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Grunwald AL, Demos TC, Nguéagni Y, Tchamba MN, Monadjem A, Webala PW, Peterhans JCK, Patterson BD, Ruedas LA. A review of bats of the genus Pseudoromicia (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with the description of a new species. SYST BIODIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2156002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Grunwald
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, SRTC–247, Portland, P.O. Box 751, OR 97207–0751, USA
| | - Terrence C. Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 60605, IL, USA
| | - Yvette Nguéagni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Martin N. Tchamba
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, P.O. Box 861, 20500, Kenya
| | | | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 60605, IL, USA
| | - Luis A. Ruedas
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, SRTC–247, Portland, P.O. Box 751, OR 97207–0751, USA
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Demos TC, Webala PW, Goodman SM, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Lutz HL, Agwanda BR, Cortés-Delgado N, Briones S, Ree RH, Patterson BD. Ultraconserved elements resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of African-Malagasy bent-winged bats (Miniopterus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 188:107890. [PMID: 37517508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
African-Malagasy species of the bat genus Miniopterus are notable both for the dramatic increase in the number of newly recognized species over the last 15 years, as well as for the profusion of new taxa from Madagascar and the neighboring Comoros. Since 2007, seven new Malagasy Miniopterus species have been described compared to only two new species since 1936 from the Afrotropics. The conservative morphology of Miniopterus and limited geographic sampling in continental Africa have undoubtedly contributed to the deficit of continental species. In addition to uncertainty over species limits, phylogenetic relationships of Miniopterus remain mostly unresolved, particularly at deeper backbone nodes. Previous phylogenetic studies were based on limited taxon sampling and/or limited genetic sampling involving no more than five loci. Here, we conduct the first phylogenomic study of the Afrotropical Miniopteridae by analyzing up to 3772 genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from historic and modern samples of 70 individuals from 25 Miniopterus species/lineages. We analyze multiple datasets of varying degrees of completeness (70, 90, and 100 percent complete) using partitioned concatenated maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent methods. Our well-supported, species-level phylogenies resolved most (6/8 or 7/8) backbone nodes and strongly support for the first time the monophyly of the Malagasy radiation. We inferred the crown age of African Miniopteridae in the late Miocene (10.4 Ma), while the main lineages of Miniopterus appear to have contemporaneously diversified in two sister radiations in the Afrotropics and Madagascar. Species-level divergence of 23 of 25 African + Malagasy Miniopterus were estimated to have 95 % HPDs that overlap with the late Miocene (5.3-10.4 Ma). We present ancestral range estimates that unambiguously support a continental African radiation that originated in the Zambezian and Somalian/Ethiopian biogeographic regions, but we cannot rule out back colonization of Africa from Madagascar. The phylogeny indicates genetic support for up to seven new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Julian C Kerbis Peterhans
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; College of Arts & Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalia Cortés-Delgado
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefania Briones
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard H Ree
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dick CW, Verrett TB, Webala PW, Patterson BD. Nycteribiid bat flies (Arthropoda, Insecta, Diptera, Nycteribiidae) of Kenya. Zookeys 2023; 1169:65-85. [PMID: 38328029 PMCID: PMC10848833 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1169.102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites of bats characterized by viviparous pupiparity and generally high host specificity. Nycteribiid bat flies are wingless, morphologically constrained, and are most diverse in the Eastern Hemisphere. Africa hosts approximately 22% of global bat biodiversity and nearly one-third of all African bat species occur in Kenya, one of Africa's most bat-rich countries. However, records of nycteribiid bat fly diversity in Kenya remain sparse and unconsolidated. This paper combines all past species records of nycteribiid bat flies with records from a survey of 4,255 Kenyan bats across 157 localities between 2006 and 2015. A total of seven nycteribiid genera and 17 species are recorded, with seven species from the recent 'Bats of Kenya' surveys representing previously undocumented country records. Host associations and geographic distributions based on all available records are also described. This comprehensive species catalog addresses and further emphasizes the need for similar investigations of nycteribiid biodiversity across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W. Dick
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USAWestern Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenUnited States of America
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USAField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoUnited States of America
