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Mason PS, Risalde MA, Gortázar C, Garrido JM, Thomas DA, Al Dulayymi JR, Baird MS. Early antibody responses to lipid antigens in red deer infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110269. [PMID: 39366318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
THE PROBLEM Early and rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis remains an issue of great interest. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of synthetic lipid antigens for diagnosis of tuberculosis in red deer (Cervus elaphus). The proposition: Synthetic mycolic acid derivatives, identical to components of mycobacterial cells, bind to antibodies to lipids produced in active human tuberculosis. Experimental infection studies in red deer (Cervus elaphus) allow the evaluation of such antigens for the serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. RESULTS Antibody levels in plasma from deer experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis were evaluated in ELISA using synthetic antigens based on several classes of mycolic acid, using protein G as conjugate. All antigens gave significantly increased responses 60 days post-infection, when all animals had active disease. A significantly increased response was also observed with four antigens 15 days after infection. CONCLUSION ELISA using synthetic lipid antigens not only detects antibodies in the plasma of deer experimentally infected with M. bovis, but a strong response occurs early in the infection. With a full analysis of responses with naturally infected animals, this may offer a useful supplement to current diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Mason
- Diagnostig Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey, Wales LL60 6AG, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, Córdoba 14014, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Cuidad Real, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dafydd A Thomas
- Diagnostig Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey, Wales LL60 6AG, United Kingdom
| | - Juma'a R Al Dulayymi
- Diagnostig Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey, Wales LL60 6AG, United Kingdom; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Baird
- Diagnostig Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey, Wales LL60 6AG, United Kingdom; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
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Moens C, Bogaerts B, Lorente-Leal V, Vanneste K, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Roosens NHC, Mostin L, Fretin D, Marché S. Genomic comparison between Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium microti and in silico analysis of peptide-based biomarkers for serodiagnosis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1446930. [PMID: 39372902 PMCID: PMC11449866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1446930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of Mycobacterium microti infection in various animals, which can interfere with the ante-mortem diagnosis of animal tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to search for protein-coding genes to distinguish M. microti from M. bovis. In addition, the population structure of the available M. microti genomic WGS datasets is described, including three novel Belgian isolates from infections in alpacas. Candidate genes were identified by examining the presence of the regions of difference and by a pan-genome analysis of the available WGS data. A total of 80 genes showed presence-absence variation between the two species, including genes encoding Proline-Glutamate (PE), Proline-Proline-Glutamate (PPE), and Polymorphic GC-Rich Sequence (PE-PGRS) proteins involved in virulence and host interaction. Filtering based on predicted subcellular localization, sequence homology and predicted antigenicity resulted in 28 proteins out of 80 that were predicted to be potential antigens. As synthetic peptides are less costly and variable than recombinant proteins, an in silico approach was performed to identify linear and discontinuous B-cell epitopes in the selected proteins. From the 28 proteins, 157 B-cell epitope-based peptides were identified that discriminated between M. bovis and M. microti species. Although confirmation by in vitro testing is still required, these candidate synthetic peptides containing B-cell epitopes could potentially be used in serological tests to differentiate cases of M. bovis from M. microti infection, thus reducing misdiagnosis in animal tuberculosis surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bert Bogaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victor Lorente-Leal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Laurent Mostin
- Experimental Center Machelen, Sciensano, Machelen, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Gomez-Buendia A, Ortega J, Diez-Guerrier A, Rendahl A, Saez JL, Bezos J, Romero B, Alvarez J. Evaluating the ability of non-tuberculous mycobacteria to induce non-specific reactions in bovine tuberculosis diagnostic tests in guinea pigs and cattle. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110250. [PMID: 39265280 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Limitations in diagnostic test performance are one of the major challenges hampering the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered one of the main causes of non-specific reactions in the intradermal tuberculin test, the most widely used bTB diagnostic test. To determine the role of NTMs in bTB misdiagnosis in Spain, an experimental study including the NTM species most commonly found in bTB-positive animals from bTB-free farms in the country (M. avium subsp. avium (Maa), "Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis" (Mah), M. bourgelatii, M. intermedium, M. kansasii and M. nonchromogenicum) was carried out on guinea pigs and cattle. First, guinea pigs were sensitized with the selected NTMs, and six weeks post-sensitization four antigen mixtures (bovine-PPD, avian-PPD, P22 and ESAT6-CFP10) were inoculated intradermally and their effect was measured 24- and 48-h post-inoculation. Larger erythematous reactions were observed in guinea pigs sensitized with Mah, M. kansasii, and Maa, with significant differences in the reactions measured at the bovine-PPD inoculation site for the two first bacteria compared with other NTMs. The sensitization process was repeated in cattle, and five months post-sensitization the same antigen mixtures were inoculated in the cervical region and responses were measured at 48- and 72-h post-inoculation. A significantly higher increase in the skinfold thickness measured at the bovine-PPD inoculation site was observed in calves sensitized with Mah, Maa, M. intermedium and M. kansasii. These results demonstrate that certain NTM species may play a more significant role in bTB diagnostic interferences and show that results obtained in guinea pig and bovine models do not always coincide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gomez-Buendia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ortega
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Guerrier
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; MAEVA SERVET S.L, Alameda del Valle, Spain
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Risalde MA, Napp S, Domínguez M, Romero B, Moreno I, Martínez R, Cano-Terriza D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in domestic goats in Southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106204. [PMID: 38604014 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), which can affect a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species. Although the role of goats as a reservoir of MTC bacteria has been evidenced, information about the circulation of MTC strains in this species is still very scarce. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, risk factors and MTC spoligotypes circulating in goats from Andalusia (Southern Spain), the Spanish region with the largest goat census and a hotspot area of TB in both cattle and wild ungulates. A total of 2155 serum samples from 80 goat flocks were analyzed by an in-house ELISA using the P22 protein complex as a coating antigen. Antibodies against MTC were detected in 473 goats (21.9%, 95% CI: 20.2-23.7) and the true seroprevalence was 22.3% (95% CI: 20.6-24.1). Seropositivity was found in 72 (90.0%) of the 80 flocks analyzed. The generalized estimating equation model showed that the management system (higher seroprevalence on intensive and semi-intensive farms), and the presence of hospital pens inside the regular stables, were risk factors potentially associated with MTC exposure in goats in Southern Spain. The spatial analysis identified a significant spatial cluster (p < 0.001) in Eastern Andalusia. A total of 16 different MTC spoligotypes, including five of M. caprae and eleven of M. bovis, were identified in goats between 2015 and 2022 in the study area, with SB0157 as the most frequently isolated. The results obtained indicate widespread and non-homogeneous spatial distribution of MTC in goat herds from Southern Spain. The high individual and herd-level seroprevalence values found suggest that goats could play a significant role in the maintenance and transmission of MTC in the study area. Our results highlight the importance of implementing control measures in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - María A Risalde
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- IRTA, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) y Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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5
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Melgarejo C, Cobos A, Domingo M, Cantero G, Moll X, Sevilla IA, Garrido JM, Michelet L, Boschiroli ML, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. Experimental infection of goats with Mycobacterium microti induces subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis and mild responses to tuberculin skin tests. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110009. [PMID: 38280303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that seldom causes disease in livestock and humans. This study evaluated the effects on immunodiagnosis and the pathological findings in goats after experimental exposure by different routes and doses to M. microti. In a first experiment goats were challenged orally (PO, n = 7) or intranasally (IN, n = 7) with 104 CFU. In a second experiment, the endobronchial route was assessed, with a low dose of 102 CFU (EB-LD, n = 7) and a high dose of 105 CFU (EB-HD, n = 7) as well as the subcutaneous route (SC, n = 5). Temperature, body weight, clinical signs and immunological responses were monitored. Pathological evaluation was carried out and samples were processed for mycobacterial detection. RESULTS: demonstrated the induction of a subclinical pulmonary infection in all the EB-HD challenged animals. Infection was also confirmed in one animal of the SC group, but not in the EB-LD, PO or IN groups. Two animals belonging to the EB-HD and SC groups, respectively, showed positive results to the single intradermal tuberculin test, and another two animals of the EB-HD and EB-LD groups showed doubtful (inconclusive) results, indicating that M. microti can induce mild responses to tuberculin skin testing. No positive results were observed when defined antigens absent in M. microti (ESAT-6 and CPF-10) were used. Our results indicate that animals exposed to M. microti can yield positive results to the skin tests currently performed in livestock tuberculosis eradication campaigns and reinforce the need to use specific antigens in antemortem tests to avoid interference with M. bovis/M. caprae diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Lorraine Michelet
- Paris-Est University, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maria Laura Boschiroli
- Paris-Est University, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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Batista CM, Veschi JL, de Souza VF, Foti L, Andri LC. Design and development of multiepitope chimeric antigens by bioinformatic and bacterial based recombinant expression methods, with potential application for bovine tuberculosis serodiagnosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 269:110729. [PMID: 38377627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a single health concern, which causes economic losses, is a sanitary barrier and is a zoonotic concern. The golden-pattern intradermic tests have low sensitivity of about 50%. To fix this sensitivity problem, immunoassays could be a powerful tool. However, few studies produced antigens for bTB immunoassays, which needs improvements. Aim of this study was to produce multiepitope chimeric antigens (MCA) to use for bTB diagnosis. To achieve MCA design and development, extensive bibliographic search, antigenic epitope prediction, specificity, hydrophobicity, and 3D structure modeling analyses were performed, as well as cloning, expression and purification. Seven epitopes from four different target proteins (MPB-70, MPB-83, ESAT-6 and GroEL) were combined in five chimeras containing five repetitions of each epitope to enhance antibodies affinity. 3D predicted models revealed that all chimeras have a high percentage of disorder, which could enhance antibody recognition, although taking to protein instability. Each chimera was cloned into pET28a (+) expression plasmids and expressed in six Escherichia coli expression strains. Chimeras 3, 4 and 5 could be solubilized in 8 M urea and purified by ion exchange affinity chromatography. Against bTB positive and negative sera, purified chimera 5 had the best results in indirect dot blot and ELISA, as well as in lateral flow dot blot immunoassay. In conclusion, chimera 5, an MPB-83 containing MCA, could be used for further studies, aimed to develop a serologic or rapid test for bTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Martin Batista
