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Nekvasilová P, Kulik N, Kotik M, Petrásková L, Slámová K, Křen V, Bojarová P. Mutation Hotspot for Changing the Substrate Specificity of β- N-Acetylhexosaminidase: A Library of GlcNAcases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12456. [PMID: 36293310 PMCID: PMC9604439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus (TfHex; EC 3.2.1.52) is an exo-glycosidase with dual activity for cleaving N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) units from carbohydrates. By targeting a mutation hotspot of the active site residue Glu332, we prepared a library of ten mutant variants with their substrate specificity significantly shifted towards GlcNAcase activity. Suitable mutations were identified by in silico methods. We optimized a microtiter plate screening method in the yeast Pichia pastoris expression system, which is required for the correct folding of tetrameric fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. While the wild-type TfHex is promiscuous with its GalNAcase/GlcNAcase activity ratio of 1.2, the best single mutant variant Glu332His featured an 8-fold increase in selectivity toward GlcNAc compared with the wild-type. Several prepared variants, in particular Glu332Thr TfHex, had significantly stronger transglycosylation capabilities than the wild-type, affording longer chitooligomers - they behaved like transglycosidases. This study demonstrates the potential of mutagenesis to alter the substrate specificity of glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kotik
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
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2
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Chemo-Enzymatic Production of 4-Nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside Using Immobilized β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Nitrophenyl derivatives of glycosides are convenient substrates used to detect and characterize α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. A new procedure combining chemical and biocatalytic steps was developed to prepare 4-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (4NP-α-GalNAc). The α-anomer was prepared through chemical synthesis of an anomeric mixture followed by selective removal of the β-anomer using specific enzymatic hydrolysis. Fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) from Penicillium oxalicum CCF 1959 served this purpose owing to its high chemo-and regioselectivity towards the β-anomeric N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) derivative. The kinetic measurements of the hydrolytic reaction showed that the enzyme was not inhibited by the substrate or reaction products. The immobilization of Hex in lens-shaped polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel capsules provided a biocatalyst with very good storage and operational stability. The immobilized Hex retained 97% of the initial activity after ten repeated uses and 90% of the initial activity after 18 months of storage at 4 °C. Immobilization inactivated 65% of the enzyme activity. However, the effectiveness factor and kinetic and mass transfer phenomena approached unity indicating negligible mass transfer limitations.
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3
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Qin X, Xin Y, Su X, Wang X, Zhang J, Tu T, Wang Y, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Heterologous expression and characterization of thermostable chitinase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Caldicellulosiruptor acetigenus and their synergistic action on the bioconversion of chitin into N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:250-257. [PMID: 34627844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion of chitin into N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) using chitinolytic enzymes is one of the important avenues for chitin valorization. However, industrial applications of chitinolytic enzymes have been limited by their poor thermostability. Therefore, it is necessary to discover thermostable chitinolytic enzymes for GlcNAc production from chitin. In this study, two chitinolytic enzyme-encoding genes CaChiT and CaHex from Caldicellulosiruptor acetigenus were identified and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant CaChiT and CaHex showed optimal activities at 70 °C and 90 °C respectively, and exhibited good thermostability over a range of temperature below 70 °C and broad pH stability at pH range of 3.0-8.0. CaChiT and CaHex were active on colloidal chitin, pNP-(GlcNAc)2, pNP-(GlcNAc)3, and pNP-GlcNAc, pNP-(GlcNAc)2, pNP-(GlcNAc)3, pNP-Glc respectively. Besides, the chitin oligosaccharides and colloidal chitin hydrolysis profiles revealed that CaChiT degraded chitin chains through exo-mode of action. Furthermore, CaChiT and CaHex exhibited a synergistic effect in the degradation of colloidal chitin, reaching 0.60 mg/mL of GlcNAc production after 1 h incubation. These results suggested that a combination of CaChiT and CaHex have great potential for industrial applications in the enzymatic production of GlcNAc from chitin-containing biowastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - YanZhe Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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4
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Mészáros Z, Nekvasilová P, Bojarová P, Křen V, Slámová K. Reprint of: Advanced glycosidases as ingenious biosynthetic instruments. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107820. [PMID: 34462167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, glycosidases, naturally hydrolyzing carbohydrate-active enzymes, have found few synthetic applications in industry, being primarily used for cleaving unwanted carbohydrates. With the establishment of glycosynthase and transglycosidase technology by genetic engineering, the view of glycosidases as industrial biotechnology tools has started to change. Their easy production, affordability, robustness, and substrate versatility, added to the possibility of controlling undesired side hydrolysis by enzyme engineering, have made glycosidases competitive synthetic tools. Current promising applications of engineered glycosidases include the production of well-defined chitooligomers, precious galactooligosaccharides or specialty chemicals such as glycosylated flavonoids. Other synthetic pathways leading to human milk oligosaccharides or remodeled antibodies are on the horizon. This work provides an overview of the synthetic achievements to date for glycosidases, emphasizing the latest trends and outlining possible developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Mészáros