| | - Taylor B. Verrett
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USAWestern Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenUnited States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USAUniversity of OklahomaNormanUnited States of America
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok 20500, KenyaMaasai Mara UniversityNarokKenya
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USAField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoUnited States of America
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Juste J, Torrent L, Méndez-Rodríguez A, Howard K, García-Mudarra JL, Nogueras J, Ibáñez C. A new Pipistrelle bat from the oceanic Island of Príncipe (Western Central Africa). J Mammal 2023; 104:361-371. [PMID: 37032701 PMCID: PMC10075340 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a population of pipistrelle-like bats from Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea, Western Central Africa) as a new species based on the molecular and morphological characteristics of six specimens collected more than 30 years ago. The description of this new species was not possible until the traditionally entangled systematics of the whole pipistrelle group was clarified in recent years with the inclusion of molecular techniques and adequate species sampling. In this new taxonomic framework, the new species was clearly included within the dark-winged group of the recently described genus Pseudoromicia. The pipistrelles from Príncipe Island present a moderately inflated skull in lateral view with inner upper incisors that are moderately bicuspids and a baculum distinctly long with expanded tips. Besides these morphological characters, the new bat species is distinguished by its dwarfism, being the smallest species recognized within the genus. The ecology and conservation status of this endemic island species are unknown and field studies are urgently needed to evaluate the situation and conservation threats to this new species in its natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Torrent
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, Francesc Macià 51, 08401 Granollers, Spain
| | - Aline Méndez-Rodríguez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Prol. Canal de Miramontes 3855, Coapa, Ex de San Juan de Dios, Tlalpan, 14387 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Kelli Howard
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Nogueras
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Benda P, Uvizl M, Vallo P, Reiter A, Uhrin M. A Revision of the Rhinolophus hipposideros group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) with Definition of an Additional Species from the Middle East. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Benda
- Department of Zoology, Department of Zoology, National Museum (Natural History), Václavské nám. 68, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Uvizl
- Department of Zoology, Department of Zoology, National Museum (Natural History), Václavské nám. 68, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Vallo
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, CZ-603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Reiter
- South Moravian Museum in Znojmo, Přemyslovců 129/8, CZ-669 02 Znojmo, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Uhrin
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, SK-041 80 Košice, Slovakia
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Verrett TB, Webala PW, Patterson BD, Dick CW. Remarkably low host specificity in the bat fly Penicillidia fulvida (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) as assessed by mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S sequence data. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:392. [PMID: 36303252 PMCID: PMC9607801 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recognition and delineation of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species can have broad implications for wildlife conservation, disease ecology and accurate estimates of biodiversity. Parasites are intriguing in the study of cryptic speciation because unique evolutionary pressures and diversifying factors are generated by ecological characteristics of host-parasite relationships, including host specificity. Bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate, hematophagous ectoparasites of bats that generally exhibit high host specificity. One rare exception is Penicillidia fulvida (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), an African bat fly found in association with many phylogenetically distant hosts. One explanation for P. fulvida's extreme polyxeny is that it may represent a complex of host-specific yet cryptic species, an increasingly common finding in molecular genetic studies of supposed generalist parasites. METHODS A total of 65 P. fulvida specimens were collected at 14 localities across Kenya, from bat species representing six bat families. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences were obtained from 59 specimens and used to construct Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies. Analysis of molecular variance was used to determine how genetic variation in P. fulvida was allocated among host taxa. RESULTS The 28S rRNA sequences studied were invariant within P. fulvida. Some genetic structure was present in the COI sequence data, but this could be more parsimoniously explained by geography than host family. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the status of P. fulvida as a rare example of a single bat fly species with primary host associations spanning multiple bat families. Gene flow among P. fulvida utilizing different host species may be promoted by polyspecific roosting behavior in bats, and host preference may also be malleable based on bat assemblages occupying shared roosts. The proclivity of generalist parasites to switch hosts makes them more likely to vector or opportunistically transmit pathogens across host species boundaries. Consequently, the presence of polyxenous bat flies is an important consideration to disease ecology as bat flies become increasingly known to be associated with bat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B. Verrett
