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Corduneanu A, Taulescu M, Ursache TD, Ionică AM, Mihalca AD. Piroplasms in farmed American bison, Bison bison from Romania. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158072. [PMID: 37065243 PMCID: PMC10090506 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The American bison (Bison bison) is the largest terrestrial mammal of North America, with around 350,000 individuals in the wild and in private herds but the knowledge regarding the presence of different vector-borne pathigens in these mammals is very poor. Babesia and Theileria spp. are tick-borne apicomplexan parasites which are considered to be among the most commonly found blood parasites of large ruminants, often with a high economic importance. However, the knowledge on piroplasms of bisons is extremely scarce. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of apicomplexan parasites in blood and tissues of farmed American bison from Romania. Overall, we tested 222 blood samples and 11 tissues samples (heart, liver, and spleen) from farmed B. bison raised for meat in Romania. All the samples were analyzed by nPCR targeting the 18SrRNA gene for piroplasmids. All positive samples were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. The overall prevalence of infection with piroplasmids in American bison was 1.65%, with Babesia divergens and Theileria sp. identified following sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of piroplasms detected in blood and tissues of farmed B. bison from Europe. Further studies are necessary in order to obtain a better overview on the epidemiological status and clinical relevance of piroplasms in farmed American bisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Corduneanu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Productions, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Corduneanu
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Synevovet, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor Dan Ursache
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Monica Ionică
- Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Parasitology Consultancy Group, Coruşu, Romania
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2
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Korec E, Ungrová L, Hejnar J, Grieblová A, Zelená K. Three new genes associated with longevity in the European Bison. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100266. [PMID: 35957660 PMCID: PMC9361326 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evžen Korec
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lenka Ungrová
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Grieblová
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Zelená
- Zoologická zahrada Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00, Prague 7, Czech Republic
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3
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Yang L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Xiang H. The Technological Advance and Application of Coprolite Analysis. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.797370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprolites (mummified or fossilized feces), belonging to the group of ichnofossils, are fossilized remains of feces produced by animals. Various types of data from coprolites provide detailed evidence of the producer’s condition, like diet, intestinal microbiome, virus infection and parasites diseases. In addition, the palaeoenvironment information relevant to producers’ ecological niche can be drawn from taphonomy details the coprolites mirrored. At present, the phylogenetic clues of the producer’s population can be determined by advanced molecular biotechnologies. With the integration of multiple methods and techniques, coprolite has been widely accepted as an ideal material to study the diet, evolution, and palaeoenvironment of producers. In this paper, we reviewed the history of coprolite research, enumerated and interpreted the data recovered from coprolites, and explained their research value to palaeocoprology and evolutionary biology. Finally, we summarized the current directions of coprolite research and looked into its future prospects.
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Ancient Faunal History Revealed by Interdisciplinary Biomolecular Approaches. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13080370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Starting four decades ago, studies have examined the ecology and evolutionary dynamics of populations and species using short mitochondrial DNA fragments and stable isotopes. Through technological and analytical advances, the methods and biomolecules at our disposal have increased significantly to now include lipids, whole genomes, proteomes, and even epigenomes. At an unprecedented resolution, the study of ancient biomolecules has made it possible for us to disentangle the complex processes that shaped the ancient faunal diversity across millennia, with the potential to aid in implicating probable causes of species extinction and how humans impacted the genetics and ecology of wild and domestic species. However, even now, few studies explore interdisciplinary biomolecular approaches to reveal ancient faunal diversity dynamics in relation to environmental and anthropogenic impact. This review will approach how biomolecules have been implemented in a broad variety of topics and species, from the extinct Pleistocene megafauna to ancient wild and domestic stocks, as well as how their future use has the potential to offer an enhanced understanding of drivers of past faunal diversity on Earth.
