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Liloia D, Zamfira DA, Tanaka M, Manuello J, Crocetta A, Keller R, Cozzolino M, Duca S, Cauda F, Costa T. Disentangling the Role of Gray Matter Volume and Concentration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of 25 Years of Voxel-Based Morphometry Research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024:105791. [PMID: 38960075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite over two decades of neuroimaging research, a unanimous definition of the pattern of structural variation associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has yet to be found. One potential impeding issue could be the sometimes ambiguous use of measurements of variations in gray matter volumes (GMV) or gray matter concentrations (GMC). In fact, while both can be calculated using voxel-based morphometry analysis, these may reflect different underlying pathological mechanisms. We conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis, keeping apart GMV and GMC studies of subjects with ASD. Results showed distinct and non-overlapping patterns for the two measures. GMV decreases were evident in the cerebellum, while GMC decreases were mainly found in the temporal and frontal regions. GMV increases were found in the parietal, temporal, and frontal brain regions, while GMC increases were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex and middle frontal gyrus. Age-stratified analyses suggested that such variations are dynamic across the ASD lifespan. The present findings emphasize the importance of considering GMV and GMC as distinct yet synergistic indices in autism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Liloia
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Denisa Adina Zamfira
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Annachiara Crocetta
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Keller
- Adult Autism Center, DSM Local Health Unit, ASL TO, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Humanities, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
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Long Y, Pan N, Yu Y, Zhang S, Qin K, Chen Y, Sweeney JA, DelBello MP, Gong Q. Shared and Distinct Neurobiological Bases of Bipolar Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Structural Abnormalities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:586-604. [PMID: 38072245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur and share dysfunctions in affective and cognitive domains. As the neural substrates underlying their overlapping and dissociable symptomatology have not been well delineated, a meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies in PBD and ADHD was conducted. METHOD A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The seed-based d mapping toolbox was used to identify altered clusters of PBD or ADHD and obtain their conjunctive and comparative abnormalities. Suprathreshold patterns were subjected to large-scale network analysis to identify affected brain networks. RESULTS The search revealed 10 PBD studies (268 patients) and 32 ADHD studies (1,333 patients). Decreased gray matter volumes in the right insula and anterior cingulate cortex relative to typically developing individuals were conjunctive in PBD and ADHD. Reduced volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus, left orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus were more substantial in PBD, while decreased volumes in the left precentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus were more pronounced in ADHD. Neurodevelopmental effects modulated patterns of the left hippocampus in PBD and those of the left inferior frontal gyrus in ADHD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PBD and ADHD are characterized by both common and distinct patterns of gray matter volume alterations. Their overlapping abnormalities may represent a transdiagnostic problem of attention and emotion regulation shared by PBD and ADHD, whereas the disorder-differentiating substrates may contribute to the relative differences in cognitive and affective features that define the 2 disorders. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur, with overlapping changes in emotional and cognitive functioning. This meta-analysis summarizes findings from 10 articles on BD and 32 articles on ADHD to identify similarities and differences in brain structure between youth with BD and youth with ADHD. The authors found that both disorders share decreased gray matter volumes in the right insula and anterior cingulate cortex, which play important roles in emotion processing and attention, respectively. Youth with BD had decreased gray matter volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus, left orbitofrontal gyrus, and left hippocampus, while youth with ADHD had decreased volumes in the left precentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Structural Brain Abnormalities of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Disorder in Children/Adolescents: An Overlapping Meta-analysis; https://osf.io; trg4m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Long
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yifan Yu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Qin
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Pacteau C, Nadin L, Mette FC. Impact of quarantine on the experience and management of children with learning disabilities or attention deficit disorders with or without hyperactivity: A retrospective observational study. Arch Pediatr 2024; 31:224-230. [PMID: 38538472 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, France faced a 2-month lockdown in 2020, marked by numerous restrictions. This study aimed to examine the experience and management of children aged 6-17 years with learning and/or attention disorders during the first lockdown. METHODS We conducted an observational, retrospective study, with data collection from March 1 to May 31, 2021, by means of an anonymous digital qualitative questionnaire completed by parents. The experience of confinement as well as the children's behavior, schooling, and level of progress during rehabilitation were assessed by parents through a Likert scale. Data were compared according to two groups: negative experience and positive or neutral experience of the child's confinement. RESULTS A total of 251 questionnaires were collected and 217 were analyzed. Overall, 47 children (21.7 %) reported a negative experience of the confinement period. In total, 164 (75.6 %) of the children had their schooling monitored throughout the period; half of the parents reported a course format unsuited to their child's disorders and a lack of motivation, and 46.5 % a refusal by their child to study. Only 16.8 % of parents reported a regression in their child's rehabilitation. These last three results were significantly associated with a poor experience of confinement (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The period of confinement was experienced relatively well by the children, and the rehabilitative management seemed to have been minimally impacted during this period. The therapeutic education of children, their parents, and also teachers is a major axis of improvement for better care and support of children with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Pacteau
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR Santé, Pôle des formations et de recherche en santé, 2 rue des Rochambelles CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.
