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Ran J, Ding Q, Shen Y, Gao Z, Wang G, Gao Y, Ma X, Hou X. Construction of an Efficient Genetic Transformation System for Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4149. [PMID: 38140475 PMCID: PMC10747978 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Based on the established efficient regeneration system for watercress in our laboratory, we optimized the processes of pretreatment, co-culture, and differentiation culture. Through GFP fluorescence and PCR identification, we successfully obtained transgenic watercress with the DR5 gene, which allowed us to investigate the distribution details of auxin in the growth process of watercress. Our findings provide an effective method for gene function research and lay the foundation for innovative utilization of germplasm resources of watercress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (East China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.R.); (Q.D.); (Y.S.); (Z.G.); (G.W.); (Y.G.); (X.M.)
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2
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Hibbert LE, Qian Y, Smith HK, Milner S, Katz E, Kliebenstein DJ, Taylor G. Making watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) cropping sustainable: genomic insights into enhanced phosphorus use efficiency in an aquatic crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279823. [PMID: 38023842 PMCID: PMC10662076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a nutrient-dense salad crop with high antioxidant capacity and glucosinolate concentration and with the potential to contribute to nutrient security as a locally grown outdoor aquatic crop in northern temperate climates. However, phosphate-based fertilizers used to support plant growth contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic habitats, often pristine chalk streams, downstream of farms, increasing pressure to minimize fertilizer use and develop a more phosphorus-use efficient (PUE) crop. Here, we grew genetically distinct watercress lines selected from a bi-parental mapping population on a commercial watercress farm either without additional phosphorus (P-) or under a commercial phosphate-based fertilizer regime (P+), to decipher effects on morphology, nutritional profile, and the transcriptome. Watercress plants sustained shoot yield in P- conditions, through enhanced root biomass, but with shorter stems and smaller leaves. Glucosinolate concentration was not affected by P- conditions, but both antioxidant capacity and the concentration of sugars and starch in shoot tissue were enhanced. We identified two watercress breeding lines, with contrasting strategies for enhanced PUE: line 60, with highly plastic root systems and increased root growth in P-, and line 102, maintaining high yield irrespective of P supply, but less plastic. RNA-seq analysis revealed a suite of genes involved in cell membrane remodeling, root development, suberization, and phosphate transport as potential future breeding targets for enhanced PUE. We identified watercress gene targets for enhanced PUE for future biotechnological and breeding approaches enabling less fertilizer inputs and reduced environmental damage from watercress cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hibbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yufei Qian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Tabesh M, Sh ME, Etemadi M, Naddaf F, Heidari F, Alizargar J. The antibacterial activity of nasturtium officinale extract on common oral pathogenic bacteria. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1466-1475. [PMID: 36149206 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1887_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The oral cavity is colonized by a myriad of microorganisms, some of which are proven to be detrimental to human health. There have been numerous efforts to control the population of pathogenic agents in the oral cavity, including the usage of natural phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants. Nasturtium officinale has long been used in traditional medicine for the management of hypertension, respiratory infections, and hyperglycemia, and its effectiveness against some microbes has been reported. Aims To evaluate antimicrobial properties of a hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale against common oral pathogens namely Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experimental laboratory study. Different dilutions of N. officinale hydro-alcoholic extract were the test solutions, the positive control was a bacterial suspension in sterile phosphate-buffered saline, whereas the negative control was the herbal extract only, without any bacterial inoculation. Hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale prepared in five different concentrations (105, 52.5, 26.25, 13.12, 6.56 mg.mL-1) was tested separately against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in a test of microdilution assay. Spectrophotometry was used to assess bacterial growth after 24 and 48 h. Materials and Methods The data of optical absorbance reads from spectrophotometry were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) post hoc. Results The highest growth inhibitory effect against S. mutans, E. faecalis, and S. aureus was observed at a concentration of 13.12 mg.mL-1; for L. acidophilus and P. aeruginosa, the most significant inhibition was observed at a concentration of 105 mg.mL-1. Conclusion N. officinale extract effectively inhibited the growth of the tested oral bacteria at different concentrations but was more effective against S. mutans, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and so may be effective in managing some oral microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tabesh
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Etemadi Sh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Etemadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Naddaf
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Heidari
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Alizargar
- Research Center for Healthcare Industry Innovation, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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4