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 1903/3, CZ-16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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Karimi Alavijeh M, Meyer AS, Gras SL, Kentish SE. Synthesis of N-Acetyllactosamine and N-Acetyllactosamine-Based Bioactives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7501-7525. [PMID: 34152750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) or more specifically β-d-galactopyranosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine is a unique acyl-amino sugar and a key structural unit in human milk oligosaccharides, an antigen component of many glycoproteins, and an antiviral active component for the development of effective drugs against viruses. LacNAc is useful itself and as a basic building block for producing various bioactive oligosaccharides, notably because this synthesis may be used to add value to dairy lactose. Despite a significant amount of information in the literature on the benefits, structures, and types of different LacNAc-derived oligosaccharides, knowledge about their effective synthesis for large-scale production is still in its infancy. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of existing production strategies for LacNAc and important LacNAc-based structures, including sialylated LacNAc as well as poly- and oligo-LacNAc. We conclude that direct extraction from milk is too complex, while chemical synthesis is also impractical at an industrial scale. Microbial routes have application when multiple step reactions are needed, but the major route to large-scale biochemical production will likely lie with enzymatic routes, particularly those using β-galactosidases (for LacNAc synthesis), sialidases (for sialylated LacNAc synthesis), and β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (for oligo-LacNAc synthesis). Glycosyltransferases, especially for the biosynthesis of extended complex LacNAc structures, could also play a major role in the future. In these cases, immobilization of the enzyme can increase stability and reduce cost. Processing parameters, such as substrate concentration and purity, acceptor/donor ratio, water activity, and temperature, can affect product selectivity and yield. More work is needed to optimize these reaction parameters and in the development of robust, thermally stable enzymes to facilitate commercial production of these important bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karimi Alavijeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S L Gras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S E Kentish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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6
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Savoie ER, Lanclos VC, Henson MW, Cheng C, Getz EW, Barnes SJ, LaRowe DE, Rappé MS, Thrash JC. Ecophysiology of the Cosmopolitan OM252 Bacterioplankton ( Gammaproteobacteria). mSystems 2021; 6:e0027621. [PMID: 34184914 PMCID: PMC8269220 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00276-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the thousands of species that comprise marine bacterioplankton communities, most remain functionally obscure. One key cosmopolitan group in this understudied majority is the OM252 clade of Gammaproteobacteria. Although frequently found in sequence data and even previously cultured, the diversity, metabolic potential, physiology, and distribution of this clade has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we examined these features of OM252 bacterioplankton using a newly isolated strain and genomes from publicly available databases. We demonstrated that this group constitutes a globally distributed novel genus ("Candidatus Halomarinus"), sister to Litoricola, comprising two subclades and multiple distinct species. OM252 organisms have small genomes (median, 2.21 Mbp) and are predicted obligate aerobes capable of alternating between chemoorganoheterotrophic and chemolithotrophic growth using reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors. Subclade I genomes encode genes for the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for carbon fixation. One representative strain of subclade I, LSUCC0096, had extensive halotolerance and a mesophilic temperature range for growth, with a maximum rate of 0.36 doublings/h at 35°C. Cells were curved rod/spirillum-shaped, ∼1.5 by 0.2 μm. Growth yield on thiosulfate as the sole electron donor under autotrophic conditions was roughly one-third that of heterotrophic growth, even though calculations indicated similar Gibbs energies for both catabolisms. These phenotypic data show that some "Ca. Halomarinus" organisms can switch between serving as carbon sources or sinks and indicate the likely anabolic cost of lithoautotrophic growth. Our results thus provide new hypotheses about the roles of these organisms in global biogeochemical cycling of carbon and sulfur. IMPORTANCE Marine microbial communities are teeming with understudied taxa due to the sheer numbers of species in any given sample of seawater. One group, the OM252 clade of Gammaproteobacteria, has been identified in gene surveys from myriad locations, and one isolated organism has even been genome sequenced (HIMB30). However, further study of these organisms has not occurred. Using another isolated representative (strain LSUCC0096) and publicly available genome sequences from metagenomic and single-cell genomic data sets, we examined the diversity within the OM252 clade and the distribution of these taxa in the world's oceans, reconstructed the predicted metabolism of the group, and quantified growth dynamics in LSUCC0096. Our results generate new knowledge about the previously enigmatic OM252 clade and point toward the importance of facultative chemolithoautotrophy for supporting some clades of ostensibly "heterotrophic" taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Savoie
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - V. Celeste Lanclos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael W. Henson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chuankai Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric W. Getz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelby J. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas E. LaRowe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S. Rappé