| | - Lawrence Nadin
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR Santé, Pôle des formations et de recherche en santé, 2 rue des Rochambelles CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Floriane Colin Mette
- Centre de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation pour enfants La Clairière, 246 rue Jacques Prévert, 61100 Flers, France
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Chen Y, Ma Y, Fan X, Lyu J, Yang R. Facial expression recognition ability and its neuropsychological mechanisms in children with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 53:254-260. [PMID: 38650447 PMCID: PMC11057990 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and working memory deficits. Social dysfunction is one of the major challenges faced by children with ADHD. It has been found that children with ADHD can't perform as well as typically developing children on facial expression recognition (FER) tasks. Generally, children with ADHD have some difficulties in FER, while some studies suggest that they have no significant differences in accuracy of specific emotion recognition compared with typically developing children. The neuropsychological mechanisms underlying these difficulties are as follows. First, neuroanatomically. Compared to typically developing children, children with ADHD show smaller gray matter volume and surface area in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex regions, as well as reduced density and volume of axons/cells in certain frontal white matter fiber tracts. Second, neurophysiologically. Children with ADHD exhibit increased slow-wave activity in their electroencephalogram, and event-related potential studies reveal abnormalities in emotional regulation and responses to angry faces when facing facial stimuli. Third, psychologically. Psychosocial stressors may influence FER abilities in children with ADHD, and sleep deprivation in ADHD children may significantly increase their recognition threshold for negative expressions such as sadness and anger. This article reviews research progress over the past three years on FER abilities of children with ADHD, analyzing the FER deficit in children with ADHD from three dimensions: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and psychology, aiming to provide new perspectives for further research and clinical treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ye Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiamin Lyu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongwang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Wu ZM, Wang P, Zhong YY, Liu Y, Liu XC, Wang JJ, Cao XL, Liu L, Sun L, Yang L, Zang YF, Qian Y, Cao QJ, Wang YF, Yang BR. The underlying neuropsychological and neural correlates of the impaired Chinese reading skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02422-w. [PMID: 38662058 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Impaired basic academic skills (e.g., word recognition) are common in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The underlying neuropsychological and neural correlates of impaired Chinese reading skills in children with ADHD have not been substantially explored. Three hundred and two children with ADHD (all medication-naïve) and 105 healthy controls underwent the Chinese language skill assessment, and 175 also underwent fMRI scans (84 ADHD and 91 controls). Between-group and mediation analyses were applied to explore the interrelationships of the diagnosis of ADHD, cognitive dysfunction, and impaired reading skills. Five ADHD-related brain functional networks, including the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN), were built using predefined regions of interest. Voxel-based group-wise comparisons were performed. The ADHD group performed worse than the control group in word-level reading ability tests, with lower scores in Chinese character recognition (CR) and word chains (WS) (all P < 0.05). With full-scale IQ and sustained attention in the mediation model, the direct effect of ADHD status on the CR score became insignificant (P = 0.066). The underlying neural correlates for the orthographic knowledge (OT) and CR differed between the ADHD and the control group. The ADHD group tended to recruit more DMN regions to maintain their reading performance, while the control group seemed to utilize more DAN regions. Children with ADHD generally presented impaired word-level reading skills, which might be caused by impaired sustained attention and lower IQ. According to the brain functional results, we infer that ADHD children might utilize a different strategy to maintain their orthographic knowledge and character recognition performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Wu
- Shenzhen Childrens Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Pediatrics Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | | | | | - Yun Liu
- Shenzhen Childrens Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jiu-Ju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | | | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Qing-Jiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Cummine J, Ngo T, Nisbet K. Characterization of Cortical and Subcortical Structural Brain Asymmetry in Adults with and without Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1622. [PMID: 38137070 PMCID: PMC10741947 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple cortical (planum temporale, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus) and subcortical (caudate, putamen, and thalamus) regions have shown different functional lateralization patterns for skilled vs. dyslexic readers. The extent to which skilled and dyslexic adult readers show differential structural lateralization remains to be seen. Method: Participants included 72 adults (N = 41 skilled; N = 31 dyslexic) who underwent a high-resolution MRI brain scan. The grey matter volume of the cortical and subcortical structures was extracted. Results: While there were clear behavioral differences between the groups, there were no differences in any of the isolated structures (i.e., either total size or asymmetry index) and limited evidence for any brain-behavior relationships. We did find a significant cortical-cortical relationship (p = 0.006) and a subcortical-subcortical relationship (p = 0.008), but not cross-over relationships. Overall, this work provides unique information on neural structures as they relate to reading in skilled and dyslexic readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Cummine
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada; (T.N.); (K.N.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ngo
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada; (T.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Kelly Nisbet
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G4, Canada; (T.N.); (K.N.)
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Chaulagain A, Lyhmann I, Halmøy A, Widding-Havneraas T, Nyttingnes O, Bjelland I, Mykletun A. A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e90. [PMID: 37974470 PMCID: PMC10755583 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD was 7.2% for children and adolescents and 2.5% for adults, though with major uncertainty due to methodological variation in the existing literature. There is evidence for both biological and social risk factors for ADHD, but this evidence is mostly correlational rather than causal due to confounding and reverse causality. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on symptom reduction in the short-term, particularly for stimulants. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in mitigating adverse life trajectories such as educational attainment, employment, substance abuse, injuries, suicides, crime, and comorbid mental and somatic conditions. Pharmacotherapy is linked with side effects like disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, and increased blood pressure, but less is known about potential adverse effects after long-term use. Evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments is mixed. CONCLUSIONS Despite hundreds of systematic reviews on ADHD, key questions are still unanswered. Evidence gaps remain as to a more accurate prevalence of ADHD, whether documented risk factors are causal, the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on any outcomes, and pharmacotherapy in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Chaulagain
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lyhmann
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarjei Widding-Havneraas
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Nyttingnes
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvar Bjelland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnstein Mykletun
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
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Hernández-Vásquez R, Córdova García U, Barreto AMB, Rojas MLR, Ponce-Meza J, Saavedra-López M. An Overview on Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Findings in Dyslexia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 18:503-509. [PMID: 37881421 PMCID: PMC10593994 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i4.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Dyslexia is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by inaccurate and slow word recognition. This article reviews neural correlates of dyslexia from both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Method : In this brief review, we provide electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence from electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in dyslexia to understand functional and structural brain changes in this condition. Results: In both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies, the most frequently reported functional impairments in dyslexia include aberrant activation of the left hemisphere occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), temporo-parietal cortex (TPC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and cerebellar areas. EEG studies have mostly highlighted the important role of lower frequency bands in dyslexia, especially theta waves. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have suggested that dyslexia is related to functional and structural impairments in the left hemisphere regions associated with reading and language, including reduced grey matter volume in the left TPC, decreased white matter connectivity between reading networks, and hypo-activation of the left OTC and TPC. In addition, neural evidence from pre-reading children and infants at risk for dyslexia show that there are abnormalities in the dyslexic brain before learning to read begins. Conclusion: Advances in comprehending the neural correlates of dyslexia could bring closer translation from basic to clinical neuroscience and effective rehabilitation for individuals who struggle to read. However, neuroscience still has great potential for clinical translation that requires further research.
