1
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Raman R, Muthu J, Yen ZL, Qorbani M, Chen YX, Chen DR, Hofmann M, Hsieh YP. Selective activation of MoS 2 grain boundaries for enhanced electrochemical activity. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:946-955. [PMID: 38456521 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising material for catalysis and sustainable energy conversion. However, the inertness of its basal plane to electrochemical reactions poses challenges to the utilization of wafer-scale MoS2 in electrocatalysis. To overcome this limitation, we present a technique that enhances the catalytic activity of continuous MoS2 by preferentially activating its buried grain boundaries (GBs). Through mild UV irradiation, a significant enhancement in GB activity was observed that approaches the values for MoS2 edges, as confirmed by a site-selective photo-deposition technique and micro-electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) measurements. Combined spectroscopic characterization and ab-initio simulation demonstrates substitutional oxygen functionalization at the grain boundaries to be the origin of this selective catalytic enhancement by an order of magnitude. Our approach not only improves the density of active sites in MoS2 catalytic processes but yields a new photocatalytic conversion process. By exploiting the difference in electronic structure between activated GBs and the basal plane, homo-compositional junctions were realized that improve the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen by 47% and achieve performances beyond the capabilities of other catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeyavelan Muthu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Long Yen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Qorbani
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xiang Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Rui Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mario Hofmann
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Kuş E, Altındemir G, Bostan YK, Taşaltın C, Erol A, Wang Y, Sarcan F. A Dual-Channel MoS 2-Based Selective Gas Sensor for Volatile Organic Compounds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:633. [PMID: 38607167 PMCID: PMC11013178 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in two-dimensional material-based sensing devices over the past decade. Organic vapor sensors, particularly those using graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides as key components, have demonstrated excellent sensitivity. These sensors are highly active because all the atoms in the ultra-thin layers are exposed to volatile compounds. However, their selectivity needs improvement. We propose a novel gas-sensing device that addresses this challenge. It consists of two side-by-side sensors fabricated from the same active material, few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), for detecting volatile organic compounds like alcohol, acetone, and toluene. To create a dual-channel sensor, we introduce a simple step into the conventional 2D material sensor fabrication process. This step involves treating one-half of the few-layer MoS₂ using ultraviolet-ozone (UV-O3) treatment. The responses of pristine few-layer MoS₂ sensors to 3000 ppm of ethanol, acetone, and toluene gases are 18%, 3.5%, and 49%, respectively. The UV-O3-treated few-layer MoS₂-based sensors show responses of 13.4%, 3.1%, and 6.7%, respectively. This dual-channel sensing device demonstrates a 7-fold improvement in selectivity for toluene gas against ethanol and acetone. Our work sheds light on understanding surface processes and interaction mechanisms at the interface between transition metal dichalcogenides and volatile organic compounds, leading to enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kuş
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey; (E.K.); (Y.K.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Gülay Altındemir
- Materials Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (G.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Yusuf Kerem Bostan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey; (E.K.); (Y.K.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Cihat Taşaltın
- Materials Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (G.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Ayse Erol
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey; (E.K.); (Y.K.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Fahrettin Sarcan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey; (E.K.); (Y.K.B.); (A.E.)
