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Fan S, Chen J, Yang R. Candidate Genes for Salt Tolerance in Forage Sorghum under Saline Conditions from Germination to Harvest Maturity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020293. [PMID: 36833220 PMCID: PMC9956952 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the plant adaptability of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in salinity, the research focus should shift from only selecting tolerant varieties to understanding the precise whole-plant genetic coping mechanisms with long-term influence on various phenotypes of interest to expanding salinity, improving water use, and ensuring nutrient use efficiency. In this review, we discovered that multiple genes may play pleiotropic regulatory roles in sorghum germination, growth, and development, salt stress response, forage value, and the web of signaling networks. The conserved domain and gene family analysis reveals a remarkable functional overlap among members of the bHLH (basic helix loop helix), WRKY (WRKY DNA-binding domain), and NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) superfamilies. Shoot water and carbon partitioning, for example, are dominated by genes from the aquaporins and SWEET families, respectively. The gibberellin (GA) family of genes is prevalent during pre-saline exposure seed dormancy breaking and early embryo development at post-saline exposure. To improve the precision of the conventional method of determining silage harvest maturity time, we propose three phenotypes and their underlying genetic mechanisms: (i) the precise timing of transcriptional repression of cytokinin biosynthesis (IPT) and stay green (stg1 and stg2) genes; (ii) the transcriptional upregulation of the SbY1 gene and (iii) the transcriptional upregulation of the HSP90-6 gene responsible for grain filling with nutritive biochemicals. This work presents a potential resource for sorghum salt tolerance and genetic studies for forage and breeding.
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2
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Li K, Fan Y, Zhou G, Liu X, Chen S, Chang X, Wu W, Duan L, Yao M, Wang R, Wang Z, Yang M, Ding Y, Ren M, Fan Y, Zhang L. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiles of trihelix transcription factor family genes in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under abiotic stress conditions. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:499. [PMID: 35810309 PMCID: PMC9271251 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The trihelix family of transcription factors plays essential roles in the growth, development, and abiotic stress response of plants. Although several studies have been performed on the trihelix gene family in several dicots and monocots, this gene family is yet to be studied in Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa). Results In this study, 47 C. quinoa trihelix (CqTH) genes were in the quinoa genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the CqTH and trihelix genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and Beta vulgaris revealed that the genes were clustered into five subfamilies: SIP1, GTγ, GT1, GT2, and SH4. Additionally, synteny analysis revealed that the CqTH genes were located on 17 chromosomes, with the exception of chromosomes 8 and 11, and 23 pairs of segmental duplication genes were detected. Furthermore, expression patterns of 10 CqTH genes in different plant tissues and at different developmental stages under abiotic stress and phytohormone treatment were examined. Among the 10 genes, CqTH02, CqTH25, CqTH18, CqTH19, CqTH25, CqTH31, and CqTH36, were highly expressed in unripe achenes 21 d after flowering and in mature achenes compared with other plant tissues. Notably, the 10 CqTH genes were upregulated in UV-treated leaves, whereas CqTH36 was consistently upregulated in the leaves under all abiotic stress conditions. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that gene duplication could be a major driver of trihelix gene evolution in quinoa. These findings could serve as a basis for future studies on the roles of CqTH transcription factors and present potential genetic markers for breeding stress-resistant and high-yielding quinoa varieties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08726-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China.,College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, 843100, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Xiangcai Chang
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Maoxing Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Zili Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China
| | - Mingjian Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China.,Guizhou Branch of National Wheat Improvement Center of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025, P.R. China.
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China.
