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Khorshid Sokhangouy S, Alizadeh F, Lotfi M, Sharif S, Ashouri A, Yoosefi Y, Bozorg Qomi S, Abbaszadegan MR. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas systems for colorectal cancer research and therapeutics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024:1-26. [PMID: 39132997 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2388777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colon cancer, ranked as the fourth leading global cause of cancer death, exhibits a complex progression marked by genetic variations. Over the past decade, the utilization of diverse CRISPR systems has propelled accelerated research into colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. AREAS COVERED CRISPR/Cas9, a key player in this research, identifies new oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), and drug-resistance genes. Additionally, it facilitates the construction of experimental models, conducts genome-wide library screening, and develops new therapeutic targets, especially for targeted knockout in vivo or molecular targeted drug delivery, contributing to personalized treatments and significantly enhancing the care of colon cancer patients. In this review, we provide insights into the mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, offering a comprehensive exploration of its applications in CRC, spanning screening, modeling, gene functions, diagnosis, and gene therapy. While acknowledging its transformative potential, the article highlights the challenges and limitations of CRISPR systems. EXPERT OPINION The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in CRC research provides a promising avenue for personalized treatments. Its potential for identifying key genes and enabling experimental models and genome-wide screening enhances patient care. This review underscores the significance of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology across basic research, diagnosis, and the treatment landscape of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sharif
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ashouri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasamin Yoosefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Bozorg Qomi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Reginato G, Dello Stritto MR, Wang Y, Hao J, Pavani R, Schmitz M, Halder S, Morin V, Cannavo E, Ceppi I, Braunshier S, Acharya A, Ropars V, Charbonnier JB, Jinek M, Nussenzweig A, Ha T, Cejka P. HLTF disrupts Cas9-DNA post-cleavage complexes to allow DNA break processing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5789. [PMID: 38987539 PMCID: PMC11237066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The outcome of CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome modifications is dependent on DNA double-strand break (DSB) processing and repair pathway choice. Homology-directed repair (HDR) of protein-blocked DSBs requires DNA end resection that is initiated by the endonuclease activity of the MRE11 complex. Using reconstituted reactions, we show that Cas9 breaks are unexpectedly not directly resectable by the MRE11 complex. In contrast, breaks catalyzed by Cas12a are readily processed. Cas9, unlike Cas12a, bridges the broken ends, preventing DSB detection and processing by MRE11. We demonstrate that Cas9 must be dislocated after DNA cleavage to allow DNA end resection and repair. Using single molecule and bulk biochemical assays, we next find that the HLTF translocase directly removes Cas9 from broken ends, which allows DSB processing by DNA end resection or non-homologous end-joining machineries. Mechanistically, the activity of HLTF requires its HIRAN domain and the release of the 3'-end generated by the cleavage of the non-target DNA strand by the Cas9 RuvC domain. Consequently, HLTF removes the H840A but not the D10A Cas9 nickase. The removal of Cas9 H840A by HLTF explains the different cellular impact of the two Cas9 nickase variants in human cells, with potential implications for gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Reginato
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rosaria Dello Stritto
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Biophysics & Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jingzhou Hao
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Raphael Pavani
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Swagata Halder
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Biological Systems Engineering, Plaksha University, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Vincent Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elda Cannavo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Ceppi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Braunshier
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ananya Acharya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Ropars
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrè Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics & Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Petr Cejka
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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S. V. S, Augustine D, Mushtaq S, Baeshen HA, Ashi H, Hassan RN, Alshahrani M, Patil S. Revitalizing oral cancer research: Crispr-Cas9 technology the promise of genetic editing. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383062. [PMID: 38915370 PMCID: PMC11194394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents an in-depth analysis of the immense potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in revolutionizing oral cancer research. It underscores the inherent limitations of conventional treatments while emphasizing the pressing need for groundbreaking approaches. The unparalleled capability of CRISPR-Cas9 to precisely target and modify specific genes involved in cancer progression heralds a new era in therapeutic intervention. Employing genome-wide CRISPR screens, vulnerabilities in oral cancer cells can be identified, thereby unravelling promising targets for therapeutic interventions. In the realm of oral cancer, the disruptive power of CRISPR-Cas9 manifests through its capacity to perturb genes that are intricately associated with drug resistance, consequently augmenting the efficacy of chemotherapy. To address the challenges that arise, this review diligently examines pertinent issues such as off-target effects, efficient delivery mechanisms, and the ethical considerations surrounding germline editing. Through precise gene editing, facilitated by CRISPR/Cas9, it becomes possible to overcome drug resistance by rectifying mutations, thereby enhancing the efficacy of personalized treatment strategies. This review delves into the prospects of CRISPR-Cas9, illuminating its potential applications in the domains of medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. It is paramount to emphasize the necessity of ongoing research endeavors and the imperative to develop targeted therapies tailored specifically for oral cancer. By embracing this comprehensive overview, we can pave the way for ground-breaking treatments that instill renewed hope for enhanced outcomes in individuals afflicted by oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya S. V.