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3
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Sovizi S, Angizi S, Ahmad Alem SA, Goodarzi R, Taji Boyuk MRR, Ghanbari H, Szoszkiewicz R, Simchi A, Kruse P. Plasma Processing and Treatment of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Tuning Properties and Defect Engineering. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13869-13951. [PMID: 38048483 PMCID: PMC10756211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer fascinating opportunities for fundamental nanoscale science and various technological applications. They are a promising platform for next generation optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices due to their exceptional characteristics at the nanoscale, such as tunable bandgap and strong light-matter interactions. The performance of TMD-based devices is mainly governed by the structure, composition, size, defects, and the state of their interfaces. Many properties of TMDs are influenced by the method of synthesis so numerous studies have focused on processing high-quality TMDs with controlled physicochemical properties. Plasma-based methods are cost-effective, well controllable, and scalable techniques that have recently attracted researchers' interest in the synthesis and modification of 2D TMDs. TMDs' reactivity toward plasma offers numerous opportunities to modify the surface of TMDs, including functionalization, defect engineering, doping, oxidation, phase engineering, etching, healing, morphological changes, and altering the surface energy. Here we comprehensively review all roles of plasma in the realm of TMDs. The fundamental science behind plasma processing and modification of TMDs and their applications in different fields are presented and discussed. Future perspectives and challenges are highlighted to demonstrate the prominence of TMDs and the importance of surface engineering in next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sovizi
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sayed Ali Ahmad Alem
- Chair in
Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversität
Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Reyhaneh Goodarzi
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Ghanbari
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Szoszkiewicz
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of
Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science
& Technology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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4
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Fukui A, Matsuyama K, Onoe H, Itai S, Ikeno H, Hiraoka S, Hiura K, Hijikata Y, Pirillo J, Nagata T, Takei K, Yoshimura T, Fujimura N, Kiriya D. Unusual Selective Monitoring of N,N-Dimethylformamide in a Two-Dimensional Material Field-Effect Transistor. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14981-14989. [PMID: 37458690 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is an essential solvent in industries and pharmaceutics. Its market size range was estimated to be 2 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. Monitoring DMF in solution environments in real time is significant because of its toxicity. However, DMF is not a redox-active molecule; therefore, selective monitoring of DMF in solutions, especially in polar aqueous solutions, in real time is extremely difficult. In this paper, we propose a selective DMF sensor using a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field-effect transistor (FET). The sensor responds to DMF molecules but not to similar molecules of formamide, N,N-diethylformamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide. The plausible atomic mechanism is the oxygen substitution sites on MoS2, on which the DMF molecule shows an exceptional orientation. The thin structure of MoS2-FET can be incorporated into a microfluidic chamber, which leads to DMF monitoring in real time by exchanging solutions subsequently. The designed device shows DMF monitoring in NaCl ionic solutions from 1 to 200 μL/mL. This work proposes the concept of selectively monitoring redox-inactive molecules based on the nonideal atomic affinity site on the surface of two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Fukui
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keigo Matsuyama
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shun Itai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeno
- Department of Materials Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hiraoka
- Department of Materials Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kousei Hiura
- Department of Materials Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagata
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Norifumi Fujimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kiriya
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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5
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Zhou H, Sharma A, Deng J, Ke C. Physical adsorption and oxidation of ultra-thin MoS 2crystals: insights into surface engineering for 2D electronics and beyond. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:405701. [PMID: 37462320 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace1f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The oxidation mechanism of atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) plays a critical role in its nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and catalytic applications, where devices often operate in an elevated thermal environment. In this study, we systematically investigate the oxidation of mono- and few-layer MoS2flakes in the air at temperatures ranging from 23 °C to 525 °C and relative humidities of 10%-60% by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our study reveals the formation of a uniform nanometer-thick physical adsorption layer on the surface of MoS2, which is attributed to the adsorption of ambient moisture. This physical adsorption layer acts as a thermal shield of the underlying MoS2lattice to enhance its thermal stability and can be effectively removed by an AFM tip scanning in contact mode or annealing at 400 °C. Our study shows that high-temperature thermal annealing and AFM tip-based cleaning result in chemical adsorption on sulfur vacancies in MoS2, leading to p-type doping. Our study highlights the importance of humidity control in ensuring reliable and optimal performance for MoS2-based electronic and electrochemical devices and provides crucial insights into the surface engineering of MoS2, which are relevant to the study of other two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
