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Rohilla M, Mazumder A, Chowdhury D, Bhardwaj R, Kumar Mondal T. Understanding natural genetic variation for nutritional quality in grain and identification of superior haplotypes in deepwater rice genotypes of Assam, India. Gene 2024; 928:148801. [PMID: 39068998 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Rice grown under deepwater ecosystem is considered to be natural farming and hence they are considered to be input efficient. Thus, to identify gene responsible for nutritional content under natural conditions, a genome-wide association study (GWAS)was performed. GWAS identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with various nutritional quality traits such as Zn (mg/kg), Fe (mg/kg), Protein (%), Oil (%), Amylose (%), Starch (%), Phytic acid (%), Phenol (%) and TDF (%) in 184 deepwater rice accessions evaluated over 2 consecutive years. A total of 278 SNPs distributed across 12 chromosomes were found to be significantly associated with Zn, Oil and Phenol content. Among them, eight high confidence SNPs were significant and identified on chr1 (AX-95933712), chr7 (AX-95957036), and chr8 (AX-95965181) for Zn content. Similarly, on chr2 (AX-95945186), chr8 (AX-95964718), and chr11 (AX-95961099) have been found to be associated with Oil content and on chr3 (AX-95922121) and chr4 (AX-95963889) for Phenol content. Genomic regions of ± 220 kb flanking the three consistent lowest p value containing SNPs for each trait were considered for finding superior haplotypes. These SNPs showed significant phenotypic variations with different identified haplotype blocks. The allelic variations with phenotypes were considered to be superior haplotypes i.e., Block 1: Hap 1 (ACCC) for high Zn content, Block 2: Hap 1 (CT) for high Oil content, and Block 2: Hap 1(CGGG) for low Phenol content. The discovered superior haplotype with high nutritional content could be important for understanding the mechanisms involving nutrient use efficiency. Thus, the present study demonstrated that developing rice varieties with appropriate nutritional quality traits will be possible through the incorporation of such superior haplotypes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rohilla
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Mazumder
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Dhiren Chowdhury
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Li F, Wu L, Li X, Chai Y, Ruan N, Wang Y, Xu N, Yu Z, Wang X, Chen H, Lu J, Xu H, Xu Z, Chen W, Xu Q. Dissecting the molecular basis of the ultra-large grain formation in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2251-2264. [PMID: 39073105 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The shape of rice grains not only determines the thousand-grain weight but also correlates closely with the grain quality. Here we identified an ultra-large grain accession (ULG) with a thousand-grain weight exceeding 60 g. The integrated analysis of QTL, BSA, de novo genome assembled, transcription sequencing, and gene editing was conducted to dissect the molecular basis of the ULG formation. The ULG pyramided advantageous alleles from at least four known grain-shaping genes, OsLG3, OsMADS1, GS3, GL3.1, and one novel locus, qULG2-b, which encoded a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase. The collective impacts of OsLG3, OsMADS1, GS3, and GL3.1 on grain size were confirmed in transgenic plants and near-isogenic lines. The transcriptome analysis identified 112 genes cooperatively regulated by these four genes that were prominently involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. By leveraging the pleiotropy of these genes, we enhanced the grain yield, appearance, and stress tolerance of rice var. SN265. Beyond showcasing the pyramiding of multiple grain size regulation genes that can produce ULG, our study provides a theoretical framework and valuable genomic resources for improving rice variety by leveraging the pleiotropy of grain size regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lian Wu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yanan Chai
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Na Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhiwen Yu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaoche Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Prodhan ZH, Samonte SOPB, Sanchez DL, Talukder SK. Profiling and Improvement of Grain Quality Traits for Consumer Preferable Basmati Rice in the United States. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2326. [PMID: 39204762 PMCID: PMC11359321 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Basmati rice is a premium aromatic rice that consumers choose primarily because of its distinct aroma and excellent grain quality. The grain quality of Basmati rice (GQBR) reflects the perspectives of producers, processors, sellers, and consumers related to the production, processing, marketing, and consumption of Basmati rice. Consumers, an invaluable part of the production demand and value chain of the Basmati rice industry, have the freedom to choose from different types of aromatic rice. Consumers expect their preferred Basmati rice to possess all superior rice grain qualities, including the physical, biochemical, and physiological properties. Gene functional analysis explained that a 10-base pair deletion in the promoter region of the OsSPL16 gene causes the slender grains in Basmati rice, whereas an 8-base-pair deletion in exon 7 of the OsBadh2 gene (located in the fgr region on rice chromosome 8) results in the distinct aroma. Furthermore, a combination of the genetic characteristics of the gw8 and gs3 genes has led to the creation of a long-grain Basmati-type rice cultivar. It has also been demonstrated that agricultural, genetic, and environmental conditions significantly influence GQBR. Hence, research on improving GQBR requires a multidimensional approach and sophisticated elements due to the complexity of its nature and preference diversity. This review covers the basic definitions of grain quality traits, consumer preference criteria, influencing factors, and strategies for producing superior-quality Basmati rice in the United States. This knowledge will be useful in improving the grain quality of Basmati and Basmati-type rice, as well as developing appropriate breeding programs that will meet the preferences of different countries and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Hossain Prodhan
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, 1509 Aggie Drive, Beaumont, TX 77713, USA; (D.L.S.); (S.K.T.)
