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Landberg R, Karra P, Hoobler R, Loftfield E, Huybrechts I, Rattner JI, Noerman S, Claeys L, Neveu V, Vidkjaer NH, Savolainen O, Playdon MC, Scalbert A. Dietary biomarkers-an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1260-1280. [PMID: 37791499 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachel Hoobler
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Jodi I Rattner
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesel Claeys
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Neveu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Nanna Hjort Vidkjaer
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
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2
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Wishart DS. Knowledge translation and knowledge mobilization from the FoodBAll project. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 39011902 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
This report describes the knowledge mobilization and translation outcomes of the Canadian-funded portion of a large, international project called the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll), which ran from 2015 to 2019. This remarkably successful project led to a large number of important findings, outputs, and impacts. In particular, FoodBAll unequivocally demonstrated that metabolomics could be used to not only discover biomarkers of food intake (BFIs), but also to measure diet in a more objective manner. FoodBAll also created standards for assessing and validating BFIs, papers and databases describing BFIs, and kits for measuring BFIs and it laid the groundwork for many global studies exploring food composition and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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3
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Cuparencu C, Bulmuş-Tüccar T, Stanstrup J, La Barbera G, Roager HM, Dragsted LO. Towards nutrition with precision: unlocking biomarkers as dietary assessment tools. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01067-y. [PMID: 38956322 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Precision nutrition requires precise tools to monitor dietary habits. Yet current dietary assessment instruments are subjective, limiting our understanding of the causal relationships between diet and health. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) hold promise to increase the objectivity and accuracy of dietary assessment, enabling adjustment for compliance and misreporting. Here, we update current concepts and provide a comprehensive overview of BFIs measured in urine and blood. We rank BFIs based on a four-level utility scale to guide selection and identify combinations of BFIs that specifically reflect complex food intakes, making them applicable as dietary instruments. We discuss the main challenges in biomarker development and illustrate key solutions for the application of BFIs in human studies, highlighting different strategies for selecting and combining BFIs to support specific study designs. Finally, we present a roadmap for BFI development and implementation to leverage current knowledge and enable precision in nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Tuğçe Bulmuş-Tüccar
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jan Stanstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik M Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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4
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Kaput J, Monteiro JP. Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:188. [PMID: 38257081 PMCID: PMC10819666 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Large datasets have been used in molecular and genetic research for decades, but only a few studies have included nutrition and lifestyle factors. Our team conducted an n-of-1 intervention with 12 vitamins and five minerals in 9- to 13-year-old Brazilian children and teens with poor healthy-eating indices. A unique feature of the experimental design was the inclusion of a replication arm. Twenty-six types of data were acquired including clinical measures, whole-genome mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and proteomic and a variety of metabolomic measurements over two years. A goal of this study was to use these diverse data sets to discover previously undetected physiological effects associated with a poor diet that include a more complete micronutrient composition. We summarize the key findings of 11 reports from this study that (i) found that LDL and total cholesterol and fasting glucose decreased in the population after the intervention but with inter-individual variation; (ii) associated a polygenic risk score that predicted baseline vitamin B12 levels; (iii) identified metabotypes linking diet intake, genetic makeup, and metabolic physiology; (iv) found multiple biomarkers for nutrient and food groups; and (v) discovered metabolites and proteins that are associated with DNA damage. This summary also highlights the limitations and lessons in analyzing diverse omic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
