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Melendez P, Redrovan D, Chelikani PK. Association between body condition score and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in Jersey cows. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1515. [PMID: 39207182 PMCID: PMC11360126 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body condition score (BCS) is a subjective tool and the deposition of subcutaneous fat differs from the deposition of abdominal fat. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate by multivariate regression models and ultrasonography the amount of fat accumulated in different areas of the abdominal cavity in Jersey non-pregnant non-lactating cows and its association with their BCS. METHODS From a commercial farm, 21 non-pregnant non-lactating Jersey cows were selected at random. Cows were placed in a headlock line, and BCS was evaluated (scale 1-5 with a 0.25 unit increment) by the same assessor. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed using a Sonosite machine in duplicate, considering key anatomical points of the body to predict total abdominal fat (AT), retroperitoneal fat (RT), omental fat (OT) and mesenteric fat (MT). A regression analysis for each abdominal fat depot and the BCS was run using SAS. RESULTS Models from the lowest to the largest r2 are reported. The r2 for the models were MT r2 = 0.023; RT r2 = 0.1047; OT r2 = 0.323 and AT r2 = 0.369. Correlation between BCS and abdominal fat depots was positive, lower for mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat, but higher for omental and total abdominal fat. Cows were divided on the basis of the median of BCS distribution to high (≥3.5) and low (≤3.25). Those with high BCS had significantly larger amounts of fat in different anatomical areas of abdominal cavity than cows with low BCS. CONCLUSION BCS has a low-to-moderate association with abdominal fat depots, but a high variability exists within each BCS punctuation, which supports the notion that fat accumulation patterns and metabolic turnover between abdominal and subcutaneous fat differ from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melendez
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Daniela Redrovan
- School of Veterinary MedicineTexas Tech UniversityAmarilloTexasUSA
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Maiullari F, Milan M, Chirivì M, Ceraolo MG, Bousselmi S, Fratini N, Galbiati M, Fortunato O, Costantini M, Brambilla F, Mauri P, Di Silvestre D, Calogero A, Sciarra T, Rizzi R, Bearzi C. Enhancing neovascularization post-myocardial infarction through injectable hydrogel functionalized with endothelial-derived EVs. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045009. [PMID: 38986455 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, cell therapy development has fallen short of expectations, with many cellular sources demonstrating a 'Janus effect' and raising safety concerns. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), supported by advanced technologies, present a promising avenue in regenerative medicine, offering benefits such as immune tolerance and avoidance of negative aspects associated with cell transplants. Our previous research showcased enhanced and organized subcutaneous vascularization using three-dimensional bioprinted patches containing HUVEC-derived EVs in immunodeficient animal models. In this context, stress conditions on the cells of origin further boosted the EVs' neoangiogenic potential. Since neovascularization is the first regenerative target requiring restoration, the present study aims to complement our previous work by employing an injectable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel functionalized with HUVEC-derived EVs in a pathological condition of acute myocardial infarction. This bioactive hydrogel resulted in reduced fibrosis, improved contractility, and promoted angiogenesis, showing promise in countering tissue deterioration and addressing vascular deficits. Moreover, the molecular characterization of EVs through miRNome and proteomic analyses further supports their potential as bio-additives for hydrogel functionalization. This cell-free approach mitigates immune rejection and oncogenic risks, offering innovative therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Maiullari
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della RicercaScientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Salma Bousselmi
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della RicercaScientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Fratini
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Galbiati
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry-Polish Academy of Sciences, MarcinaKasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Brambilla
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Joint Veteran Center, Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Milan, Italy
