Cong C, Shang J, He S, Wang G, Li J. CVD growth of large-area monolayer WS 2 film on sapphire through tuning substrate environment and its application for high-sensitive strain sensor. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36795193 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-area, continuous monolayer WS2 exhibits great potential for future micro-nanodevice applications due to its special electrical properties and mechanical flexibility. In this work, the front opening quartz boat is used to increase the amount of sulfur (S) vapor under the sapphire substrate, which is critical for achieving large-area films during the chemical vapor deposition processes. COMSOL simulations reveal that the front opening quartz boat will significantly introduce gas distribute under the sapphire substrate. Moreover, the gas velocity and height of substrate away from the tube bottom will also affect the substrate temperature. By carefully optimizing the gas velocity, temperature, and height of substrate away from the tube bottom, a large-scale continues monolayered WS2 film was achieved. Field-effect transistor based on the as-grown monolayer WS2 showed a mobility of 3.76 cm2V-1 s-1 and ON/OFF ratio of 106. In addition, a flexible WS2/PEN strain sensor with a gauge factor of 306 was fabricated, showing great potential for applications in wearable biosensors, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuanbin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiangshuo Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ningjing Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Changjie Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- High Tech Center for New Materials, Novel Devices and Cutting Edge Manufacturing, Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingzhi Shang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Silin He
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Shabbir MW, Leuenberger MN. Theoretical Model of a Plasmonically Enhanced Tunable Spectrally Selective Infrared Photodetector Based on Intercalation-Doped Nanopatterned Multilayer Graphene. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5529-5536. [PMID: 35316039 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We showed in past work that nanopatterned monolayer graphene (NPG) can be used for realizing an ultrafast (∼100 ns) and spectrally selective mid-infrared (mid-IR) photodetector based on the photothermoelectric effect and working in the 8-12 μm regime. In later work, we showed that the absorption wavelength of NPG can be extended to the 3-8 μm regime. Further extension to shorter wavelengths would require a smaller nanohole size that is not attainable with current technology. Here, we show by means of a theoretical model that nanopatterned multilayer graphene intercalated with FeCl3 (NPMLG-FeCl3) overcomes this problem by substantially extending the detection wavelength into the range from λ = 1.3 to 3 μm. We present a proof of concept for a spectrally selective infrared (IR) photodetector based on NPMLG-FeCl3 that can operate from λ = 1.3 to 12 μm and beyond. The localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the graphene sheets in NPMLG-FeCl3 allow for electrostatic tuning of the photodetection wavelength. Most importantly, the LSPs along with an optical cavity increase the absorbance from about N × 2.6% for N-layer graphene-FeCl3 (without patterning) to nearly 100% for NPMLG-FeCl3, where the strong absorbance occurs locally inside the graphene sheets only. Our IR detection scheme relies on the photothermoelectric effect induced by asymmetric patterning of the multilayer graphene (MLG) sheets. The LSPs on the nanopatterned side create hot carriers that give rise to the Seebeck effect at room temperature, achieving a responsivity of R=6.15×103 V/W, a detectivity of D* = 2.3 × 109 Jones, and an ultrafast response time of the order of 100 ns. Our theoretical results can be used to develop graphene-based photodetection, optical IR communication, IR color displays, and IR spectroscopy over a wide IR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Shabbir
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Michael N Leuenberger
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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Kovalska E, Luxa J, Hartman T, Antonatos N, Shaban P, Oparin E, Zhukova M, Sofer Z. Non-aqueous solution-processed phosphorene by controlled low-potential electrochemical exfoliation and thin film preparation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2638-2647. [PMID: 31939986 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10257d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) in its monolayer form called phosphorene is thought of as a successor of graphene and is of great interest for (opto)electronic applications. A quantitative and scalable method for the synthesis of (mono-)few-layer phosphorene has been an outstanding challenge due to the process irreproducibility and environmental degradation capability of the BP. Here, we report a facile controlled electrochemical exfoliation method for the preparation of a few-layer phosphorene (FP) with nearly 100% yield. Our approach relies on the low-potential influence in anhydrous and oxygen-free low-boiling acetonitrile (AN) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) using alkylammonium ions. Herein, intercalation of positive ions into BP interlayers occurred with a minimum potential of -2.95 V in DMF and -2.85 V in AN and the non-damaging and highly accurate electrochemical exfoliation lasted at -3.8 V. A variety of analytical methods have revealed that in particular DMF-based exfoliation results in high-quality phosphorene of 1-5 layers with good crystallinity and lateral sizes up to tens of micrometers. Moreover, assurance of the oxygen- and water-free environment allowed us to minimize the surface oxidation of BP and, consequently, exfoliated phosphorene. We pioneer an effective and reproducible printing transfer of electrochemically exfoliated phosphorene films onto various flexible and rigid substrates. The surfactant-free process of exfoliation allowed assembly and transfer of thin films based on FP. The phosphorene-based films characterized as direct gap semiconductors have a layer-number-dependent bandgap with a tuning range larger than that of other 2D materials. We show that on varying the films' thickness, it is possible to modify their optical properties, which is a significant advantage for compact and switchable optoelectronic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Kovalska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Hartman
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Polina Shaban
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technology, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49, 197101 Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Egor Oparin
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technology, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49, 197101 Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Zhukova
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technology, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49, 197101 Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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