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Bejerman N, Debat H. Exploring the tymovirales landscape through metatranscriptomics data. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1785-1803. [PMID: 35708766 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tymovirales is an order of viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes that mostly infect plants, but also fungi and insects. The number of genome sequences of viruses that could fit this taxon has been growing in the last few years with the extensive use of high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report the discovery of 31 novel viral genome sequences associated with 27 different host plant species, which were hidden in public databases. These viral sequences were identified through homology searches in more than 3,000 plant transcriptomes from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) using known tymovirales sequences as queries. Identification, assembly, and curation of raw SRA reads resulted in 29 viral genome sequences with complete coding regions, and two representing partial genomes. Some of the obtained sequences highlight novel genome organizations for members of the order. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six of the novel viruses are related to alphaflexiviruses, 17 to betaflexiviruses, two to deltaflexiviruses, and six to tymovirids. These findings shed new light on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary landscape of this group of viruses. Furthermore, this study illustrates the complexity and genome diversity among members of the order and demonstrates that analyzing public SRA data provides an invaluable tool to accelerate virus discovery and refine virus taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5,5 (X5020ICA), Córdoba, Argentina
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Sathasivam R, Kim NS, Choi M, Kwon H, Nguyen BV, Kim JK, Jeong DH, Park EJ, Park HW, Park SU. Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094845. [PMID: 35563233 PMCID: PMC9099461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a non-woody forest plant widely used in China, Korea, and Japan because of its various therapeutic properties. However, the genetic details of the carotenoid pathway (CP), xanthophyll pathway (XP), and apocarotenoid pathway (AP) genes have not been studied. Thus, the CP, XP, and AP genes of H. moellendorffii were detected and analyzed. A total of fifteen genes were identified, of which eight, four, and three belonged to CP, XP, and AP, respectively. All identified genes possessed full open reading frames. Phylogenetic characterization of the identified gene sequences showed the highest similarity with other higher plants. Multiple alignments and 3D dimensional structures showed several diverse conserved motifs, such as the carotene-binding motif, dinucleotide-binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. The results of real-time PCR showed that the CP, XP, and AP genes were highly expressed in leaves, followed by the stems and roots. In total, eight different individual carotenoids were identified using HPLC analysis. The highest individual and total carotenoid content were achieved in the leaves, followed by the stems and roots. This study will provide more information on the gene structure of the CP, XP, and AP genes, which may help to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in H. moellendorffii through genetic engineering. These results could be helpful for further molecular and functional studies of CP, XP, and AP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea;
| | - Minsol Choi
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Bao Van Nguyen
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Dae Hui Jeong
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Korea; (D.H.J.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Eung Jun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Korea; (D.H.J.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Hong Woo Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Korea; (D.H.J.); (E.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.P.); (S.U.P.); Tel.: +82-54-630-5649 (H.W.P.); +82-42-821-5730 (S.U.P.); Fax: +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.)
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (R.S.); (M.C.); (H.K.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.W.P.); (S.U.P.); Tel.: +82-54-630-5649 (H.W.P.); +82-42-821-5730 (S.U.P.); Fax: +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.)
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Pignata G, Ertani A, Casale M, Niñirola D, Egea-Gilabert C, Fernández JA, Nicola S. Understanding the Postharvest Phytochemical Composition Fates of Packaged Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Grown in a Floating System and Treated with Bacillus subtilis as PGPR. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:589. [PMID: 35270058 PMCID: PMC8912852 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological changes and phytochemical pathways of processed watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) undergone during storage are not well known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the respiration rate and the inherent and external quality of watercress inoculated with B. subtilis and packaged as a fresh-cut product and stored at 4 °C for 11 days. Watercress was grown using continuous flotation (FL) in a greenhouse using substrate disinfection and inoculated or not with Bacillus subtilis as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The fresh-cut watercress respiration rate and phytochemical profile changed during the shelf life. The inherent phytochemical compounds were retained during the storage of the fresh-cut salad bags. The best results were found in watercress grown in a disinfected substrate but were less satisfactory when seeds and substrates were inoculated with PGPR. In general, the external quality and the pigment contents progressively decreased during the shelf life and the browning enzyme activities responsible for phenolic oxidation increased at different intensities throughout storage. At the end of the shelf-life period, the fresh weight loss of the fresh-cut product was less than 1% of the original weight. The results demonstrated that watercress grown in FL is a standardised baby leaf vegetable that is suitable for processing in the fresh-cut industry and for storing for more than 10 days. Unclear results were obtained for Bacillus subtilis in the postharvest period due to the inconsistent responses of the different analysed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pignata
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA University of Turin, UNITO, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44-Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Andrea Ertani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA University of Turin, UNITO, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44-Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Manuela Casale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA University of Turin, UNITO, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44-Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Diana Niñirola
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (D.N.); (C.E.-G.); (J.A.F.)