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Hongyao HE, Chun JI, Xiaoyan G, Fangfang L, Jing Z, Lin Z, Pengxiang Z, Zengchun L. Associative gene networks reveal novel candidates important for ADHD and dyslexia comorbidity. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:208. [PMID: 37667328 PMCID: PMC10478365 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with developmental dyslexia (DD), which are both prevalent and complicated pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders that have a significant influence on children's learning and development. Clinically, the comorbidity incidence of DD and ADHD is between 25 and 48%. Children with DD and ADHD may have more severe cognitive deficiencies, a poorer level of schooling, and a higher risk of social and emotional management disorders. Furthermore, patients with this comorbidity are frequently treated for a single condition in clinical settings, and the therapeutic outcome is poor. The development of effective treatment approaches against these diseases is complicated by their comorbidity features. This is often a major problem in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed bioinformatical methodology for the analysis of the comorbidity of these two diseases. As such, the search for candidate genes related to the comorbid conditions of ADHD and DD can help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the comorbid condition, and can also be useful for genotyping and identifying new drug targets. RESULTS Using the ANDSystem tool, the reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with ADHD and dyslexia was carried out. The gene network of ADHD included 599 genes/proteins and 148,978 interactions, while that of dyslexia included 167 genes/proteins and 27,083 interactions. When the ANDSystem and GeneCards data were combined, a total of 213 genes/proteins for ADHD and dyslexia were found. An approach for ranking genes implicated in the comorbid condition of the two diseases was proposed. The approach is based on ten criteria for ranking genes by their importance, including relevance scores of association between disease and genes, standard methods of gene prioritization, as well as original criteria that take into account the characteristics of an associative gene network and the presence of known polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. Among the top 20 genes with the highest priority DRD2, DRD4, CNTNAP2 and GRIN2B are mentioned in the literature as directly linked with the comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia. According to the proposed approach, the genes OPRM1, CHRNA4 and SNCA had the highest priority in the development of comorbidity of these two diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the most relevant genes are involved in biological processes related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, and neuron migration. CONCLUSIONS The application of methods of reconstruction and analysis of gene networks is a powerful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of comorbid conditions. The method put forth to rank genes by their importance for the comorbid condition of ADHD and dyslexia was employed to predict genes that play key roles in the development of the comorbid condition. The results can be utilized to plan experiments for the identification of novel candidate genes and search for novel pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Hongyao
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - J I Chun
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Gao Xiaoyan
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Liu Fangfang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhang Jing
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zuo Pengxiang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Li Zengchun
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
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Slaby RJ, Arrington CN, Malins J, Sevcik RA, Pugh KR, Morris R. Properties of white matter tract diffusivity in children with developmental dyslexia and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:25. [PMID: 37550628 PMCID: PMC10408076 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals with DD or ADHD have both been shown to have deficits in white matter tracts associated with reading and attentional control networks. However, white matter diffusivity in individuals comorbid with both DD and ADHD (DD + ADHD) has not been specifically explored. METHODS Participants were 3rd and 4th graders (age range = 7 to 11 years; SD = 0.69) from three diagnostic groups ((DD (n = 40), DD + ADHD (n = 22), and typical developing (TD) (n = 20)). Behavioral measures of reading and attention alongside measures of white matter diffusivity were collected for all participants. RESULTS DD + ADHD and TD groups differed in mean fractional anisotropy (FA) for the left and right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF)-Parietal Terminations and SLF-Temporal Terminations. Mean FA for the DD group across these SLF tracts fell between the lower DD + ADHD and higher TD averages. No differences in mean diffusivity nor significant brain-behavior relations were found. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that WM diffusivity in the SLF increases along a continuum across DD + ADHD, DD, and TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Slaby
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- GSU/Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, 831 Marietta St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Dell' Ateneo Nuovo,1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - C Nikki Arrington
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
- GSU/Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, 831 Marietta St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA.
- Georgia State University, Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, 55 Park Place, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Malins
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- GSU/Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, 831 Marietta St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Rose A Sevcik
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Kenneth R Pugh
- Yale University, Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, Suite 900, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Robin Morris
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- GSU/Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, 831 Marietta St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
- Georgia State University, Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, 55 Park Place, 18th Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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11
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Nissan N, Hertz U, Shahar N, Gabay Y. Distinct reinforcement learning profiles distinguish between language and attentional neurodevelopmental disorders. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:6. [PMID: 36941632 PMCID: PMC10029183 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models posit abnormalities in cortico-striatal pathways in two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (Developmental dyslexia, DD, and Attention deficit hyperactive disorder, ADHD), but it is still unclear what distinct cortico-striatal dysfunction might distinguish language disorders from others that exhibit very different symptomatology. Although impairments in tasks that depend on the cortico-striatal network, including reinforcement learning (RL), have been implicated in both disorders, there has been little attempt to dissociate between different types of RL or to compare learning processes in these two types of disorders. The present study builds upon prior research indicating the existence of two learning manifestations of RL and evaluates whether these processes can be differentiated in language and attention deficit disorders. We used a two-step RL task shown to dissociate model-based from model-free learning in human learners. RESULTS Our results show that, relative to neurotypicals, DD individuals showed an impairment in model-free but not in model-based learning, whereas in ADHD the ability to use both model-free and model-based learning strategies was significantly compromised. CONCLUSIONS Thus, learning impairments in DD may be linked to a selective deficit in the ability to form action-outcome associations based on previous history, whereas in ADHD some learning deficits may be related to an incapacity to pursue rewards based on the tasks' structure. Our results indicate how different patterns of learning deficits may underlie different disorders, and how computation-minded experimental approaches can differentiate between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyli Nissan
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Hertz
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitzan Shahar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yafit Gabay
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Haifa, Israel.