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Jin W, Li L, Ma G, Wei Z. Halotolerant Microorganism-Based Soil Conditioner Application Improved the Soil Properties, Yield, Quality and Starch Characteristics of Hybrid Rice under Higher Saline Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2325. [PMID: 39204761 PMCID: PMC11359022 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity represents a significant factor affecting agricultural productivity and crop quality. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil conditioner (SC) comprising halotolerant microorganisms on the soil fertility, yield, rice quality, and the physicochemical and structural properties of starch in hybrid rice under saline conditions. The experimental treatments were composed of two high-quality hybrid rice varieties, i.e., 'Y Liangyou 957' (YLY957) and Jing Liangyou 534 (JLY534), and two soil amendment treatments, i.e., the application of SC at control levels and 2250 kg hm-2, or 'CK and SC', respectively. The crop was subjected to a mixture of fresh and sea water (EC 11 dS/m). The results demonstrated that the application of SC significantly enhanced the rice yield under salt stress conditions owing to an increase in the number of grains per panicle. Furthermore, SC was found to be effective in improving the organic matter and soil nutrient content. Furthermore, the application of SC resulted in an improvement in antioxidant defense, higher leaf SPAD values, and greater crop biomass, as well as the translocation of photo-assimilates at the heading stage. The application of SC not only improved the milling and appearance quality but also enhanced the taste value of rice by increasing the amylose and reducing the protein content. Furthermore, the application of SC also decreased the indentations on the surfaces of starch granules and cracks on the edges of the granules. The rice varieties subjected to SC exhibited excellent pasting properties, characterized by reduced proportions of amylopectin short chains and a lower gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of gelatinization. Overall, these findings serve to reinforce the efficacy of soil conditioner as a valuable tool to improve rice productivity and sustainability with improved rice grain quality under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China; (W.J.); (G.M.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Guohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China; (W.J.); (G.M.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhongwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China; (W.J.); (G.M.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Sanya 572024, China
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Yang X, Pan Y, Xia X, Qing D, Chen W, Nong B, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Li J, Li D, Dai G, Deng G. Molecular basis of genetic improvement for key rice quality traits in Southern China. Genomics 2023; 115:110745. [PMID: 37977332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Grain qualities including milling quality, appearance quality, eating and cooking quality, and nutritional quality are important indicators in rice breeding. Significant achievements in genetic improvement of rice quality have been made. In this study, we analyzed the variation patterns of 16 traits in 1570 rice varieties and found significant improvements in appearance quality and eating and cooking quality, particularly in hybrid rice. Through genome-wide association study and allelic functional nucleotide polymorphisms analysis of quality trait genes, we found that ALK, FGR1, FLO7, GL7/GW7, GLW7, GS2, GS3, ONAC129, OsGRF8, POW1, WCR1, and Wx were associated with the genetic improvement of rice quality traits in Southern China. Allelic functional nucleotide polymorphisms analysis of 13 important rice quality genes, including fragrance gene fgr, were performed using the polymerase chain reaction amplification refractory mutation system technology. The results showed that Gui516, Gui569, Gui721, Ryousi, Rsimiao, Rbasi, and Yuehui9802 possessed multiple superior alleles. This study elucidates the phenotypic changes and molecular basis of key quality traits of varieties in Southern China. The findings will provide guidance for genetic improvement of rice quality and the development of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Xiuzhong Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Dongjin Qing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Baoxuan Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zongqiong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Weiyong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Danting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China.
| | - Gaoxing Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China.
| | - Guofu Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China.