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dental Health Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Nabil Hassan
- Biological Sciences Department (Genome), Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
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AMJAD ELHAM, PEZZANI RAFFAELE, SOKOUTI BABAK. A review of the literature on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Res 2024; 32:439-461. [PMID: 38361756 PMCID: PMC10865741 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.044473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs instruct the Cas9 nuclease to site-specifically cleave DNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Despite the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the patient's outcome is poor. As a result of the emergence of therapeutic resistance in HCC patients, clinicians have faced difficulties in treating such tumor. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 screens were used to identify genes that improve the clinical response of HCC patients. It is the objective of this article to summarize the current understanding of the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the treatment of cancer, with a particular emphasis on HCC as part of the current state of knowledge. Thus, in order to locate recent developments in oncology research, we examined both the Scopus database and the PubMed database. The ability to selectively interfere with gene expression in combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 screening can lead to the discovery of new effective HCC treatment regimens by combining clinically approved drugs. Drug resistance can be overcome with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. HCC signature genes and resistance to treatment have been uncovered by genome-scale CRISPR activation screening, although this method is not without limitations. It has been extensively examined whether CRISPR can be used as a tool for disease research and gene therapy. CRISPR and its applications to tumor research, particularly in HCC, are examined in this study through a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELHAM AMJAD
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665813, Iran
| | - RAFFAELE PEZZANI
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy
- Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di Base, Associazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Oncologica Di Base, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - BABAK SOKOUTI
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665813, Iran
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Chehelgerdi M, Chehelgerdi M, Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi M, Shafieizadeh M, Mahmoudi E, Eskandari F, Rashidi M, Arshi A, Mokhtari-Farsani A. Comprehensive review of CRISPR-based gene editing: mechanisms, challenges, and applications in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:9. [PMID: 38195537 PMCID: PMC10775503 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR system is a revolutionary genome editing tool that has the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer research and therapy. The ability to precisely target and edit specific genetic mutations that drive the growth and spread of tumors has opened up new possibilities for the development of more effective and personalized cancer treatments. In this review, we will discuss the different CRISPR-based strategies that have been proposed for cancer therapy, including inactivating genes that drive tumor growth, enhancing the immune response to cancer cells, repairing genetic mutations that cause cancer, and delivering cancer-killing molecules directly to tumor cells. We will also summarize the current state of preclinical studies and clinical trials of CRISPR-based cancer therapy, highlighting the most promising results and the challenges that still need to be overcome. Safety and delivery are also important challenges for CRISPR-based cancer therapy to become a viable clinical option. We will discuss the challenges and limitations that need to be overcome, such as off-target effects, safety, and delivery to the tumor site. Finally, we will provide an overview of the current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-based cancer therapy and discuss future directions for research and development. The CRISPR system has the potential to change the landscape of cancer research, and this review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the field and the challenges that need to be overcome to realize this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Mahmoudi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Faculty of Molecular and Cellular Biology -Genetics, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Asghar Arshi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Mokhtari-Farsani
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Kharbikar L, Konwarh R, Chakraborty M, Nandanwar S, Marathe A, Yele Y, Ghosh PK, Sanan-Mishra N, Singh AP. 3Bs of CRISPR-Cas mediated genome editing in plants: exploring the basics, bioinformatics and biosafety landscape. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1825-1850. [PMID: 38222286 PMCID: PMC10784264 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The recent thrust in research has projected the type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system as an avant-garde plant genome editing tool. It facilitates the induction of site-specific double-stranded DNA cleavage by the RNA-guided DNA endonuclease (RGEN), Cas9. Elimination, addition, or alteration of sections in DNA sequence besides the creation of a knockout genotype (CRISPRko) is aided by the CRISPR-Cas9 system in its wild form (wtCas9). The inactivation of the nuclease domain generates a dead Cas9 (dCas9), which is capable of targeting genomic DNA without scissoring it. The dCas9 system can be engineered by fusing it with different effectors to facilitate transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) and transcriptional interference (CRISPRi). CRISPR-Cas thus holds tremendous prospects as a genome-manipulating stratagem for a wide gamut of crops. In this article, we present a brief on the fundamentals and the general workflow of the CRISPR-Cas system followed by an overview of the prospects of bioinformatics in propelling CRISPR-Cas research with a special thrust on the available databases and algorithms/web-accessible applications that have aided in increasing the usage and efficiency of editing. The article also provides an update on the current regulatory landscape in different countries on the CRISPR-Cas edited plants to emphasize the far-reaching impact of the genomic editing technology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01397-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kharbikar