- Brassica Breeding Group, Sakata Seed Ibérica S.L.U. Plaza Poeta Vicente García, 6, 46021 Valencia, Spain
| | - Catalina Egea-Gilabert
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (D.N.); (C.E.-G.); (J.A.F.)
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+i, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (D.N.); (C.E.-G.); (J.A.F.)
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+i, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA University of Turin, UNITO, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44-Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
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Hibbert L, Taylor G. Improving phosphate use efficiency in the aquatic crop watercress (Nasturtium officinale). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac011. [PMID: 35147194 PMCID: PMC8969064 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Watercress is a nutrient-dense leafy green crop, traditionally grown in aquatic outdoor systems and increasingly seen as well-suited for indoor hydroponic systems. However, there is concern that this crop has a detrimental impact on the environment through direct phosphate additions causing environmental pollution. Phosphate-based fertilisers are supplied to enhanced crop yield, but their use may contribute to eutrophication of waterways downstream of traditional watercress farms. One option is to develop a more phosphate use efficient (PUE) crop. This review identifies the key traits for this aquatic crop (the ideotype), for future selection, marker development and breeding. Traits identified as important for PUE are (i) increased root surface area through prolific root branching and adventitious root formation, (ii) aerenchyma formation and root hair growth. Functional genomic traits for improved PUE are (iii) efficacious phosphate remobilisation and scavenging strategies and (iv) the use of alternative metabolic pathways. Key genomic targets for this aquatic crop are identified as: PHT phosphate transporter genes, global transcriptional regulators such as those of the SPX family and genes involved in galactolipid and sulfolipid biosynthesis such as MGD2/3, PECP1, PSR2, PLDζ1/2 and SQD2. Breeding for enhanced PUE in watercress will be accelerated by improved molecular genetic resources such as a full reference genome sequence that is currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hibbert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gail Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Sathasivam R, Bong SJ, Park CH, Kim JH, Kim JK, Park SU. Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes and Carotenoid Accumulation in Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:430-442. [PMID: 35036712 PMCID: PMC8756599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an important aquatic herb species belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It has various medicinal properties and has been utilized for the treatment of cancer and other diseases; however, currently available genomic information regarding this species is limited. Here, we performed the first comprehensive analysis of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP) genes of N. officinale, which were identified from next-generation sequencing data. We identified and characterized 11 putative carotenoid pathway genes; among these, nine full and two partial open reading frames were determined. These genes were closely related to CBP genes of the other higher plants in the phylogenetic tree. Three-dimensional structure analysis and multiple alignments revealed several distinct conserved motifs, including aspartate or glutamate residues, carotene-binding motifs, and dinucleotide-binding motifs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the CBP was expressed in a tissue-specific manner: expression levels of NoPSY, NoPDS, NoZDS-p, NoCrtISO, NoLCYE, NoCHXE-p, and NoCCD were highest in the flower, whereas NoLCYB, NoCHXB, NoZEP, and NoNCED were highest in the leaves. Stems, roots, and seeds did not show a significant change in the expression compared to the leaves and flowers. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the same organs showed the presence of seven distinct carotenoid compounds. The total carotenoid content was highest in the leaves followed by flowers, seeds, stems, and roots. Among the seven individual carotenoids, the levels of six carotenoids (i.e., 13-Z-β-carotene, 9-Z-β-carotene, E-β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) were highest in the leaves. The highest content was observed for lutein, followed by E-β-carotene, and 9-Z-β-carotene; these carotenoids were much higher in the leaves compared to the other organs. The results will be useful references for further molecular genetics and functional studies involving this species and other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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9
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Agerbirk N, Hansen CC, Olsen CE, Kiefer C, Hauser TP, Christensen S, Jensen KR, Ørgaard M, Pattison DI, Lange CBA, Cipollini D, Koch MA. Glucosinolate profiles and phylogeny in Barbarea compared to other tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) and Reseda (Resedaceae), based on a library of ion trap HPLC-MS/MS data of reference desulfoglucosinolates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 185:112658. [PMID: 33744557 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A library of ion trap MS2 spectra and HPLC retention times reported here allowed distinction in plants of at least 70 known glucosinolates (GSLs) and some additional proposed GSLs. We determined GSL profiles of selected members of the tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) as well as Reseda (Resedaceae) used as outgroup in