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Li Z, Zhou T, Zhu K, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhang H, Liu L, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang B, Xu D, Gu J, Yang J. Effects of Salt Stress on Grain Yield and Quality Parameters in Rice Cultivars with Differing Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3243. [PMID: 37765407 PMCID: PMC10538069 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield and grain quality are highly sensitive to salinity stress. Salt-tolerant/susceptible rice cultivars respond to salinity differently. To explore the variation in grain yield and quality to moderate/severe salinity stress, five rice cultivars differing in degrees of salt tolerance, including three salt-tolerant rice cultivars (Lianjian 5, Lianjian 6, and Lianjian 7) and two salt-susceptible rice cultivars (Wuyunjing 30 and Lianjing 7) were examined. Grain yield was significantly decreased under salinity stress, while the extent of yield loss was lesser in salt-tolerant rice cultivars due to the relatively higher grain filling ratio and grain weight. The milling quality continued to increase with increasing levels. There were genotypic differences in the responses of appearance quality to mild salinity. The appearance quality was first increased and then decreased with increasing levels of salinity stress in salt-tolerant rice but continued to decrease in salt-susceptible rice. Under severe salinity stress, the protein accumulation was increased and the starch content was decreased; the content of short branched-chain of amylopectin was decreased; the crystallinity and stability of the starch were increased, and the gelatinization temperature was increased. These changes resulted in the deterioration of cooking and eating quality of rice under severe salinity-stressed environments. However, salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice cultivars responded differently to moderate salinity stress in cooking and eating quality and in the physicochemical properties of the starch. For salt-tolerant rice cultivars, the chain length of amylopectin was decreased, the degrees of order of the starch structure were decreased, and pasting properties and thermal properties were increased significantly, whereas for salt-susceptible rice cultivars, cooking and eating quality was deteriorated under moderate salinity stress. In conclusion, the selection of salt-tolerant rice cultivars can effectively maintain the rice production at a relatively high level while simultaneously enhancing grain quality in moderate salinity-stressed environments. Our results demonstrate specific salinity responses among the rice genotypes and the planting of salt-tolerant rice under moderate soil salinity is a solution to ensure rice production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kuanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zujian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (K.Z.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhang L, Ma K, Zhao X, Li Z, Zhang X, Li W, Meng R, Lu B, Yuan X. Development of a Comprehensive Quality Evaluation System for Foxtail Millet from Different Ecological Regions. Foods 2023; 12:2545. [PMID: 37444285 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a critical grain with high nutritional value and the potential for increased production in arid and semiarid regions. The foxtail millet value chain can be upgraded only by ensuring its comprehensive quality. Thus, samples were collected from different production areas in Shanxi province, China, and compared in terms of quality traits. We established a quality evaluation system utilizing multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the appearance, nutritional content, and culinary value of foxtail millet produced in different ecological regions varied substantially. Different values of amino acids (DVAACs), alkali digestion values (ADVs), and total flavone content (TFC) had the highest coefficients of variation (CVs) of 50.30%, 39.75%, and 35.39%, respectively. Based on this, a comprehensive quality evaluation system for foxtail millet was established, and the quality of foxtail millet produced in the five production areas was ranked in order from highest to lowest: Dingxiang > Zezhou > Qinxian > Xingxian > Yuci. In conclusion, the ecological conditions of Xinding Basin are favorable for ensuring the comprehensive quality of foxtail millet. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiatong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Ru Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Boyu Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
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Zhang RP, Zhou NN, Ashen RG, Zhou L, Feng TY, Zhang KY, Liao XH, Aer LS, Shu JC, He XW, Gao F, Ma P. Effect of Sowing Date on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Growth-Constrained Direct-Seeding Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091899. [PMID: 37176958 PMCID: PMC10181372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate changes in the yield and physiological characteristics of indica hybrid rice varieties sown on different dates, we evaluated appropriate hybrid rice varieties and their optimal sowing dates in the hilly areas of Sichuan. Three popular indica rice varieties were used as experimental materials, and five sowing dates were set uniformly locally [16 May (SD1), 23 May (SD2), 30 May (SD3), 6 June (SD4), and 13 June (SD5)] to investigate differences in the yield characteristics, growth period, and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that, over the two years, the sowing-to-heading period and overall growth period of the three varieties shortened as the sowing date was delayed, and the difference in yield between the SD1 and SD2 treatments was not significant, owing to higher material accumulation after flowering and higher assimilative material transport capacity. These varieties are both photosensitive and tolerant to low temperatures. Among the three varieties tested, the Huangyouyuehesimiao (V3) cultivar had the highest yield, with 10.75 t ha-1 under the SD2 treatment. The impact of shifting the sowing date on yield components varied. Delaying the sowing date increased and then decreased the number of effective panicles, and the number of grains per panicle and the seed setting rate decreased by differing degrees. In summary, a high yield of indica hybrid rice can be maintained by sowing between 16 and 23 May each year in the study area. It indicated that indica hybrid rice in the hilly rice-producing region of Sichuan is highly adaptable to different sowing dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ping Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ri-Gui Ashen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ting-Yu Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ke-Yuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xue-Huan Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Li-Se Aer
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jian-Chao Shu
- Sichuan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xue-Wu He
- Sichuan Taiwo Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Jiangyou 621700, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Sichuan Taiwo Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Jiangyou 621700, China
| | - Peng Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Ding C, Xu C, Lu B, Zhu X, Luo X, He B, Elidio C, Liu Z, Ding Y, Yang J, Li G. Comprehensive Evaluation of Rice Qualities under Different Nitrogen Levels in South China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040697. [PMID: 36832772 PMCID: PMC9956055 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to comprehensively evaluate the rice quality of different rice varieties under different nitrogen treatments. Therefore, in this study, we used twenty-one hybrid indica rice varieties and twenty-three inbred japonica rice varieties with three nitrogen fertilizer levels to investigate differences in rice qualities. As compared with hybrid indica rice, inbred japonica rice had lower coefficient of variation values for grain shape, mild rice percentage, and head rice percentage, but relatively higher coefficient of variation values for chalkiness traits, appearance, and taste value of cooked rice. A principal component analysis and membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate the qualities of rice. The overall eating quality value by sensory evaluation and head rice percentage explained 61.3% and 67.9% of the variations in comprehensive quality of hybrid indica rice and inbred japonica rice across different nitrogen levels, respectively. We also found that rice comprehensive quality was better under low nitrogen levels for hybrid indica rice, while for inbred japonica rice, properly increasing nitrogen application could improve the comprehensive quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Congshan Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xikun Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cambula Elidio
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-84390307 (J.Y.); +86-25-84396475 (G.L.)
| | - Ganghua Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-84390307 (J.Y.); +86-25-84396475 (G.L.)