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Li K, Duan L, Zhang Y, Shi M, Chen S, Yang M, Ding Y, Peng Y, Dong Y, Yang H, Li Z, Zhang L, Fan Y, Ren M. Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of trihelix transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:738. [PMID: 34649496 PMCID: PMC8515681 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors, including trihelix transcription factors, play vital roles in various growth and developmental processes and in abiotic stress responses in plants. The trihelix gene has been systematically studied in some dicots and monocots, including Arabidopsis, tomato, chrysanthemum, soybean, wheat, corn, rice, and buckwheat. However, there are no related studies on sorghum. Results In this study, a total of 40 sorghum trihelix (SbTH) genes were identified based on the sorghum genome, among which 34 were located in the nucleus, 5 in the chloroplast, 1 (SbTH38) in the cytoplasm, and 1 (SbTH23) in the extracellular membrane. Phylogenetic analysis of the SbTH genes and Arabidopsis and rice trihelix genes indicated that the genes were clustered into seven subfamilies: SIP1, GTγ, GT1, GT2, SH4, GTSb8, and orphan genes. The SbTH genes were located in nine chromosomes and none on chromosome 10. One pair of tandem duplication gene and seven pairs of segmental duplication genes were identified in the SbTH gene family. By qPCR, the expression of 14 SbTH members in different plant tissues and in plants exposed to six abiotic stresses at the seedling stage were quantified. Except for the leaves in which the genes were upregulated after only 2 h exposure to high temperature, the 12 SbTH genes were significantly upregulated in the stems of sorghum seedlings after 24 h under the other abiotic stress conditions. Among the selected genes, SbTH10/37/39 were significantly upregulated, whereas SbTH32 was significantly downregulated under different stress conditions. Conclusions In this study, we identified 40 trihelix genes in sorghum and found that gene duplication was the main force driving trihelix gene evolution in sorghum. The findings of our study serve as a basis for further investigation of the functions of SbTH genes and providing candidate genes for stress-resistant sorghum breeding programmes and increasing sorghum yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08000-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoxiao Shi
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, People's Republic of China
| | - Songshu Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashu Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Dong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Branch of National Wheat Improvement Center of Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjian Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China. .,Guizhou Branch of National Wheat Improvement Center of Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cucinotta M, Cavalleri A, Chandler JW, Colombo L. Auxin and Flower Development: A Blossoming Field. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039974. [PMID: 33355218 PMCID: PMC7849340 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the species-specific floral organ body plan involves many coordinated spatiotemporal processes, which include the perception of positional information that specifies floral meristem and floral organ founder cells, coordinated organ outgrowth coupled with the generation and maintenance of inter-organ and inter-whorl boundaries, and the termination of meristem activity. Auxin is integrated within the gene regulatory networks that control these processes and plays instructive roles at the level of tissue-specific biosynthesis and polar transport to generate local maxima, perception, and signaling. Key features of auxin function in several floral contexts include cell nonautonomy, interaction with cytokinin gradients, and the central role of MONOPTEROS and ETTIN to regulate canonical and noncanonical auxin response pathways, respectively. Arabidopsis flowers are not representative of the enormous angiosperm floral diversity; therefore, comparative studies are required to understand how auxin underlies these developmental differences. It will be of great interest to compare the conservation of auxin pathways among flowering plants and to discuss the evolutionary role of auxin in floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Flow cytometry and sorting represents a valuable and mature experimental platform for the analysis of cellular populations. Applications involving higher plants started to emerge around 40 years ago and are now widely employed both to provide unique information regarding basic and applied questions in the biosciences and to advance agricultural productivity in practical ways. Further development of this platform is being actively pursued, and this promises additional progress in our understanding of the interactions of cells within complex tissues and organs. Higher plants offer unique challenges in terms of flow cytometric analysis, first since their organs and tissues are, almost without exception, three-dimensional assemblies of different cell types held together by tough cell walls, and, second, because individual plant cells are generally larger than those of mammals.This chapter, which updates work last reviewed in 2014 [Galbraith DW (2014) Flow cytometry and sorting in Arabidopsis. In: Sanchez Serrano JJ, Salinas J (eds) Arabidopsis Protocols, 3rd ed. Methods in molecular biology, vol 1062. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 509-537], describes the application of techniques of flow cytometry and sorting to the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, in particular emphasizing (a) fluorescence labeling in vivo of specific cell types and of subcellular components, (b) analysis using both conventional cytometers and spectral analyzers, (c) fluorescence-activated sorting of protoplasts and nuclei, and (d) transcriptome analyses using sorted protoplasts and nuclei, focusing on population analyses at the level of single protoplasts and nuclei. Since this is an update, details of new experimental methods are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Galbraith