evolutionary studies. We included several accessions of each species and a range of organs, and paid attention to minor peaks and GSLs not detected. In this way, we obtained GSL profiles of Barbarea australis, Barbarea grayi, Planodes virginica selected for its apparent intermediacy between Barbarea and the remaining tribe and family, and Rorippa sylvestris and Nasturtium officinale, for which the presence of acyl derivatives of GSLs was previously untested. We also screened Armoracia rusticana, with a remarkably diverse GSL profile, the emerging model species Cardamine hirsuta, for which we discovered a GSL polymorphism, and Reseda luteola and Reseda odorata. The potential for aliphatic GSL biosynthesis in Barbarea vulgaris was of interest, and we subjected P-type and G-type B. vulgaris to several induction regimes in an attempt to induce aliphatic GSL. However, aliphatic GSLs were not detected in any of the B. vulgaris types. We characterized the investigated chemotypes phylogenetically, based on nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, in order to understand their relation to the species B. vulgaris in general, and found them to be representative of the species as it occurs in Europe, as far as documented in available ITS-sequence repositories. In short, we provide GSL profiles of a wide variety of tribe Cardamineae plants and conclude aliphatic GSLs to be absent or below our limit of detection in two major evolutionary lines of B. vulgaris. Concerning analytical chemistry, we conclude that availability of authentic reference compounds or reference materials is critical for reliable GSL analysis and characterize two publicly available reference materials: seeds of P. virginica and N. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Cetti Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christiane Kiefer
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thure P Hauser
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stina Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karen R Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marian Ørgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - David I Pattison
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Conny Bruun Asmussen Lange
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Don Cipollini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Agerbirk N, Hansen CC, Kiefer C, Hauser TP, Ørgaard M, Asmussen Lange CB, Cipollini D, Koch MA. Comparison of glucosinolate diversity in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae and the remaining order Brassicales highlights repetitive evolutionary loss and gain of biosynthetic steps. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 185:112668. [PMID: 33743499 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We review glucosinolate (GSL) diversity and analyze phylogeny in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae as well as selected species from Brassicaceae (tribe Brassiceae) and Resedaceae. Some GSLs occur widely, while there is a scattered distribution of many less common GSLs, tentatively sorted into three classes: ancient, intermediate and more recently evolved. The number of conclusively identified GSLs in the tribe (53 GSLs) constitute 60% of all GSLs known with certainty from any plant (89 GSLs) and apparently unique GSLs in the tribe constitute 10 of those GSLs conclusively identified (19%). Intraspecific, qualitative GSL polymorphism is known from at least four species in the tribe. The most ancient GSL biosynthesis in Brassicales probably involved biosynthesis from Phe, Val, Leu, Ile and possibly Trp, and hydroxylation at the β-position. From a broad comparison of families in Brassicales and tribes in Brassicaceae, we estimate that a common ancestor of the tribe Cardamineae and the family Brassicaceae exhibited GSL biosynthesis from Phe, Val, Ile, Leu, possibly Tyr, Trp and homoPhe (ancient GSLs), as well as homologs of Met and possibly homoIle (intermediate age GSLs). From the comparison of phylogeny and GSL diversity, we also suggest that hydroxylation and subsequent methylation of indole GSLs and usual modifications of Met-derived GSLs (formation of sulfinyls, sulfonyls and alkenyls) occur due to conserved biochemical mechanisms and was present in a common ancestor of the family. Apparent loss of homologs of Met as biosynthetic precursors was deduced in the entire genus Barbarea and was frequent in Cardamine (e.g. C. pratensis, C. diphylla, C. concatenata, possibly C. amara). The loss was often associated with appearance of significant levels of unique or rare GSLs as well as recapitulation of ancient types of GSLs. Biosynthetic traits interpreted as de novo evolution included hydroxylation at rare positions, acylation at the thioglucose and use of dihomoIle and possibly homoIle as biosynthetic precursors. Biochemical aspects of the deduced evolution are discussed and testable hypotheses proposed. Biosyntheses from Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Trp, homoPhe and homologs of Met are increasingly well understood, while GSL biosynthesis from mono- and dihomoIle is poorly understood. Overall, interpretation of known diversity suggests that evolution of GSL biosynthesis often seems to recapitulate ancient biosynthesis. In contrast, unprecedented GSL biosynthetic innovation seems to be rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Cetti Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christiane Kiefer
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thure P Hauser
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marian Ørgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Conny Bruun Asmussen Lange