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10
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Ma K, Zhao L, Zhao X, Li X, Dong S, Zhang L, Guo P, Yuan X, Diao X. The relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality of high-quality foxtail millet "Jingu 21". Food Res Int 2023; 163:112225. [PMID: 36596154 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The commercial quality of foxtail millet grain (Setaria italica L.) includes appearance quality, functional quality, and cooking and eating quality, which directly determine whether consumers will purchase the product. We studied the relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality attributes of foxtail millet "Jingu 21" from twelve production areas. The results showed that altitude, latitude, and diurnal temperature range were negatively correlated with b*, total flavones content (TFC), setback (SB), consistence (CS) and pasting temperature (PTM), but positively correlated with L/B and breakdown (BD). In contrast, average temperature, average precipitation, average humidity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium had positive effects on 1,000-grain weight (KGW), b*, TFC, CS, and PTM and had a negative impact on L/B and BD. Climate factors had a greater effect on the commercial quality of foxtail millet than soil factors, and the influence of climatic factors was particularly obvious in the early and middle growth periods. The multivariate equation between ecological factors and the comprehensive score of foxtail millet commercial quality is Y = 1,159.745-4.496X1 (altitude) + 19.529X5 (≥10℃ effective accumulated temperature) - 166.327X10 (organic matters). In conclusion, high temperature and precipitation are conducive to high quality appearance and the accumulation of functional substances, while a high diurnal temperature range and high soil nutrients are conducive to the formation of cooking and eating quality. The impact of ecological factors on foxtail millet quality is complicated and it is essential to select a cultivation site that is matched to the intended use of the foxtail millet being produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiatong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Liguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Li F, Zhang F, Wu L, Xu N, Sun Q, Chen H, Yu Z, Lu J, Jiang K, Wang X, Wen S, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Jiang Q, Wang J, Jia R, Sun J, Tang L, Xu H, Hu W, Xu Z, Chen W, Guo A, Xu Q. Time-ordering japonica/geng genomes analysis indicates the importance of large structural variants in rice breeding. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:202-218. [PMID: 36196761 PMCID: PMC9829401 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperate japonica/geng (GJ) rice yield has significantly improved due to intensive breeding efforts, dramatically enhancing global food security. However, little is known about the underlying genomic structural variations (SVs) responsible for this improvement. We compared 58 long-read assemblies comprising cultivated and wild rice species in the present study, revealing 156 319 SVs. The phylogenomic analysis based on the SV dataset detected the putatively selected region of GJ sub-populations. A significant portion of the detected SVs overlapped with genic regions were found to influence the expression of involved genes inside GJ assemblies. Integrating the SVs and causal genetic variants underlying agronomic traits into the analysis enables the precise identification of breeding signatures resulting from complex breeding histories aimed at stress tolerance, yield potential and quality improvement. Further, the results demonstrated genomic and genetic evidence that the SV in the promoter of LTG1 is accounting for chilling sensitivity, and the increased copy numbers of GNP1 were associated with positive effects on grain number. In summary, the current study provides genomic resources for retracing the properties of SVs-shaped agronomic traits during previous breeding procedures, which will assist future genetic, genomic and breeding research on rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lian Wu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Na Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qi Sun
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhiwen Yu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jiahao Lu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Kai Jiang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoche Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Siyu Wen
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Yao Zhou
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Qian Jiang
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | | | - Ruizong Jia
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Liang Tang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Hai Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Hu
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Anping Guo
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off‐Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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12
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Tu D, Wu W, Xi M, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Chen J, Shao C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. Effect of Temperature and Radiation on Indica Rice Yield and Quality in Middle Rice Cropping System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2697. [PMID: 36297721 PMCID: PMC9607267 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated in a wide range of climatic conditions, thereby inducing great variations in the rice growth, yield and quality. However, the comprehensive effects of temperature and solar radiation under different ecological regions on the rice growth, yield and quality are not well understood, especially in a middle rice cropping system. The rice growth, yield- and quality-related traits were investigated under different ecological regions. Among different areas, the days before the heading stage and after the heading stage of six cultivars ranged from 80 to 120 and from 30 to 50. The gaps of the grain yield, head rice rate, chalky grain rate and chalkiness level were about 1.2-52.4%, 1.0-3.0%, 2.7-12.7% and 0.3-4.5%, respectively. This study demonstrated that in these regions, temperature is a limiting factor compared with radiation. Moreover, the rice growth, yield and quality were closely associated with daily air (DT), maximum (MaT), minimum (MiT) and effective accumulated temperatures (EAT). An excellent rice growth, a high grain yield and an excellent quality could be achieved if the EAT was higher than 1592 °C·d and the MiT was lower than 23.1 °C before the heading stage, and if the DT, MiT and MaT were lower than 25.7 °C, 22.0 °C and 30 °C after the heading stage, respectively. These findings served as an important reference for optimizing cultivar selection for a specific area and determining suitable areas for a certain variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Tu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenge Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Min Xi
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Youzun Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Anhui Agrometeorological Institute, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Caihong Shao