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12
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Nemmi F, Cignetti F, Vaugoyeau M, Assaiante C, Chaix Y, Péran P. Developmental dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder and comorbidity discrimination using multimodal structural and functional neuroimaging. Cortex 2023; 160:43-54. [PMID: 36680923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders with a high co-occurrence rate. This led several authors to postulate that the two disorders share, at least partially, similar neural underpinning. However, even though several studies examined brain differences between typically developing (TD) children and children with either DD or DCD, no previous study directly compared DD, DCD and children with both disorders (COM) using neuroimaging. We acquired structural and resting-state functional MRI images of 136 children (TD = 42, DD = 45, DCD = 20, COM = 29). Difference between TD children and the other groups was assessed using univariate analysis of structural indexes including grey and white matter volumes and functional indexes quantifying activity (fraction of the amplitude of the low frequency fluctuations), local and global connectivity. Regional differences in structural and functional brain indexes were then used to train machine learning models to discriminate among DD, DCD and COM and to find the most discriminant regions. While no imaging index alone discriminated between the three groups, grouping grey and white matter volumes (structural model) or activity, local and global connectivity (functional model) made possible to discriminate among the DD, DCD and COM groups. The most important discrimination was obtained using the functional model, with regions in the cerebellum and the temporal lobe being the most discriminant for DCD and DD children, respectively. Results further showed that children with both DD and DCD have subtle but identifiable brain differences that can only be captured using several imaging indexes pertaining to both brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nemmi
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC - UMR1214), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Vaugoyeau
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cogntives (LNC - UMR7291, CNRS/Aix Marseille Université), Marseille, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cogntives (LNC - UMR7291, CNRS/Aix Marseille Université), Marseille, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC - UMR1214), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC - UMR1214), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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13
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Lee MM, Drury BC, McGrath LM, Stoodley CJ. Shared grey matter correlates of reading and attention. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 237:105230. [PMID: 36731345 PMCID: PMC10153583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of reading (developmental dyslexia) and attention (ADHD) have a high rate of comorbidity (25-40%), yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of this phenomenon. The current study investigated the shared and unique neural correlates of reading and attention in 330 typically developing children ages 8-18 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify regions of the brain where grey matter (GM) volume was associated with reading or attention scores (p < 0.001, cluster FDR p < 0.05). Better attention scores correlated with increased GM in the precuneus and higher reading scores were associated with greater thalamic GM. An exploratory conjunction analysis (p < 0.05, k > 239) found that GM in the caudate and precuneus correlated with both reading and attention scores. These results are consistent with a recent meta-analysis which identified GM reductions in the caudate in both dyslexia and ADHD and reveal potential shared neural correlates of reading and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Lee
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | - Brianne C Drury
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | | | - Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States.
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14
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Phoneme Representation and Articulatory Impairment: Insights from Adults with Comorbid Motor Coordination Disorder and Dyslexia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020210. [PMID: 36831753 PMCID: PMC9954044 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phonemic processing skills are impaired both in children and adults with dyslexia. Since phoneme representation development is based on articulatory gestures, it is likely that these gestures influence oral reading-related skills as assessed through phonemic awareness tasks. In our study, fifty-two young dyslexic adults, with and without motor impairment, and fifty-nine skilled readers performed reading, phonemic awareness, and articulatory tasks. The two dyslexic groups exhibited slower articulatory rates than skilled readers and the comorbid dyslexic group presenting with an additional difficulty in respiratory control (reduced speech proportion and increased pause duration). Two versions of the phoneme awareness task (PAT) with pseudoword strings were administered: a classical version under time pressure and a delayed version in which access to phonemic representations and articulatory programs was facilitated. The two groups with dyslexia were outperformed by the control group in both versions. Although the two groups with dyslexia performed equally well on the classical PAT, the comorbid group performed significantly less efficiently on the delayed PAT, suggesting an additional contribution of articulatory impairment in the task for this group. Overall, our results suggest that impaired phoneme representations in dyslexia may be explained, at least partially, by articulatory deficits affecting access to them.
