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Lotfizadeh F, Masoudi AA, Vaez Torshizi R, Emrani H. Genome-wide association study of copy number variations with shank traits in a F 2 crossbred chicken population. Anim Genet 2024; 55:559-574. [PMID: 38764135 DOI: 10.1111/age.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are large-scale changes in the DNA sequence that can affect the genetic structure and phenotype of an organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existing CNVs and their associations with the shank diameter (ShD) and shank length (ShL) traits using data from an F2 crossbred chicken population. To carry out the study, 312 chickens were genotyped using the Illumina 60k SNP Beadchip. The shank traits of the birds were measured from day 1 to 12 weeks of age. penncnv and cnvruler tools were used to find copy numbers and regions with copy number changes (CNVR), respectively. The CNVRanger package was used to perform a genome-wide association study between shank traits and CNVs. Gene ontology research in CNVRs was carried out using the david database. In this investigation, 966 CNVs and 606 regions with copy number changes were discovered. The copy number states and variations were randomly distributed along the length of the autosomal chromosomes. Weeks 1-4, 9 and 12 of growth revealed a significant association of copy number variations with shank traits, false discovery rate (FDR-corrected p-value < 0.01), and the majority of CNVs that were statistically significant were found on chromosomes 1-3. These CNV segments are nearby genes such as KCNJ12, FGF6 and MYF5, which are fundamental to growth and development. In addition, gene set analyses revealed terms related to muscle physiology, regulation of cellular processes and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Lotfizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Emrani
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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Doublet M, Degalez F, Lagarrigue S, Lagoutte L, Gueret E, Allais S, Lecerf F. Variant calling and genotyping accuracy of ddRAD-seq: Comparison with 20X WGS in layers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298565. [PMID: 39058708 PMCID: PMC11280156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) remains a costly or unsuitable method for routine genotyping of laying hens. Until now, breeding companies have been using or developing SNP chips. Nevertheless, alternatives methods based on sequencing have been developed. Among these, reduced representation sequencing approaches can offer sequencing quality and cost-effectiveness by reducing the genomic regions covered by sequencing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of double digested Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to identify and genotype SNPs in laying hens, by comparison with a presumed reliable WGS approach. Firstly, the sensitivity and precision of variant calling and the genotyping reliability of ddRADseq were determined. Next, the SNP Call Rate (CRSNP) and mean depth of sequencing per SNP (DPSNP) were compared between both methods. Finally, the effect of multiple combinations of thresholds for these parameters on genotyping reliability and amount of remaining SNPs in ddRAD-seq was studied. In raw form, the ddRAD-seq identified 349,497 SNPs evenly distributed on the genome with a CRSNP of 0.55, a DPSNP of 11X and a mean genotyping reliability rate per SNP of 80%. Considering genomic regions covered by expected enzymatic fragments (EFs), the sensitivity of the ddRAD-seq was estimated at 32.4% and its precision at 96.4%. The low CRSNP and DPSNP values were explained by the detection of SNPs outside the EFs theoretically generated by the ddRAD-seq protocol. Indeed, SNPs outside the EFs had significantly lower CRSNP (0.25) and DPSNP (1X) values than SNPs within the EFs (0.7 and 17X, resp.). The study demonstrated the relationship between CRSNP, DPSNP, genotyping reliability and the number of SNPs retained, to provide a decision-support tool for defining filtration thresholds. Severe quality control over ddRAD-seq data allowed to retain a minimum of 40% of the SNPs with a CcR of 98%. Then, ddRAD-seq was defined as a suitable method for variant calling and genotyping in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elise Gueret
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Recuerda M, Campagna L. How structural variants shape avian phenotypes: Lessons from model systems. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17364. [PMID: 38651830 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite receiving significant recent attention, the relevance of structural variation (SV) in driving phenotypic diversity remains understudied, although recent advances in long-read sequencing, bioinformatics and pangenomic approaches have enhanced SV detection. We review the role of SVs in shaping phenotypes in avian model systems, and identify some general patterns in SV type, length and their associated traits. We found that most of the avian SVs so far identified are short indels in chickens, which are frequently associated with changes in body weight and plumage colouration. Overall, we found that relatively short SVs are more frequently detected, likely due to a combination of their prevalence compared to large SVs, and a detection bias, stemming primarily from the widespread use of short-read sequencing and associated analytical methods. SVs most commonly involve non-coding