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Chen YC, Chen JH, Tsai CF, Wu CY, Chang CN, Wu CT, Yeh WL. Protective effects of paeonol against cognitive impairment in lung diseases. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 155:101-112. [PMID: 38797534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation may lead to neuroinflammation resulting in neurological dysfunction, and it is associated with a variety of acute and chronic lung diseases. Paeonol is a herbal phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The aim of this study is to understand the beneficial effects of paeonol on cognitive impairment, pulmonary inflammation and its underlying mechanisms. Pulmonary inflammation-associated cognitive deficit was observed in TNFα-stimulated mice, and paeonol mitigated the cognitive impairment by reducing the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in hippocampus. Moreover, elevated plasma miR-34c-5p in lung-inflamed mice was also reduced by paeonol. Pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of TNFα in mice resulted in immune cells infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, pulmonary edema, and acute fibrosis, and these inflammatory responses were alleviated by paeonol orally. In MH-S alveolar macrophages, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α- and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced inflammasome activation was ameliorated by paeonol. In addition, the expressions of antioxidants were elevated by paeonol, and reactive oxygen species production was reduced. In this study, paeonol demonstrates protective effects against cognitive deficits and pulmonary inflammation by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, suggesting a powerful benefit as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Road, Taichung, 427213, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Wu
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ni Chang
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
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McCarty KJ, DeCarlo AN, Ricks RE, Pratt SL, Long NM. Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during gestation on bovine serum microRNA abundance. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 263:107435. [PMID: 38401394 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of maternal nutrient restriction during gestation on serum microRNA (miRNA) abundance in cattle. Primiparous Angus-cross cows (n=22) were fed either control (CON; to gain 1 Kg/week) or nutrient restricted (NR; 0.55% NEm) diets based on National Research Council requirements. On day 30 of gestation, cows were blocked by body condition and randomly assigned to one of three diets: CON (n=8) days 30-190; NR (n=7) days 30-110 followed by CON days 110-190 (NR/C); or CON (n=7) days 30-110 followed by NR days 110-190 (C/NR). At 190 days of gestation, maternal serum was collected for RNA isolation and analyzed using a miRNA microarray of known Bos taurus sequences. Data were normalized using LOWESS and analyzed via ANOVA. At 190 days of gestation, 16 miRNAs exhibited differential abundance (P<0.05) between treatments. Cows that underwent NR, irrespective of when the insult occurred, had downregulated bta-miR-126-3p compared to CON cows. Bta-miR-16b was downregulated and three miRNAs upregulated in NR/C compared to C/NR and CON cows. Additionally, seven miRNAs were downregulated and four miRNAs upregulated in C/NR compared to NR/C and CON cows. Comparison of NR/C and C/NR cows revealed three differentially abundant (P<0.04) miRNAs (bta-miR-2487_L-2R-3_1ss15CT, bta-miR-215, and bta-miR-760-5p). Top KEGG pathway enrichment of target genes included: pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, Ras signaling, proteoglycans in cancer, and MAPK signaling. In summary, maternal nutrient restriction altered serum miRNA abundance profiles irrespective of the time at which the nutritional insult was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - A N DeCarlo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - R E Ricks
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - S L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Pereira G, Charpigny G, Guo Y, Silva E, Silva MF, Ye T, Lopes-da-Costa L, Humblot P. Characterization of circulating microRNA profiles of postpartum dairy cows with persistent subclinical endometritis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9704-9717. [PMID: 37641364 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical endometritis (SCE) is an unresolved inflammation of the endometrium of postpartum dairy cows, seriously affecting fertility. Current diagnosis, which relies on uterine cytology or even more invasive biopsy sampling, would benefit from the identification of blood-based diagnostic biomarkers. Due to the known role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in other diseases, this case-control study evaluated the cell-free circulating miRNA profiles of SCE cows, and the network of transcripts predicted to interact with those miRNAs, previously identified as differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the endometrium of the same cows. Healthy (H, n = 6) and persistent SCE (n = 11) cows characterized by endometrial cytology and biopsy were blood sampled at 21 and 44 d postpartum (DPP). Following extraction of cell-free plasma miRNAs and RNA-seq analysis, differential abundance analysis of miRNAs was performed with the DESeq2 R package (adjusted p-value of 0.05), and in silico prediction of miRNA-interacting genes on a sequence complementary basis was conducted using the miRWalk database. The principal component analysis showed a clear clustering between groups of uterine health phenotypes (H vs. SCE), although the clustering between groups was less pronounced at 44 DPP than at 21 DPP. No effect of the stage (21 vs. 44 DPP) was observed. A total of 799 known circulating miRNAs were identified, from which 34 demonstrated differential abundance between H and SCE cows (12 less abundant and 22 more abundant in SCE than in H cows). These 34 miRNAs are predicted to interact with 10,104 transcripts, among which 43, 81, and 147 were previously identified as differentially expressed in, respectively, endometrial luminal epithelial, glandular epithelial, and stromal cells of the same cows. This accounts for approximately half of the DEG identified between those H and SCE cows, including genes involved in endometrial cell proliferation, angiogenesis and immune response, whose dysregulation in SCE cows may impair pregnancy establishment. From 219 miRNAs with mean normalized read counts above 100, the presence and abundance of miR-425-3p and miR-2285z had the highest discriminatory level to differentiate SCE from H cows. In conclusion, despite apparent confinement to the endometrium, SCE is associated with a distinct circulating miRNA profile, which may represent a link between the systemic changes associated with disease and the endometrial immune response. The validation of a miRNA panel consisting of circulating cell-free miR-425-3p and miR-2285z may prove a relevant advancement for the noninvasive diagnosis of persistent SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pereira