- Red Soil Engineering and Technology Center, Soil and Fertilizer & Resource and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Key Laboratory of Regulation and Control of Crop Growth and Development, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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13
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Zhang L, Tang Q, Li L, Xu H, Zheng H, Wang J, Hua Y, Ren L, Tang J. Ratoon rice with direct seeding improves soil carbon sequestration in rice fields and increases grain quality. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115374. [PMID: 35751234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing both carbon (C) sequestration and food production is essential for a sustainable future. However, increasing soil C sequestration or graining yield/quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems has been a tradeoff in that pursuing one goal may compromise the other goal. Field experiments were designed to evaluate methane emission and grain yield in two rice systems in southern China, including the traditional double rice with a seedling transplanting system and innovative ratoon rice with a direct seeding system. Grain yield, grain quality, methane (CH4) emission, and total organic carbon (TOC) loss rate were investigated, and yield-scaled CH4 gas emission was assessed. It is found that double rice has a higher grain yield than ratoon rice. However, the grain quality (processing, appearance of chalkiness degree and chalky grain percentage, and nutritional quality) of ratoon rice is superior to double rice, especially the ratoon crop. The yield-scaled CH4 emission of ratoon rice (0.06 kg kg-1) decreased by 49.29% than double rice (0.12 kg kg-1) throughout the growth period. Compared with the TOC loss rate of double rice (2.95 g kg-1), the rate of ratoon rice was lower (1.97 g kg-1). As a result, ratoon rice with direct seeding can not only improve grain quality but also mitigate yield-scaled CH4 gas emission and TOC loss rate of rice fields. Therefore, we suggest to use ratoon rice with a direct seeding technique to promote agricultural C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Huaqin Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Huabing Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jilong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yujie Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
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14
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Genome sequencing and genetic analysis of recombinant inbred lines reveals important agronomic traits related loci under different nitrogen fertilization. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4545-4553. [PMID: 35262821 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensive application of inorganic nitrogen has contributed to increasing the crop yield with the risk of environmental damage. High nitrogen fertilizer requirements are a long-standing problem in japonica cultivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 200 recombinant inbred lines derived from two representative japonica varieties of Japanese and Chinese varieties, Akitakomachi and Liaogeng5, respectively, were planted under different nitrogen fertilization conditions. The relationships among nitrogen fertilization, genetic background, and important agronomic traits were surveyed through the phenotypic investigation and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that the yield components of Akitakomachi dramatically decreased along with the nitrogen reduction, whereas those of Liaogeng5 exhibited a slight decrease. The appearance quality and milling quality of both Akitakomachi and Liaogeng5 were improved, especially Liaogeng5. The recombinant inbred lines (RILs) showed similar trends to their parental lines. The QTLs analysis of important agronomic traits detected 17 loci, one QTL clustering located on chromosome 9 that corresponded to the plant height, panicle angle, grain number per panicle, harvest index, and taste value was identified to be synonymous with a previously reported gene, DEP1. The function of DEP1 was verified by a knock-out mutant constructed by CRISPR/Cas9. The dep1 mutant exhibited improved grain quality without severe yield penalty under nitrogen reduction conditions. CONCLUSION The results of the present study provide useful information for the improvement of food security by enhancing nitrogen use efficiency.
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Sangwongchai W, Krusong K, Thitisaksakul M. Salt tolerance at vegetative stage is partially associated with changes in grain quality and starch physicochemical properties of rice exposed to salinity stress at reproductive stage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:370-382. [PMID: 34139029 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice yield and grain quality are highly sensitive to soil salinity. Distinct rice genotypes respond to salinity stress differently. To explore the variation in grain yield and grain trait adaptation to moderate, reproductive-stage salinity stress (4 dS/m electrical conductivity), four rice cultivars differing in degrees of vegetative salt tolerance, including Pokkali (salt-tolerant), RD15 (moderately salt-tolerant), KDML105 (moderately salt-susceptible) and IR29 (salt-susceptible), were examined. RESULTS Grain fertility and 100-grain weight of RD15, KDML105 and IR29, as well as grain morphology of KDML105 and IR29, were significantly disturbed. Interestingly, grain starch accumulation in RD15 and KDML105 was enhanced under stress. However, only RD15 showed changes in starch physicochemical properties, including increased granule diameter, decreased gelatinization peak temperature (Tp ) and decreased retrogradation onset temperature (To ). Notably, Pokkali maintained productivity, grain quality, and starch properties, while the grain quality of IR29 remained unchanged under salinity stress. Multivariate analysis displayed clear separation of productivity, grain morphology, and starch variables of RD15 in the salt-treated group relative to the control group, suggesting that it was the cultivar most impacted by salt stress despite its moderate salt-tolerance at vegetative stage. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate specific salinity responses among the rice genotypes, and suggest discrepancies between degrees of salt tolerance at vegetative stage versus the ability to maintain both grain quality and starch properties in response to salinity stress imposed at reproductive stage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichian Sangwongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maysaya Thitisaksakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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16
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Yield, Grain Quality, and Starch Physicochemical Properties of 2 Elite Thai Rice Cultivars Grown under Varying Production Systems and Soil Characteristics. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112601. [PMID: 34828879 PMCID: PMC8620510 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25–36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25–36 and DP ≥ 37), C-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6–12 and DP 13–24), B- and A-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches.