- grid.268184.10000 0001 2286 2224Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA
| | - Paul W. Webala
- grid.449040.d0000 0004 0460 0871Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, 20500 Kenya
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- grid.299784.90000 0001 0476 8496Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
| | - Carl W. Dick
- grid.268184.10000 0001 2286 2224Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA ,grid.299784.90000 0001 0476 8496Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
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Chornelia A, Hughes AC. The evolutionary history and ancestral biogeographic range estimation of old-world Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae (Chiroptera). BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 36192699 PMCID: PMC9528145 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats), Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats) and Rhinonycteridae (trident bats) are exclusively distributed in the Old-World, and their biogeography reflects the complex historic geological events throughout the Cenozoic. Here we investigated the origin of these families and unravel the conflicting family origin theories using a high resolution tree covering taxa from each zoogeographic realm from Africa to Australia. Ancestral range estimations were performed using a probabilistic approach implemented in BioGeoBEARS with subset analysis per biogeographic range [Old-World as whole, Australia-Oriental-Oceania (AOO) and Afrotropical-Madagascar-Palearctic (AMP)]. RESULT Our result supports an Oriental origin for Rhinolophidae, whereas Hipposideridae originated from the Oriental and African regions in concordance with fossil evidence of both families. The fossil evidence indicates that Hipposideridae has diversified across Eurasia and the Afro-Arabian region since the Middle Eocene. Meanwhile, Rhinonycteridae (the sister family of Hipposideridae) appears to have originated from the Africa region splitting from the common ancestor with Hipposideridae in Africa. Indomalaya is the center of origin of Rhinolophidae AOO lineages, and Indomalayan + Philippines appears to be center of origin of Hipposideridae AOO lineage indicating allopatric speciation and may have involved jump-dispersal (founder-event) speciation within AOO lineage. Wallacea and the Philippines may have been used as stepping stones for dispersal towards Oceania and Australia from the Oriental region. Multiple colonization events via different routes may have occurred in the Philippines (i.e., Palawan and Wallacea) since the Late Miocene. The colonization of Rhinolophidae towards Africa from Asia coincided with the estimated time of Tethys Ocean closure around the Oligocene to Miocene (around 27 Ma), allowing species to disperse via the Arabian Peninsula. Additionally, the number of potential cryptic species in Rhinolophidae in Southeast Asia may have increased since Plio-Pleistocene and late Miocene. CONCLUSION Overall, we conclude an Oriental origin for Rhinolophidae, and Oriental + African for Hipposideridae. The result demonstrates that complex historical events, in addition to species specific ecomorphology and specialization of ecological niches may shape current distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Chornelia
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Huairou, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Alice Catherine Hughes
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
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Tanshi I, Obitte BC, Monadjem A, Rossiter SJ, Fisher‐Phelps M, Kingston T. Multiple dimensions of biodiversity in paleotropical hotspots reveal comparable bat diversity. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iroro Tanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology University of Benin Benin City Nigeria
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization Benin City Nigeria
| | - Benneth C. Obitte
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization Benin City Nigeria
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Eswatini
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Stephen J. Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Marina Fisher‐Phelps
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
- National Audubon Society Dallas Texas USA
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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Curran M, Kopp M, Ruedi M, Bayliss J. A New Species of Horseshoe Bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Mount Namuli, Mozambique. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Curran
- Formerly: Department of Environmental Sciences, Biogeography Section, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Kopp
- Freelance consultant, 3550 Langnau i.E., Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ruedi