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Moreno-Ortega A, Pereira-Caro G, Ludwig IA, Motilva MJ, Moreno-Rojas JM. Bioavailability of Organosulfur Compounds after the Ingestion of Black Garlic by Healthy Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040925. [PMID: 37107300 PMCID: PMC10135770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of black garlic has been related to a decreased risk of many human diseases due to the presence of phytochemicals such as organosulfur compounds (OSCs). However, information on the metabolization of these compounds in humans is limited. By means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), this study aims to determine the OSCs and their metabolites excreted in urine 24 h after an acute intake of 20 g of black garlic by healthy humans. Thirty-three OSCs were identified and quantified, methiin (17,954 ± 6040 nmol), isoalliin (15,001 ± 9241 nmol), S-(2-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine (8804 ± 7220 nmol) and S-propyl-L-cysteine (deoxypropiin) (7035 ± 1392 nmol) being the main ones. Also detected were the metabolites N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (NASAC), N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (NASACS) and N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine (NACPC), derived from S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), alliin and S-(2-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine, respectively. These compounds are potentially N-acetylated in the liver and kidney. The total excretion of OSCs 24 h after the ingestion of black garlic was 64,312 ± 26,584 nmol. A tentative metabolic pathway has been proposed for OSCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Moreno-Ortega
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Foods for Health Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Foods for Health Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Agrotecnio Center, XaRTA-TPV, Food Technology Department, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-José Motilva
- Agrotecnio Center, XaRTA-TPV, Food Technology Department, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Foods for Health Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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6
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Noerman S, Landberg R. Blood metabolite profiles linking dietary patterns with health-Toward precision nutrition. J Intern Med 2023; 293:408-432. [PMID: 36484466 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important exposures that may affect health throughout life span. Investigations on dietary patterns rather than single food components are gaining in popularity because they take the complexity of the whole dietary context into account. Adherence to such dietary patterns can be measured by using metabolomics, which allows measurements of thousands of molecules simultaneously. Derived metabolite signatures of dietary patterns may reflect the consumption of specific groups of foods or their constituents originating from the dietary pattern per se, or the physiological response toward the food-derived metabolites, their interaction with endogenous metabolism, and exogenous factors such as gut microbiota. Here, we review and discuss blood metabolite fingerprints of healthy dietary patterns. The plasma concentration of several food-derived metabolites-such as betaines from whole grains and n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and furan fatty acids from fish-seems to consistently reflect the intake of common foods of several healthy dietary patterns. The metabolites reflecting shared features of different healthy food indices form biomarker panels for which specific, targeted assays could be developed. The specificity of such biomarker panels would need to be validated, and proof-of-concept feeding trials are needed to evaluate to what extent the panels may mediate the effects of dietary patterns on disease risk indicators or if they are merely food intake biomarkers. Metabolites mediating health effects may represent novel targets for precision prevention strategies of clinical relevance to be verified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Noerman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Weinisch P, Fiamoncini J, Schranner D, Raffler J, Skurk T, Rist MJ, Römisch-Margl W, Prehn C, Adamski J, Hauner H, Daniel H, Suhre K, Kastenmüller G. Dynamic patterns of postprandial metabolic responses to three dietary challenges. Front Nutr 2022; 9:933526. [PMID: 36211489 PMCID: PMC9540193 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake triggers extensive changes in the blood metabolome. The kinetics of these changes depend on meal composition and on intrinsic, health-related characteristics of each individual, making the assessment of changes in the postprandial metabolome an opportunity to assess someone's metabolic status. To enable the usage of dietary challenges as diagnostic tools, profound knowledge about changes that occur in the postprandial period in healthy individuals is needed. In this study, we characterize the time-resolved changes in plasma levels of 634 metabolites in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT), and a mixed meal (SLD) in healthy young males (n = 15). Metabolite levels for samples taken at different time points (20 per individual) during the challenges were available from targeted (132 metabolites) and non-targeted (502 metabolites) metabolomics. Almost half of the profiled metabolites (n = 308) showed a significant change in at least one challenge, thereof 111 metabolites responded exclusively to one particular challenge. Examples include azelate, which is linked to ω-oxidation and increased only in OLTT, and a fibrinogen cleavage peptide that has been linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients and increased only in OGTT, making its postprandial dynamics a potential target for risk management. A pool of 89 metabolites changed their plasma levels during all three challenges and represents the core postprandial response to food intake regardless of macronutrient composition. We used fuzzy c-means clustering to group these metabolites into eight clusters based on commonalities of their dynamic response patterns, with each cluster following one of four primary response patterns: (i) “decrease-increase” (valley-like) with fatty acids and acylcarnitines indicating the suppression of lipolysis, (ii) “increase-decrease” (mountain-like) including a cluster of conjugated bile acids and the glucose/insulin cluster, (iii) “steady decrease” with metabolites reflecting a carryover from meals prior to the study, and (iv) “mixed” decreasing after the glucose challenge and increasing otherwise. Despite the small number of subjects, the diversity of the challenges and the wealth of metabolomic data make this study an important step toward the characterization of postprandial responses and the identification of markers of metabolic processes regulated by food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weinisch