regions, especially introns, and when patterns of inheritance were reported, SVs associated primarily with dominant discrete traits. We summarise several examples of phenotypic convergence across different species, mediated by different SVs in the same or different genes and different types of changes in the same gene that can lead to various phenotypes. Complex rearrangements and supergenes, which can simultaneously affect and link several genes, tend to have pleiotropic phenotypic effects. Additionally, SVs commonly co-occur with single-nucleotide polymorphisms, highlighting the need to consider all types of genetic changes to understand the basis of phenotypic traits. We end by summarising expectations for when long-read technologies become commonly implemented in non-model birds, likely leading to an increase in SV discovery and characterisation. The growing interest in this subject suggests an increase in our understanding of the phenotypic effects of SVs in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Recuerda
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Leonardo Campagna
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Ren X, Guan Z, Li H, Wen J, Zhao X, Wang G, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Yu F, Qu L. Extensive intra- and inter-genetic admixture of Chinese gamecock and other indigenous chicken breeds revealed by genomic data. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102766. [PMID: 37229885 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic admixture is a widespread phenomenon among domestic animal breeds, including chickens. However, reports on admixture within Chinese gamecocks or other indigenous chickens are limited. This study focuses on the population genetic structure and admixture of 5 Chinese gamecock breeds and the admixture with 9 other indigenous Chinese chicken breeds. Our results showed that Turpan and Henan gamecocks were grouped into one cluster, whereas Luxi, Zhangzhou, and Xishuangbanna gamecocks were grouped into the other cluster. Gene flow occurred between Xishuangbanna and Turpan and Turpan and Luxi gamecocks. Simultaneously, gene flow was observed between gamecocks and indigenous chickens, such as Xishuangbanna and Wenchang. Ancestral component analysis indicated that modern domestic chickens in southern China played an important role in the history of the domestication of modern Chinese gamecock. Our study will be helpful in better understanding the domestication and evolution of Chinese gamecock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Junhui Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiurong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huie Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fuqing Yu
- National Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
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Copy Number Variation (CNV): A New Genomic Insight in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111435. [PMID: 35681904 PMCID: PMC9179425 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to contribute to our knowledge of CNVs, a type of genomic marker in equines, by producing, for the first time, a fine-scale characterization of the CNV regions (CNVRs) in the Pura Raza Española horse breed. We found not only the existence of a unique pattern of genomic regions enriched in CNVs in the PRE in comparison with the data available from other breeds but also the incidence of CNVs across the entire genome. Since these regions could affect the structure and dose of the genes involved, we also performed a gene ontology analysis which revealed that most of the genes overlapping in CNVRs were related to the olfactory pathways and immune response. Abstract Copy number variations (CNVs) are a new-fangled source of genetic variation that can explain changes in the phenotypes in complex traits and diseases. In recent years, their study has increased in many livestock populations. However, the study and characterization of CNVs in equines is still very limited. Our study aimed to investigate the distribution pattern of CNVs, characterize CNV regions (CNVRs), and identify the biological pathways affected by CNVRs in the Pura Raza Española (PRE) breed. To achieve this, we analyzed high-density SNP genotyping data (670,804 markers) from a large cohort of 654 PRE horses. In total, we identified 19,902 CNV segments and 1007 CNV regions in the whole population. The length of the CNVs ranged from 1.024 kb to 4.55 Mb, while the percentage of the genome covered by CNVs was 4.4%. Interestingly, duplications were more abundant than deletions and mixed CNVRs. In addition, the distribution of CNVs across the chromosomes was not uniform, with ECA12 being the chromosome with the largest percentage of its genome covered (19.2%), while the highest numbers of CNVs were found in ECA20, ECA12, and ECA1. Our results showed that 71.4% of CNVRs contained genes involved in olfactory transduction, olfactory receptor activity, and immune response. Finally, 39.1% of the CNVs detected in our study were unique when compared with CNVRs identified in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to reveal and characterize the CNV landscape in PRE horses, and it contributes to our knowledge of CNVs in equines, thus facilitating the understanding of genetic and phenotypic variations in the species. However, further research is still needed to confirm if the CNVs observed in the PRE are also linked to variations in the specific phenotypical differences in the breed.