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Kumar N, Chhokar RS, Meena RP, Kharub AS, Gill SC, Tripathi SC, Gupta OP, Mangrauthia SK, Sundaram RM, Sawant CP, Gupta A, Naorem A, Kumar M, Singh GP. Challenges and opportunities in productivity and sustainability of rice cultivation system: a critical review in Indian perspective. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 50:573-601. [PMID: 34642509 PMCID: PMC8498983 DOI: 10.1007/s42976-021-00214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rice-wheat cropping system, intensively followed in Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), played a prominent role in fulfilling the food grains demand of the increasing population of South Asia. In northern Indian plains, some practices such as intensive rice cultivation with traditional method for long-term have been associated with severe deterioration of natural resources, declining factor productivity, multiple nutrients deficiencies, depleting groundwater, labour scarcity and higher cost of cultivation, putting the agricultural sustainability in question. Varietal development, soil and water management, and adoption of resource conservation technologies in rice cultivation are the key interventions areas to address these challenges. The cultivation of lesser water requiring crops, replacing rice in light-textured soil and rainfed condition, should be encouraged through policy interventions. Direct seeding of short duration, high-yielding and stress tolerant rice varieties with water conservation technologies can be a successful approach to improve the input use efficiency in rice cultivation under medium-heavy-textured soils. Moreover, integrated approach of suitable cultivars for conservation agriculture, mechanized transplanting on zero-tilled/unpuddled field and need-based application of water, fertilizer and chemicals might be a successful approach for sustainable rice production system in the current scenario. In this review study, various challenges in productivity and sustainability of rice cultivation system and possible alternatives and solutions to overcome such challenges are discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - R. S. Chhokar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - R. P. Meena
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - A. S. Kharub
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - S. C. Gill
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - S. C. Tripathi
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - O. P. Gupta
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - S. K. Mangrauthia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - R. M. Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - C. P. Sawant
- ICAR- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462038 India
| | - Ajita Gupta
- ICAR- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462038 India
| | - Anandkumar Naorem
- ICAR- Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station-Kukma, Bhuj, Gujarat 370105 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
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Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Regional Centre, Chandigarh, 160019 India
| | - G. P. Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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Chen M, Li Z, Huang J, Yan Y, Wu T, Bian M, Zhou J, Wang Y, Lyv Y, Hu G, Jin YM, Huang K, Guo L, Jiang W, Du X. Dissecting the meteorological and genetic factors affecting rice grain quality in Northeast China. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:975-986. [PMID: 34169463 PMCID: PMC8292277 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The Northeast Plain of China, which is an important region for the production of high grain quality rice in China. However, the grain quality of the rice produced varies across this region, even for the same cultivar. Objective In order to explore the meteorological factors that have the greatest influence on quality and the transcriptional level differences between different cultivars and different locations at grain filling stage. Methods We grew eight rice cultivars in three locations in Northeast China during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). We recorded meteorological conditions, including air temperature, air temperature range, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the grain-filling stage of each cultivar, and analyzed the grain quality of those eight cultivars. Results Across all eight cultivars, meteorological factors had a stronger effect on eating quality than genotype, while genotype had a stronger effect on milling quality. Of the three environmental factors assessed, PAR was significantly correlated with the most grain quality traits. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified 573 environment-specific DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes), and 119 genotype-specific DEGs; 11 DEGs were responsive to genotype × environment interactions. These DEGs were involved in many key metabolic processes. Conclusion Our results indicated that interactions among environmental factors, especially PAR, affected rice quality in Northeast China. Further analyses of the DEGs identified herein may provide useful information for future breeding programs aiming to develop high grain quality rice varieties suitable for cultivation across Northeast China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13258-021-01121-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojun Chen
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Huazhi Rice Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yongfeng Yan
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mingdi Bian
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jinsong Zhou
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yanjie Lyv
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yong-Mei Jin
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wenzhu Jiang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Recent Insights into Anthocyanin Pigmentation, Synthesis, Trafficking, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Caryopsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030394. [PMID: 33800105 PMCID: PMC8001509 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are antioxidants used as natural colorants and are beneficial to human health. Anthocyanins contribute to reactive oxygen species detoxification and sustain plant growth and development under different environmental stresses. They are phenolic compounds that are broadly distributed in nature and are responsible for a wide range of attractive coloration in many plant organs. Anthocyanins are found in various parts of plants such as flowers, leaves, stems, shoots, and grains. Considering their nutritional and health attributes, anthocyanin-enriched rice or pigmented rice cultivars are a possible alternative to reduce malnutrition around the globe. Anthocyanin biosynthesis and storage in rice are complex processes in which several structural and regulatory genes are involved. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the molecular and genetic mechanism of anthocyanins, and their synthesis is of great interest to researchers and the scientific community. However, limited studies have reported anthocyanin synthesis, transportation, and environmental conditions that can hinder anthocyanin production in rice. Rice is a staple food around the globe, and further research on anthocyanin in rice warrants more attention. In this review, metabolic and pre-biotic activities, the underlying transportation, and storage mechanisms of anthocyanins in rice are discussed in detail. This review provides potential information for the food industry and clues for rice breeding and genetic engineering of rice.