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Food Research Center – FoRC, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Schranner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Raffler
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Digital Medicine, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Core Facility Human Studies, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabi Kastenmüller
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8
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Wüthrich C, De Figueiredo M, Burton-Pimentel KJ, Vergères G, Wahl F, Zenobi R, Giannoukos S. Breath response following a nutritional challenge monitored by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35961293 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On-line breath analysis using secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is a sensitive method for biomarker discovery. The strengths of this technology have already been demonstrated in the clinical environment. For the first time, this study demonstrates the application of SESI-HRMS in the field of nutritional science using a standardized nutritional intervention, consisting of a high-energy shake (950 kcal, 8% protein, 35% sugar and 57% fat). Eleven subjects underwent the intervention on three separate days and their exhaled breath was monitored up to six hours postprandially. In addition, sampling was performed during equivalent fasting conditions for selected subjects. To estimate the impact of inter- and intra-individual variability, analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was conducted, revealing that the inter-individual variability accounted for 30 % of the data variation. To distinguish the effect of the intervention from fasting conditions, partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed. Candidate compound annotation was performed with pathway analysis and collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Pathway analysis highlighted, among others, features associated with the metabolism of linoleate, butanoate and amino sugars. Tentative compounds annotated through CID measurements include fatty acids, amino acids, and amino acid derivatives, some of them likely derived from nutrients by the gut microbiome (e.g. propanoate, indoles), as well as organic acids from the Krebs cycle. Time-series clustering showed an overlap of observed kinetic trends with those reported previously in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Wüthrich
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | | | | | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Bern, 3003, SWITZERLAND
| | - Fabian Wahl
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Bern, 3003, SWITZERLAND
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, HCI E 325, CH - 8093, Zurich, Zurich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Stamatios Giannoukos
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
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Lee J, Zhao N, Fu Z, Choi J, Lee HJ, Chung M. Effects of garlic intake on cancer: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and cohort studies. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:773-788. [PMID: 34858554 PMCID: PMC8601942 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.6.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Due to the rapid increase of global cancer incidence and mortality and a high level of interest in cancer prevention, a systematic review of garlic intake and cancer risk is needed. SUBJECTS/METHODS We implemented a systematic review to examine the effects of varying levels of garlic intake on cancer. We conducted comprehensive literature searches in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) for studies published between database inception and July or September of 2018. Two investigators independently screened abstracts and full-texts, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB). A total of one medium-quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 13 cohort studies graded as high RoB were included. RESULTS The 1-year follow-up results from a RCT showed that a significant decrease in the number and size of colorectal adenomas among participants with colorectal adenomas who received high-dose aged garlic extract (AGE) compared with those who received low-dose AGE (P < 0.05). The results of prospective observational studies provided inconsistent associations of colorectal cancer risk with garlic supplements and garlic intake as food. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the AGE was effective in reducing the number and magnitude of colorectal adenomas in one RCT, but there were inconsistent associations between garlic intake and colorectal cancer in cohort studies. Therefore, we could not draw a firm conclusion regarding the effects of garlic on cancer, because the current strength of evidence is inadequate due to a lack of number of high-quality RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jounghee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Naisi Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zhuxuan Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jihee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Freidman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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10