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (NIBSM), Raipur, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Baba Kinaram Research Foundation (BKRF), Bramsthan, Mau, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Monoswi Chakraborty
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Nandanwar
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (NIBSM), Raipur, India
| | - Ashish Marathe
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (NIBSM), Raipur, India
| | - Yogesh Yele
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (NIBSM), Raipur, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ghosh
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management (NIBSM), Raipur, India
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Pratap Singh
- Baba Kinaram Research Foundation (BKRF), Bramsthan, Mau, Uttar Pradesh India
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Pagis A, Alfi O, Kinreich S, Yilmaz A, Hamdan M, Gadban A, Panet A, Wolf DG, Benvenisty N. Genome-wide loss-of-function screen using human pluripotent stem cells to study virus-host interactions for SARS-CoV-2. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1766-1774. [PMID: 37703821 PMCID: PMC10545482 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, has become a global health concern. Therefore, there is an immense need to understand the network of virus-host interactions by using human disease-relevant cells. We have thus conducted a loss-of-function genome-wide screen using haploid human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to identify genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the undifferentiated hESCs are resistant to SARS-CoV-2, their differentiated definitive endoderm (DE) progenies, which express high levels of ACE2, are highly sensitive to the virus. Our genetic screening was able to identify the well-established entry receptor ACE2 as a host factor, along with additional potential novel modulators of SARS-CoV-2. Two such novel screen hits, the transcription factor MAFG and the transmembrane protein TMEM86A, were further validated as conferring resistance against SARS-CoV-2 by using CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis in hESCs, followed by differentiation of mutant lines into DE cells and infection by SARS-CoV-2. Our genome-wide genetic screening investigated SARS-CoV-2 host factors in non-cancerous human cells with endogenous ACE2 expression, providing a unique platform to identify novel modulators of SARS-CoV-2 cytopathology in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Pagis
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Or Alfi
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Shay Kinreich
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Atilgan Yilmaz
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marah Hamdan
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Aseel Gadban
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Dana G Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91121, Israel.
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Hussen BM, Rasul MF, Abdullah SR, Hidayat HJ, Faraj GSH, Ali FA, Salihi A, Baniahmad A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Rahman M, Glassy MC, Branicki W, Taheri M. Targeting miRNA by CRISPR/Cas in cancer: advantages and challenges. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:32. [PMID: 37460924 PMCID: PMC10351202 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has changed biomedical research and provided entirely new models to analyze every aspect of biomedical sciences during the last decade. In the study of cancer, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system opens new avenues into issues that were once unknown in our knowledge of the noncoding genome, tumor heterogeneity, and precision medicines. CRISPR/Cas-based gene-editing technology now allows for the precise and permanent targeting of mutations and provides an opportunity to target small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the development of effective and safe cancer gene editing therapy is highly dependent on proper design to be innocuous to normal cells and prevent introducing other abnormalities. This study aims to highlight the cutting-edge approaches in cancer-gene editing therapy based on the CRISPR/Cas technology to target miRNAs in cancer therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the potential challenges in CRISPR/Cas-mediated miRNA gene editing and offer advanced strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001 Iraq
| | - Fattma Abodi Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, 44001 Iraq
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 374-37515 Iran
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 22100 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mark C. Glassy
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 94720 USA
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 374-37515 Iran
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9