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josir Laine Veschi
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Semiárido, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Foti
- Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Velasco C, Ortega J, Ricón J, Romero B, de Juan L, Domínguez L, Domínguez M, Moreno I, Álvarez J, Bezos J. Effect of a recent intradermal test on the specificity of P22 ELISA for the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1358413. [PMID: 38389583 PMCID: PMC10881819 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1358413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. TB eradication programs in goats are based on the single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT, respectively). Antibody-based diagnostic techniques have emerged as potential diagnostic tools for TB. P22 ELISA has been previously evaluated using samples collected after the intradermal tuberculin tests to maximize the sensitivity, a phenomenon known as booster effect. However, there is no information available on whether the use of this diagnostic strategy could lead to a decrease of its specificity (Sp). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the interference effect of a recent CITT on the Sp of the P22 ELISA in serum and milk samples collected at different times after the CITT from a TB-free herd (n = 113). The number of reactors to P22 ELISA was significantly higher (p < 0.01) on serum samples collected 15 days post-CITT compared to day 0, showing a decrease in Sp from 99.1% (95% CI; 95.2-99.8%) to 88.5% (95% CI; 81.3-93.2%). The number of reactors and the quantitative values of P22 ELISA were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in serum samples compared to milk. No significant (p > 0.05) changes in the Sp of the P22 ELISA were observed throughout the different time samplings using milk No significant (p > 0.05) changes were observed on days 30 and 60 post-CITT. In conclusion, the booster effect strategy may significantly decrease the Sp of P22 ELISA in TB-free herds when serum samples are used but not when milk is tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ortega
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Ricón
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Gomez-Buendia A, Alvarez J, Bezos J, Mourelo J, Amado J, Saez JL, de Juan L, Romero B. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: occurrence in skin test cattle reactors from official tuberculosis-free herds. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1361788. [PMID: 38356662 PMCID: PMC10864654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered a relevant cause of non-specific reactions to the most widely applied bovine tuberculosis (bTB) test, the intradermal tuberculin test. In order to establish which NTM species might act as a potential source of such diagnostic interference, a collection of 373 isolates obtained from skin test positive cows from 359 officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, culled in the framework of the bTB eradication campaign in Spain, were identified at the species level through PCR and Sanger sequencing of the 16S rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Of the 308 isolates for which a reliable identification was achieved, 32 different mycobacterial species were identified, with certain species being most represented: among M. avium complex members (n = 142, 46.1%), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (98; 69.0%) was the most abundant followed by M. avium subsp. avium (33, 23.2%), and M. intracellulare (7, 4.9%). Among non-MAC members (n = 166, 53.9%), M. nonchromogenicum (85; 27.6%) and M. bourgelatii (11; 5.6%) were the predominant species. In addition, mixed results were obtained in 53 isolates presenting up to 30 different genotypes, which could be indicative of new mycobacterial species. Our results represent a first step toward characterizing the diversity of NTM species that could interfere with official diagnostic tests for bTB eradication in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gomez-Buendia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mourelo
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Medio Rural, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Amado
- Servicio de Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal y Vegetal, Dirección General de Ganadería y Sanidad Agraria, Consejería de Medio Rural y Política Agraria, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Moens C, Filée P, Boes A, Alie C, Dufrasne F, André E, Marché S, Fretin D. Identification of New Mycobacterium bovis antigens and development of a multiplexed serological bead-immunoassay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292590. [PMID: 37812634 PMCID: PMC10561873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis require the use of multiple Mycobacterium bovis specific antigens to ensure the detection of infected animals. In the present study, identification and selection process of antigens, based on data from published proteomic studies and involving the use of bioinformatics tools and an immuno-screening step, was firstly performed for identifying novel antigens that elicit an antibody response in M. bovis infection. Based on this approach, a panel of 10 M. bovis antigens [with known relevance (MPB70, MPB83, MPB70/83, and ESAT6/CFP10) and novel (Mb1961c, Mb1301c, Mb3871, Mb1403, Mb0592, and PE25/PPE41)] were constructed and thenused to develop a new multiplexed serological assay based on Luminex technology. The performance of the Luminex-bTB immunoassay was evaluated using sera from cattle with known tuberculosis status. Among the proteins whose ability to detect bovine tuberculosis was evaluated for the first time, PE25/PPE41 and Mb1403, but not Mb3871, showed good detection capacity. Following multiple antigen combination, the final Luminex-bTB immunoassay included seven antigens (MPB70, MPB83, MPB70/83, ESAT6/CFP10, PE25/PPE41, Mb1403, and Mb0592) and showed better global performance than the immunoassay using the four usual antigens (MPB70, MPB70/83, MPB83 and ESAT6/CFP10). The specificity and sensitivity values were, respectively, of 97.6% and 42.8% when the cut-off of two-positive antigens was used to classify samples as positive. With the use of the more-restrictive criterion of three-positive antigens, the specificity increased to 99.2% but the sensitivity decreased to 23.9%. The analysis of antigen profiles generated with the Luminex-bTB immunoassay showed that mainly serodominant proteins were recognized in samples from infected cattle. The detection of Mb1961c and Mb1301c appeared to be associated with presumed false-positive results. Moreover, sera from cattle originating from bTB-outbreaks but having inconclusive or negative skin test results were identified as positive by the Luminex-bTB immunoassay and showed an antigen pattern associated with M. bovis infection. The Luminex-bTB immunoassay including seven antigens may be useful as adjunct test for the detection of M. bovis-infected herds, and different cut-offs could be applied according to the bovine tuberculosis epidemiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrice Filée
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biology, CER Groupe, Aye, Belgium
| | - Adrien Boes
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biology, CER Groupe, Aye, Belgium
| | | | - François Dufrasne
- Department of Human Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel André
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Melgarejo C, Cobos A, Planas C, Fondevila J, Martín M, Cervera Z, Cantero G, Moll X, Espada Y, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. Comparison of the pathological outcome and disease progression of two Mycobacterium caprae experimental challenge models in goats: endobronchial inoculation vs. intranasal nebulization. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236834. [PMID: 37637110 PMCID: PMC10450934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Goats are natural hosts of tuberculosis (TB) and are a valid animal model to test new vaccines and treatments to control this disease. In this study, a new experimental model of TB in goats based on the intranasal nebulization of Mycobacterium caprae was assessed in comparison with the endobronchial route of infection. Methods Fourteen animals were divided into two groups of seven and challenged through the endobronchial (EB) and intranasal (IN) routes, respectively. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, and immunological responses from blood samples were followed up throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung lesions using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LNs) by qPCR were carried out. Results The IN-challenged group showed a slower progression of the infection: delayed clinical signs (body weight gain reduction, peak of temperature, and apparition of other TB signs) and delayed immunological responses (IFN-γ peak response and seroconversion). At the end of the experiment, the IN group also showed significantly lower severity and dissemination of lung lesions, lower mycobacterial DNA load and volume of lesions in pulmonary LN, and higher involvement of the nasopharyngeal cavity and volume of the lesions in the retropharyngeal LN. Conclusion The results indicated that the IN challenge with M. caprae induced pathological features of natural TB in the lungs, respiratory LN, and extrapulmonary organs but extremely exaggerating the nasopharyngeal TB pathological features. On the other hand, the EB route oversized and accelerated the pulmonary TB lesion progression. Our results highlight the need to refine the inoculation routes in the interest of faithfully reproducing the natural TB infection when evaluating new vaccines or treatments against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Fondevila
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Zoraida Cervera
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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11
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Bezos J, Sáez-Llorente JL, Álvarez J, Romero B, Díez-Guerrier A, Domínguez L, de Juan L. Bovine tuberculosis in Spain, is it really the final countdown? Ir Vet J 2023; 76:13. [PMID: 37491275 PMCID: PMC10369685 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a severe zoonotic disease that has major impacts on both health and the economy, and which has been subjected to specific eradication programmes in many countries for decades. This manuscript highlights the relevance of this disease in the context of the European Union (EU) and summarizes the epidemiological situation and the main tools (e.g. antemortem diagnostic tests, slaughterhouse surveillance, laboratories, comprehensive databases, etc.) used to control and eradicate bTB in the various EU countries with a focus on the situation in Spain. A comprehensive description of the specific bTB epidemiological situation in Spain is provided, together with an assessment of the evolution of different epidemiological indicators throughout the last decades. Moreover, the main features of the Spanish bTB eradication programme and its control tools are described, along with the studies carried out in Spain that have allowed the updating of and improvement to the programme over the years with the aim of eradication, which has been established for 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bezos
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julio Álvarez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Moens C, Saegerman C, Fretin D, Marché S. Field evaluation of two commercial serological assays for detecting bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:125-132. [PMID: 37126914 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle is challenging due to complex immune host response to infection that limit the performance of available diagnostic tests. In this study, performance of two commercial serological assays developed to detect bovine tuberculosis were evaluated: Enferplex Bovine TB antibody kit including 11 antigens (EnferGroup, Ireland) and IDEXX M. bovis Ab kit (IDEXX, USA). The specificity value obtained with the ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test was 97.1%, whereas it was 97.1% and 95.1% for the high specificity and sensitivity settings, respectively, with the Enferplex Bovine TB antibody kit. The sensitivity of the multiplexed Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test for SICCT-positive animals was higher (N = 172; 51.7% and 58.7% with high specificity and sensitivity settings, respectively) compared to the ELISA IDEXX M. bovis Ab test (sensitivity of 36.6%). "Antigen profiles" generated by the multiplexed Enferplex method showed that five out of 11 antigens present in the test were mostly identified as positive sera in cattle originating from bTB-outbreaks. In comparison, unique profiles appeared to be correlated with false positive results. However additional studies are needed to confirm the observed antigen profiles, and their potential use as an additional diagnostic tool. Serial interpretation of the two serological tests produced higher diagnostic specificity (>99%), reducing false positive results, which is essential for a screening test when the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, Brussels B-1050, Belgium; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Veterinary Bacteriology Service, Sciensano, Brussels B-1050, Belgium.