| | - Anju Sharma
- Small Scale Systems Integration and Packaging Center, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
| | - Changhong Ke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
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6
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Guo T, Xu X, Liu C, Wang Y, Lei Y, Fang B, Shi L, Liu H, Hota MK, Al-Jawhari HA, Zhang X, Alshareef HN. Large-Area Metal-Semiconductor Heterojunctions Realized via MXene-Induced Two-Dimensional Surface Polarization. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8324-8332. [PMID: 37079914 PMCID: PMC10173692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct MXene deposition on large-area 2D semiconductor surfaces can provide design versatility for the fabrication of MXene-based electronic devices (MXetronics). However, it is challenging to deposit highly uniform wafer-scale hydrophilic MXene films (e.g., Ti3C2Tx) on hydrophobic 2D semiconductor channel materials (e.g., MoS2). Here, we demonstrate a modified drop-casting (MDC) process for the deposition of MXene on MoS2 without any pretreatment, which typically degrades the quality of either MXene or MoS2. Different from the traditional drop-casting method, which usually forms rough and thick films at the micrometer scale, our MDC method can form an ultrathin Ti3C2Tx film (ca. 10 nm) based on a MXene-introduced MoS2 surface polarization phenomenon. In addition, our MDC process does not require any pretreatment, unlike MXene spray-coating that usually requires a hydrophilic pretreatment of the substrate surface before deposition. This process offers a significant advantage for Ti3C2Tx film deposition on UV-ozone- or O2-plasma-sensitive surfaces. Using the MDC process, we fabricated wafer-scale n-type Ti3C2Tx-MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction transistors, achieving an average effective electron mobility of ∼40 cm2·V-1·s-1, on/off current ratios exceeding 104, and subthreshold swings of under 200 mV·dec-1. The proposed MDC process can considerably enhance the applications of MXenes, especially the design of MXene/semiconductor nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Liu
- Applied Physics, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hang Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Al-Jawhari
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Song Y, Park M, Park J, Ahn HS, Kim TK, Ju SY. Long-Term Exposure of MoS 2 to Oxygen and Water Promoted Armchair-to-Zigzag-Directional Line Unzippings. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101706. [PMID: 35630927 PMCID: PMC9145627 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the long-term stability of MoS2 is important for various optoelectronic applications. Herein, we show that the long-term exposure to an oxygen atmosphere for up to a few months results in zigzag (zz)-directional line unzipping of the MoS2 basal plane. In contrast to exposure to dry or humid N2 atmospheres, dry O2 treatment promotes the initial formation of line defects, mainly along the armchair (ac) direction, and humid O2 treatment further promotes ac line unzipping near edges. Further incubation of MoS2 for a few months in an O2 atmosphere results in massive zz-directional line unzipping. The photoluminescence and the strain-doping plot based on two prominent bands in the Raman spectrum show that, in contrast to dry-N2-treated MoS2, the O2-treated MoS2 primarily exhibits hole doping, whereas humid-O2-treated MoS2 mainly exists in a neutral charge state with tension. This study provides a guideline for MoS2 preservation and a further method for generating controlled defects.
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8
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Remote Plasma-Induced Synthesis of Self-Assembled MoS2/Carbon Nanowall Nanocomposites and Their Application as High-Performance Active Materials for Supercapacitors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081338. [PMID: 35458047 PMCID: PMC9028215 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the synthesis and influence of MoS2 on carbon nanowalls (CNWs) as supercapacitor electrodes. The synthesis of MoS2 on CNW was achieved by the introduction of hydrogen remote plasma from ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) without deterioration of the CNWs. The topographical surface structures and electrochemical characteristics of the MoS2–CNW composite electrodes were explored using two ATTM-dispersed organic solvents—acetonitrile and dimethylformamide (DMF). In this study, CNW and MoS2 were synthesized using an electron cyclotron resonance plasma. However, hydrogen radicals, which transform ATTM into MoS2, were provided in the form of a remote plasma source. The electrochemical performances of MoS2–CNW hybrid electrodes with various morphologies—depending on the solvent and ATTM concentration—were evaluated using a three-electrode system. The results revealed that the morphology of the synthesized MoS2 was influenced by the organic solvent used and affected both the electrochemical performance and topographical characteristics. Notably, considerable enhancement of the specific capacitance was observed for the MoS2 with open top edges synthesized from DMF. These encouraging results may motivate additional research on hybrid supercapacitor electrodes and the rapid synthesis of MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides.