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Maity S, Mukherjee R, Banerjee S. Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies Using CRISPR Genome Editing Technique for the Treatment of Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:206-226. [PMID: 35999480 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR genome editing technique has the potential to target cancer cells in a precise manner. The latest advancements have helped to address one of the prominent concerns about this strategy which is the off-target integrations observed with dsDNA and have resulted in more studies being carried out for potentially safer and more targeted gene therapy, so as to make it available for the clinical trials in order to effectively treat cancer. CRISPR screens offer great potential for the high throughput investigation of the gene functionality in various tumors. It extends its capability to identify the tumor growth essential genes, therapeutic resistant genes, and immunotherapeutic responses. CRISPR screens are mostly performed in in vitro models, but latest advancements focus on developing in vivo models to view cancer progression in animal models. It also allows the detection of factors responsible for tumorigenesis. In CRISPR screens key parameters are optimized in order to meet proficient gene targeting efficiencies. It also detects various molecular effectors required for gene regulation in different cancers, essential pathways which modulate cytotoxicity to immunotherapy in cancer cells, important genes which contribute to cancer cell survival in hypoxic states and modulate cancer long non-coding RNAs. The current review focuses on the recent developments in the therapeutic application of CRISPR technology for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the associated challenges and safety concerns along with the various strategies that can be implemented to overcome these drawbacks has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Maity
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rishyani Mukherjee
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Mohammadian Gol T, Ureña-Bailén G, Hou Y, Sinn R, Antony JS, Handgretinger R, Mezger M. CRISPR medicine for blood disorders: Progress and challenges in delivery. Front Genome Ed 2023; 4:1037290. [PMID: 36687779 PMCID: PMC9853164 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1037290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood disorders are a group of diseases including hematological neoplasms, clotting disorders and orphan immune deficiency diseases that affects human health. Current improvements in genome editing based therapeutics demonstrated preclinical and clinical proof to treat different blood disorders. Genome editing components such as Cas nucleases, guide RNAs and base editors are supplied in the form of either a plasmid, an mRNA, or a ribonucleoprotein complex. The most common delivery vehicles for such components include viral vectors (e.g., AAVs and RV), non-viral vectors (e.g., LNPs and polymers) and physical delivery methods (e.g., electroporation and microinjection). Each of the delivery vehicles specified above has its own advantages and disadvantages and the development of a safe transferring method for ex vivo and in vivo application of genome editing components is still a big challenge. Moreover, the delivery of genome editing payload to the target blood cells possess key challenges to provide a possible cure for patients with inherited monogenic blood diseases and hematological neoplastic tumors. Here, we critically review and summarize the progress and challenges related to the delivery of genome editing elements to relevant blood cells in an ex vivo or in vivo setting. In addition, we have attempted to provide a future clinical perspective of genome editing to treat blood disorders with possible clinical grade improvements in delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mohammadian Gol
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Ureña-Bailén
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yujuan Hou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Sinn
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justin S. Antony
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,*Correspondence: Markus Mezger,
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11
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Zhao Z, Deng J, Lu M, Yang J, Chen L, Li D, Sang Y. TRIM11, a new target of p53, facilitates the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:731-737. [PMID: 36376537 PMCID: PMC9884187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tripartite motif-containing protein 11 (TRIM11) is known to be associated with a variety of cancers, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of TRIM11 in NPC, TRIM11 was stably overexpressed in 6-10B and CNE2 cells with lentiviral vectors and knocked down in S18 and 5-8F cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Transwell assays and wound-healing assays revealed that TRIM11 facilitated the migration and invasion of NPC cells. Mechanistically, we found that p53 inhibits TRIM11 expression by binding to its promoter. CONCLUSIONS TRIM11 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for NPC and has a certain therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330008, China
| | - Jinkuang Deng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilisation of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330008, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine in Jiangxi Province, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - DianYuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China.
| | - Yi Sang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330008, China.
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12
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Shademan B, Masjedi S, Karamad V, Isazadeh A, Sogutlu F, Rad MHS, Nourazarian A. CRISPR Technology in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1446-1470. [PMID: 35092559 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene editing tool, the Cas system, associated with the CRISPR system, is emerging as a potential method for genome modification. This simple method, based on the adaptive immune defense system of prokaryotes, has been developed and used in human cancer research. These technologies have tremendous therapeutic potential, especially in gene therapy, where a patient-specific mutation is genetically corrected to cure diseases that cannot be cured with conventional treatments. However, translating CRISPR/Cas9 into the clinic will be challenging, as we still need to improve the efficiency, specificity, and application of the technology. In this review, we will explain how CRISPR-Cas9 technology can treat cancer at the molecular level, focusing on ordination and the epigenome. We will also focus on the promise and shortcomings of this system to ensure its application in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Masjedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Karamad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.