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13
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Fernández-Veiga L, Fuertes M, Geijo MV, Pérez de Val B, Vidal E, Michelet L, Boschiroli ML, Gómez-Buendía A, Bezos J, Jones GJ, Vordermeier M, Juste RA, Garrido JM, Sevilla IA. Differences in skin test reactions to official and defined antigens in guinea pigs exposed to non-tuberculous and tuberculous bacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2936. [PMID: 36806813 PMCID: PMC9941491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPD-B and PPD-A). Infection with bacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) can result in nonspecific reactions to these tests. We evaluated the performance of the skin test with PPDs and new defined antigens in the guinea pig model. A standard dose (SD) of Rhodococcus equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum, M. persicum, M. microti, M. caprae and M. bovis, and a higher dose (HD) of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were tested using PPD-B, PPD-A, P22, ESAT-6-CFP-10-Rv3615c peptide cocktail long (PCL) and fusion protein (FP). The SD of R. equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis did not cause any reactions. The HD of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the SD of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum and M. persicum, caused nonspecific reactions (SIT). A CITT interpretation would have considered M. avium complex and M. scrofulaceum groups negative, but not all individuals from M. nonchromogenicum HD, M. monacense HD and M. persicum SD groups. Only animals exposed to M. bovis and M. caprae reacted to PCL and FP. These results support the advantage of complementing or replacing PPD-B to improve specificity without losing sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Fernández-Veiga
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Miguel Fuertes
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - María V. Geijo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Lorraine Michelet
- grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - María Laura Boschiroli
- grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alberto Gómez-Buendía
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gareth J. Jones
- grid.422685.f0000 0004 1765 422XDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Surrey, KT15 3NB UK
| | - Martin Vordermeier
- grid.422685.f0000 0004 1765 422XDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Surrey, KT15 3NB UK
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
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14
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Melgarejo C, Planas C, Cobos A, Arrieta-Villegas C, Sevilla IA, Bezos J, Moll X, Espada Y, Garrido JM, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22132. [PMID: 36550177 PMCID: PMC9780325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
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15
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Ortega J, de Juan L, Sevilla IA, Garrido JM, Roy Á, Velasco C, Romero B, Domínguez M, Pérez de Val B, Nebot C, Sáez-Llorente JL, Álvarez J, Bezos J. Effect of a recent parenteral dexamethasone and ketoprofen administration on the immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis in goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1042428. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1042428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Caprine TB eradication programmes are based mainly on intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. Different factors may affect the performance of the TB diagnostic tests used in caprine herds and, therefore, their ability to detect infected animals. The present study evaluates the effect of the fraudulent administration of two anti-inflammatory substances, dexamethasone and ketoprofen, on the performance of the TB diagnostic techniques used in goats, as well as the suitability of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for their detection in hair samples. The animals (n = 90) were distributed in three groups: (1) a group treated with dexamethasone (n = 30); a second group treated with ketoprofen (n = 30); and a third non-treated control group (n = 30). Both dexamethasone and ketoprofen groups were subjected to intramuscular inoculation with the substances 48 h after the administration of bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPDs), that is, 24 h before the tests were interpreted. All the animals were subjected to the single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and CIT, respectively) tests, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and P22 ELISA. The number of SIT test reactors was significantly lower in the dexamethasone (p = 0.001) and ketoprofen (p < 0.001) groups 72 h after the bovine PPD inoculation compared with the control group. A significantly higher number of positive reactors to IGRA was detected within the dexamethasone group (p = 0.016) 72 h after PPD administration compared to the control group. Dexamethasone and ketoprofen detection in either hair or serum samples was challenging when using HPLC since these substances were not detected in animals whose skin fold thickness (SFT) was reduced, what could be an issue if they are used for fraudulent purposes. In conclusion, the parenteral administration of dexamethasone or ketoprofen 48 h after the PPDs administration can significantly reduce the increase in SFT (mm) and subsequently the number of positive reactors to SIT test.
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16
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Barral TD, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Moreno I, de Garnica García MG, de Val BP, Gortázar C, Meyer R, Portela RD, Domínguez L, Domínguez M, Balseiro A. P22 protein complex in the serodiagnosis of animal tuberculosis: Antigenic stability and cross-reactivity with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Kasaija PD, Contreras M, Kabi F, Mugerwa S, Garrido JM, Gortazar C, de la Fuente J. Oral vaccine formulation combining tick Subolesin with heat inactivated mycobacteria provides control of cross-species cattle tick infestations. Vaccine 2022; 40:4564-4573. [PMID: 35728991 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tick vaccines are necessary as part of a One Health approach for the control of tick infestations and tick-borne diseases. Subolesin (SUB, also known as 4D8) is a tick protective antigen that has shown efficacy in vaccine formulations for the control of ectoparasite infestations and pathogen infection/transmission. A recent proof-of-concept study reported oral vaccination combining Rhipicephalus microplus SUB with heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (IV) as an immunostimulant for the control of cattle tick infestations. Based on the efficacy of Rhipicephalus decoloratus SUB for the control of multiple cattle tick species in Uganda, herein we design a controlled pen trial using an oral formulation combining R. decoloratus SUB with IV for the control of R. decoloratus and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus cattle tick infestations. Vaccine efficacy (E) of SUB + IV on tick life cycle was compared with IV and SUB alone and with PBS as control. The IgG antibody titers against SUB and M. bovis P22 and the serum levels of selected protein immune biomarkers (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, C3) were determined and analyzed as possible correlates of protection. Oral immunization with IV and SUB alone and in SUB + IV combination were effective for the control of tick infestations (E = 71-96% for R. decoloratus and 87-99% for R. appendiculatus) with highest E (higher than 95%) for SUB + IV. The results demonstrated that oral immunization with the SUB + IV formulation resulted in effective control of cattle tick infestations through the activation of multiple immune mechanisms. These results support the application of oral vaccine formulations with SUB + IV for the control of cattle infestations with Rhipicephalus species towards improving animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Kasaija
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI/NARO), P.O. Box 5704, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fredrick Kabi
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI/NARO), P.O. Box 5704, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Swidiq Mugerwa
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI/NARO), P.O. Box 5704, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160 Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Christian Gortazar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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18
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Ferreras-Colino E, Ugarte-Ruíz M, Pesciaroli M, Thomas J, García-Seco T, Sevilla IA, Pérez-Sancho M, Mateo R, Domínguez L, Gortazar C, Risalde MA. Nonspecific protection of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis against Salmonella Choleraesuis infection in pigs. Vet Res 2022; 53:31. [PMID: 35436975 PMCID: PMC9014587 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrained immunity is the capacity of innate immune cells to produce an improved response against a secondary infection after a previous unrelated infection. Salmonellosis represents a public health issue and affects the pig farming industry. In general, vaccination against salmonellosis is still facing problems regarding the control of distinct serovars. Therefore, we hypothesized that an immunostimulant based on heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB) could have an immune training effect in pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) and decided to explore the amplitude of this non-specific immune response. For this purpose, twenty-four 10 days-old female piglets were randomly separated in three groups: immunized group (n = 10) received orally two doses of HIMB prior to the intratracheal S. Choleraesuis-challenge, positive control group (n = 9) that was only challenged with S. Choleraesuis, and negative control group (n = 5) that was neither immunized nor infected. All individuals were necropsied 21 days post-challenge. HIMB improved weight gain and reduced respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions caused by S. Choleraesuis in pigs. Pigs immunized with HIMB showed higher cytokine production, especially of serum TNFα and lung CCL28, an important mediator of mucosal trained immunity. Moreover, immunized pigs showed lower levels of the biomarker of lipid oxidation malondialdehyde and higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase than untreated challenged pigs. However, the excretion and tissue colonization of S. Choleraesuis remained unaffected. This proof-of-concept study suggests beneficial clinical, pathological, and heterologous immunological effects against bacterial pathogens within the concept of trained immunity, opening avenues for further research.