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Kāneʻohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - J. Cameron Thrash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Mészáros Z, Nekvasilová P, Bojarová P, Křen V, Slámová K. Advanced glycosidases as ingenious biosynthetic instruments. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107733. [PMID: 33781890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, glycosidases, naturally hydrolyzing carbohydrate-active enzymes, have found few synthetic applications in industry, being primarily used for cleaving unwanted carbohydrates. With the establishment of glycosynthase and transglycosidase technology by genetic engineering, the view of glycosidases as industrial biotechnology tools has started to change. Their easy production, affordability, robustness, and substrate versatility, added to the possibility of controlling undesired side hydrolysis by enzyme engineering, have made glycosidases competitive synthetic tools. Current promising applications of engineered glycosidases include the production of well-defined chitooligomers, precious galactooligosaccharides or specialty chemicals such as glycosylated flavonoids. Other synthetic pathways leading to human milk oligosaccharides or remodeled antibodies are on the horizon. This work provides an overview of the synthetic achievements to date for glycosidases, emphasizing the latest trends and outlining possible developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Mészáros
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 1903/3, CZ-16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-12843, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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Recent advances in the bioprospection and applications of chitinolytic bacteria for valorization of waste chitin. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1953-1969. [PMID: 33710379 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most abundant natural polymers on earth, chitin is a fibrous and structural polysaccharide, composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The biopolymer is the major structural constituent of fungi, arthropods, mollusks, nematodes, and some algae. The biodegradation of chitin is largely manifested by chitinolytic enzyme secreting organisms including bacteria, insects, and plants. Among them, bacterial chitinases represent the most promising, inexpensive, and sustainable source of proteins that can be employed for industrial-scale applications. To this end, the presented review comes at a timely moment to highlight the major sources of chitinolytic bacteria. It also discusses the potential pros and cons of prospecting bacterial chitinases that can be easily manipulated through genetic engineering. Additionally, we have elaborated the recent applications of the chitin thereby branding chitinases as potential candidates for biorefinery and biomedical research for eco-friendly and sustainable management of chitin waste in the environment.
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Nekvasilová P, Kulik N, Rychlá N, Pelantová H, Petrásková L, Bosáková Z, Cvačka J, Slámová K, Křen V, Bojarová P. How Site‐Directed Mutagenesis Boosted Selectivity of a Promiscuous Enzyme. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Nekvasilová
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12843 Praha 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030/8. CZ-12843 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Zámek 136 CZ-37333 Nové Hrady Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Rychlá
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Nám. Sítná 3105 CZ-27201 Kladno Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 2030/8. CZ-12843 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 CZ-16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Nám. Sítná 3105 CZ-27201 Kladno Czech Republic
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Kapešová J, Petrásková L, Kulik N, Straková Z, Bojarová P, Markošová K, Rebroš M, Křen V, Slámová K. Transglycosidase activity of glycosynthase-type mutants of a fungal GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1206-1215. [PMID: 32522540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases (CAZy GH20, EC 3.2.1.52) are exo-glycosidases specific for cleaving N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine moieties of various substrates. The β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the filamentous fungus Talaromyces flavus (TfHex), a model enzyme in this study, has a broad substrate flexibility and outstanding synthetic ability. We have designed and characterized seven glycosynthase-type variants of TfHex mutated at the catalytic aspartate residue that stabilizes the oxazoline reaction intermediate. Most of the obtained enzyme variants lost the majority of their original hydrolytic activity towards the standard substrate p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-β-GlcNAc); moreover, the mutants were not active with the proposed glycosynthase donor 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl-α-fluoride (GlcNAc-α-F) either as would be expected in a glycosynthase. Importantly, the mutant enzymes instead retained a strong transglycosylation activity towards the standard substrate pNP-β-GlcNAc. In summary, five out of seven prepared TfHex variants bearing mutation at the catalytic Asp370 residue acted as efficient transglycosidases, which makes them excellent tools for the synthesis of chitooligosaccharides, with the advantage of processing an inexpensive, stable and commercially available pNP-β-GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kapešová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, Nové Hrady, CZ 37333, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Straková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic.; Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 6, Prague 6, CZ 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Markošová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK 81237, Slovakia
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, SK 81237, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ 14220, Czech Republic..