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, Genève 6, Switzerland
| | - Julian Bayliss
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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Roelle SM, Shukla N, Pham AT, Bruchez AM, Matreyek KA. Expanded ACE2 dependencies of diverse SARS-like coronavirus receptor binding domains. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001738. [PMID: 35895696 PMCID: PMC9359572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral spillover from animal reservoirs can trigger public health crises and cripple the world economy. Knowing which viruses are primed for zoonotic transmission can focus surveillance efforts and mitigation strategies for future pandemics. Successful engagement of receptor protein orthologs is necessary during cross-species transmission. The clade 1 sarbecoviruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 enter cells via engagement of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), while the receptor for clade 2 and clade 3 remains largely uncharacterized. We developed a mixed cell pseudotyped virus infection assay to determine whether various clades 2 and 3 sarbecovirus spike proteins can enter HEK 293T cells expressing human or Rhinolophus horseshoe bat ACE2 proteins. The receptor binding domains from BtKY72 and Khosta-2 used human ACE2 for entry, while BtKY72 and Khosta-1 exhibited widespread use of diverse rhinolophid ACE2s. A lysine at ACE2 position 31 appeared to be a major determinant of the inability of these RBDs to use a certain ACE2 sequence. The ACE2 protein from Rhinolophus alcyone engaged all known clade 3 and clade 1 receptor binding domains. We observed little use of Rhinolophus ACE2 orthologs by the clade 2 viruses, supporting the likely use of a separate, unknown receptor. Our results suggest that clade 3 sarbecoviruses from Africa and Europe use Rhinolophus ACE2 for entry, and their spike proteins appear primed to contribute to zoonosis under the right conditions. Knowing which viruses are primed for zoonotic transmission can focus surveillance efforts and mitigation strategies for future pandemics. This study shows that SARS-like coronaviruses identified in bats from Europe and Africa can use a range of horseshoe bat ACE2s for entry. In addition, viruses found in Russia and Kenya also have the ability to at least weakly use human ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Roelle
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anh T. Pham
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Bruchez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Matreyek
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Muylaert RL, Kingston T, Luo J, Vancine MH, Galli N, Carlson CJ, John RS, Rulli MC, Hayman DTS. Present and future distribution of bat hosts of sarbecoviruses: implications for conservation and public health. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220397. [PMID: 35611534 PMCID: PMC9130791 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Global changes in response to human encroachment into natural habitats and carbon emissions are driving the biodiversity extinction crisis and increasing disease emergence risk. Host distributions are one critical component to identify areas at risk of viral spillover, and bats act as reservoirs of diverse viruses. We developed a reproducible ecological niche modelling pipeline for bat hosts of SARS-like viruses (subgenus Sarbecovirus), given that several closely related viruses have been discovered and sarbecovirus-host interactions have gained attention since SARS-CoV-2 emergence. We assessed sampling biases and modelled current distributions of bats based on climate and landscape relationships and project future scenarios for host hotspots. The most important predictors of species distributions were temperature seasonality and cave availability. We identified concentrated host hotspots in Myanmar and projected range contractions for most species by 2100. Our projections indicate hotspots will shift east in Southeast Asia in locations greater than 2°C hotter in a fossil-fuelled development future. Hotspot shifts have implications for conservation and public health, as loss of population connectivity can lead to local extinctions, and remaining hotspots may concentrate near human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhong Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Flanders J, Frick WF, Nziza J, Nsengimana O, Kaleme P, Dusabe MC, Ndikubwimana I, Twizeyimana I, Kibiwot S, Ntihemuka P, Cheng TL, Muvunyi R, Webala P. Rediscovery of the critically endangered Hill's horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophushilli) and other new records of bat species in Rwanda. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e83546. [PMID: 36761632 PMCID: PMC9848553 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e83546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For forty years, there has been growing uncertainty about whether Hill's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophushilli) still persists in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Only known from one small area within the National Park, R.hilli is listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), based on its extremely small geographic range and presumed low number of mature individuals. Here, we present and describe bat species occurrence data contributed to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) that we collected as part of a long-term collaborative project to rediscover this lost species. This data paper describes the survey methods and findings resulting from cave roost surveys, capture surveys, and acoustic sampling of bat echolocation activity in Nyungwe National Park and surrounding areas in south-western Rwanda from 2013-2020 and their conservation relevance. New information We report the discovery of an extant population of Hill's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophushilli) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, 40 years since the last reported observation of the species in 1981. We also report the first record of Lander's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophuslanderi) in Nyungwe National Park and the first record of the Damara woolly bat (Kerivoulaargentata) in Rwanda. The dataset contributed to GBIF and described in this paper includes 278 occurrence records from 10 bat species of five families detected at 71 locations in or near Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. We include a description of the morphological descriptions of R.hilli and present the first acoustic echolocation signatures and phylogenetic information for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Flanders
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States of AmericaAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkUnited States of America,Tulane University, New Orleans, United States of AmericaTulane UniversityNew OrleansUnited States of America,Bat Conservation International, Austin, United States of AmericaBat Conservation InternationalAustinUnited States of America
| | - Winifred F Frick
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, United States of AmericaBat Conservation InternationalAustinUnited States of America,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States of AmericaUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States of America
| | - Julius Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, Kigali, RwandaGorilla DoctorsKigaliRwanda
| | - Olivier Nsengimana
- Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, Kigali, RwandaRwanda Wildlife Conservation AssociationKigaliRwanda
| | - Prince Kaleme
- Centre de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN), Lwiro, Democratic Republic of the CongoCentre de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN)LwiroDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marie Claire Dusabe
- Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, Kigali, RwandaRwanda Wildlife Conservation AssociationKigaliRwanda
| | - Innocent Ndikubwimana
- Fauna and Flora International, Monrovia, LiberiaFauna and Flora InternationalMonroviaLiberia
| | - Innocent Twizeyimana
- Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association, Kigali, RwandaRwanda Wildlife Conservation AssociationKigaliRwanda
| | - Sospeter Kibiwot
- University of Eldoret, Eldoret, KenyaUniversity of EldoretEldoretKenya
| | - Pierre Ntihemuka
- Nyungwe National Park, Kitabi, RwandaNyungwe National ParkKitabiRwanda
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, United States of AmericaBat Conservation InternationalAustinUnited States of America
| | - Richard Muvunyi
- Rwanda Development Board, Kigali, RwandaRwanda Development BoardKigaliRwanda
| | - Paul Webala
- Maasai Mara University, Narok, KenyaMaasai Mara UniversityNarokKenya
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13
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Chornelia A, Lu J, Hughes AC. How to Accurately Delineate Morphologically Conserved Taxa and Diagnose Their Phenotypic Disparities: Species Delimitation in Cryptic Rhinolophidae (Chiroptera). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.854509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematics and taxonomy are the backbone of all components of biology and ecology, yet cryptic species present a major challenge for accurate species identification. This is especially problematic as they represent a substantial portion of undiscovered biodiversity, and have implications for not only species conservation, but even assaying potential risk of zoonotic spillover. Here, we use integrative approaches to delineate potential cryptic species in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae), evaluate the phenotypic disparities between cryptic species, and identify key traits for their identification. We tested the use of multispecies coalescent models (MSC) using Bayesian Phylogenetic and Phylogeography (BPP) and found that BPP was useful in delineating potential cryptic species, and consistent with acoustic traits. Our results show that around 40% of Asian rhinolophid species are potentially cryptic and have not been formally described. In order to avoid potential misidentification and allow species to be accurately identified, we identified quantitative noseleaf sella and acoustic characters as the most informative traits in delineating between potential cryptic species in Rhinolophidae. This highlights the physical differences between cryptic species that are apparent in noseleaf traits which often only qualitatively described but rarely measured. Each part of the noseleaf including the sella, lateral lappets, and lancet furrows, play roles in focusing acoustic beams and thus, provide useful characteristics to identify cryptic Rhinolophus species. Finally, species delimitation for cryptic species cannot rely on genetic data alone, but such data should be complemented by other evidence, including phenotypic, acoustic data, and geographic distributions to ensure accurate species identification and delineation.