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19
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Is serology a realistic approach for monitoring red deer tuberculosis in the field? Prev Vet Med 2022; 202:105612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Ortega J, Infantes-Lorenzo J, Roy A, de Juan L, Romero B, Moreno I, Domínguez M, Domínguez L, Bezos J. Factors affecting the performance of P22 ELISA for the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis in milk samples. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Ortega J, Roy A, Díaz-Castillo A, de Juan L, Romero B, Sáez-Llorente JL, Domínguez L, Regal P, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Álvarez J, Bezos J. Effect of the topical administration of corticosteroids and tuberculin pre-sensitisation on the diagnosis of tuberculosis in goats. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:58. [PMID: 35086534 PMCID: PMC8793155 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Caprine TB control and eradication programmes have traditionally been based on intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. However, this strategy has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Different factors may affect the performance of the TB diagnostic tests used in goats and, subsequently, the detection of TB-infected animals. In the present study, the effect of two of the factors that may affect the performance of the techniques used to diagnose TB in goats, the topical administration of corticosteroids and a recent pre-sensitisation with tuberculin, was analysed. Methods The animals (n = 151) were distributed into three groups: (1) a group topically treated with corticosteroids 48 h after intradermal tuberculin tests (n = 53); (2) a group pre-sensitised with bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPDs) 3 days before the intradermal tuberculin test used for TB diagnosis (n = 48); and (3) a control group (n = 50). All the animals were tested using single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and CIT, respectively) tests, an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and a P22 ELISA. Results The number of SIT test reactors was significantly lower in the group treated with corticosteroids when compared to the pre-sensitised (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.036) groups. In contrast, pre-sensitisation with bovine and avian PPDs did not cause a significant reduction in the number of SIT and CIT test reactors compared with the control group. In fact, a higher number of reactors was observed after the prior tuberculin injection in the pre-sensitised group (p > 0.05). No significant effect was observed on IGRA and P22 ELISA due to corticosteroids administration. Nevertheless, a previous PPD injection affected the IGRA performance in some groups. Conclusions The application of topical corticosteroid 24 h before reading the SIT and CIT tests can reduce the increase in skin fold thickness and subsequently significantly decrease the number of positive reactors. Corticosteroids used can be detected in hair samples. A previous pre-sensitisation with bovine and avian PPDs does not lead to a significant reduction in the number of intradermal tests reactors. These results are valuable in order to improve diagnosis of caprine TB and detect fraudulent activities in the context of eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ortega
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Roy
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Díaz-Castillo
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L de Juan
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Romero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Domínguez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Álvarez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bezos
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Ortega J, Roy Á, Álvarez J, Sánchez-Cesteros J, Romero B, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Sáez JL, López M, Domínguez L, de Juan L, Bezos J. Effect of the Inoculation Site of Bovine and Avian Purified Protein Derivatives (PPDs) on the Performance of the Intradermal Tuberculin Test in Goats From Tuberculosis-Free and Infected Herds. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722825. [PMID: 34513976 PMCID: PMC8429842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and CIT) tests are used for the ante-mortem diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis (TB). The tuberculin injection site has been associated with a different performance of the test in cattle. In contrast to that required in cattle in Europe (cervical injection), it can be carried out in the scapular region in goats. Nevertheless, there are no previous data concerning the effect of the injection site on the performance of the test in goats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different inoculation sites (cervical and scapular) on the performance of the SIT/CIT tests. This was done by intradermally inoculating 309 goats from two infected herds and one TB-free herd with both avian and bovine PPDs in the mid-cervical and scapular regions. None of the animals from the TB-free herd had positive reactions, and the number of reactors was not significantly higher, regardless of the inoculation site, in the high and low prevalence herds. However, significantly higher increases in skin fold thickness were observed on the cervical site when compared to the scapular site after the avian and bovine PPD inoculations in the TB-free herd (p < 0.001) and after the bovine PPD injection in the high prevalence herd (p = 0.003). The presence of clinical signs was also more evident on the cervical site when using avian and bovine PPDs in the high prevalence herd (p < 0.01). In contrast, increases in higher skin fold thickness were observed on the scapular site when compared to the cervical site after the bovine and avian PPD inoculations were employed in the low prevalence herd (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the cervical injection of PPDs may improve the sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test in high TB prevalence caprine herds, mainly owing to the increased presence of local clinical signs and a better performance of the CIT test. Moreover, specificity was not affected when using standard interpretations, although further analyses in a great number of herds are required in order to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ortega
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Roy
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - José L Sáez
- Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisol López
- Servicio Territorial de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural de Ávila- Sección de Sanidad y Producción Animal, Ávila, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Probiotic Bacteria with High Alpha-Gal Content Protect Zebrafish against Mycobacteriosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070635. [PMID: 34208966 PMCID: PMC8308674 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis affects wild fish and aquaculture worldwide, and alternatives to antibiotics are needed for an effective and environmentally sound control of infectious diseases. Probiotics have shown beneficial effects on fish growth, nutrient metabolism, immune responses, disease prevention and control, and gut microbiota with higher water quality. However, the identification and characterization of the molecules and mechanisms associated with probiotics is a challenge that requires investigation. To address this challenge, herein we used the zebrafish model for the study of the efficacy and mechanisms of probiotic interventions against tuberculosis. First, bacteria from fish gut microbiota were identified with high content of the surface glycotope Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) that has been shown to induce protective immune responses. The results showed that probiotics of selected bacteria with high α-Gal content, namely Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas entomophila, were biosafe and effective for the control of Mycobacterium marinum. Protective mechanisms regulating immunity and metabolism activated in response to α-Gal and probiotics with high α-Gal content included modification of gut microbiota composition, B-cell maturation, anti-α-Gal antibodies-mediated control of mycobacteria, induced innate immune responses, beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These results support the potential of probiotics with high -Gal content for the control of fish mycobacteriosis and suggested the possibility of exploring the development of combined probiotic treatments alone and in combination with -Gal for the control of infectious diseases.
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Review of Methods Used for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Captive and Free-Ranging Non-Bovid Species (2012-2020). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050584. [PMID: 34064571 PMCID: PMC8151627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB) in diverse hosts, including captive and free-ranging wildlife species. There is significant research interest in developing immunodiagnostic tests for TB that are both rapid and reliable, to underpin disease surveillance and control. The aim of this study was to carry out an updated review of diagnostics for TB in non-bovid species with a focus predominantly on those based on measurement of immunity. A search was carried out to identify relevant papers meeting a pre-defined set of inclusion criteria. Forty-one papers were identified from this search, from which only twenty papers contained data to measure and compare diagnostic performance using diagnostic odds ratio. The diagnostic tests from each study were ranked based on sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio to define high performing tests. High sensitivity and specificity values across a range of species were reported for a new antigenic target, P22 complex, demonstrating it to be a reliable and accurate antigenic target. Since the last review of this kind was undertaken, the immunodiagnosis of TB in meerkats and African wild dogs was reported for the first time. Suid species showed the most consistent immunological responses and highlight a potential dichotomy between humoral and cellular immune responses.