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15
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Iacobelli P. Circadian dysregulation and Alzheimer’s disease: A comprehensive review. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the foremost variant of dementia, has been associated with a menagerie of risk factors, many of which are considered to be modifiable. Among these modifiable risk factors is circadian rhythm, the chronobiological system that regulates sleep‐wake cycles, food consumption timing, hydration timing, and immune responses amongst many other necessary physiological processes. Circadian rhythm at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is tightly regulated in the human body by a host of biomolecular substances, principally the hormones melatonin, cortisol, and serotonin. In addition, photic information projected along afferent pathways to the SCN and peripheral oscillators regulates the synthesis of these hormones and mediates the manner in which they act on the SCN and its substructures. Dysregulation of this cycle, whether induced by environmental changes involving irregular exposure to light, or through endogenous pathology, will have a negative impact on immune system optimization and will heighten the deposition of Aβ and the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. Given these correlations, it appears that there is a physiologic association between circadian rhythm dysregulation and AD. This review will explore the physiology of circadian dysregulation in the AD brain, and will propose a basic model for its role in AD‐typical pathology, derived from the literature compiled and referenced throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Iacobelli
- Department of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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16
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Schug AK, Brignoni‐Pérez E, Jamal NI, Eden GF. Gray matter volume differences between early bilinguals and monolinguals: A study of children and adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4817-4834. [PMID: 35848371 PMCID: PMC9582359 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray matter has been shown to be greater in early bilingual adults relative to monolingual adults in regions associated with language (Mechelli et al., 2004), and executive control (EC; Olulade et al., 2016). It is not known, however, if language experience-dependent differences in gray matter volume (GMV) exist in children. Further, any such differences are likely not to be the same as those observed in early bilingual adults, as children have had relatively shorter duration of dual-language exposure and/or less development of brain regions serving EC. We tested these predictions by comparing GMV in Spanish-English early bilingual and English monolingual children, and Spanish-English early bilingual and English monolingual adults (n = 122). Comparing only children revealed relatively more GMV in the bilinguals in bilateral frontal, right inferior frontal, and right superior parietal cortices (regions associated with EC). Bilinguals, however, had less GMV in left inferior parietal cortex (region associated with language). An ANOVA including these children with bilingual and monolingual adults revealed interactions of Language Background by Age Group. There were no regions of more GMV in bilinguals relative to monolinguals that were less pronounced in children than adults, despite the children's shorter dual-language experience. There were relative differences between bilingual and monolingual children that were more pronounced than those in adults in left precentral gyrus and right superior parietal lobule (close to, but not directly in areas associated with EC). Together, early bilingual children manifest relative differences in GMV, and, surprisingly, these do not diverge much from those observed in studies of bilingual adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K. Schug
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Edith Brignoni‐Pérez
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nasheed I. Jamal
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Guinevere F. Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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17
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Xie H, Cao Y, Long X, Xiao H, Wang X, Qiu C, Jia Z. A comparative study of gray matter volumetric alterations in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder type I. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:410-419. [PMID: 36183596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder type I (BD-Ι) share great overlapping symptoms and are highly comorbid. We aimed to compare and obtain the common and distinct gray matter volume (GMV) patterns in adult patients. METHOD We searched four databases to include whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies and compared the GMV patterns between ADHD and healthy controls (HCs), between BD-I and HCs, and between ADHD and BD-I using anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping software. RESULTS We included 677 ADHD and 452 BD-Ι patients. Compared with HCs, ADHD patients showed smaller GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supramarginal gyrus but a larger caudate nucleus. Compared with HCs, BD-Ι patients showed smaller GMV in the orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala. No common GMV alterations were found, whereas ADHD showed the smaller ACC and larger amygdala relative to BD-Ι. Subgroup analyses revealed the larger insula in manic patients, which was positively associated with the Young Mania Rating Scale. The decreased median cingulate cortex (MCC) was positively associated with the ages in ADHD, whereas the MCC was negatively associated with the ages in BD-Ι. LIMITATIONS All included data were cross-sectional; Potential effects of medication and disease course were not analyzed due to the limited data. CONCLUSIONS ADHD showed altered GMV in the frontal-striatal frontal-parietal circuits, and BD-Ι showed altered GMV in the prefrontal-amygdala circuit. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the neuropathology of the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xipeng Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongqi Xiao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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18
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Liloia D, Crocetta A, Cauda F, Duca S, Costa T, Manuello J. Seeking Overlapping Neuroanatomical Alterations between Dyslexia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Replication Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101367. [PMID: 36291301 PMCID: PMC9599506 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is a replication article based on the paper “Are there shared neural correlates between dyslexia and ADHD? A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies” by McGrath and Stoodley (2019). In the original research, the authors used activation likelihood estimation (ALE), a technique to perform coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA), to investigate the existence of brain regions undergoing gray matter alteration in association with both attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia. Here, the same voxel-based morphometry dataset was analyzed, while using the permutation-subject images version of signed differential mapping (PSI-SDM) in place of ALE. Overall, the replication converged with the original paper in showing a limited overlap between the two conditions. In particular, no significant effect was found for dyslexia, therefore precluding any form of comparison between the two disorders. The possible influences of biological sex, age, and medication status were also ruled out. Our findings are in line with literature about gray matter alteration associated with ADHD and dyslexia, often showing conflicting results. Therefore, although neuropsychological and clinical evidence suggest some convergence between ADHD and dyslexia, more future research is sorely needed to reach a consensus on the neuroimaging domain in terms of patterns of gray matter alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Liloia
- GCS fMRI Koelliker Group, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Annachiara Crocetta
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS fMRI Koelliker Group, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-29-80; Fax: +39-011-814-62-31