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9
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Alam MH, Chowdhury S, Roy A, Wu X, Ge R, Rodder MA, Chen J, Lu Y, Stern C, Houben L, Chrostowski R, Burlison SR, Yang SJ, Serna MI, Dodabalapur A, Mangolini F, Naveh D, Lee JC, Banerjee SK, Warner JH, Akinwande D. Wafer-Scalable Single-Layer Amorphous Molybdenum Trioxide. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3756-3767. [PMID: 35188367 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), an important transition metal oxide (TMO), has been extensively investigated over the past few decades due to its potential in existing and emerging technologies, including catalysis, energy and data storage, electrochromic devices, and sensors. Recently, the growing interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials, often rich in interesting properties and functionalities compared to their bulk counterparts, has led to the investigation of 2D MoO3. However, the realization of large-area true 2D (single to few atom layers thick) MoO3 is yet to be achieved. Here, we demonstrate a facile route to obtain wafer-scale monolayer amorphous MoO3 using 2D MoS2 as a starting material, followed by UV-ozone oxidation at a substrate temperature as low as 120 °C. This simple yet effective process yields smooth, continuous, uniform, and stable monolayer oxide with wafer-scale homogeneity, as confirmed by several characterization techniques, including atomic force microscopy, numerous spectroscopy methods, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, using the subnanometer MoO3 as the active layer sandwiched between two metal electrodes, we demonstrate the thinnest oxide-based nonvolatile resistive switching memory with a low voltage operation and a high ON/OFF ratio. These results (potentially extendable to other TMOs) will enable further exploration of subnanometer stoichiometric MoO3, extending the frontiers of ultrathin flexible oxide materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasibul Alam
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Sayema Chowdhury
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Anupam Roy
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Ruijing Ge
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Michael A Rodder
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Stern
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, IL 52900, Israel
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, IL 5290002, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Robert Chrostowski
- Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Scott R Burlison
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Sung Jin Yang
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Martha I Serna
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Ananth Dodabalapur
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Filippo Mangolini
- Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, IL 52900, Israel
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, IL 5290002, Israel
| | - Jack C Lee
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Pham T, Chen Y, Lopez J, Yang M, Tran TT, Mulchandani A. Effect of Al 2O 3 Passive Layer on Stability and Doping of MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:514. [PMID: 34940270 PMCID: PMC8699215 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) features a band gap of 1.3 eV (indirect) to 1.9 eV (direct). This tunable band gap renders MoS2 a suitable conducting channel for field-effect transistors (FETs). In addition, the highly sensitive surface potential in MoS2 layers allows the feasibility of FET applications in biosensors, where direct immobilization and detection of biological molecules are conducted in wet conditions. In this work, we report, for the first time, the degradation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown MoS2 FET-based sensors in the presence of phosphate buffer and water, which caused false positive response in detection. We conclude the degradation was originated by physical delamination of MoS2 thin films from the SiO2 substrate. The problem was alleviated by coating the sensors with a 30 nm thick aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer using atomic layer deposition technique (ALD). This passive oxide thin film not only acted as a protecting layer against the device degradation but also induced a strong n-doping onto MoS2, which permitted a facile method of detection in MoS2 FET-based sensors using a low-power mode chemiresistive I-V measurement at zero gate voltage (Vgate = 0 V). Additionally, the oxide layer provided available sites for facile functionalization with bioreceptors. As immunoreaction plays a key role in clinical diagnosis and environmental analysis, our work presented a promising application using such enhanced Al2O3-coated MoS2 chemiresistive biosensors for detection of HIgG with high sensitivity and selectivity. The biosensor was successfully applied to detect HIgG in artificial urine, a complex matrix containing organics and salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Pham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.P.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.P.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jhoann Lopez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.P.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.P.); (Y.C.); (J.L.)