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25
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Blanco Vázquez C, Barral TD, Romero B, Queipo M, Merediz I, Quirós P, Armenteros JÁ, Juste R, Domínguez L, Domínguez M, Casais R, Balseiro A. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection in Eurasian Badger ( Meles meles) and Cattle in Asturias, Spain. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051294. [PMID: 33946463 PMCID: PMC8147139 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the present work was to investigate the prevalence, spatial distribution, and temporal distribution of tuberculosis in 673 free-ranging Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and cattle from Asturias (Atlantic Spain) during a 13-year follow-up. The study objective was to assess the role of badgers as a reservoir of tuberculosis for cattle and other sympatric wild species in the region. During the follow-up, 27/639 badgers (4.23%) were positive for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on bacterial isolation, while 160/673 (23.77%) were positive based on P22 ELISA. Badger infection was spatially and temporally associated with cattle herd infection. Abstract The present work investigated the prevalence, spatial distribution, and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and cattle in Asturias (Atlantic Spain) during a 13-year follow-up. The study objective was to assess the role of badgers as a TB reservoir for cattle and other sympatric wild species in the region. Between 2008 and 2020, 673 badgers (98 trapped and 575 killed in road traffic accidents) in Asturias were necropsied, and their tissue samples were cultured for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolation. Serum samples were tested in an in-house indirect P22 ELISA to detect antibodies against the MTC. In parallel, data on MTC isolation and single intradermal tuberculin test results were extracted for cattle that were tested and culled as part of the Spanish National Program for the Eradication of Bovine TB. A total of 27/639 badgers (4.23%) were positive for MTC based on bacterial isolation, while 160/673 badgers (23.77%) were found to be positive with the P22 ELISA. The rate of seropositivity was higher among adult badgers than subadults. Badger TB status was spatially and temporally associated with cattle TB status. Our results cannot determine the direction of possible interspecies transmission, but they are consistent with the idea that the two hosts may exert infection pressure on each other. This study highlights the importance of the wildlife monitoring of infection and disease during epidemiological interventions in order to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blanco Vázquez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario del Principado de Asturias (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (C.B.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40.110-100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.); (L.D.)
| | - Manuel Queipo
- Servicio de Sanidad y Producción Animal del Principado de Asturias, 33007 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;
| | - Isabel Merediz
- Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal del Principado de Asturias, 33201 Gijón, Asturias, Spain;
| | - Pablo Quirós
- Dirección General del Medio Natural y Planificación Rural del Principado de Asturias, 33007 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (P.Q.); (J.Á.A.)
| | - José Ángel Armenteros
- Dirección General del Medio Natural y Planificación Rural del Principado de Asturias, 33007 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (P.Q.); (J.Á.A.)
| | - Ramón Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.); (L.D.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa Casais
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario del Principado de Asturias (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (C.B.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
- Correspondence:
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26
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Jiménez-Ruiz S, García-Bocanegra I, Acevedo P, Espunyes J, Triguero-Ocaña R, Cano-Terriza D, Torres-Sánchez MJ, Vicente J, Risalde MÁ. A survey of shared pathogens at the domestic-wild ruminants' interface in Doñana National Park (Spain). Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1568-1576. [PMID: 33900033 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate shared pathogens that can be transmitted by close or non-close contact at the domestic-wild ruminants' interface. During summer-autumn 2015, a total of 138 cattle and 203 wild ruminants (red deer, Cervus elaphus, and fallow deer, Dama dama) were sampled in Doñana National Park (DNP, south-western Spain), a Mediterranean ecosystem well known for the interaction network occurring in the ungulate host community. Pestiviruses, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; Bovine orthopneumovirus), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1; Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) were assessed using serological, microbiological and molecular techniques. The overall seroprevalence against viruses in cattle was 2.2% for pestiviruses, 11.6% for BRSV and 27.5% for BoHV-1. No virus-specific antibodies were found in wildlife. MTC incidence in cattle was 15.9%, and MTC seroprevalence in wild ruminants was 14.3%. The same Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes (SB1232, SB1230 and SB1610) were identified in cattle, red deer and fallow deer. The serological results for the selected respiratory viruses suggest epidemiological cycles only in cattle. Surveillance efforts in multi-host epidemiological scenarios are needed to better drive and prioritize control strategies for shared pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Johan Espunyes
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Research and Conservation Department. Zoo de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roxana Triguero-Ocaña
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Vicente
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Risalde
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
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27
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Thomas J, Balseiro A, Gortázar C, Risalde MA. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review. Vet Res 2021; 52:31. [PMID: 33627188 PMCID: PMC7905575 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Due to its impact on economy, sanitary standards of milk and meat industry, public health and conservation, TB control is an actively ongoing research subject. Several wildlife species are involved in the maintenance and transmission of TB, so that new approaches to wildlife TB diagnosis have gained relevance in recent years. Diagnosis is a paramount step for screening, epidemiological investigation, as well as for ensuring the success of control strategies such as vaccination trials. This is the first review that systematically addresses data available for the diagnosis of TB in wildlife following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The article also gives an overview of the factors related to host, environment, sampling, and diagnostic techniques which can affect test performance. After three screenings, 124 articles were considered for systematic review. Literature indicates that post-mortem examination and culture are useful methods for disease surveillance, but immunological diagnostic tests based on cellular and humoral immune response detection are gaining importance in wildlife TB diagnosis. Among them, serological tests are especially useful in wildlife because they are relatively inexpensive and easy to perform, facilitate large-scale surveillance and can be used both ante- and post-mortem. Currently available studies assessed test performance mostly in cervids, European badgers, wild suids and wild bovids. Research to improve diagnostic tests for wildlife TB diagnosis is still needed in order to reach accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques adequate to a broad range of target species and consistent over space and time to allow proper disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Thomas
- Sanidad Y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain. .,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain.
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Sanidad Y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía Y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas Y Toxicología. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014, Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica Y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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28
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Benedictus L, Steinbach S, Holder T, Bakker D, Vrettou C, Morrison WI, Vordermeier M, Connelley T. Hydrophobic Mycobacterial Antigens Elicit Polyfunctional T Cells in Mycobacterium bovis Immunized Cattle: Association With Protection Against Challenge? Front Immunol 2020; 11:588180. [PMID: 33281817 PMCID: PMC7688591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a chronic disease of cattle with a detrimental impact on food quality and production. Research on bTB vaccines has predominantly been focused on proteinaceous antigens. However, mycobacteria have a thick and intricate lipid outer layer and lipids as well as lipopeptides are important for immune-evasion and virulence. In humans, lipid extracts of M. tuberculosis have been shown to elicit immune responses effective against M. tuberculosis in vitro. Chloroform-methanol extraction (CME) was applied to M. bovis BCG to obtain a hydrophobic antigen extract (CMEbcg) containing lipids and lipopeptides. CMEbcg stimulated IFN-γ+IL-2+ and IL-17A+IL-22+ polyfunctional T cells and elicited T cell responses with a Th1 and Th17 cytokine release profile in both M. bovis BCG vaccinated and M. bovis challenged calves. Lipopeptides were shown to be the immunodominant antigens in CMEbcg, stimulating CD4 T cells via MHC class II. CMEbcg expanded T cells killed CMEbcg loaded monocytes and the CMEbcg-specific CD3 T cell proliferative response following M. bovis BCG vaccination was the best predictor for reduced pathology following challenge with M. bovis. Although the high predictive value of CMEbcg-specific immune responses does not confirm a causal relationship with protection against M. bovis challenge, when taking into account the in vitro antimycobacterial phenotype of CMEbcg-specific T cells (e.g. Th1/Th17 cytokine profile), it is indicative that CMEbcg-specific immune responses could play a functional role in immunity against M. bovis. Based on these findings we conclude that lipopeptides of M. bovis are potential novel subunit vaccine candidates and that further studies into the functional characterization of lipopeptide-specific immune responses together with their role in protection against bovine tuberculosis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Steinbach
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Holder
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douwe Bakker
- Independent Researcher and Technical Consultant, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Christina Vrettou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - W Ivan Morrison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Vordermeier
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Institute for Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Connelley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
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29
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Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Romero B, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Roy A, Ortega J, de Juan L, Moreno I, Domínguez M, Domínguez L, Bezos J. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a camel (Camelus dromedarius). BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:435. [PMID: 33172453 PMCID: PMC7653750 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal tuberculosis (TB) is distributed worldwide and has a wide range of wild and domestic reservoirs. Few studies concerning TB in camelids have been published in the last decade, particularly as regards Old World Camelids (OWC), but the increase in reports of TB outbreaks in these species in recent years suggests a high susceptibility to the infection. CASE PRESENTATION We studied a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) herd (n = 24) in which a Mycobacterium caprae infection was detected. The TB infection was confirmed in one animal at necropsy through the detection of TB lesions, mainly in the abdominal organs, and the subsequent isolation of M. caprae (SB0157 spoligotype). The whole herd was additionally tested using cellular and humoral based diagnostic techniques. The intradermal tuberculin test results were compared with those obtained using P22 ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies against the M. tuberculosis complex. The TB infected animal was a positive reactor to both the intradermal tuberculin tests and P22 ELISA, while the others were negative to all the diagnostic tests. CONCLUSION The present study found M. caprae infection in OWC. This is the first report of M. caprae infection in an OWC not living in a zoo. Since the animal was born in the herd and fed with goat's milk, this practice was suspected to be the potential source of TB infection, which was not confirmed in the other animals present in the herd. Moreover, our results highlight that the intradermal tuberculin test and the P22 ELISA could be valuable tools for the diagnosis of TB in OWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Roy