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21
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Xu X, Li X, Li Z, Li Y, Chen K, Wu L, Fa Y, Xu Z, Xu Q. Effects of Genetic Background and Environmental Conditions on Amylopectin Chain-Length Distribution in a Recombinant Inbred Line of an Inter-subspecies Rice Cross. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7444-7452. [PMID: 32551583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amylopectin is an essential starch property, and the chain-length distribution of amylopectin (APCLD) is closely associated with the eating and cooking quality of rice. In this study, a series of recombinant inbred lines derived from an indica/japonica cross were planted in four areas with distinct ecological conditions (LN, SC, JS, and GD), and the relationship among APCLD, environmental factors, and genetic background was analyzed. The results showed that APCLD was strongly influenced by environmental factors, which dynamically changed from heading to the mature stage. The solar radiation, luminous flux, and light hours were positively correlated with Fa but negatively correlated with Fb1 and Fb2. The temperature was negatively correlated with Fa and Fb1 but positively correlated with Fb2 and Fb3. The temperature was the primary factor affecting APCLD, followed by humidity and light. There was no significant correlation between the indica pedigree percentage and APCLD. Furthermore, we detected six quantitative trait loci related to Fa, Fb1, Fb2, and Fb3 chains, several of which shared a similar region to previously reported loci, including DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1). The truncated dep1 allele increased Fa, Fb2, and Fb3 but decreased Fb1 in LN, whereas Fa was decreased but Fb1 and Fb2 were increased in JS. Elucidating the effects of climate factors and genetic background on APCLD could provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for high-quality rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiukun Li
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Agricultural Genomics in Statute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Wu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Fa
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
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22
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How Does the Control of Grain Purchase Price Affect the Sustainability of the National Grain Industry? One Empirical Study from China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important grain protection policies in China, the minimum purchase price policy prevents the fluctuation of grain output and protects the interests of farmers by regulating the prices of major grain varieties. For developing countries with a shortage of agricultural resources, represented by China, an in-depth study on the implementation effect and public satisfaction of this policy is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the grain industry. Based on the interest demands of the government, farmers, grain enterprises and consumers, this paper constructs a policy satisfaction evaluation model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. The research shows that the implementation effect of this policy has promoted the sustainable development of China’s grain in four aspects: improving farmers’ enthusiasm for planting, optimizing the structure of supply and demand, reducing the adverse impact of disasters, and ensuring the steady increase of output. However, due to the differences in natural resources and folk customs, the implementation effect of this policy varies in different regions.
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Xu X, Xu Z, Matsue Y, Xu Q. Effects of Genetic Background and Environmental Conditions on Texture Properties in a Recombinant Inbred Population of an Inter-Subspecies Cross. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:32. [PMID: 31073677 PMCID: PMC6509310 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating and cooking quality have become ever more important breeding goals due to high levels of economic growth in Asia in recent decades. Cooked rice texture properties such as hardness, stickiness, and springiness are appealing to human mastication and directly reflect eating and cooking quality, and texture is strongly affected by genetic background and environmental conditions. RESULTS In this study, a series of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from an indica/japonica cross were planted into four typical rice-cultivated areas. The relationships between the environment, texture, and genetic background of the RILs were investigated. The results showed that hardness, stickiness, and springiness strongly correlated with amylose and protein contents. Texture was strongly affected by environmental factors, which dynamically changed from the heading to the mature stage. Interestingly, the effect of environmental factors became weaker with decreasing latitude. The hardness and stickiness increased with the decrease of latitude, whereas springiness exhibited the opposite trend. The indica pedigree percentage did not significant correlated with hardness, stickiness and springiness. We detected 19 QTLs related to hardness, stickiness, and springiness, several of which share a similar region with a previously reported locus related to starch synthesis. Moreover, we revealed that DEP1 might affect taste through regulating amylopectin chain length distribution. CONCLUSIONS The present study evaluated the effects of environmental factors and genetic background to texture of cooked rice. These results provide insights into the eating and cooking quality of rice, which can be improved through sub-species crosses for different ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuji Matsue
- Kyushu University Global Innovation Center, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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24