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Don Cipollini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Clemente M, Miguel MD, Felipe KB, Gribner C, Moura PF, Rigoni AAR, Parisotto EB, Henneberg R, Dias JDFG, Piltz MT, Clemente EF, Schonhofen CB, Carvalho JLS, Fernandes LC, Miguel OG. Effect of watercress extract supplementation on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers in overweight people with physical disability: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2211-2219. [PMID: 33507592 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that diet rich in cruciferous vegetables of the Brassicaceae family can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and oxidative stress levels. Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae), commonly known as watercress is a perennial dicotyledonous plant usually found close to water. Although previous investigations have demonstrated the beneficial effects of watercress on hypercholesterolemia in animal studies, until now no such studies have been conducted with humans, up to this time. This study aimed to investigate whether overweight individuals were able to improve or maintain their serum lipid and oxidative stress markers when given standardized extract of Nasturtium officinale (SENO) as a supplement. This was a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial conducted over 5 weeks. Thirty-four overweight people with physical disabilities were selected randomly to participate in this study and then they were assigned randomly to two groups, one treated with 750 mg//kg/d of SENO and the other treated with 750 mg/kg/d of placebo. The results indicated that SENO caused a significant improvement in the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, and lipid peroxidation. However, SENO did not cause a significant statistical change in total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein levels; catalase, superoxide dismutase, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea parameters. The present data might provide supportive evidence that SENO did not cause any harm and positively affected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol profile and creatinine as well as lipid peroxidation levels in the participants. Nevertheless, further studies are suggested to clarify the results presented in this clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Clemente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marilis D Miguel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Karina B Felipe
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Caroline Gribner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paula F Moura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana A R Rigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Parisotto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Railson Henneberg
- Clinical Analysis Department, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Marina T Piltz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Erick F Clemente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Christian B Schonhofen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João L S Carvalho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Obdúlio G Miguel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Müller JT, van Veen H, Bartylla MM, Akman M, Pedersen O, Sun P, Schuurink RC, Takeuchi J, Todoroki Y, Weig AR, Sasidharan R, Mustroph A. Keeping the shoot above water - submergence triggers antithetical growth responses in stems and petioles of watercress (Nasturtium officinale). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:140-155. [PMID: 31792981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling underwater elongation are based extensively on studies on internode elongation in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and petiole elongation in Rumex rosette species. Here, we characterize underwater growth in the dicot Nasturtium officinale (watercress), a wild species of the Brassicaceae family, in which submergence enhances stem elongation and suppresses petiole growth. We used a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antithetical growth responses. Though submergence caused a substantial reconfiguration of the petiole and stem transcriptome, only little qualitative differences were observed between both tissues. A core submergence response included hormonal regulation and metabolic readjustment for energy conservation, whereas tissue-specific responses were associated with defense, photosynthesis, and cell wall polysaccharides. Transcriptomic and physiological characterization suggested that the established ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and GA growth regulatory module for underwater elongation could not fully explain underwater growth in watercress. Petiole growth suppression is likely attributed to a cell cycle arrest. Underwater stem elongation is driven by an early decline in ABA and is not primarily mediated by ethylene or GA. An enhanced stem elongation observed in the night period was not linked to hypoxia and suggests an involvement of circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana T Müller
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Malte M Bartylla
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melis Akman
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 361 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Alfons R Weig
- Genomics & Bioinformatics, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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13