- BIOFABRI S.L., Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J Ortega
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - L de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Moreno
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Domínguez
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Cho YS, Lee SE, Jang Y, Jung S, Kim JM. Identification of B cell antigenome in Mycobacterium bovis by immunoproteomic analysis. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:123-129. [PMID: 33055304 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a common zoonosis prevalent in many countries with grave economic consequences. Most developed and developing countries have implemented the test-and-slaughter policy to protect public health and reduce economic losses in the cattle industry. The official diagnosis of bTB is based on assays dependent on cell-mediated immunity (CMI). CMI-based diagnosis demonstrates diagnostic incapability at late stages of infection, which could be overcome by diagnosis based on humoral immunity (HI). Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and define the B cell antigenome of Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, the B cell antigenome of culture filtrate proteins (CFP) was defined by mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology. Four spots were detected on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) against M. bovis-positive serum in an immunoblotting experiment. Twenty-one proteins were identified in four spots by proteomic tools, such as Mb2900, Mb2898, Mb0448, Mb3834c, Mb1918c, Mb0134c, Mb0358 and Mb1868c, which are known B cell antigens, including 13 new proteins, i.e. Mb3751, Mb2006c, Mb3276c, Mb2244, Mb1164c, Mb2553c, Mb2946c, Mb1849c, Mb1511c, Mb1034c, Mb2616c, Mb0854c and Mb2267. These new proteins identified by 2-DE and immunoblotting were the B cell antigens used in developing serological diagnostic methods based on HI to bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sang Cho
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngboo Jang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Jung
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Man Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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31
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Lekko YM, Ooi PT, Omar S, Mazlan M, Ramanoon SZ, Jasni S, Jesse FFA, Che-Amat A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in wildlife: Review of current applications of antemortem and postmortem diagnosis. Vet World 2020; 13:1822-1836. [PMID: 33132593 PMCID: PMC7566238 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1822-1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory and zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members, which affects various domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. Some wild animals serve as reservoir hosts in the transmission and epidemiology of the disease. Therefore, the monitoring and surveillance of both wild and domestic hosts are critical for prevention and control strategies. For TB diagnosis, the single intradermal tuberculin test or the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test, and the gamma-interferon test, which is regarded as an ancillary test, are used. Postmortem examination can identify granulomatous lesions compatible with a diagnosis of TB. In contrast, smears of the lesions can be stained for acid-fast bacilli, and samples of the affected organs can be subjected to histopathological analyses. Culture is the gold standard test for isolating mycobacterial bacilli because it has high sensitivity and specificity compared with other methods. Serology for antibody detection allows the testing of many samples simply, rapidly, and inexpensively, and the protocol can be standardized in different laboratories. Molecular biological analyses are also applicable to trace the epidemiology of the disease. In conclusion, reviewing the various techniques used in MTBC diagnosis can help establish guidelines for researchers when choosing a particular diagnostic method depending on the situation at hand, be it disease outbreaks in wildlife or for epidemiological studies. This is because a good understanding of various diagnostic techniques will aid in monitoring and managing emerging pandemic threats of infectious diseases from wildlife and also preventing the potential spread of zoonotic TB to livestock and humans. This review aimed to provide up-to-date information on different techniques used for diagnosing TB at the interfaces between wildlife, livestock, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Madaki Lekko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, 1069 PMB, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Jasni
- Department of Paraclinical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che-Amat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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Arrieta-Villegas C, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Bezos J, Grasa M, Vidal E, Mercader I, Singh M, Domingo M, de Juan L, Pérez de Val B. Evaluation of P22 Antigenic Complex for the Immuno-Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in BCG Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Goats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:374. [PMID: 32714950 PMCID: PMC7351524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current eradication strategies of tuberculosis (TB) in goats mainly rely on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin tests (SICCTs). TB vaccination has been proposed as a cost-effective option in high-prevalence herds or countries where economic compensation for the slaughter of positive animals is not affordable. However, TB vaccination compromises the efficiency of tuberculin-based diagnostic tests. In this study, the performance of a new diagnostic platform, based on the P22 antigenic complex, was assessed for skin test (ST), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and serology under different TB scenarios. The sensitivity (Se) of diagnostic tests was assessed in TB-infected goats from the same farm (herd A, N = 77). The specificity (Sp) was assessed in two TB-negative farms (both vaccinated against paratuberculosis): one TB unvaccinated (herd B, N = 77) and another vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (herd C, N = 68). The single (s) P22-IGRA showed the highest Se among IGRA tests (91%), and the comparative (c) P22-ST showed the highest Sp (100% in herd B and 98% in herd C). Combined interpretation of techniques enabled the best diagnostic performances. Combining the SICCT + sP22-IGRA improved Se (97%) compared to SICCT + tuberculin-based IGRA (95%), with a reduction of Sp (95 and 100%, respectively). Besides, combination of P22-ELISA with cP22-ST or SICCT elicited a similar performance in the non-vaccination context (Se: 94 and 95%; Sp: 95 and 95%, respectively), but Sp was significantly higher for the combination with cP22-ST compared to SICCT in the TB vaccination context (95 and 79%, respectively). The combination of serological tests based on P22 and MPB83 showed higher complementarity and improved 13 percentage points the Se of P22-ELISA alone. These findings suggest that either cell-mediated or antibody-based diagnostic techniques, using the P22 antigen complex, can contribute to improve the immunodiagnostics of TB in goats under different TB control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Grasa
- Agrupació de Defensa Sanitària de Cabrum i Oví Lleter de Catalunya, Barbens, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Gortázar C, Domínguez L, Muñoz-Mendoza M, Domínguez M, Balseiro A. Serological technique for detecting tuberculosis prevalence in sheep in Atlantic Spain. Res Vet Sci 2020; 129:96-98. [PMID: 31954320 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show that sheep could be considered to be a maintenance host for the causative agents of animal tuberculosis (TB). The performance of diagnostic tests is not well established, and new tests need to be developed for this species. In addition, information about TB prevalence in sheep is scarce. Our objectives were to evaluate a new P22 ELISA for detection of specific antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTC), and to assess the seropositivity in 3998 sheep from herds sampled in TB hotspot areas of northern Atlantic Spain with a low TB prevalence in cattle. Results based on 80 sheep of known infection status suggest excellent sensitivity and specificity (100% and 98%, respectively) even in a M. avium susbsp. paratuberculosis infected flock. The observed TB seroprevalence was 17.96% (698/3998; CI95% 16.31-18.67). Our results indicate that the P22 ELISA may constitute a good option for TB screening at the herd level in sheep, and that sheep are an important host and control programs should be implemented at least in hotspots or when cohabiting with other TB-infected species, i.e. cattle and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Castilla la Mancha, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET, Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz-Mendoza
- Xunta de Galicia, Edificio Administrativo San Caetano, Rúa de San Caetano, s/n, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Veterinary School, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
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Evaluation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in goat milk. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:217-223. [PMID: 31835123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis with sanitary and economic repercussions. Caprine TB control programs are based on a test and cull strategy using the intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. However, this approach is not always feasible and may have a limited sensitivity under specific circumstances. In this study, performance of a new experimental test based on the P22 protein complex (P22 ELISA) was evaluated in two TB-infected herds using milk and serum samples and compared with cell-based diagnostic tests. Samples from a low (n = 62, herd 1) and a high (n = 52, herd 2) TB prevalence herd were selected. Moreover, bulk tank milk samples from both herds were analysed using the P22 ELISA. At the end of the study, a group of animals (n = 21) was euthanized and subjected to post-mortem analysis and bacteriological culture. Significant differences (p < .001) on the qualitative and quantitative (ODs) results were observed between herds using both serum and milk samples in the P22 ELISA. The correlation observed in the quantitative results obtained in serum and milk samples was very strong in animals from flock 2 (rs = 0.91) and moderate in animals from flock 1 (rs = 0.46). Among the slaughtered animals, the P22 ELISA detected a higher proportion of lesion-culture positive animals than cell-based diagnostic tests (61.9 and 66.7% using milk and serum samples, respectively). The P22 ELISA using milk samples demonstrated a similar sensitivity compared with serum samples, suggesting it might be a valuable test for TB control in dairy goats.
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35
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Koets AP, van den Esker MH, Riepema K, Bakker D. The Role of Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides in the Serological Diagnosis of Mycobacterial Infections. Vet Sci 2019; 6:E91. [PMID: 31766256 PMCID: PMC6958488 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, such as bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, remains challenging. Available direct diagnostic tests aimed at detecting the pathogen are highly specific but lack sensitivity, depending on the stage of infection and the prevalence of infection in a population. The sensitivity of indirect diagnostic assays that measure the host immune response to infection is similarly affected by disease characteristics. The choice of antigen used to detect a host response to infection has a critical impact on test sensitivity and specificity. Many indirect tests rely on crude antigen preparations and cell-free extracts, of which the production is poorly standardized. Moreover, these preparations contain ample uncharacterized cross-reactive compounds. To enhance serological test specificity, existing assays depend on the pre-treatment of samples and a relatively high cut-off value, that in turn influences test sensitivity. Research therefore focuses on the identification of more specific, defined antigens to improve diagnostics. In the current study, we extracted phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) and investigated their potential use in antibody-based tests. Our results demonstrate that specific IgG class antibodies are generated against PIMs in cows, but this is unrelated to tuberculosis or paratuberculosis infection status, making these antigens unsuitable for diagnostic applications. In addition, we demonstrate that PIMs are widely present in crude antigen preparations and in serum pre-absorption buffer. Our results indicate that PIMs are cross-reactive compounds with immunodominant B cell epitopes that could impair serological test specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ad P. Koets
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 398221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.H.v.d.E.); (K.R.)