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS fMRI Koelliker Group, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS fMRI Koelliker Group, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS fMRI Koelliker Group, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- FOCUS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
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Gao Z, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Tao B, Tang X, Lui S. Comparisons of resting-state brain activity between insomnia and schizophrenia: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:80. [PMID: 36207333 PMCID: PMC9547062 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that insomnia is closely associated with schizophrenia (SCZ), but the neural mechanism under the association remains unclear. A direct comparison of the patterns of resting-state brain activities would help understand the above question. Using meta-analytic approach, 11 studies of insomnia vs. healthy controls (HC) and 39 studies of SCZ vs. HC were included to illuminate the common and distinct patterns between insomnia and SCZ. Results showed that SCZ and insomnia shared increased resting-state brain activities in frontolimbic structures including the right medial prefrontal gyrus (mPFC) and left parahippocampal gyrus. SCZ additionally revealed greater increased activities in subcortical areas including bilateral putamen, caudate and right insula and greater decreased activities in precentral gyrus and orbitofrontal gyrus. Our study reveals both shared and distinct activation patterns in SCZ and insomnia, which may provide novel insights for understanding the neural basis of the two disorders and enlighten the possibility of the development of treatment strategies for insomnia in SCZ in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Gao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Caldani S, Acquaviva E, Moscoso A, Peyre H, Delorme R, Bucci MP. Reading performance in children with ADHD: an eye-tracking study. ANNALS OF DYSLEXIA 2022; 72:552-565. [PMID: 35920972 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-022-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reading disabilities have a profound impact on the academic performance and achievement of children. Although oculomotor pattern abnormalities during reading in children with dyslexia are well known, those in individuals with attention deficit and hyperactive disorders (ADHD) - who also frequently exhibit a reading impairment - remain largely undetermined. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the peculiarities of oculomotor pattern abnormalities during a reading task. An eye-tracker was used to record eye movements in four distinct groups of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: children with dyslexia, children with ADHD with and without comorbid dyslexia, and in a group of typically developing children (TD). Ninety-six children participated in the study (24 children per group, IQ- and age-matched groups). The duration of fixation, the total reading time, and the number of forward and backward saccades were similar in children with dyslexia and ADHD + dyslexia, but were significantly different from those observed in children with ADHD and with TD. Our findings suggest a link between dyslexia and oculomotor reading impairments in both children with dyslexia and children with ADHD + dyslexia, indicating that the oculomotor pattern in children with ADHD without comorbid dyslexia is similar to that observed in TD children. We suggest that an objective eye movement recording during a reading task could help clinicians to better evaluate the possible presence of comorbid dyslexia in children with ADHD. Furthermore, children with ADHD with and without comorbid dyslexia could also have working memory deficiencies. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caldani
- UMR 7114, MoDyCo, CNRS Université Paris Nanterre, 92001, Nanterre, France
- Centre for the Functional Exploration of Balance in Children (EFEE), Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Acquaviva
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ana Moscoso
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria Pia Bucci
- UMR 7114, MoDyCo, CNRS Université Paris Nanterre, 92001, Nanterre, France.
- Centre for the Functional Exploration of Balance in Children (EFEE), Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.
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Long Y, Pan N, Ji S, Qin K, Chen Y, Zhang X, He M, Suo X, Yu Y, Wang S, Gong Q. Distinct brain structural abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: A comparative meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:368. [PMID: 36068207 PMCID: PMC9448791 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As two common mental disorders during the period of adolescence that extend to early adulthood, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) have considerable diagnostic co-occurrence and shared neuropsychological impairments. Our study aimed to identify overlapping and distinct brain structural abnormalities associated with ADHD and SUDs among adolescents and young adults. A systematic literature search on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of ADHD and SUDs was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Data were extracted and analyzed to identify brain abnormalities using Seed-based d-Mapping software. Data-driven functional decoding was conducted to identify the psychophysiological functioning associated with brain alterations. 13 and 14 VBM studies for ADHD (619 patients and 483 controls) and SUDs (516 patients and 413 controls), respectively, were included. Patterns of decreased gray matter volume (GMV) were found in the left precentral gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyri, and left inferior frontal gyrus in the ADHD group compared to the control group. In contrast, individuals with SUDs, relative to controls, were characterized by increased GMV in the left putamen and insula. Comparative analysis indicated larger regional GMV in the right inferior parietal lobule and smaller volumes in the left putamen and left precentral gyrus in the ADHD group than in the SUDs group. Dissociable brain structural abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with ADHD and SUDs potentially implicate different pathogeneses and provide a reference for differential diagnosis and early detection for shared symptomology and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Long
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Ji
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kun Qin
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China. .,Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Morsy S, Ghozy S, Morsy A, Dmytriw AA, Kallmas K, Naveed S. Clinical assessment and voxel-based morphometry study of untreated Adult Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorders patients.. [DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.28.22271305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPurposeAdult ADHD is one of the most undiagnosed diseases mainly because of the misperception that ADHD is a childhood disease. In this study, we assess the characteristic features of adult ADHD using clinical assessment and structural Magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI)MethodsWe obtained structural MRI data from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics for 21 untreated adult ADHD patients and 21 age and gender propensity-matched control patients. For clinical assessment, we compared the scores of Barrat impulsivity score, Dickman impulsivity inventory II, and Eysenck’s Impulsivity Inventory. We then compared grey matter volume (GMV) between ADHD and control patients using a two-sample t-test. We also assessed the correlation between different clinical assessments and GMV.ResultsBased on our results, adult ADHD showed significantly higher impulsivity scores, however, no significant difference in functional impulsivity scores or empathy summary scores. For sMRI, there was a significant decrease of GMV of the left cuneus in female ADHD patients. For clinical assessment scales, only the motor impulsiveness subdomain showed a significant positive correlation with the GMV of the left precuneus.ConclusionsIn this study, we assessed the characteristic sMRI features and clinical assessment scores for untreated adult ADHD. Our results show that a study with a bigger sample size can identify diagnostic features for adult ADHD.