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14
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Tanshi I, Obitte BC, Monadjem A, Kingston T. Hidden Afrotropical Bat Diversity in Nigeria: Ten New Country Records from a Biodiversity Hotspot. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iroro Tanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St., 79409-3131, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Benneth Chigozie Obitte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St., 79409-3131, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ara Monadjem
- All Out Africa Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswantini
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St., 79409-3131, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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15
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Baldwin HJ, Vallo P, Ruiz AT, Anti P, Nkrumah EE, Badu EK, Oppong SK, Kalko EKV, Tschapka M, Stow AJ. Concordant patterns of genetic, acoustic, and morphological divergence in the West African Old World leaf‐nosed bats of the
Hipposideros caffer
complex. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Baldwin
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Peter Vallo
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
| | - A. Tonatiuh Ruiz
- Institute of Neural Information Processing Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Priscilla Anti
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Evans E. Nkrumah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Ebenezer K. Badu
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Samuel K. Oppong
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Elisabeth K. V. Kalko
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Adam J. Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
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16
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Ferguson AW. On the role of (and threat to) natural history museums in mammal conservation: an African small mammal perspective. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Monadjem A, Demos TC, Dalton DL, Webala PW, Musila S, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Patterson BD. A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vespertilionidae (class Mammalia) constitutes the largest family of bats, with ~500 described species. Nonetheless, the systematic relationships within this family are poorly known, especially among the pipistrelle-like bats of the tribes Vespertilionini and Pipistrellini. Perhaps as a result of their drab pelage and lack of obvious morphological characters, the genus and species limits of pipistrelle-like bats remain poorly resolved, particularly in Africa, where more than one-fifth of all vesper bat species occur. Further exacerbating the problem is the accelerating description of new species within these groups. In this study, we attempt to resolve the systematic relationships among the pipistrelle-like bats of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar and provide a more stable framework for future systematic efforts. Our systematic inferences are based on extensive genetic and morphological sampling of > 400 individuals covering all named genera and the majority of described African pipistrelle-like bat species, focusing on previously unstudied samples of East African bats. Our study corroborates previous work by identifying three African genera in Pipistrellini (Pipistrellus, Scotoecus and Vansonia), none of which is endemic to Africa. However, the situation is more complex in Vespertilionini. With broad taxonomic sampling, we confirm that the genus Neoromicia is paraphyletic, a situation that we resolve by assigning the species of Neoromicia to four genera. Neoromicia is here restricted to Neoromicia zuluensis and allied taxa. Some erstwhile Neoromicia species are transferred into an expanded Laephotis, which now includes both long-eared and short-eared forms. We also erect two new genera, one comprising a group of mostly forest-associated species (many of which have white wings) and the other for the genetically and morphologically unique banana bat. All four of these genera, as recognized here, are genetically distinct, have distinctive bacular morphologies and can be grouped by cranial morphometrics. We also demonstrate that the genus Nycticeinops, until now considered monospecific, includes both Afropipistrellus and the recently named Parahypsugo, thus representing the fifth African genus in Vespertilionini. A sixth genus, Hypsugo, is mostly extra-limital to sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, we describe three new species of pipistrelle-like bats from Kenya and Uganda, uncovered during the course of systematic bat surveys in the region. Such surveys are greatly needed across tropical Africa to uncover further bat diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Desire L Dalton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Simon Musila
- Mammalogy Section, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julian C Kerbis Peterhans
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
- College of Arts & Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430 S Michigan, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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A phylogeny for African Pipistrellus species with the description of a new species from West Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPipistrelloid bats are among the most poorly known bats in Africa, a status no doubt exacerbated by their small size, drab brown fur and general similarity in external morphology. The systematic relationships of these bats have been a matter of debate for decades, and despite some recent molecular studies, much confusion remains. Adding to the confusion has been the recent discovery of numerous new species. Using two mitochondrial genes, we present a phylogeny for this group that supports the existence of three main clades in Africa: Pipistrellus, Neoromicia and the recently described Parahypsugo. However, the basal branches of the tree are poorly supported. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we describe a new species of Pipistrellus sp. nov. from West Africa, which has been cited as Pipistrellus cf. grandidieri in the literature. We demonstrate that it is not closely related to Pipistrellus grandidieri from East Africa, but instead is sister to Pipistrellus hesperidus. Furthermore, the species Pi. grandidieri appears to be embedded in the newly described genus Parahypsugo, and is therefore better placed in that genus than in Pipistrellus. This has important taxonomic implications, because a new subgenus (Afropipistrellus) described for Pi. grandidieri predates Parahypsugo and should therefore be used for the entire “Parahypsugo” clade. The Upper Guinea rainforest zone, and particularly the upland areas in the south-eastern Guinea—northern Liberia border region may represent a global hotspot for pipistrelloid bats and should receive increased conservation focus as a result.