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Neov B, Spassov N, Hristova L, Hristov P, Radoslavov G. New data on the evolutionary history of the European bison ( Bison bonasus) based on subfossil remains from Southeastern Europe. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2842-2848. [PMID: 33767840 PMCID: PMC7981210 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and evolutionary history of the European bison Bison bonasus (wisent) have become clearer after several morphological, genomic, and paleogenomic studies in the last few years, but these paleogenomic studies have raised new questions about the evolution of the species. Here, we present additional information about the population diversity of the species based on the analysis of new subfossil Holocene remains from the Balkan Peninsula. Seven ancient samples excavated from caves in Western Stara Planina in Bulgaria were investigated by mitochondrial D-loop (HVR1) sequence analysis. The samples were dated to 3,800 years BP by radiocarbon analysis. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the genetic relationship among the investigated samples and all mitochondrial DNA sequences from the genus Bison available in GenBank. The results clustered with the sequences from the extinct Holocene South-Eastern (Balkan) wisent to the fossil Alpine population from France, Austria, and Switzerland, but not with those from the recent Central European (North Sea) one and the now extinct Caucasian population. In conclusion, these data indicate that the Balkan wisent that existed in historical time represented a relict and probably an isolated population of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene South-Western mountainous population of the wisent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyko Neov
- Department of Animal Diversity and ResourcesInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem ResearchBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Nikolai Spassov
- Palaeontology and Mineralogy DepartmentNational Museum of Natural HistoryBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Latinka Hristova
- Palaeontology and Mineralogy DepartmentNational Museum of Natural HistoryBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Peter Hristov
- Department of Animal Diversity and ResourcesInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem ResearchBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Georgi Radoslavov
- Department of Animal Diversity and ResourcesInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem ResearchBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
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Hu J, Westbury MV, Yuan J, Zhang Z, Chen S, Xiao B, Hou X, Ji H, Lai X, Hofreiter M, Sheng G. Ancient mitochondrial genomes from Chinese cave hyenas provide insights into the evolutionary history of the genus Crocuta. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202934. [PMID: 33499784 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cave hyenas (genus Crocuta) are extinct bone-cracking carnivores from the family Hyaenidae and are generally split into two taxa that correspond to a European/Eurasian and an (East) Asian lineage. They are close relatives of the extant African spotted hyenas, the only extant member of the genus Crocuta. Cave hyenas inhabited a wide range across Eurasia during the Pleistocene, but became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Using genetic and genomic datasets, previous studies have proposed different scenarios about the evolutionary history of Crocuta. However, causes of the extinction of cave hyenas are widely speculative and samples from China are severely understudied. In this study, we assembled near-complete mitochondrial genomes from two cave hyenas from northeastern China dating to 20 240 and 20 253 calBP, representing the youngest directly dated fossils of Crocuta in Asia. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a monophyletic clade of these two samples within a deeply diverging mitochondrial haplogroup of Crocuta. Bayesian analyses suggest that the split of this Asian cave hyena mitochondrial lineage from their European and African relatives occurred approximately 1.85 Ma (95% CI 1.62-2.09 Ma), which is broadly concordant with the earliest Eurasian Crocuta fossil dating to approximately 2 Ma. Comparisons of mean genetic distance indicate that cave hyenas harboured higher genetic diversity than extant spotted hyenas, brown hyenas and aardwolves, but this is probably at least partially due to the fact that their mitochondrial lineages do not represent a monophyletic group, although this is also true for extant spotted hyenas. Moreover, the joint female effective population size of Crocuta (both cave hyenas and extant spotted hyenas) has sustained two declines during the Late Pleistocene. Combining this mitochondrial phylogeny, previous nuclear findings and fossil records, we discuss the possible relationship of fossil Crocuta in China and the extinction of cave hyenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael V Westbury
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Junxia Yuan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Zhaoyuan Museum, Daqing, Heilongjiang 166500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shungang Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Hou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Ji
- Paleontological Fossil Conservation Center, Qinggang County, Qinggang, Heilongjiang 151600, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China.,School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guilian Sheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, People's Republic of China
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Zhang K, Lenstra JA, Zhang S, Liu W, Liu J. Evolution and domestication of the Bovini species. Anim Genet 2020; 51:637-657. [PMID: 32716565 DOI: 10.1111/age.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Domestication of the Bovini species (taurine cattle, zebu, yak, river buffalo and swamp buffalo) since the early Holocene (ca. 10 000 BCE) has contributed significantly to the development of human civilization. In this study, we review recent literature on the origin and phylogeny, domestication and dispersal of the three major Bos species - taurine cattle, zebu and yak - and their genetic interactions. The global dispersion of taurine and zebu cattle was accompanied by population bottlenecks, which resulted in a marked phylogeographic differentiation of the mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA. The high diversity of European breeds has been shaped through isolation-by-distance, different production objectives, breed formation and the expansion of popular breeds. The overlapping and broad ranges of taurine and zebu cattle led to hybridization with each other and with other bovine species. For instance, Chinese gayal carries zebu mitochondrial DNA; several Indonesian zebu descend from zebu bull × banteng cow crossings; Tibetan cattle and yak have exchanged gene variants; and about 5% of the American bison contain taurine mtDNA. Analysis at the genomic level indicates that introgression may have played a role in environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology and College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - J A Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht Yalelaan 104, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology and College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology and College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology and College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Abstract
Mobile devices for on-field DNA analysis have been used for medical diagnostics
at the point-of-care, forensic investigations and environmental surveys, but
still have to be validated for ancient DNA studies. We report here on a mobile
laboratory that we setup using commercially available devices, including a
compact real-time PCR machine, and describe procedures to perform DNA extraction
and analysis from a variety of archeological samples within 4 hours. The process
is carried out on 50 mg samples that are identified at the species level using
custom TaqMan real-time PCR assays for mitochondrial DNA fragments. We evaluated
the potential of this approach in museums lacking facilities for DNA studies by
analyzing samples from the Enlène (MIS 2 layer) and the Portel-Ouest cave (MIS 3
deposits), and also performed experiments during an excavation campaign at the
Roc-en-Pail (MIS 5) open-air site. Enlène Bovinae bone samples
only yielded DNA for the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus),
whereas Portel-Ouest cave coprolites contained cave hyena (Crocuta
crocuta spelaea) DNA together, for some of them, with DNA for the
European bison sister species/subspecies (Bison
schoetensacki/Bb1-X), thus highlighting the cave hyena diet.