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Hedenius M, Persson J. Neural correlates of sequence learning in children with developmental dyslexia. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3559-3576. [PMID: 35434881 PMCID: PMC9248315 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a condition in which reading accuracy and/or fluency falls substantially below what is expected based on the individuals age, general level of cognitive ability, and educational opportunities. The procedural circuit deficit hypothesis (PDH) proposes that DD may be largely explained in terms of alterations of the cortico‐basal ganglia procedural memory system (in particular of the striatum) whereas the (hippocampus‐dependent) declarative memory system is intact, and may serve a compensatory role in the condition. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined the functional and structural brain correlates of sequence‐specific procedural learning (SL) on the serial reaction time task, in 17 children with DD and 18 typically developing (TD) children. The study was performed over 2 days with a 24‐h interval between sessions. In line with the PDH, the DD group showed less activation of the striatum during the processing of sequential statistical regularities. These alterations predicted the amount of SL at day 2, which in turn explained variance in children's reading fluency. Additionally, reduced hippocampal activation predicted larger SL gains between day 1 and day 2 in the TD group, but not in the DD group. At the structural level, caudate nucleus volume predicted the amount of acquired SL at day 2 in the TD group, but not in the DD group. The findings encourage further research into factors that promote learning in children with DD, including through compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hedenius
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Speech-Language Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholml, Stockholm County Council, BUP-FOU Centrum, Gävlegatan, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.,Center for Lifespan Developmental Research (LEADER), School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Li H, Yuan Q, Luo YJ, Tao W. A new perspective for understanding the contributions of the cerebellum to reading: The cerebro-cerebellar mapping hypothesis. Neuropsychologia 2022; 170:108231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yu M, Gao X, Niu X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Meta-analysis of structural and functional alterations of brain in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1070142. [PMID: 36683981 PMCID: PMC9853532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large and growing body of neuroimaging research has concentrated on patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but with inconsistent conclusions. This article was intended to investigate the common and certain neural alterations in the structure and function of the brain in patients with ADHD and further explore the differences in brain alterations between adults and children with ADHD. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies associated with ADHD. Two separate meta-analyses with the seed-based d mapping software package for functional neural activation and gray matter volume (GMV) were carried out, followed by a joint analysis and a subgroup analysis. RESULTS This analysis included 29 VBM studies and 36 fMRI studies. Structurally, VBM analysis showed that the largest GMV diminutions in patients with ADHD were in several frontal-parietal brain regions, the limbic system, and the corpus callosum. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered significant hypoactivation in several frontal-temporal brain regions, the right postcentral gyrus, the left insula, and the corpus callosum. CONCLUSION This study showed that abnormal alterations in the structure and function of the left superior frontal gyrus and the corpus callosum may be the key brain regions involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD in patients and may be employed as an imaging metric for patients with ADHD pending future research. In addition, this meta-analysis discovered neuroanatomical or functional abnormalities in other brain regions in patients with ADHD as well as findings that can be utilized to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Yan X, Jiang K, Li H, Wang Z, Perkins K, Cao F. Convergent and divergent brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia. eLife 2021; 10:e69523. [PMID: 34569931 PMCID: PMC8497057 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain abnormalities in the reading network have been repeatedly reported in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD); however, it is still not totally understood where the structural and functional abnormalities are consistent/inconsistent across languages. In the current multimodal meta-analysis, we found convergent structural and functional alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus across languages, suggesting a neural signature of DD. We found greater reduction in grey matter volume and brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in morpho-syllabic languages (e.g. Chinese) than in alphabetic languages, and greater reduction in brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in alphabetic languages than in morpho-syllabic languages. These language differences are explained as consequences of being DD while learning a specific language. In addition, we also found brain regions that showed increased grey matter volume and brain activation, presumably suggesting compensations and brain regions that showed inconsistent alterations in brain structure and function. Our study provides important insights about the etiology of DD from a cross-linguistic perspective with considerations of consistency/inconsistency between structural and functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Preschool Education, Anyang Preschool Education CollegeAnyangChina
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Foreign Language, Jining UniversityJiningChina
| | - Kyle Perkins
- Florida International University (Retired Professor)MiamiUnited States
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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27
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Sun Y, Lan Z, Xue SW, Zhao L, Xiao Y, Kuai C, Lin Q, Bao K. Brain state-dependent dynamic functional connectivity patterns in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:569-575. [PMID: 33991995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have presented aberrant static brain networks, however identifying ADHD patients based on dynamic information in brain networks is not fully clear. Data were obtained from 32 boys with ADHD and 52 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls; a sliding-window method was used to assess dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), and two reoccurring dFC states (the hot and cool states) were then identified using a k-means clustering method. The results showed that ADHD patients had significant changes in occurrence, transitions times and dFC strength of the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and sensorimotor network (SMN) in the cool state. The severity of ADHD symptoms showed significant correlations with the regional amplitude of dFC fluctuations in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC) and precuneus. These findings could provide insights on the state-dependent dynamic changes in large-scale brain connectivity and network configurations in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Sun
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhihui Lan
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shao-Wei Xue
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Changxiao Kuai
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Lin
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China; College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Kangchen Bao
- College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050631. [PMID: 34068951 PMCID: PMC8156942 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive. We herein present: (a) an update of studies that have shaped our current knowledge on the disorder’s genetic architecture; (b) a discussion on whether this genetic architecture is ‘unique’ to SLD or, alternatively, whether there is an underlying common genetic background with other neurodevelopmental disorders; and, (c) a brief discussion on whether we are at a position of generating meaningful correlations between genetic findings and anatomical data from neuroimaging studies or specific molecular/cellular pathways. We conclude with open research questions that could drive future research directions.