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13
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Zhang L, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Liu J, Li B. Integrating CRISPR/Cas within isothermal amplification for point-of-Care Assay of nucleic acid. Talanta 2022; 243:123388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Fan J, Pan J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Huang L, Ma D, Chen Z, Wu G, Fan W. A peptide derived from the N-terminus of charged multivesicular body protein 6 (CHMP6) promotes the secretion of gene editing proteins via small extracellular vesicle production. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4702-4716. [PMID: 35188876 PMCID: PMC8973635 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising new therapeutic platform. However, the low cargo-loading efficiency limits their clinical translation. In this study, we developed a high-yield EV cargo-loading device and explored its ability to encapsulate gene editing proteins. A series of fusion protein-based systems were constructed and their cargo loading efficiencies were compared by a NanoGlo luciferase assay. A myristoylated (Myr) peptide tag cloned from the N-terminal region of charged multivesicular body protein 6 (CHMP6), termed Myr(CHMP6), outcompeted CD9, ARRDC1, and other short polypeptides as an active packaging device. As determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy, the overexpression of Myr(CHMP6) increased small EV (sEV) production in Lenti-X 293T cells without altering sEV morphology. The high passive packaging efficiency of Myr(CHMP6) was also elucidated for unmodified cargo loading. Western blotting revealed that Myr(CHMP6) facilitated the loading of Cre and Cas9 into sEVs without the generation of packaging device-cargo fusion proteins. Furthermore, Myr(CHMP6)-modified sEVs loaded with Cre or Cas9 promoted gene-editing in recipient cells, as observed using a fluorescence reporter system. Subsequent investigation demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of Myr(CHMP6) tag-induced cargo-loading. Mechanistically, N-myristoylation alone was necessary but not sufficient for the effective packaging of proteins into EVs. Thus, our results indicated that Myr(CHMP6) induces sEV production and may be effective in loading gene editing proteins into sEVs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Fan
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Pan
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yixi Chen
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lihan Huang
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Ma
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation Guangdong Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Wendong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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15
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Bhattacharjee G, Gohil N, Khambhati K, Mani I, Maurya R, Karapurkar JK, Gohil J, Chu DT, Vu-Thi H, Alzahrani KJ, Show PL, Rawal RM, Ramakrishna S, Singh V. Current approaches in CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing for biomedical and therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2022; 343:703-723. [PMID: 35149141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A single gene mutation can cause a number of human diseases that affect quality of life. Until the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems, it was challenging to correct a gene mutation to avoid disease by reverting phenotypes. The advent of CRISPR technology has changed the field of gene editing, given its simplicity and intrinsic programmability, surpassing the limitations of both zinc-finger nuclease and transcription activator-like effector nuclease and becoming the method of choice for therapeutic gene editing by overcoming the bottlenecks of conventional gene-editing techniques. Currently, there is no commercially available medicinal cure to correct a gene mutation that corrects and reverses the abnormality of a gene's function. Devising reprogramming strategies for faithful recapitulation of normal phenotypes is a crucial aspect for directing the reprogrammed cells toward clinical trials. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been promising as a tool for correcting gene mutations in maladies including blood disorders and muscular degeneration as well as neurological, cardiovascular, renal, genetic, stem cell, and optical diseases. In this review, we highlight recent developments and utilization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in correcting or generating gene mutations to create model organisms to develop deeper insights into diseases, rescue normal gene functionality, and curb the progression of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Khushal Khambhati
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - Rupesh Maurya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Jigresh Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hue Vu-Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India.
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16
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Li J, Wei T, Zhang J, Liang T. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Review of Their Genetic Characteristics and Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215296. [PMID: 34771461 PMCID: PMC8582516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with the lowest survival rate. Little progress has been achieved in prolonging the survival for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hence, special attention should be paid to pre-cancerous lesions, for instance, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Here, we reviewed its genetic characteristics and the mouse models involving mutations in specific pathways, and updated our current perception of how this lesion develops into a precursor of invasive cancer. Abstract The intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is attracting research attention because of its increasing incidence and proven potential to progress into invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this review, we summarized the key signaling pathways or protein complexes (GPCR, TGF, SWI/SNF, WNT, and PI3K) that appear to be involved in IPMN pathogenesis. In addition, we collected information regarding all the genetic mouse models that mimic the human IPMN phenotype with specific immunohistochemistry techniques. The mouse models enable us to gain insight into the complex mechanism of the origin of IPMN, revealing that it can be developed from both acinar cells and duct cells according to different models. Furthermore, recent genomic studies describe the potential mechanism by which heterogeneous IPMN gives rise to malignant carcinoma through sequential, branch-off, or de novo approaches. The most intractable problem is that the risk of malignancy persists to some extent even if the primary IPMN is excised with a perfect margin, calling for the re-evaluation and improvement of diagnostic, pre-emptive, and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-87236688
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