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 73584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle H. van den Esker
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 398221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.H.v.d.E.); (K.R.)
| | - Karel Riepema
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 398221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (M.H.v.d.E.); (K.R.)
| | - Douwe Bakker
- Independent Researcher, 8212 AM Lelystad, The Netherlands;
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Duignan A, Kenny K, Bakker D, Good M. Tuberculin PPD Potency Assays in Naturally Infected Tuberculous Cattle as a Quality Control Measure in the Irish Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Programme. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:328. [PMID: 31632988 PMCID: PMC6779688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Irish Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) eradication programme operates under national legislation and fulfills OIE and EU trade requirements. Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), a preparation obtained from the heat-treated products of growth and lysis of Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium avium (as appropriate), is critical to the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Standardization of Tuberculin PPD potency, the relative activity in sensitized animals compared to a reference standard, is essential to underpin the reliability of certification for international trade and to ensure that disease eradication programmes are effective and efficient. A Bovine International Standard Tuberculin PPD (BIS) was established by the WHO in 1986 and is used to determine comparative potencies of Tuberculin PPDs. Ideally, Tuberculin PPD potency should be evaluated in the species in which the tuberculin will be used but due to practical difficulties in performing potency assays in cattle, for routine PPD production, they are usually assayed in guinea pigs. Low potency tuberculin PPD is less efficient and thus inferior for bTB diagnosis. Difficulties experienced in the Irish bTB eradication programme have included the supply of sub-standard potency, and thus inferior, bovine (M. bovis) Tuberculin PPD in the late 1970s. The purpose of this paper is to outline the critical role of Tuberculin PPD assays carried out on naturally infected tuberculous cattle, as required by the OIE and under EU legislation in the quality control for the Irish Bovine Eradication Programme. Such assays ensure that the Tuberculin PPD used meets the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity requirements to underpin a successful national eradication programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Duignan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kenny
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Douwe Bakker
- Independent Researcher and Private Consultant, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Margaret Good
- Independent Researcher and Private Consultant (Retired From Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine), Dún Laoghaire, Ireland
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Fresco-Taboada A, Risalde MA, Gortázar C, Tapia I, González I, Venteo Á, Sanz A, Rueda P. A lateral flow assay for the rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild boar. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2175-2179. [PMID: 31144447 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The native Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of animal tuberculosis (TB), a chronic disease in livestock, companion animals and wild mammals. Cases of M. bovis infection in wild boar or feral pig have been reported worldwide, making early detection a priority in the eradication of the disease. Point-of-care diagnostic tests, such as low cost lateral flow assays, provide high specificity and sensitivity and can be performed on site, an essential requirement for a rapid screening of wildlife. A lateral flow assay, LFA, (INgezim TB CROM Ab) for the detection of M. bovis-specific antibodies in wild boar serum and blood has been developed based on MPB83, one of the major immunogenic antigens of the bacterium. A total of 140 samples of wild boar serum, well-characterized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex culture and TB compatible post-mortem lesions, have been analysed with LFA, and results were compared with one in-house and two commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), INgezim TB Porcine and INgezim Tuberculosis DR. In experimental samples, the achieved values of sensitivity of the different techniques ranged from 84.3% to 92.1% and the specificity was 100% in all of them. In field animals, specificity ranged from 96% to 100%, whereas sensitivity ranged from 48% to 64% in juvenile wild boar, increasing to 93.3%-100% in adult wild boar. In particular, the total sensitivity and specificity values obtained with the new LFA were 83% and 97%, respectively, indicating that INgezim TB CROM Ab could be used as a first approach for the surveillance of TB in wild boar, with a special applicability for animal-side testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María A Risalde
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Dpto. de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Istar Tapia
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel González
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Venteo
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Sanz
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Rueda
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
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Contreras M, Kasaija PD, Merino O, de la Cruz-Hernandez NI, Gortazar C, de la Fuente J. Oral Vaccination With a Formulation Combining Rhipicephalus microplus Subolesin With Heat Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Reduces Tick Infestations in Cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:45. [PMID: 30881925 PMCID: PMC6407321 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are an environmentally friendly alternative to acaracides for the control of tick infestations, to reduce the risk for tick-borne diseases affecting human and animal health worldwide, and to improve animal welfare and production. Subolesin (SUB, also known as 4D8) is the functional homolog of Akirin2 involved in the regulation of development and innate immune response, and a proven protective antigen for the control of ectoparasite infestations and pathogen infection. Oral vaccination combining protein antigens with immunostimulants has proven efficacy with increased host welfare and safety, but has not been used for the control of tick infestations. Here we describe the efficacy of oral vaccination with a formulation combining Rhipicephalus microplus SUB and heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (IV) on cattle tick infestations and fertility. The levels of IgG antibody titers against SUB and M. bovis P22, and the expression of selected immune response genes were determined and analyzed as possible correlates of protection. We demonstrated that oral immunization with the SUB+IV formulation resulted in 51% reduction in the number of female ticks and 30% reduction in fertility with an overall efficacy of 65% in the control of R. microplus infestations by considering the cumulative effect on reducing tick survival and fertility in cattle. The akr2, IL-1β, and C3 mRNA levels together with antibody levels against SUB correlated with vaccine efficacy. The effect of the oral immunization with SUB+IV in cattle on tick survival and fertility is essential to reduce tick infestations, and extended previous results on the effect of R. microplus SUB for the control of cattle tick infestations. These results support the development of oral vaccines formulations for the control of tick infestations and the incidence of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paul D Kasaija
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI/NARO), Tororo, Uganda
| | - Octavio Merino
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico
| | - Ned I de la Cruz-Hernandez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico
| | - Christian Gortazar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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39
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Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Moreno I, Roy A, Risalde MA, Balseiro A, de Juan L, Romero B, Bezos J, Puentes E, Åkerstedt J, Tessema GT, Gortázar C, Domínguez L, Domínguez M. Specificity of serological test for detection of tuberculosis in cattle, goats, sheep and pigs under different epidemiological situations. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:70. [PMID: 30823881 PMCID: PMC6397464 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum antibody detection has potential as a complementary diagnostic tool in animal tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly in multi-host systems. The objective of the present study was to assess the specificity (Sp) of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the new multiprotein complex P22 for the detection of specific antibodies against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) in the four most relevant domestic animals acting as MTC hosts: cattle, goat, sheep and pig. We used sera from an officially TB-free (OTF) country, Norway, and from a non-OTF one, Spain. The samples included sera from goats that had been vaccinated against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and sheep from a herd in which Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis had been isolated. RESULTS In cattle, the Sp ranged from 92.5 (IC95% 90.7-94) to 99.4% (IC95% 98.3-99.8) depending on the cut-off used and the origin of the samples (Spain or Norway). Sp in cattle (cut-off point 100) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Norwegian samples. By contrast, Sp in goats was consistently low at the 100 cut-off [30.9 (CI95%23.4-39.5)-78% (CI95% 68.9-85)]. A higher cut-off of 150 improved Sp in Norwegian goats [97% (CI95% 91.6-99)], but still yielded a poor Sp of 56.1% (CI95% 47.3-64.6) in Spanish goats. In Norway at the 100 cut-off the Sp was 58.3 (CI95% 42.2-72.9) and 90.6% (CI95% 81-95.6) in MAP vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats, respectively, indicating interference due to MAP vaccination. Sp in sheep was between 94.4 (CI95% 91.7-96.3) and 100% (CI95% 96.3-100) depending on the cut-off and country, and no diagnostic interference due to infection with C. pseudotuberculosis was recorded. Sp in pigs was 100%, regardless the cut-off point applied, and no significant differences were observed between pigs from Norway and from Spain. CONCLUSIONS Due to its excellent Sp in pigs and acceptable Sp in cattle and sheep, this ELISA may constitute a suitable option for TB screening at herd level, particularly in OTF-countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Infantes-Lorenzo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Roy
- CZ Veterinaria S.A., Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - M. A. Risalde
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Dpto. de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceia3), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A. Balseiro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Deva-Gijón, Asturias Spain
| | - L. de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Puentes
- CZ Veterinaria S.A., Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J. Åkerstedt
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Sentrum, Oslo Norway
| | - G. T. Tessema
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Sentrum, Oslo Norway
| | - C. Gortázar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L. Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Dave D, Moreno I, Anderson P, Lesellier S, Gormley E, Dominguez L, Balseiro A, Gortázar C, Dominguez M, Salguero FJ. New serological platform for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in European badgers. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:61-69. [PMID: 30656864 PMCID: PMC6376137 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
European badgers (Meles meles) have been identified as wildlife reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in the UK and Ireland, and may also have a role in the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis in other European regions. Thus, detection of M. bovis‐infected badgers may be required for the purposes of surveillance and monitoring of disease levels in infected populations. Current serological assays to detect M. bovis infection in live badgers, while rapid and inexpensive, show limited diagnostic sensitivity. Here we describe and evaluate new ELISA platforms for the recognition of the P22 multiprotein complex derived from the purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. bovis. The recognition of IgG against P22 multiprotein complex derived from PPD‐B was tested by ELISA in the serum of badgers from the UK, Ireland and Spain. TB infection in the badgers was indicated by the presence of M. bovis in tissues by culture and histology at post‐mortem examination and TB‐free status was established by repeated negativity in the interferon γ release assay (IGRA). In experimentally infected badgers, humoral antibody responses against P22 developed within 45 days post‐infection. The ELISA tests showed estimated sensitivity levels of 74–82% in experimentally and naturally infected badgers with specificities ranging from 75% to 100% depending on the badger population tested. The P22 multi‐antigen based ELISAs provide a sensitive and specific test platform for improved tuberculosis surveillance in badgers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipesh Dave