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Filipa Silva
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg,1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Luís Lopes-da-Costa
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Tzelos T, Lee S, Pegg A, Donadeu FX. Association between blood miR-26a levels following artificial insemination, and pregnancy outcome in dairy cattle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289342. [PMID: 37566616 PMCID: PMC10420342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy diagnosis is key to maximise productivity of dairy herds. We previously showed that an increase in the levels of miR-26 could be detected as soon as day 8 of pregnancy in heifers. The aims of this study were to determine whether 1) plasma miR-26 levels would be distinctly elevated, retrospectively, early after artificial insemination in lactating cows with successful compared to failed pregnancies, 2) the early increase in miRNA levels in cows with successful pregnancy could be accounted for by changes in miRNA expression in white blood cells (WBCs), presumably induced by the effects of embryo-derived interferon tau (IFNt), and 3) plasma miRNA levels may provide a reliable early predictor of pregnancy that could be used at a herd level. Blood samples were taken from a total of 34 dairy cows (lactation number 1 to 4) before (D0) and 9 and 18 days after artificial insemination at oestrus, followed by confirmation of pregnancy status by ultrasound on D32. In addition, WBCs collected from non-pregnant cows (n = 4) were stimulated in vitro with recombinant ovine IFNt (0-100 pg/ml). Levels of miRNAs and ISG15, a known IFNt-induced gene, were quantified by qPCR. Relative to D0, a larger increase in plasma miR-26a (P = 0.04) occurred on D9 in cows later confirmed to be pregnant (n = 12) than in cows with a failed pregnancy (n = 22). Expression of miR-26a in WBCs was not affected (P>0.1) by pregnancy status or IFNt stimulation in vitro, in contrast to ISG15 expression which increased markedly (P<0.0001) both in WBC samples collected on D18 from animals later confirmed to be pregnant, and in WBCs after stimulation with IFNt in vitro. Finally, ROC analyses revealed that miR-26a on D9 or D18 could predict pregnancy outcome with much lower accuracy than WBC ISG15 on D18 (Likelihood ratio, 2.3 vs 15.4). In summary, a modest increase in plasma miR-26a levels occurs during early pregnancy in mature dairy cows which may not accounted for by changes in miRNA levels in WBCs or the effects of IFNt. Moreover, compared to ISG15, changes in miR-26a levels may not provide an accurate test for early diagnosis of pregnancy in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tzelos
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Seungmee Lee
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Pegg
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - F. Xavier Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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MacLeay M, Banos G, Donadeu FX. Association of plasma miRNAs with early life performance and aging in dairy cattle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288343. [PMID: 37428722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life performance traits in dairy cattle can have important influences on lifetime productivity. Poor health and fertility are of great economical and animal welfare concern. Circulating miRNAs have been linked to several livestock traits, including resistance to infection, fertility, and muscle development. This study aimed to identify circulating miRNAs associated with early life performance traits and aging in dairy cattle. Plasma samples from female calves (n = 12) identified retrospectively as differing in health, growth, and fertility outcomes prior to first calving were analyzed using PCR arrays detecting 378 miRNAs. Levels of 6 miRNAs differed significantly in calves with poor growth/fertility relative to controls (t-test: P<0.05). Additionally, general(ized) (non)linear mixed models identified 1 miRNA associated with average daily gain until weaning, 22 with live bodyweight at one year of age, 47 with age at first service, and 19 with number of infections before first calving. Out of 85 distinct miRNAs that were associated with at least one animal trait, 9 miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR in a larger cohort (n = 91 animals), which included longitudinal plasma samples (calf, heifer, first lactation cow). Significant associations (P<0.05) involving individual miRNAs or ratios between miRNAs and early-life performance traits were identified, but did not retain significance after multiple testing adjustment. However, levels of 8 plasma miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-127, miR-142-5p, miR-154b, miR-27b, miR-30c-5p, miR-34a, miR-363) changed significantly with age, most prominently during the calf-to-heifer transition. Comparative RT-qPCR analyses of these miRNAs across 19 calf tissues showed that most were ubiquitously expressed. Online database mining identified several pathways involved in metabolism and cell signaling as putative biological targets of these miRNAs. These results suggest that miR-126-3p, miR-127, miR-142-5p, miR-154b, miR-27b, miR-30c-5p, miR-34a, miR-363 are involved in regulating growth and development from birth to first lactation (~2 years old) and could provide useful biomarkers of aging in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison MacLeay