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Li KJ, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Burton-Pimentel KJ, Vergères G, Feskens EJM. A systematic review to identify biomarkers of intake for fermented food products. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 33882831 PMCID: PMC8058972 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00686-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Fermented foods are ubiquitous in human diets and often lauded for their sensory, nutritious, and health-promoting qualities. However, precise associations between the intake of fermented foods and health have not been well-established. This is in part due to the limitations of current dietary assessment tools that rely on subjective reporting, making them prone to memory-related errors and reporting bias. The identification of food intake biomarkers (FIBs) bypasses this challenge by providing an objective measure of intake. Despite numerous studies reporting on FIBs for various types of fermented foods and drinks, unique biomarkers associated with the fermentation process (“fermentation-dependent” biomarkers) have not been well documented. We therefore conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature to identify biomarkers of fermented foods commonly consumed in diets across the world. Results After title, abstract, and full-text screening, extraction of data from 301 articles resulted in an extensive list of compounds that were detected in human biofluids following the consumption of various fermented foods, with the majority of articles focusing on coffee (69), wine (69 articles), cocoa (62), beer (34), and bread (29). The identified compounds from all included papers were consolidated and sorted into FIBs proposed for a specific food, for a food group, or for the fermentation process. Alongside food-specific markers (e.g., trigonelline for coffee), and food-group markers (e.g., pentadecanoic acid for dairy intake), several fermentation-dependent markers were revealed. These comprised compounds related to the fermentation process of a particular food, such as mannitol (wine), 2-ethylmalate (beer), methionine (sourdough bread, cheese), theabrownins (tea), and gallic acid (tea, wine), while others were indicative of more general fermentation processes (e.g., ethanol from alcoholic fermentation, 3-phenyllactic acid from lactic fermentation). Conclusions Fermented foods comprise a heterogeneous group of foods. While many of the candidate FIBs identified were found to be non-specific, greater specificity may be observed when considering a combination of compounds identified for individual fermented foods, food groups, and from fermentation processes. Future studies that focus on how fermentation impacts the composition and nutritional quality of food substrates could help to identify novel biomarkers of fermented food intake. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00686-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Li
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands. .,Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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11
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Identification and Reproducibility of Urinary Metabolomic Biomarkers of Habitual Food Intake in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Sub-Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040248. [PMID: 33920694 PMCID: PMC8072637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional metabolomics studies have identified many potential dietary biomarkers, mostly in blood. Few studies examined urine samples although urine is preferred for dietary biomarker discovery. Furthermore, little is known regarding the reproducibility of urinary metabolomic biomarkers over time. We aimed to identify urinary metabolomic biomarkers of diet and assess their reproducibility over time. We conducted a metabolomics analysis among 648 racially/ethnically diverse men and women in the Diet Assessment Sub-study of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 cohort to examine the correlation between >100 food groups/items [101 by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and 105 by repeated 24 h diet recalls (24HRs)] and 1391 metabolites measured in 24 h urine sample replicates, six months apart. Diet-metabolite associations were examined by Pearson's partial correlation analysis. Biomarkers were evaluated for prediction accuracy assessed using area under the curve (AUC) calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve and for reproducibility assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). A total of 1708 diet-metabolite associations were identified after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and restricting correlation coefficients to >0.2 or <-0.2 (1570 associations using the FFQ and 933 using 24HRs), 513 unique metabolites correlated with 79 food groups/items. The median ICCs of the 513 putative biomarkers was 0.53 (interquartile range 0.42-0.62). In this study, with comprehensive dietary data and repeated 24 h urinary metabolic profiles, we identified a large number of diet-metabolite correlations and replicated many found in previous studies. Our findings revealed the promise of urine samples for dietary biomarker discovery in a large cohort study and provide important information on biomarker reproducibility, which could facilitate their utilization in future clinical and epidemiological studies.