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
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Ma X, Mu Y, Xie G, Wan H, Li W, Li M, Dai H, Guo B, Gong JR. Modification of interface and electronic transport in van der Waals heterojunctions by UV/O 3. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:415703. [PMID: 34198285 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterojunctions have many unique properties, and energy band modulation is central to applying these properties to electronic devices. Taking the 2D graphene/MoS2heterojunction as a model system, we demonstrate that the band structure can be finely tuned by changing the graphene structure of the 2D heterojunction via ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3). With increasing UV/O3exposure time, graphene in the heterojunction has more defect structures. The varied defect levels in graphene modulate the interfacial charge transfer, accordingly the band structure of the heterojunction. And the corresponding performance change of the graphene/MoS2field effect transistor indicates the shift of the Schottky barrier height after UV/O3treatment. The result further proves the effective band structure modulation of the graphene/MoS2heterojunction by UV/O3. This work will be beneficial to both fundamental research and practical applications of 2D van der Waals heterojunction in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Mu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Guancai Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Wan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidou Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ru Gong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Chiu NF, Tai MJ, Nurrohman DT, Lin TL, Wang YH, Chen CY. Immunoassay-Amplified Responses Using a Functionalized MoS 2-Based SPR Biosensor to Detect PAPP-A2 in Maternal Serum Samples to Screen for Fetal Down's Syndrome. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2715-2733. [PMID: 33859474 PMCID: PMC8043798 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to educational, social and economic reasons, more and more women are delaying childbirth. However, advanced maternal age is associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes, and in particular a high risk of Down’s syndrome (DS). Hence, it is increasingly important to be able to detect fetal Down’s syndrome (FDS). Methods We developed an effective, highly sensitive, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor with biochemically amplified responses using carboxyl-molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film. The use of carboxylic acid as a surface modifier of MoS2 promoted dispersion and formed specific three-dimensional coordination sites. The carboxylic acid immobilized unmodified antibodies in a way that enhanced the bioaffinity of MoS2 and preserved biorecognition properties of the SPR sensor surface. Complete antigen pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) conjugated with the carboxyl-MoS2-modified gold chip to amplify the signal and improve detection sensitivity. This heterostructure interface had a high work function, and thus improved the efficiency of the electric field energy of the surface plasmon. These results provide evidence that the interface electric field improved performance of the SPR biosensor. Results The carboxyl-MoS2-based SPR biosensor was used successfully to evaluate PAPP-A2 level for fetal Down’s syndrome screening in maternal serum samples. The detection limit was 0.05 pg/mL, and the linear working range was 0.1 to 1100 pg/mL. The women with an SPR angle >46.57 m° were more closely associated with fetal Down’s syndrome. Once optimized for serum Down’s syndrome screening, an average recovery of 95.2% and relative standard deviation of 8.5% were obtained. Our findings suggest that carboxyl-MoS2-based SPR technology may have advantages over conventional ELISA in certain situations. Conclusion Carboxyl-MoS2-based SPR biosensors can be used as a new diagnostic technology to respond to the increasing need for fetal Down’s syndrome screening in maternal serum samples. Our results demonstrated that the carboxyl-MoS2-based SPR biosensor was capable of determining PAPP-A2 levels with acceptable accuracy and recovery. We hope that this technology will be investigated in diverse clinical trials and in real case applications for screening and early diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Fu Chiu
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jung Tai
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Devi Taufiq Nurrohman
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Electronics Engineering, State Polytechnic of Cilacap, Cilacap, Indonesia
| | - Ting-Li Lin
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Shi J, Yan X, Luo J, Zhu H, Jia K, Li J, Zhang CY. Surface Modification of Monolayer MoS 2 by Baking for Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:741. [PMID: 33134250 PMCID: PMC7573127 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a transition metal dichalcogenide material, possesses great potential in biomedical applications such as chemical/biological sensing, drug/gene delivery, bioimaging, phototherapy, and so on. In particular, monolayer MoS2 has more extensive applications because of its superior physical and chemical properties; for example, it has an ultra-high surface area, is easily modified, and has high biodegradability. It is important to prepare advanced monolayer MoS2 with enhanced energy exchange efficiency (EEE) for the development of MoS2-based nanodevices and therapeutic strategies. In this work, a monolayer MoS2 film was first synthesized through a chemical vapor deposition method, and the surface of MoS2 was further modified via a baking process to develop p-type doping of monolayer MoS2 with high EEE, followed by confirmation by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The morphology, surface roughness, and layer thickness of monolayer MoS2 before and after baking were thoroughly investigated using atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the surface roughness and layer thickness of monolayer MoS2 modified by baking were obviously increased in comparison with MoS2 without baking, indicating that the surface topography of the monolayer MoS2 film was obviously influenced. Moreover, a photoluminescence spectrum study revealed that p-type doping of monolayer MoS2 displayed much greater photoluminescence ability, which was taken as evidence of higher photothermal conversion efficiency. This study not only developed a novel MoS2 with high EEE for future biomedical applications but also demonstrated that a baking process is a promising way to modify the surface of monolayer MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjun Ma
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Shi
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huilong Zhu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
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