Roc-en-Pail Bovinae bone and tooth samples also contained DNA
for the Bison schoetensacki/Bb1-X clade, and
Cervidae bone samples only yielded reindeer
(Rangifer tarandus) DNA. Subsequent DNA sequencing analyses
confirmed that correct species identification had been achieved using our TaqMan
assays, hence validating these assays for future studies. We conclude that our
approach enables the rapid genetic characterization of tens of millennia-old
archeological samples and is expected to be useful for the on-site screening of
museums and freshly excavated samples for DNA content. Because our mobile
laboratory is made up of commercially available instruments, this approach is
easily accessible to other investigators.
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Pedersen PBM, Olsen JB, Sandel B, Svenning JC. Wild Steps in a semi-wild setting? Habitat selection and behavior of European bison reintroduced to an enclosure in an anthropogenic landscape. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0198308. [PMID: 31697680 PMCID: PMC6837835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several wild or semi-wild herds of European bison have been reintroduced across Europe. It is essential for future successful bison reintroductions to know how the European bison use different habitats, which environmental parameters drive their habitat selection, and whether their habitat use and behavioural patterns in new reintroduction sites differ from habitats where European bison have been roaming freely for a long time. Here, we address these questions for a 40-ha enclosed site that has been inhabited by semi-free ranging European bison since 2012. The site, Vorup Meadows, is adjacent to the Gudenå river in Denmark and consists of human-modified riparian meadows. During 2013 we monitored the behavioural pattern and spatial use of the 11 bison present and in parallel carried out floristic analyses to assess habitat structure and food quality in the enclosure. We tested habitat use and selection against environmental parameters such as habitat characteristics, plant community traits, topography, and management area (release area vs. meadow area) using linear regression and spatial models. The bison herd had comparable diurnal activity patterns as observed in previous studies on free-roaming bison herds. Topography emerged as the main predictor of the frequency of occurrence in our spatial models, with high-lying drier areas being used more. Bison did not prefer open areas over areas with tree cover when accounting for habitat availability. However, they spent significantly more time in the release area, a former agricultural field with supplementary fodder, than expected from availability compared to the rest of the enclosure, a meadow with tree patches. We wish to increase awareness of possible long-term ethological effects of the release site and the management protocols accomplished here that might reduce the ecological impact by the bison in the target habitat, and thereby compromise or even oppose the conservation goals of the conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna B. Olsen
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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A stainless-steel mortar, pestle and sleeve design for the efficient fragmentation of ancient bone. Biotechniques 2019; 64:266-269. [PMID: 29939091 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of milling equipment - such as oscillating ball mills, freezer mills, mortar and pestle - can be used to fragment ancient bone prior to DNA extraction. However, each of these tools is associated with practical drawbacks. Here, we present the design for a stainless-steel mortar and pestle, with a removable sleeve to contain bone material. The tool is easy to clean, practical and its simplicity allows university workshops equipped with a lathe, boring tools and a milling machine to make these components at local expense. This design allows for the efficient fragmentation of ancient bone and improves sample throughput. This design is recommended as a useful, economical addition to existing laboratory equipment for the handling of ancient bone.
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The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sex Matters. DIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the origin and evolutionary history of the bison has been improved recently owing to several genomic and paleogenomic studies published in the last two years, which elucidated large parts of the evolution of bison populations during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene in Eurasia. The produced data, however, were interpreted in contradicting manners. Here, we have gathered, reanalyzed and compared previously published or unpublished morphometric and genetic data that have not yet been integrated and that we synthesize in a unified framework. In particular, we re-estimate dates of divergence of mitogenome lineages based on an extended dataset comprising 81 complete ancient bison mitogenomes and we revisit putative gene flow between the Bos and Bison genera based on comparative analyses of ancient and modern bison genomes, thereby questioning published conclusions. Morphometric analyses taking into account sexual dimorphism invalidate a previous claim that Bison schoetensacki was present in France during the Late Pleistocene. Both morphometric and genome analyses reveal that Eurasian bison belonging to different Bison priscus and Bison bonasus lineages maintained parallel evolutionary paths with gene flow during a long period of incomplete speciation that ceased only upon the migration of B. priscus to the American continent establishing the American bison lineage. Our nuclear genome analysis of the evolutionary history of B. bonasus allows us to reject the previous hypothesis that it is a hybrid of B. priscus and Bos primigenius. Based on present-day behavioral studies of European and American bison, we propose that apparently conflicting lines of evidence can be reconciled by positing that female bison drove the specialization of bison populations to different ecological niches while male bison drove regular homogenizing genetic exchanges between populations.
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Stronen AV, Iacolina L, Pertoldi C, Tokarska M, Sørensen BS, Bahrndorff S, Oleński K, Kamiński S, Nikolskiy P. Genomic variability in the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) compared to the European bison (Bison bonasus). MAMMAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-018-0387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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