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Beckmann M, Wilson T, Lloyd AJ, Torres D, Goios A, Willis ND, Lyons L, Phillips H, Mathers JC, Draper J. Challenges Associated With the Design and Deployment of Food Intake Urine Biomarker Technology for Assessment of Habitual Diet in Free-Living Individuals and Populations-A Perspective. Front Nutr 2020; 7:602515. [PMID: 33344495 PMCID: PMC7745244 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.602515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of diet at the population level is a cornerstone of national and international strategies for reducing chronic disease burden. A critical challenge in generating robust data on habitual dietary intake is accurate exposure assessment. Self-reporting instruments (e.g., food frequency questionnaires, dietary recall) are subject to reporting bias and serving size perceptions, while weighed dietary assessments are unfeasible in large-scale studies. However, secondary metabolites derived from individual foods/food groups and present in urine provide an opportunity to develop potential biomarkers of food intake (BFIs). Habitual dietary intake assessment in population surveys using biomarkers presents several challenges, including the need to develop affordable biofluid collection methods, acceptable to participants that allow collection of informative samples. Monitoring diet comprehensively using biomarkers requires analytical methods to quantify the structurally diverse mixture of target biomarkers, at a range of concentrations within urine. The present article provides a perspective on the challenges associated with the development of urine biomarker technology for monitoring diet exposure in free-living individuals with a view to its future deployment in "real world" situations. An observational study (n = 95), as part of a national survey on eating habits, provided an opportunity to explore biomarker measurement in a free-living population. In a second food intervention study (n = 15), individuals consumed a wide range of foods as a series of menus designed specifically to achieve exposure reflecting a diversity of foods commonly consumed in the UK, emulating normal eating patterns. First Morning Void urines were shown to be suitable samples for biomarker measurement. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, coupled with liquid chromatography, was used to assess simultaneously the behavior of a panel of 54 potential BFIs. This panel of chemically diverse biomarkers, reporting intake of a wide range of commonly-consumed foods, can be extended successfully as new biomarker leads are discovered. Towards validation, we demonstrate excellent discrimination of eating patterns and quantitative relationships between biomarker concentrations in urine and the intake of several foods. In conclusion, we believe that the integration of information from BFI technology and dietary self-reporting tools will expedite research on the complex interactions between dietary choices and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Duarte Torres
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Goios
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Naomi D. Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Lyons
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Brandl B, Buso MEC, Skurk T, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:7. [PMID: 32272877 PMCID: PMC7144047 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies acknowledged the importance of an adequate vegetable consumption for human health. However, current methods to estimate vegetable intake are often prone to measurement errors due to self-reporting and/or insufficient detail. More objective intake biomarkers for vegetables, using biological specimens, are preferred. The only concentration biomarkers currently available are blood carotenoids and vitamin C, covering total fruit and vegetable intake. Identification of biomarkers for specific vegetables is needed for a better understanding of their relative importance for human health. Within the FoodBAll Project under the Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life", an ambitious action was undertaken to identify candidate intake biomarkers for all major food groups consumed in Europe by systematically reviewing the existent literature. This study describes the review on candidate biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) for leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables, which was conducted within PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published through March 2019. RESULTS In total, 65 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility for leafy vegetables, and 6 full-text articles were screened for bulb and stem vegetables. Putative BFIs were identified for spinach, lettuce, endive, asparagus, artichoke, and celery, but not for rocket salad. However, after critical evaluation through a validation scheme developed by the FoodBAll consortium, none of the putative biomarkers appeared to be a promising BFI. The food chemistry data indicate that some candidate BFIs may be revealed by further studies. CONCLUSION Future randomized controlled feeding studies combined with observational studies, applying a non-targeted metabolomics approach, are needed in order to identify valuable BFIs for the intake of leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Beate Brandl
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marion E C Buso