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Berton MP, da Silva RP, Banchero G, Mourão GB, Ferraz JBS, Schenkel FS, Baldi F. Genomic integration to identify molecular biomarkers associated with indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in sheep. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:502-516. [PMID: 35535437 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to integrate GWAS and structural variants to propose possible molecular biomarkers related to gastrointestinal nematode resistance traits in Santa Inês sheep. The phenotypic records FAMACHA, haematocrit, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, platelets and egg counts per gram of faeces were collected from 700 naturally infected animals, belonging to four Brazilian flocks. A total of 576 animals were genotyped using the Ovine SNP12k BeadChip and were imputed using a reference population with Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. The GWAS approaches were based on SNPs, haplotypes, CNVs and ROH. The overlapping between the significant genomic regions detected from all approaches was investigated, and the results were integrated using a network analysis. Genes related to the immune system were found, such as ABCB1, IL6, WNT5A and IRF5. Genomic regions containing candidate genes and metabolic pathways involved in immune responses, inflammatory processes and immune cells affecting parasite resistance traits were identified. The genomic regions, biological processes and candidate genes uncovered could lead to biomarkers for selecting more resilient sheep and improving herd welfare and productivity. The results obtained are the start point to identify molecular biomarkers related to indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode resistance in Santa Inês sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piatto Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Pereira da Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuária (INIA), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Demars J, Labrune Y, Iannuccelli N, Deshayes A, Leroux S, Gilbert H, Aymard P, Benitez F, Riquet J. A genome-wide epistatic network underlies the molecular architecture of continuous color variation of body extremities. Genomics 2022; 114:110361. [PMID: 35378242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular architecture of coat coloration for a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying pigmentation still remains a challenge. We took advantage of a rabbit French experimental population in which both a pattern and a gradient of coloration from white to brown segregated within the himalayan phenotype. The whole experimental design was genotyped using the high density Affymetrix® AxiomOrcun™ SNP Array and phenotyped into 6 different groups ordered from the lighter to the darker. Genome-wide association analyses pinpointed an oligogenic determinism, under recessive and additive inheritance, involving genes already known in melanogenesis (ASIP, KIT, MC1R, TYR), and likely processed pseudogenes linked to ribosomal function, RPS20 and RPS14. We also identified (i) gene-gene interactions through ASIP:MC1R affecting light cream/beige phenotypes while KIT:RPS responsible of dark chocolate/brown colors and (ii) a genome-wide epistatic network involving several others coloration genes such as POT1 or HPS5. Finally, we determined the recessive inheritance of the English spotting phenotype likely involving a copy number variation affecting at least the end of the coding sequence of the KIT gene. Our analyses of coloration as a continuous trait allowed us to go beyond much of the established knowledge through the detection of additional genes and gene-gene interactions that may contribute to the molecular architecture of the coloration phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Demars
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Yann Labrune
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Nathalie Iannuccelli
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Alice Deshayes
- UMR967, CEA, INSERM, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Télomères et réparation du chromosome, F- 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sophie Leroux
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Hélène Gilbert
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Patrick Aymard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Florence Benitez
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Juliette Riquet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Strillacci MG, Gorla E, Ríos-Utrera A, Vega-Murillo VE, Montaño-Bermudez M, Garcia-Ruiz A, Cerolini S, Román-Ponce SI, Bagnato A. Copy Number Variation Mapping and Genomic Variation of Autochthonous and Commercial Turkey Populations. Front Genet 2019; 10:982. [PMID: 31737031 PMCID: PMC6828962 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at investigating genomic diversity of several turkey populations using Copy Number Variants (CNVs). A total of 115 individuals from six Italian breeds (Colle Euganei, Bronzato Comune Italiano, Parma e Piacenza, Brianzolo, Nero d'Italia, and Ermellinato di Rovigo), seven Narragansett, 38 commercial hybrids, and 30 Mexican turkeys, were genotyped with the Affymetrix 600K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) turkey array. The CNV calling was performed with the Hidden Markov Model of PennCNV software and with the Copy Number Analysis Module of SVS 8.4 by Golden Helix®. CNV were summarized into CNV regions (CNVRs) at population level using BEDTools. Variability among populations has been addressed by hierarchical clustering (pvclust R package) and by principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 2,987 CNVs were identified covering 4.65% of the autosomes of the Turkey_5.0/melGal5 assembly. The CNVRs identified in at least two individuals were 362-189 gains, 116 losses, and 57 complexes. Among these regions the 51% contain annotated genes. This study is the first CNV mapping of turkey population using 600K chip. CNVs clustered the individuals according to population and their geographical origin. CNVs are known to be indicators also of adaptation, as some researches in different species are suggesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Strillacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Gorla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Angel Ríos-Utrera
- Campo Experimental La Posta, INIFAP, Municipio de Medellín, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Moises Montaño-Bermudez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Auchitlán, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garcia-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Auchitlán, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio I Román-Ponce
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, INIFAP, Auchitlán, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alessandro Bagnato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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