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Coscueta ER, Reis CA, Pintado M. Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate Extracted from Watercress By-Products with Aqueous Micellar Systems: Development and Optimisation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080698. [PMID: 32756474 PMCID: PMC7465691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) was reported as a useful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive agent. Due to technological and stability issues, it is necessary to be able to extract PEITC from its natural matrix (watercress) through sustainable and scalable methodologies. In this article, we explored, for the first time, the extractive capacity of aqueous micellar systems (AMSs) of two non-ionic surfactants. For this, we compared the AMSs with conventional organic solvents. Furthermore, we developed and optimised a new integral PEITC production and extraction process by a multifactorial experimental design. Finally, we analysed the antioxidant capacity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ABTS methods. As results, the AMSs were able to extract PEITC at the same level as the tested conventional solvents. In addition, we optimised by response surface methodology the integrated process (2.0% m/m, 25.0 °C, pH 9.0), which was equally effective (ca. 2900 µg PEITC/g watercress), regardless of the surfactant used. The optimal extracts showed greater antioxidant capacity than pure PEITC, due to other antioxidant compounds extracted in the process. In conclusion, by the present work, we developed an innovative cost-effective and low environmental impact process for obtaining PEITC extracts from watercress by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel R. Coscueta
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.R.C.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-0001 (M.P.)
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.R.C.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-0001 (M.P.)
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14
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Bong SJ, Jeon J, Park YJ, Kim JK, Park SU. Identification and analysis of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and phenylpropanoid accumulation in watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:260. [PMID: 32477847 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a cruciferous plant consumed by people worldwide. This vegetable contains numerous health-benefiting compounds; however, gene information and metabolomic profiling of individual parts for this plant species are scarce. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and the content of phenylpropanoids in different parts of watercress. We identified 11 genes encoding enzymes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds of watercress. The result showed that most of the genes were expressed at the highest levels in the flowers. HPLC analysis performed in samples from these same parts revealed the presence of seven phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. The content of total phenylpropanoids was the highest in flowers, followed by that in the leaves, whereas the lowest level was generally detected in the stems. Rutin was the most abundant phenylpropanoid in all plant segments, while quercetin was detected only in the flowers and roots. This study provides useful information for further molecular and functional research involving N. officinale and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Bong
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Yun Ji Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- 2Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
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16
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Liu TJ, Zhang YJ, Agerbirk N, Wang HP, Wei XC, Song JP, He HJ, Zhao XZ, Zhang XH, Li XX. A high-density genetic map and QTL mapping of leaf traits and glucosinolates in Barbarea vulgaris. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:371. [PMID: 31088355 PMCID: PMC6518621 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Barbarea vulgaris is a wild cruciferous plant and include two distinct types: the G- and P-types named after their glabrous and pubescent leaves, respectively. The types differ significantly in resistance to a range of insects and diseases as well as glucosinolates and other chemical defenses. A high-density linkage map was needed for further progress to be made in the molecular research of this plant. Results We performed restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) on an F2 population generated from G- and P-type B. vulgaris. A total of 1545 SNP markers were mapped and ordered in eight linkage groups, which represents the highest density linkage map to date for the crucifer tribe Cardamineae. A total of 722 previously published genome contigs (50.2 Mb, 30% of the total length) can be anchored to this high density genetic map, an improvement compared to a previously published map (431 anchored contigs, 38.7 Mb, 23% of the assembly genome). Most of these (572 contigs, 31.2 Mb) were newly anchored to the map, representing a significant improvement. On the basis of the present high-density genetic map, 37 QTL were detected for eleven traits, each QTL explaining 2.9–71.3% of the phenotype variation. QTL of glucosinolates, leaf size and color traits were in most cases overlapping, possibly implying a functional connection. Conclusions This high-density linkage map and the QTL obtained in this study will be useful for further understanding of the genetic of the B. vulgaris and molecular basis of these traits, many of which are shared in the related crop watercress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5769-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Jin Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wei
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-Ju He
- Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Zhao
- Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xi-Xiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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17