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Fei C, Geng X, Xu Z, Xu Q. Multiple areas investigation reveals the genes related to vascular bundles in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:17. [PMID: 30900100 PMCID: PMC6428884 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular bundle in the panicle neck is a crucial trait in rice (Oryza sativa) production that differs between the indica and japonica subspecies. However, the effect of indica/japonica genetic background on the vascular bundles remains unknown. RESULTS A series of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between japonica and indica were planted in three areas. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to determine the indica pedigree percentage and for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. The indica pedigree affected the number of large vascular bundles (LVBs), but not the number of small vascular bundles (SVBs). QTL analysis identified a locus (qLVB9) that was pleiotropic for both LVBs and SVBs in all three areas, and qLVB9 appeared synonymous with DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1). Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and gene overexpression technology, we confirmed that the truncated dep1 allele increased the number of LVBs, and resulted in LVBs more closely associated to the indica pedigree. RNA sequencing showed that the truncated dep1 allele downregulated the AP2-like gene family. The double mutant for the DEP1 and AP2-like genes (OsAP2-39) showed decreased endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level and insensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment, confirming that both DEP1 and OsAP2-39 are involved in the ABA response mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the qLVB9/DEP1 affects LVBs, and involved in ABA signaling via regulating the AP2-like gene family. These results offer new insights into the function of qLVB9/DEP1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fei
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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25
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Pinciroli M, Domínguez-Perles R, Garbi M, Abellán A, Oger C, Durand T, Galano JM, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A. Impact of Salicylic Acid Content and Growing Environment on Phytoprostane and Phytofuran (Stress Biomarkers) in Oryza sativa L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12561-12570. [PMID: 30384603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are oxylipins synthesized by nonenzymatic peroxidation of α-linolenic acid. These compounds are biomarkers of oxidative degradation in plant foods. In this research, the effect of environment and supplementation with salicylic acid (SA) on PhytoPs and PhytoFs was monitored by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS) on seven rice genotypes from Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica. The plastic cover environment and spray application with 1 and 15 mM SA produced a reduction in the concentration of most of these newly established stress biomarkers [9-F1t-PhytoP, ent-16-F1t-PhytoP, ent-16- epi-16-F1t-PhytoP, 9-D1t-PhytoP, 9- epi-9-D1t-PhytoP, 16-B1-PhytoP, 9-L1-PhytoP, ent-16( RS)-9- epi-ST-Δ14-10-PhytoF, ent-9( RS)-12- epi-ST-Δ10-13-PhytoF, and ent-16( RS)-13- epi-ST-Δ14-9-PhytoF] by 60.7% on average. The modification observed in the level of PhytoPs and PhytoFs differed according to the specific oxylipins and genotype, demonstrating a close linkage between genetic features and resistance to abiotic stress, to some extent mediated by the sensitivity of plants to the plant hormone SA that participates in the physiological response of higher plants to stress. Thus, in plants exposed to stressing factors, SA contribute to modulating the redox balance, minimizing the oxidation of fatty acids and thus the syntheis of oxylipins. These results indicated that SA could be a promising tool for managing the thermotolerance of rice crop. However, it remains necessary to study the mechanism of action of PhytoPs and PhytoFs in biochemical processes related to the defense of plants and define their role as stress biomarkers through a nonenzymatic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinciroli
- Cátedra de Climatología y Fenología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales , Universidad Nacional de la Plata , Calle 60 y 119 , 1900 La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - R Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Campus de Espinardo 25 , 30100 Espinardo , Spain
| | - M Garbi
- Cátedra de Climatología y Fenología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales , Universidad Nacional de la Plata , Calle 60 y 119 , 1900 La Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - A Abellán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Campus de Espinardo 25 , 30100 Espinardo , Spain
| | - C Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 , University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - T Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 , University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - J M Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247 , University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - F Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Campus de Espinardo 25 , 30100 Espinardo , Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Campus de Espinardo 25 , 30100 Espinardo , Spain
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Li X, Wu L, Wang J, Sun J, Xia X, Geng X, Wang X, Xu Z, Xu Q. Genome sequencing of rice subspecies and genetic analysis of recombinant lines reveals regional yield- and quality-associated loci. BMC Biol 2018; 16:102. [PMID: 30227868 PMCID: PMC6145349 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two of the most widely cultivated rice strains are Oryza sativa indica and O. sativa japonica, and understanding the genetic basis of their agronomic traits is of importance for crop production. These two species are highly distinct in terms of geographical distribution and morphological traits. However, the relationship among genetic background, ecological conditions, and agronomic traits is unclear. RESULTS In this study, we performed the de novo assembly of a high-quality genome of SN265, a cultivar that is extensively cultivated as a backbone japonica parent in northern China, using single-molecule sequencing. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between SN265 and R99 (indica) were re-sequenced and cultivated in three distinct ecological conditions. We identify 79 QTLs related to 15 agronomic traits. We found that several genes underwent functional alterations when the ecological conditions were changed, and some alleles exhibited contracted responses to different genetic backgrounds. We validated the involvement of one candidate gene, DEP1, in determining panicle length, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information on the suitable environmental conditions, and genetic background, for functional genes in rice breeding. Moreover, the public availability of the reference genome of northern japonica SN265 provides a valuable resource for plant biologists and the genetic improvement of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Li
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Lian Wu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, 101300 China
| | - Jian Sun
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Xiuhong Xia
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Xin Geng
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Xuhong Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
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