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Chutko LS, Surushkina SY, Yakovenko EA, I Anisimova T, Didur MD, Chekalova SA. [Executive functions disorders in children with dyslexia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:38-45. [PMID: 33728849 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the severity of disorders of executive functions in children with dyslexia and to assess the effectiveness of treatment of this pathology with cortexin. MATERIAL AND METHODS The main study group included 60 children, aged 8-11 years, with a specific reading disorder (F.81.0). Reading skills were assessed using methods of T.A. Fotekova, T.V. Akhutina. Diagnostic examination included neurological examination with dyspraxia test, electroencephalography with visual and quantitative analysis. To objectify the severity of memory impairments, the «Working memory» technique was used. Attention and impulsivity disorders were quantified using SNAP-IY and the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). The control group consisted of 60 children of the same age without symptoms of dyslexia. Cortexin was used to treat 30 patients from the study group, 30 patients received encephabol. A control study to analyze the effectiveness of the therapy was carried out one month after the end of therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Children with dyslexia are characterized by a higher level of inattention and impulsivity, as well as significantly lower indicators of working memory compared to children from the control group. The decrease in attention and working memory as well as an increased level of impulsivity are manifestations of impaired executive functions in children with dyslexia. The results of the control study after treatment showed a significant increase in reading skills in both groups. In addition, there was an improvement in indicators of attention and working memory. However, the effectiveness of treatment with cortexin was slightly higher compared to encephabol (improvement was noted in 73.3% and 60.0%of patients, respectively). According to a comparative analysis of EEG results, after a course of treatment with cortexin, children with dyslexia have significant neurophysiological changes that indicate the activation of the brain regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Chutko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Yu Surushkina
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Yakovenko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T I Anisimova
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M D Didur
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S A Chekalova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuroimaging research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues growing in extent and complexity, although it has yet to become clinically meaningful. We review recent MRI research on ADHD, to identify robust findings, current trends and challenges. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 40 publications between January 2019 and September 2020 reporting or reviewing MRI research on ADHD. Four meta-analyses have presented conflicting results regarding across-study convergence of functional and resting-state functional (fMRI and R-fMRI) studies on ADHD. On the other hand, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis international consortium has identified statistically robust albeit small differences in structural brain cortical and subcortical indices in children with ADHD versus typically developing controls. Other international consortia are harnessing open-science efforts and multimodal data (imaging, genetics, phenotypic) to shed light on the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and development in the pathophysiology of ADHD. We note growing research in 'prediction' science, which applies machine-learning analysis to identify biomarkers of disease based on big data. SUMMARY Neuroimaging in ADHD is still far from informing clinical practice. Current large-scale, multimodal, and open-science initiatives represent promising paths toward untangling the neurobiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pereira-Sanchez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Francisco X. Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
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Caldani S, Gerard CL, Peyre H, Bucci MP. Pursuit eye movements in dyslexic children: evidence for an immaturity of brain oculomotor structures? J Eye Mov Res 2020; 13. [PMID: 33828780 PMCID: PMC7881873 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.13.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dyslexia is a disorder found in 5-10% of school-aged children. Several studies reported visual deficits and oculomotor abnormalities in dyslexic children. The objective of our study was to examine horizontal pursuit performance in dyslexic children, despite its poor involvement in reading. Methods: Eye movements were recorded by video-oculography in 92 children (46 dyslexic children, mean age: 9.77 ± 0.26 and 46 non dyslexic, IQ- and age-matched children). Both the number of catch-up saccades occurring during pursuit task and the gain of pursuit were measured. Results: Catch-up saccades were significantly more frequent in the dyslexic group than in the non-dyslexic group of children. Pursuit performance (in terms of the number of catch-up saccades and gain) significantly improved with increasing age in the non-dyslexic children group only. Conclusions: The atypical pursuit patterns observed in dyslexic children suggest a deficiency in the visual attentional processing and an immaturity of brain structures responsible for pursuit triggering. This finding needs to be validated by neuroimaging studies on dyslexia population.
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Lukito S, Norman L, Carlisi C, Radua J, Hart H, Simonoff E, Rubia K. Comparative meta-analyses of brain structural and functional abnormalities during cognitive control in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:894-919. [PMID: 32216846 PMCID: PMC7212063 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormalities in frontal, temporal, parietal and striato-thalamic networks. It is unclear to what extent these abnormalities are distinctive or shared. This comparative meta-analysis aimed to identify the most consistent disorder-differentiating and shared structural and functional abnormalities. METHODS Systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of cognitive control comparing people with ASD or ADHD with typically developing controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI abnormalities during cognitive control were compared in the overall sample and in age-, sex- and IQ-matched subgroups with seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. RESULTS Eighty-six independent VBM (1533 ADHD and 1295 controls; 1445 ASD and 1477 controls) and 60 fMRI datasets (1001 ADHD and 1004 controls; 335 ASD and 353 controls) were identified. The VBM meta-analyses revealed ADHD-differentiating decreased ventromedial orbitofrontal (z = 2.22, p < 0.0001) but ASD-differentiating increased bilateral temporal and right dorsolateral prefrontal GMV (zs ⩾ 1.64, ps ⩽ 0.002). The fMRI meta-analyses of cognitive control revealed ASD-differentiating medial prefrontal underactivation but overactivation in bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and precuneus (zs ⩾ 1.04, ps ⩽ 0.003). During motor response inhibition specifically, ADHD relative to ASD showed right inferior fronto-striatal underactivation (zs ⩾ 1.14, ps ⩽ 0.003) but shared right anterior insula underactivation. CONCLUSIONS People with ADHD and ASD have mostly distinct structural abnormalities, with enlarged fronto-temporal GMV in ASD and reduced orbitofrontal GMV in ADHD; and mostly distinct functional abnormalities, which were more pronounced in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- The Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heledd Hart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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McGrath LM, Peterson RL, Pennington BF. The Multiple Deficit Model: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF READING : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF READING 2019; 24:7-13. [PMID: 32440085 PMCID: PMC7241589 DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2019.1706180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The multiple deficit model (MDM) was proposed because the prevailing single-deficit model provided an inadequate account of atypical neuropsychological development. Across methods and levels of analysis, there has been support for the two fundamental tenets of the MDM, that multiple predictors contribute probabilistically to neurodevelopmental disorders and shared risk factors contribute to comorbidity. Diagnostically, the multiplicity of factors means that no single cognitive deficit or combination of deficits can be used to rule in or out most neurodevelopmental disorders. Challenges for the MDM are that the theory is difficult to falsify and that current cross-sectional studies cannot establish causality. Prospects for further development of the MDM include incorporating an explicit focus on promotive and protective factors and pursuing mechanistic connections between multiple factors across levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin L Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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