- University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Henan University, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Guiling Sun
- Henan University, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kaifeng, China
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6
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Eeda SK, Werr W. Transcription of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 4 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 38:119150. [PMID: 33065216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic shadowing and chromatin accessibility data suggested that essential regulatory elements are absent in the 2.9 kb immediate upstream region of the published WOX4pro::YFP cambium marker. Inclusion of an additional 6.3 kb of upstream promoter sequence and confocal imaging with different fluorophores in transgenic Arabidopsis lines revealed a much wider cell-type-specific expression pattern in parenchymous cells of the aerial plant body. The previously demonstrated activity of the WOX4pro::YFP marker in the cambium of vascular strands in the young Arabidopsis inflorescence stem depicts only sectors of a circular subcortical layer of parenchymous AtWOX4-positive cells. Transcription starts in subepidermal cells within the inflorescence apex in a phyllotactic pattern and extends into successively branching lateral organs, which are connected via small tube-like domains of AtWOX4-expressing cells with the circular subcortical parenchymal layer that extends basipetally down the stem. AtWOX4 expression is most dynamic in leaves, where promoter activity is observed transiently at the adaxial side of the lamina and remains detectable later in the palisade parenchyma, although at a weaker level than in the vasculature. In the root the extended AtWOX4 promoter is active through the proximal root meristem, i.e. in the quiescent centre (QC) and its surrounding initials, a pattern that is broader than transcription of its stem cell promoting relative AtWOX5 in the QC. Outside the proximal meristem AtWOX4 transcription is observed in upper cell layers of the columella root cap beneath or above within the stele in proto- and metaxylem cells, in a ribbon-type pattern which divides the central cylinder in two equal halves. This xylem-specific expression it the root stele relates to established AtWOX4 activity in xylem parenchyma specificity within vascular bundles of the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Eeda
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674, Cologne, Germany.
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7
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Comelli P, Glowa D, Frerichs A, Engelhorn J, Chandler JW, Werr W. Functional dissection of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE enhancer 2 during embryonic and phyllotactic patterning. PLANTA 2020; 251:90. [PMID: 32236749 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE enhancer 2 comprises a high-occupancy target region in the IM periphery that integrates signals for the spiral phyllotactic pattern and cruciferous arrangement of sepals. Transcription of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) gene marks lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the inflorescence meristem (IM) and enhancer 2 (En2) in the DRNL promoter upstream region essentially contributes to this phyllotactic transcription pattern. Further analysis focused on the phylogenetically highly conserved 100-bp En2core element, which was sufficient to promote the phyllotactic pattern, but was recalcitrant to further shortening. Here, we show that En2core functions independent of orientation and create a series of mutations to study consequences on the transcription pattern. Their analysis shows that, first, in addition to in the inflorescence apex, En2core acts in the embryo; second, cis-regulatory target sequences are distributed throughout the 100-bp element, although substantial differences exist in their function between embryo and IM. Third, putative core auxin response elements (AuxREs) spatially activate or restrict DRNL expression, and fourth, according to chromatin configuration data, En2core enhancer activity in LOFCs correlates with an open chromatin structure at the DRNL transcription start. In combination, mutational and chromatin analyses imply that En2core comprises a high-occupancy target (HOT) region for transcription factors, which implements phyllotactic information for the spiral LOFC pattern in the IM periphery and coordinates the cruciferous array of floral sepals. Our data disfavor a contribution of activating auxin response factors (ARFs) but do not exclude auxin as a morphogenetic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Comelli
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Glowa
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anneke Frerichs
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Engelhorn
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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8