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kroener-Fresenius Center of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR1019, Human Nutrition Unit, F63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Castellano-Escuder P, González-Domínguez R, Wishart DS, Andrés-Lacueva C, Sánchez-Pla A. FOBI: an ontology to represent food intake data and associate it with metabolomic data. Database (Oxford) 2020; 2020:baaa033. [PMID: 32556148 PMCID: PMC7298227 DOI: 10.1093/databa/baaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research can be conducted by using two complementary approaches: (i) traditional self-reporting methods or (ii) via metabolomics techniques to analyze food intake biomarkers in biofluids. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these two very different types of data often hinder their analysis and integration. To manage this challenge, we have developed a novel ontology that describes food and their associated metabolite entities in a hierarchical way. This ontology uses a formal naming system, category definitions, properties and relations between both types of data. The ontology presented is called FOBI (Food-Biomarker Ontology) and it is composed of two interconnected sub-ontologies. One is a 'Food Ontology' consisting of raw foods and 'multi-component foods' while the second is a 'Biomarker Ontology' containing food intake biomarkers classified by their chemical classes. These two sub-ontologies are conceptually independent but interconnected by different properties. This allows data and information regarding foods and food biomarkers to be visualized in a bidirectional way, going from metabolomics to nutritional data or vice versa. Potential applications of this ontology include the annotation of foods and biomarkers using a well-defined and consistent nomenclature, the standardized reporting of metabolomics workflows (e.g. metabolite identification, experimental design) or the application of different enrichment analysis approaches to analyze nutrimetabolomic data. Availability: FOBI is freely available in both OWL (Web Ontology Language) and OBO (Open Biomedical Ontologies) formats at the project's Github repository (https://github.com/pcastellanoescuder/FoodBiomarkerOntology) and FOBI visualization tool is available in https://polcastellano.shinyapps.io/FOBI_Visualization_Tool/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Castellano-Escuder
- Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E8, Canada
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Sánchez-Pla
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sohrabinezhad Z, Dastan D, Asl SS, Nili-Ahmadabadi A. Allium Jesdianum Extract Improve Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Failure through Inhibition of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22:239-247. [PMID: 31970021 PMCID: PMC6970575 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2019.22.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Allium jesdianum (Aj) is a medicinal plant that has highlighted pharmacological features. In this study, the effects of Aj extract were examined on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic failure in rats. Methods Methanolic fraction of hydro-alcoholic extract of Aj was obtained by silica gel column chromatography method. Animals were randomly divided into four groups each containing six rats and treated by gavage as follows: the first and second groups received normal saline, the third and fourth groups were received with 50 and 100 mg/kg of Aj extract, respectively. After two consecutive weeks, the groups 2–4 were given a single dose of APAP (2 g/kg). After 48 hours, blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histological examinations. Results The findings of the study demonstrated that APAP caused a significant increase in ALT (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), LDH (P < 0.001), ALP (P < 0.001) serum levels, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO; P < 0.001) and nitric oxide (NO; P < 0.001). In this regard, APAP led to the depletion of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC; P < 0.001), glutathione and total thiol groups (TTGs; P < 0.001), and structural change in the liver. In the Aj extract groups, a considerable improvement was found in the hepatic function alongside the histopathologic changes. Conclusion This investigation indicated that the influential effects of Aj extract in APAP-induced hepatic failure might depend on its effect on improving oxidant/antioxidant balance in hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sohrabinezhad
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Picó C, Serra F, Rodríguez AM, Keijer J, Palou A. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1092. [PMID: 31100942 PMCID: PMC6567133 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well as its effects on the body. Generally, food intake measurement is based on self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by the use of biomarkers, capable of objectively assessing food consumption without the bias of self-reported dietary assessment. Another major goal is to determine the biological effects of foods and their impact on health. Systems analysis of dynamic responses may help to identify biomarkers indicative of intake and effects on the body at the same time, possibly in relation to individuals' health/disease states. Such biomarkers could be used to quantify intake and validate intake questionnaires, analyse physiological or pathological responses to certain food components or diets, identify persons with specific dietary deficiency, provide information on inter-individual variations or help to formulate personalized dietary recommendations to achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred as "precision nutrition." In this regard, holistic approaches using global analysis methods (omics approaches), capable of gathering high amounts of data, appear to be very useful to identify new biomarkers and to enhance our understanding of the role of food in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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