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Banos
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Roslin Institute Building, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc Xavier Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Ojo OE, Hajek L, Johanns S, Pacífico C, Sener-Aydemir A, Ricci S, Rivera-Chacon R, Castillo-Lopez E, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q, Kreuzer-Redmer S. Evaluation of circulating microRNA profiles in blood as potential candidate biomarkers in a subacute ruminal acidosis cow model - a pilot study. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:333. [PMID: 37328742 PMCID: PMC10273741 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disorder often observed in high-yielding dairy cows, that are fed diets high in concentrates. We hypothesized that circulating miRNAs in blood of cows could serve as potential candidate biomarkers to detect animals with metabolic dysbalances such as SARA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, serving as regulators of a plethora of molecular processes. To test our hypothesis, we performed a pilot study with non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows fed a forage diet (FD; 0% concentrate, n = 4) or a high-grain diet (HG; 65% concentrate, n = 4) to induce SARA. Comprehensive profiling of miRNA expression in plasma and leucocytes were performed by next generation sequencing (NGS). The success of our model to induce SARA was evaluated based on ruminal pH and was evidenced by increased time spent with a pH threshold of 5.8 for an average period of 320 min/d. RESULTS A total of 520 and 730 miRNAs were found in plasma and leucocytes, respectively. From these, 498 miRNAs were shared by both plasma and leucocytes, with 22 miRNAs expressed exclusively in plasma and 232 miRNAs expressed exclusively in leucocytes. Differential expression analysis revealed 10 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 2 that were down-regulated in plasma of cows when fed the HG diet. A total of 63 circulating miRNAs were detected exclusively in the plasma of cows with SARA, indicating that these animals exhibited a higher number and diversity of circulating miRNAs. Considering the total read counts of miRNAs expressed when fed the HG diet, differentially expressed miRNAs ( log2 fold change) and known function, we have identified bta-miR-11982, bta-miR-1388-5p, bta-miR-12034, bta-miR-2285u, and bta-miR-30b-3p as potential candidates for SARA-biomarker in cows by NGS. These were further subjected to validation using small RNA RT-qPCR, confirming the promising role of bta-miR-30b-3p and bta-miR-2285. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that dietary change impacts the release and expression of miRNAs in systemic circulation, which may modulate post-transcriptional gene expression in cows undergoing SARA. Particularly, bta-miR-30b-3p and bta-miR-2285 might serve as promising candidate biomarker predictive for SARA and should be further validated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Ojo
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Hajek
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Johanns
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biome Diagnostics GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Sener-Aydemir
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Reisinger
- DSM, BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kreuzer-Redmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ojo OE, Kreuzer-Redmer S. MicroRNAs in Ruminants and Their Potential Role in Nutrition and Physiology. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010057. [PMID: 36669058 PMCID: PMC9867202 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of how diet choices, dietary supplements, and feed intake influence molecular mechanisms in ruminant nutrition and physiology to maintain ruminant health, is essential to attain. In the present review, we focus on the role of microRNAs in ruminant health and disease; additionally, we discuss the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease in ruminants and the state of technology for their detection, also considering the major difficulties in the transition of biomarker development from bench to clinical practice. MicroRNAs are an inexhaustible class of endogenous non-protein coding small RNAs of 18 to 25 nucleotides that target either the 3' untranslated (UTR) or coding region of genes, ensuring a tight post-transcriptionally controlled regulation of gene expression. The development of new "omics" technologies facilitated a fresh perspective on the nutrition-to-gene relationship, incorporating more extensive data from molecular genetics, animal nutrition, and veterinary sciences. MicroRNAs might serve as important regulators of metabolic processes and may present the inter-phase between nutrition and gene regulation, controlled by the diet. The development of biomarkers holds the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice through faster disease detection, more accurate ruminant health monitoring, enhanced welfare, and increased productivity. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on how microRNAs function as biomarkers, how technological paradigms are reshaping this field of research, and how platforms are being used to identify novel biomarkers. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the identification and analysis of a small number of microRNAs can provide crucial information about the stage of a disease, etiology, and prognosis.