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19
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Ruedas LA. Editor’s choice. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ruedas
- Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, Portland, USA
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20
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Valdivia-Granda WA, Richt JA. What We Need to Consider During and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:477-483. [PMID: 32469633 PMCID: PMC7336884 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though extreme containment and mitigation strategies were implemented by numerous governments around the world to slow down the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of critically ill patients and fatalities keeps rising. This crisis has highlighted the socioeconomic disparities of health care systems within and among countries. As new CoVID policies and responses are implemented to lessen the impact of the virus, it is imperative (1) to consider additional mitigation strategies critical for the development of effective countermeasures, (2) to promote long-term policies and strict regulations of the trade of wildlife and live animal markets, and (3) to advocate for necessary funding and investments in global health, specifically for the prevention of and response to natural and manmade pandemics. This document considers some of these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen A. Richt
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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21
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Ruedas LA. Editor’s choice. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Patterson BD, Webala PW, Lavery TH, Agwanda BR, Goodman SM, Peterhans JCK, Demos TC. Evolutionary relationships and population genetics of the Afrotropical leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Hipposideridae). Zookeys 2020; 929:117-161. [PMID: 32390744 PMCID: PMC7197329 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.929.50240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Old World leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae) are aerial and gleaning insectivores that occur throughout the Paleotropics. Both their taxonomic and phylogenetic histories are confused. Until recently, the family included genera now allocated to the Rhinonycteridae and was recognized as a subfamily of Rhinolophidae. Evidence that Hipposideridae diverged from both Rhinolophidae and Rhinonycteridae in the Eocene confirmed their family rank, but their intrafamilial relationships remain poorly resolved. We examined genetic variation in the Afrotropical hipposiderids Doryrhina, Hipposideros, and Macronycteris using relatively dense taxon-sampling throughout East Africa and neighboring regions. Variation in both mitochondrial (cyt-b) and four nuclear intron sequences (ACOX2, COPS, ROGDI, STAT5) were analyzed using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. We used intron sequences and the lineage delimitation method BPP—a multilocus, multi-species coalescent approach—on supported mitochondrial clades to identify those acting as independent evolutionary lineages. The program StarBEAST was used on the intron sequences to produce a species tree of the sampled Afrotropical hipposiderids. All genetic analyses strongly support generic monophyly, with Doryrhina and Macronycteris as Afrotropical sister genera distinct from a Paleotropical Hipposideros; mitochondrial analyses interpose the genera Aselliscus, Coelops, and Asellia between these clades. Mitochondrial analyses also suggest at least two separate colonizations of Africa by Asian groups of Hipposideros, but the actual number and direction of faunal interchanges will hinge on placement of the unsampled African-Arabian species H.megalotis. Mitochondrial sequences further identify a large number of geographically structured clades within species of all three genera. However, in sharp contrast to this pattern, the four nuclear introns fail to distinguish many of these groups and their geographic structuring disappears. Various distinctive mitochondrial clades are consolidated in the intron-based gene trees and delimitation analyses, calling into question their evolutionary independence or else indicating their very recent divergence. At the same time, there is now compelling genetic evidence in both mitochondrial and nuclear sequences for several additional unnamed species among the Afrotropical Hipposideros. Conflicting appraisals of differentiation among the Afrotropical hipposiderids based on mitochondrial and nuclear loci must be adjudicated by large-scale integrative analyses of echolocation calls, quantitative morphology, and geometric morphometrics. Integrative analyses will also help to resolve the challenging taxonomic issues posed by the diversification of the many lineages associated with H.caffer and H.ruber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605, USA Field Museum of Natural History Chicago United States of America