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Frerichs A, Engelhorn J, Altmüller J, Gutierrez-Marcos J, Werr W. Specific chromatin changes mark lateral organ founder cells in the Arabidopsis inflorescence meristem. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3867-3879. [PMID: 31037302 PMCID: PMC6685650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were combined to analyse the chromatin state of lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the Arabidopsis apetala1-1 cauliflower-1 double mutant inflorescence meristem. On a genome-wide level, we observed a striking correlation between transposase hypersensitive sites (THSs) detected by ATAC-seq and DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs). The mostly expanded DHSs were often substructured into several individual THSs, which correlated with phylogenetically conserved DNA sequences or enhancer elements. Comparing chromatin accessibility with available RNA-seq data, THS change configuration was reflected by gene activation or repression and chromatin regions acquired or lost transposase accessibility in direct correlation with gene expression levels in LOFCs. This was most pronounced immediately upstream of the transcription start, where genome-wide THSs were abundant in a complementary pattern to established H3K4me3 activation or H3K27me3 repression marks. At this resolution, the combined application of FACS/ATAC-seq is widely applicable to detect chromatin changes during cell-type specification and facilitates the detection of regulatory elements in plant promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Frerichs
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Engelhorn
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Weyertal Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
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9
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Uemura A, Yamaguchi N, Xu Y, Wee W, Ichihashi Y, Suzuki T, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Ito T. Regulation of floral meristem activity through the interaction of AGAMOUS, SUPERMAN, and CLAVATA3 in Arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:89-105. [PMID: 29218596 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Floral meristem size is redundantly controlled by CLAVATA3, AGAMOUS , and SUPERMAN in Arabidopsis. The proper regulation of floral meristem activity is key to the formation of optimally sized flowers with a fixed number of organs. In Arabidopsis thaliana, multiple regulators determine this activity. A small secreted peptide, CLAVATA3 (CLV3), functions as an important negative regulator of stem cell activity. Two transcription factors, AGAMOUS (AG) and SUPERMAN (SUP), act in different pathways to regulate the termination of floral meristem activity. Previous research has not addressed the genetic interactions among these three genes. Here, we quantified the floral developmental stage-specific phenotypic consequences of combining mutations of AG, SUP, and CLV3. Our detailed phenotypic and genetic analyses revealed that these three genes act in partially redundant pathways to coordinately modulate floral meristem sizes in a spatial and temporal manner. Analyses of the ag sup clv3 triple mutant, which developed a mass of undifferentiated cells in its flowers, allowed us to identify downstream targets of AG with roles in reproductive development and in the termination of floral meristem activity. Our study highlights the role of AG in repressing genes that are expressed in organ initial cells to control floral meristem activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uemura
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - WanYi Wee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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10
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Chandler JW. Class VIIIb APETALA2 Ethylene Response Factors in Plant Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:151-162. [PMID: 29074232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor superfamily in many plant species is extremely large. In addition to well-documented roles in stress responses, some AP2 members in arabidopsis, such as those of subgroup VIIIb, which includes DORNRÖSCHEN, DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE, PUCHI, and LEAFY PETIOLE, are also important developmental regulators throughout the plant life cycle. Information is accumulating from orthologs of these proteins in important crop species that they influence key agronomic traits, such as the release of bud-burst in woody perennials and floral meristem identity and branching in cereals, and thereby represent potential for agronomic improvement. Given the increasing recognition of their developmental significance, this review highlights the function of these proteins and addresses their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Chandler
- Institute for Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Chandler JW, Werr W. DORNRÖSCHEN, DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE, and PUCHI redundantly control floral meristem identity and organ initiation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3457-3472. [PMID: 28859377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The biphasic floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana involves many redundant intersecting regulatory networks. The related AP2 transcription factors DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN), DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL), and PUCHI individually execute well-characterized functions in diverse developmental contexts, including floral development. Here, we show that their combined loss of function leads to synergistic floral phenotypes, including reduced floral merosity in all whorls, which reflects redundant functions of all three genes in organ initiation rather than outgrowth. Additional loss of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 functions results in the complete conversion of floral meristems into secondary inflorescence shoots, demonstrating that all five genes define an essential regulatory network for establishing floral meristem identity, and we show that their functions converge to regulate LEAFY expression. Thus, despite their largely discrete spatiotemporal expression domains in the inflorescence meristem and early floral meristem, PUCHI, DRN, and DRNL interdependently contribute to cellular fate decisions. Auxin might represent one potential non-cell-autonomous mediator of their gene functions, because PUCHI, DRN, and DRNL all interact with auxin transport and biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - W Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Germany
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