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Mandáková T, Lysak MA. Healthy Roots and Leaves: Comparative Genome Structure of Horseradish and Watercress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:66-73. [PMID: 30397022 PMCID: PMC6324231 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale) are economically important cruciferous vegetable species with limited genomic resources. We used comparative chromosome painting to identify the extent of chromosomal collinearity between horseradish and watercress, and to reconstruct the origin and evolution of the two tetraploid genomes (2n = 4x = 32). Our results show that horseradish and watercress genomes originated from a common ancestral (n = 8) genome, structurally resembling the Ancestral Crucifer Karyotype (n = 8), which, however, contained two unique translocation chromosomes (AK6/8 and AK8/6). Except for a 2.4-Mb unequal chromosome translocation in watercress, both genomes are structurally identical. The structural similarity of the two parental subgenomes might suggest an autotetraploid origin of horseradish and watercress genomes. The subgenome stasis, apart from the single-chromosome translocation, indicates that homeologous recombination played a limited role in postpolyploid evolution in both tetraploid genomes. The octoploid genome of one-rowed watercress (N. microphyllum, 2n = 8x = 64), structurally mirroring the tetraploid horseradish and watercress genomes, originated via autopolyploidization from the immediate tetraploid predecessor of watercress or hybridization between this and another now-extinct tetraploid Nasturtium species. These comparative cytogenomic maps in horseradish and watercress represent a first stepping stone for future whole-genome sequencing efforts and genetic improvement of both crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Mandáková
- Plant Cytogenomics Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin A Lysak
- Plant Cytogenomics Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gutiérrez-Velázquez MV, Almaraz-Abarca N, Herrera-Arrieta Y, Ávila-Reyes JA, González-Valdez LS, Torres-Ricario R, Uribe-Soto JN, Monreal-García HM. Comparison of the phenolic contents and epigenetic and genetic variability of wild and cultivated watercress ( Rorippa nasturtium var. aquaticum L.). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Bell L, Oloyede OO, Lignou S, Wagstaff C, Methven L. Taste and Flavor Perceptions of Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates, and Related Compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700990. [PMID: 29578640 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Brassicaceae plants are renowned for their taste, aroma and trigeminal characteristics; predominantly bitter taste, sulfurous aroma, and pungency. Compounds responsible for these sensations include the glucosinolates (GSLs) and their hydrolysis products, particularly isothiocyanates (ITCs), but also sulfur-containing volatile compounds. This article reviews the relative importance of taste and flavor perceptions resulting from such compounds; collating evidence from papers where findings are based on sensory analytical correlations, and those that have extracted specific compounds prior to sensory evaluation. Where specific GSLs impart bitterness and many ITCs impart pungency, this is clearly not true for all GSLs and ITCs. Designing crop improvement strategies for sensory traits based on total GSL content would be flawed, as it does not consider the relative differences in sensory characteristics of different GSLs and ITCs, nor the contribution from other GSL hydrolysis products. In addition, some Brassicaceae plants are consumed raw, whilst others are cooked; this affects not only the hydrolysis of GSLs, but also the generation and release of sulfides. Therefore, in breeding new plant varieties, it is prudent to consider the individual GSLs, the typical cooking conditions the plant is subjected to, enzyme stability, and resultant composition of both GSL hydrolysis products (including ITCs) and sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Omobolanle O Oloyede
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Stella Lignou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, Berkshire, UK
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Bell L, Wagstaff C. Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9379-9403. [PMID: 28968493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) produced by Brassicaceae plants are popular targets for analysis due to the health benefits associated with them. Breeders aim to increase the concentrations in commercial varieties; however, there are few examples of this. The most well-known is Beneforté broccoli, which has increased glucoraphanin/sulforaphane concentrations compared to those of conventional varieties. It was developed through traditional breeding methods with considerations for processing, consumption, and health made throughout this process. Many studies presented in the literature do not take a holistic approach, and key points about breeding, cultivation methods, postharvest storage, sensory attributes, and consumer preferences are not properly taken into account. In this review, we draw together data for multiple species and address how such factors can influence GSL profiles. We encourage researchers and institutions to engage with industry and consumers to produce research that can be utilized in the improvement of Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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Jeon J, Bong SJ, Park JS, Park YK, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU. De novo transcriptome analysis and glucosinolate profiling in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:401. [PMID: 28535746 PMCID: PMC5442658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an aquatic herb species