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya
| | - Tyrone H Lavery
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605, USA Field Museum of Natural History Chicago United States of America.,Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia The Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Bernard R Agwanda
- Mammalogy Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605, USA Field Museum of Natural History Chicago United States of America.,Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar National Museums of Kenya Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Julian C Kerbis Peterhans
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605, USA Field Museum of Natural History Chicago United States of America.,College of Arts and Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA Roosevelt University Chicago United States of America
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 60605, USA Field Museum of Natural History Chicago United States of America
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23
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Demos TC, Webala PW, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Goodman SM, Bartonjo M, Patterson BD. Molecular phylogenetics of slit-faced bats (Chiroptera: Nycteridae) reveal deeply divergent African lineages. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019; 57:1019-1038. [PMID: 31894177 PMCID: PMC6919933 DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The bat family Nycteridae contains only the genus Nycteris, which comprises 13 currently recognized species from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, one species from Madagascar, and two species restricted to Malaysia and Indonesia in South-East Asia. We investigated genetic variation, clade membership, and phylogenetic relationships in Nycteridae with broad sampling across Africa for most clades. We sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and four independent nuclear introns (2,166 bp) from 253 individuals. Although our samples did not include all recognized species, we recovered at least 16 deeply divergent monophyletic lineages using independent mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear datasets in both gene tree and species tree analyses. Mean pairwise uncorrected genetic distances among species-ranked Nycteris clades (17% for cytb and 4% for concatenated introns) suggest high levels of phylogenetic diversity in Nycteridae. We found a large number of designated clades whose members are distributed wholly or partly in East Africa (10 of 16 clades), indicating that Nycteris diversity has been historically underestimated and raising the possibility that additional unsampled and/or undescribed Nycteris species occur in more poorly sampled Central and West Africa. Well-resolved mitochondrial, concatenated nuclear, and species trees strongly supported African ancestry for SE Asian species. Species tree analyses strongly support two deeply diverged subclades that have not previously been recognized, and these clades may warrant recognition as subgenera. Our analyses also strongly support four traditionally recognized species groups of Nycteris. Mitonuclear discordance regarding geographic population structure in Nycteris thebaica appears to result from male-biased dispersal in this species. Our analyses, almost wholly based on museum voucher specimens, serve to identify species-rank clades that can be tested with independent datasets, such as morphology, vocalizations, distributions, and ectoparasites. Our analyses highlight the need for a comprehensive revision of Nycteridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence C. Demos
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementMaasai Mara UniversityNarokKenya
| | - Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois
- College of Arts and SciencesRoosevelt UniversityChicagoIllinois
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois
- Association VahatraAntananarivoMadagascar
| | | | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois
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24
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Demos TC, Webala PW, Lutz HL, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Goodman SM, Cortés‐Delgado N, Bartonjo M, Patterson BD. Multilocus phylogeny of a cryptic radiation of Afrotropical long‐fingered bats (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae). ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence C. Demos
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya
| | - Holly L. Lutz
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA
| | - Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA
- College of Arts and Sciences Roosevelt University Chicago IL USA
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA
- Association Vahatra Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Natalia Cortés‐Delgado
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL USA
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