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11
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Acceptor Specificity of β- N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus: A Rational Explanation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246181. [PMID: 31817903 PMCID: PMC6940953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, though hydrolytic enzymes in vivo, are useful tools in the preparation of oligosaccharides of biological interest. The β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus is remarkable in terms of its synthetic potential, broad substrate specificity, and tolerance to substrate modifications. It can be heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris in a high yield. The mutation of the Tyr470 residue to histidine greatly enhances its transglycosylation capability. The aim of this work was to identify the structural requirements of this model β-N-acetylhexosaminidase for its transglycosylation acceptors and formulate a structure-activity relationship study. Enzymatic reactions were performed using an activated glycosyl donor, 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide or 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminide, and a panel of glycosyl acceptors of varying structural features (N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, N-acetylmuramic acid, and glucuronic acid). The transglycosylation products were isolated and structurally characterized. The C-2 N-acetamido group in the acceptor molecule was found to be essential for recognition by the enzyme. The presence of the C-2 hydroxyl moiety strongly hindered the normal course of transglycosylation, yielding unique non-reducing disaccharides in a low yield. Moreover, whereas the gluco-configuration at C-4 steered the glycosylation into the β(1-4) position, the galacto-acceptor afforded a β(1-6) glycosidic linkage. The Y470H mutant enzyme was tested with acceptors based on β-glycosides of uronic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid. With the latter acceptor, we were able to isolate and characterize one glycosylation product in a low yield. To our knowledge, this is the first example of enzymatic glycosylation of an N-acetylmuramic acid derivative. In order to explain these findings and predict enzyme behavior, a modeling study was accomplished that correlated with the acquired experimental data.
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Bojarová P, Kulik N, Hovorková M, Slámová K, Pelantová H, Křen V. The β- N-Acetylhexosaminidase in the Synthesis of Bioactive Glycans: Protein and Reaction Engineering. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030599. [PMID: 30743988 PMCID: PMC6384963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylhexosamine oligosaccharides terminated with GalNAc act as selective ligands of galectin-3, a biomedically important human lectin. Their synthesis can be accomplished by β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52). Advantageously, these enzymes tolerate the presence of functional groups in the substrate molecule, such as the thiourea linker useful for covalent conjugation of glycans to a multivalent carrier, affording glyconjugates. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases exhibit activity towards both N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) moieties. A point mutation of active-site amino acid Tyr into other amino acid residues, especially Phe, His, and Asn, has previously been shown to strongly suppress the hydrolytic activity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, creating enzymatic synthetic engines. In the present work, we demonstrate that Tyr470 is an important mutation hotspot for altering the ratio of GlcNAcase/GalNAcase activity, resulting in mutant enzymes with varying affinity to GlcNAc/GalNAc substrates. The enzyme selectivity may additionally be manipulated by altering the reaction medium upon changing pH or adding selected organic co-solvents. As a result, we are able to fine-tune the β-N-acetylhexosaminidase affinity and selectivity, resulting in a high-yield production of the functionalized GalNAcβ4GlcNAc disaccharide, a selective ligand of galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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Bojarová P, Kulik N, Slámová K, Hubálek M, Kotik M, Cvačka J, Pelantová H, Křen V. Selective β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus versicolor—a tool for producing bioactive carbohydrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1737-1753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Clustering of fungal hexosaminidase enzymes based on free alignment method using MLP neural network. Neural Comput Appl 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-017-2876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Miyata S, Nadanaka S, Igarashi M, Kitagawa H. Structural Variation of Chondroitin Sulfate Chains Contributes to the Molecular Heterogeneity of Perineuronal Nets. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:3. [PMID: 29456495 PMCID: PMC5801575 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggrecan, a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, forms lattice-like extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). Neocortical PNNs primarily ensheath parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (parvalbumin, PV cells) late in brain development. Emerging evidence indicates that PNNs promote the maturation of PV cells by enhancing the incorporation of homeobox protein Otx2 and regulating experience-dependent neural plasticity. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), an N-acetylgalactosamine-specific plant lectin, binds to the CS chains of aggrecan and has been widely used to visualize PNNs. Although PNNs show substantial molecular heterogeneity, the importance of this heterogeneity in neural plasticity remains unknown. Here, in addition to WFA lectin, we used the two monoclonal antibodies Cat315 and Cat316, both of which recognize the glycan structures of aggrecan, to investigate the molecular heterogeneity of PNNs. WFA detected the highest number of PNNs in all cortical layers, whereas Cat315 and Cat316 labeled only a subset of PNNs. WFA+, Cat315+, and Cat316+ PNNs showed different laminar distributions in the adult visual cortex. WFA, Cat315 and Cat316 detected distinct, but partially overlapping, populations of PNNs. Based on the reactivities of these probes, we categorized PNNs into four groups. We found that two subpopulation of PNNs, one with higher and one with lower WFA-staining are differentially labeled by Cat316 and Cat315, respectively. CS chains recognized by Cat316 were diminished in mice deficient in an enzyme involved in the initiation of CS-biosynthesis. Furthermore, WFA+ and Cat316+ aggrecan were spatially segregated and formed microdomains in a single PNN. Otx2 co-localized with Cat316+ but not with WFA+ aggrecan in PNNs. Our results suggest that the heterogeneity of PNNs around PV cells may affect the functional maturation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Laboratory of Molecular Bioregulation, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences and Trans-disciplinary Program, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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Škerlová J, Bláha J, Pachl P, Hofbauerová K, Kukačka Z, Man P, Pompach P, Novák P, Otwinowski Z, Brynda J, Vaněk O, Řezáčová P. Crystal structure of native β‐
N
‐acetylhexosaminidase isolated from
Aspergillus oryzae
sheds light onto its substrate specificity, high stability, and regulation by propeptide. FEBS J 2017; 285:580-598. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bláha
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hofbauerová
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kukačka
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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Two-Step Enzymatic Synthesis of β-d
-N
-Acetylgalactosamine-(1→4)-d
-N
-acetylglucosamine (LacdiNAc) Chitooligomers for Deciphering Galectin Binding Behavior. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Slámová K, Bojarová P. Engineered N-acetylhexosamine-active enzymes in glycoscience. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2070-2087. [PMID: 28347843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, enzymes modifying N-acetylhexosamine substrates have emerged in numerous theoretical studies as well as practical applications from biology, biomedicine, and biotechnology. Advanced enzyme engineering techniques converted them into potent synthetic instruments affording a variety of valuable glycosides. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review presents the diversity of engineered enzymes active with N-acetylhexosamine carbohydrates: from popular glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases to less known oxidases, epimerases, kinases, sulfotransferases, and acetylases. Though hydrolases in natura, engineered chitinases, β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases were successfully employed in the synthesis of defined natural and derivatized chitooligomers and in the remodeling of N-glycosylation patterns of therapeutic antibodies. The genes of various N-acetylhexosaminyltransferases were cloned into metabolically engineered microorganisms for producing human milk oligosaccharides, Lewis X structures, and human-like glycoproteins. Moreover, mutant N-acetylhexosamine-active glycosyltransferases were applied, e.g., in the construction of glycomimetics and complex glycostructures, industrial production of low-lactose milk, and metabolic labeling of glycans. In the synthesis of biotechnologically important compounds, several innovative glycoengineered systems are presented for an efficient bioproduction of GlcNAc, UDP-GlcNAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and of defined glycosaminoglycans. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The above examples demonstrate that engineering of N-acetylhexosamine-active enzymes was able to solve complex issues such as synthesis of tailored human-like glycoproteins or industrial-scale production of desired oligosaccharides. Due to the specific catalytic mechanism, mutagenesis of these catalysts was often realized through rational solutions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Specific N-acetylhexosamine glycosylation is crucial in biological, biomedical and biotechnological applications and a good understanding of its details opens new possibilities in this fast developing area of glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Slámová K, Krejzová J, Marhol P, Kalachova L, Kulik N, Pelantová H, Cvačka J, Křen V. Synthesis of Derivatized Chitooligomers using Transglycosidases Engineered from the Fungal GH20 β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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