that is a rich source of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates. Among these glucosinolates, watercress contains high amounts of gluconasturtiin (2-phenethyl glucosinolate) and its hydrolysis product, 2-phennethyl isothiocyanate, which plays a role in suppressing tumor growth. However, the use of N. officinale as a source of herbal medicines is currently limited due to insufficient genomic and physiological information. Results To acquire precise information on glucosinolate biosynthesis in N. officinale, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of different organs of N. officinale. Transcriptome analysis of N. officinale seedlings yielded 69,570,892 raw reads. These reads were assembled into 69,635 transcripts, 64,876 of which were annotated to transcripts in public databases. On the basis of the functional annotation of N. officinale, we identified 33 candidate genes encoding enzymes related to glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways and analyzed the expression of these genes in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds of N. officinale. The expression of NoMYB28 and NoMYB29, the main regulators of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, was highest in the stems, whereas the key regulators of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis, such as NoDof1.1, NoMYB34, NoMYB51, and NoMYB122, were strongly expressed in the roots. Most glucosinolate biosynthetic genes were highly expressed in the flowers. HPLC analysis enabled us to detect eight glucosinolates in the different organs of N. officinale. Among these glucosinolates, the level of gluconasturtiin was considerably higher than any other glucosinolate in individual organs, and the amount of total glucosinolates was highest in the flower. Conclusions This study has enhanced our understanding of functional genomics of N. officinale, including the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways of this plant. Ultimately, our data will be helpful for further research on watercress bio-engineering and better strategies for exploiting its anti-carcinogenic properties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3792-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | | | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Olsen CE, Huang XC, Hansen CIC, Cipollini D, Ørgaard M, Matthes A, Geu-Flores F, Koch MA, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate diversity within a phylogenetic framework of the tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) unraveled with HPLC-MS/MS and NMR-based analytical distinction of 70 desulfoglucosinolates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 132:33-56. [PMID: 27743600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As a basis for future investigations of evolutionary trajectories and biosynthetic mechanisms underlying variations in glucosinolate structures, we screened members of the crucifer tribe Cardamineae by HPLC-MS/MS, isolated and identified glucosinolates by NMR, searched the literature for previous data for the tribe, and collected HPLC-MS/MS data for nearly all glucosinolates known from the tribe as well as some related structures (70 in total). This is a considerable proportion of the approximately 142 currently documented natural glucosinolates. Calibration with authentic references allowed distinction (or elucidation) of isomers in many cases, such as distinction of β-hydroxyls, methylthios, methylsulfinyls and methylsulfonyls. A mechanism for fragmentation of secondary β-hydroxyls in MS was elucidated, and two novel glucosinolates were discovered: 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentylglucosinolate in roots of Cardamine pratensis and 2-hydroxy-8-(methylsulfinyl)octylglucosinolate in seeds of Rorippa amphibia. A large number of glucosinolates (ca. 54 with high structural certainty and a further 28 or more suggested from tandem MS), representing a wide structural variation, is documented from the tribe. This included glucosinolates apparently derived from Met, Phe, Trp, Val/Leu, Ile and higher homologues. Normal side chain elongation and side chain decoration by oxidation or methylation was observed, as well as rare abnormal side chain decoration (hydroxylation of aliphatics at the δ rather than β-position). Some species had diverse profiles, e.g. R. amphibia and C. pratensis (19 and 16 individual glucosinolates, respectively), comparable to total diversity in literature reports of Armoracia rusticana (17?), Barbarea vulgaris (20-24), and Rorippa indica (>20?). The ancestor or the tribe would appear to have used Trp, Met, and homoPhe as glucosinolate precursor amino acids, and to exhibit oxidation of thio to sulfinyl, formation of alkenyls, β-hydroxylation of aliphatic chains and hydroxylation and methylation of indole glucosinolates. Two hotspots of apparent biochemical innovation and loss were identified: C. pratensis and the genus Barbarea. Diversity in other species mainly included structures also known from other crucifers. In addition to a role of gene duplication, two contrasting genetic/biochemical mechanisms for evolution of such combined diversity and redundancy are discussed: (i) involvement of widespread genes with expression varying during evolution, and (ii) mutational changes in substrate specificities of CYP79F and GS-OH enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Chen Huang
- Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilie I C Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Don Cipollini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Marian Ørgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Matthes
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fernando Geu-Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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