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Immaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Anderson
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucas Dominguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Deva-Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mercedes Dominguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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41
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Thomas J, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Moreno I, Romero B, Garrido JM, Juste R, Domínguez M, Domínguez L, Gortazar C, Risalde MA. A new test to detect antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in red deer serum. Vet J 2018; 244:98-103. [PMID: 30825903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) farming is a growing economic activity worldwide. However, the capacity of this species to act as reservoir of animal tuberculosis (TB) poses a threat to other wildlife and to livestock. Diagnostic assay accuracy in this species is therefore highly relevant for prevention and control measures. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the protein complex P22, obtained from Mycobacterium bovis derived purified protein derivative (bPPD), as a candidate antigen for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). We assessed the performance of this new antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in TB-positive and TB-negative red deer, in comparison with a bPPD-based ELISA. The P22 ELISA achieved a higher specificity (Sp) and similar sensitivity (Se) in comparison with the bPPD ELISA at all the cut-off points considered. The P22 ELISA yielded optimal Sp (99.02%; 95% confidence intervals [CI95%]: 96.5-99.8) and appropriate Se (70.1%; CI95%: 63.6-76) at the selected cut-off point of 100%. These results suggest that P22 can be used as an alternative antigen in the immunodiagnosis of animal TB through the use of an ELISA-type detection of antibodies against MTC in red deer, thus contributing to the diagnosis of animal TB in this species as a measure for further disease prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain; Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Garrido
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gortazar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - M A Risalde
- Dpto. de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Cano-Terriza D, Risalde MA, Rodríguez-Hernández P, Napp S, Fernández-Morente M, Moreno I, Bezos J, Fernández-Molera V, Sáez JL, García-Bocanegra I. Epidemiological surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in extensively raised pigs in the south of Spain. Prev Vet Med 2018; 159:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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López V, Risalde MA, Contreras M, Mateos-Hernández L, Vicente J, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protects zebrafish against mycobacteriosis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1515-1528. [PMID: 29956837 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Control of mycobacterial infection constitutes a priority for human and animal health worldwide. However, effective vaccines are needed for the control of human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Adult zebrafish have become a useful model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for TB control and prevention. Recently, parenteral and oral immunization with the heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protected wild boar against TB. The objectives of this study were to provide additional support for the role of M. bovis IV in TB control using the zebrafish model and to conduct the first trial with this vaccine for the control of fish mycobacteriosis. The results showed that M. bovis IV protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by low and high infection doses of Mycobacterium marinum and provided evidence suggesting that the protective mechanism elicited by M. bovis IV in zebrafish as in other species is based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway, with a role for the regulatory protein Akr2 in this process. These results encourage the use of M. bovis IV for TB control in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir López
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Angeles Risalde
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joaquin Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, SaBio, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Response of goats to intramuscular vaccination with heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis and natural challenge. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 60:28-34. [PMID: 30396427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caprine TB causes chronic disease with severe economic and health consequences. We assessed the effect of intramuscularly administered heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) on 20 kid goats (10 vaccinated, 10 controls), naturally exposed to M. caprae through close contact with infected goats. At necropsy, visible TB-compatible lesions were recorded in all animals with the exception of 1 control and 2 vaccinated goats. The median of the total lesion score was 9 (IQR 3-13.5) and 5 (IQR 3-6.75) in control and vaccinated goats, respectively (median lesion reduction 44.4%, p = 0.224). The lung lesions of the vaccinated goats were restricted to the caudal lobes, while 6 controls had additional lung lobes affected (p = 0.01). The median lung lesion score reduction in vaccinated goats was 100%; however, this reduction was not significant (p = 0.124), possibly due to the low sample size. Regarding the abdomen, only one vaccinated goat presented visible lesions compared to three goats in the control group. The results provide further evidence of the potential of heat-inactivated M. bovis for controlling TB in different host species, including ruminants.
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Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Whitehead CE, Moreno I, Bezos J, Roy A, Domínguez L, Domínguez M, Salguero FJ. Development and Evaluation of a Serological Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Alpacas and Llamas. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:189. [PMID: 30151368 PMCID: PMC6099158 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
South American camelids are susceptible to tuberculosis, caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis and M. microti. Despite the tuberculin skin test being the official test for tuberculosis, it has a very low sensitivity in these species (14–20%). Serological tests present the advantages of being rapid, easy to perform and facilitate analysis of large numbers of samples in a short period of time. Novel antigen discovery and evaluation would provide enhanced detection of specific antibodies against members of M. tuberculosis complex. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of an ELISA-type immunoassays to use in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in llamas and alpacas based on P22, a multiprotein complex obtained by affinity chromatography from bovine Purified Protein Derivative (bPPD), that showed high sensitivity and specificity in mice, cattle and goats. This work was performed in two stages. First, a preliminary panel of samples collected from tuberculosis-free (n = 396) and M. bovis-infected herds (n = 56) was assayed, obtaining high specificity (100%) and sensitivity ranging from 63 to 96%. Subsequently, the use of the serological assay was tested using samples from two herds suffering from clinical M. bovis (n = 88) and M. microti (n = 25) infection to evaluate the ability of the ELISA to detect infected animals. 11 out of 88 alpacas were positive to the ELISA in a M. bovis outbreak and 7 out of 25 in a M. microti outbreak. The P22 ELISA potentially provides a sensitive and specific platform for improved tuberculosis surveillance in camelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Infantes-Lorenzo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Roy
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Control of mycobacteriosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) mucosally vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis. Vaccine 2018; 36:4447-4453. [PMID: 29935860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterial infections greatly affect human and animal health worldwide, and vaccines are effective, sustainable and economic interventions for the prevention and control of these infectious diseases. Recent results support the use of zebrafish as a model for studying the pathophysiology of mycobacterial infection and for the development of novel interventions for tuberculosis (TB) control. Recently, we showed that oral immunization with the heat-inactivated M. bovis vaccine (M. bovis IV) protect wild boar against TB, and suggested that this vaccine may controls mycobacterial infection in other species. METHODS In this study we evaluated the effect of M. bovis IV on the control of mycobacteriosis in zebrafish mucosally vaccinated by immersion and challenged intraperitoneally with Mycobacterium marinum. RESULTS The results showed that the M. bovis IV administered by immersion protected zebrafish against mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum by reduction in mycobacterial infection, the number of mycobacteria per granuloma and the number of granulomas per fish. An IgM antibody response against M. bovis antigens was developed in vaccinated fish. Evidences suggested that the protective mechanism elicited by mucosal vaccination with M. bovis IV in zebrafish was based on the activation of the innate immune response through the C3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of the M. bovis IV administered by immersion for the control of mycobacteriosis in fish.
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Cano-Terriza D, Risalde MA, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Vicente J, Isla J, Paniagua J, Moreno I, Gortázar C, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, García-Bocanegra I. Management of hunting waste as control measure for tuberculosis in wild ungulates in south-central Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018. [PMID: 29536638 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, habitat change and the intensive management of wild ungulates for hunting have led to an increase in their populations in south-central Spain. This implies a higher generation of hunting waste, which can favour the transmission of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the proper disposal of hunting waste as TB control measure in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the 2008/2009 to 2016/2017 hunting seasons. Blood samples from 664 wild boar and 934 red deer were obtained in 14 game estates in two provinces in Andalusia (Area 1), where the disposal of hunting waste was implemented since the 2012/2013 hunting season. Besides, six game estates in the province of Ciudad Real, in Castilla-La Mancha (Area 2), an adjacent region where this management measure was not implemented during the studied period, were used as controls, sampling 277 wild boar and 427 red deer sera. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), seroprevalence detected in wild boar from Area 1, was significantly higher before the disposal of big game hunting by-products (82.8%; 2008/2009-2012/2013) compared to the second period (61.8%; 2013/2014-2016/2017) (p < .001), after this control measure became established. By contrast, no significant differences between periods were found in wild boar (41.3% versus 44.8%; p = .33) and red deer (14.9% versus 11.6%; p = .19) from Area 2 as well as in red deer (10.8% versus 10.5%; p = .48) from Area 1. The proper disposal of hunting waste contributed to achieve a 25% reduction in MTC seroprevalence in wild boar. These results are of particular relevance regarding wild boar in the current context of re-emerging and emerging diseases such as TB and African Swine Fever in Europe. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of this measure on the health status of livestock and other wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cano-Terriza
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Risalde
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Vicente
- SaBio - Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Isla
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Paniagua
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - I Moreno
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gortázar
- SaBio - Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I García-Bocanegra
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
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