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10
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Liver Disorders Associated with Metabolic Imbalances in Dairy Cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:433-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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Pacífico C, Ricci S, Sajovitz F, Castillo-Lopez E, Rivera-Chacon R, Petri RM, Zebeli Q, Reisinger N, Kreuzer-Redmer S. Bovine rumen epithelial miRNA-mRNA dynamics reveals post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression upon transition to high-grain feeding and phytogenic supplementation. Genomics 2022; 114:110333. [PMID: 35278616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The rumen epithelium has a pivotal role in nutrient uptake and host health. This study aimed to explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the epithelial transcriptome during diet transition from forage to high-grain feeding and the modulation through supplementation with a phytogenic feed additive. Rumen biopsies were collected from 9 ruminally-cannulated non-lactating Holstein cows fed a baseline forage diet (FD) and then transitioned to high-grain feeding (HG; 65% concentrate on a dry matter basis). Cows were randomly allocated into a control group (CON, n = 5) and a group supplemented with a phytogenic feed additive (PHY, n = 4). MiRNA and mRNA sequencing was performed in parallel and transcripts were analyzed for differential expression, pathway enrichment analysis, and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks. We identified 527 miRNAs shared by all samples of the rumen epithelium, from which, bta-miR-21-5p, bta-miR-143 and bta-miR-24-3p were the most expressed. Six miRNAs were differentially expressed between CON and PHY and 8 miRNAs between FD and HG feeding, which were mainly associated with fat metabolism. Transcriptome analysis identified 9481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FD and HG, whereas PHY supplementation resulted in 5 DEGs. DEGs were mainly involved in epithelium development and morphogenesis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with tricarboxylic acid and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism were enriched in DEGs between diets. MiRNA target prediction and anti-correlation analysis was used to construct networks and identify DEGs targeted by DE miRNAs responsive to diet or PHY. This study allowed the identification of potential miRNA regulation mechanisms of gene expression during transition from FD to HG feeding and phytogenic supplementation, evidencing a direct role of miRNAs in host responses to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Floriana Sajovitz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renée Maxine Petri
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Characterization of microRNA expression in B cells derived from Japanese black cattle naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus by deep sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256588. [PMID: 34506539 PMCID: PMC8432782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a malignant B cell lymphoma. However, the mechanisms of BLV-associated lymphomagenesis remain poorly understood. Here, after deep sequencing, we performed comparative analyses of B cell microRNAs (miRNAs) in cattle infected with BLV and those without BLV. In BLV-infected cattle, BLV-derived miRNAs (blv-miRNAs) accounted for 38% of all miRNAs in B cells. Four of these blv-miRNAs (blv-miR-B1-5p, blv-miR-B2-5p, blv-miR-B4-3p, and blv-miR-B5-5p) had highly significant positive correlations with BLV proviral load (PVL). The read counts of 90 host-derived miRNAs (bta-miRNAs) were significantly down-regulated in BLV-infected cattle compared to those in uninfected cattle. Only bta-miR-375 had a positive correlation with PVL in BLV-infected cattle and was highly expressed in the B cell lymphoma tissue of EBL cattle. There were a few bta-miRNAs that correlated with BLV tax/rex gene expression; however, BLV AS1 expression had a significant negative correlation with many of the down-regulated bta-miRNAs that are important for tumor development and/or tumor suppression. These results suggest that BLV promotes lymphomagenesis via AS1 and blv-miRNAs, rather than tax/rex, by down-regulating the expression of bta-miRNAs that have a tumor-suppressing function, and this downregulation is linked to increased PVL.
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13
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Tewari RS, Ala U, Accornero P, Baratta M, Miretti S. Circulating skeletal muscle related microRNAs profile in Piedmontese cattle during different age. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15815. [PMID: 34349188 PMCID: PMC8339070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Piedmontese cattle is known for double-muscle phenotype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important role as regulators in skeletal muscle physiological processes, and we hypothesize that plasma miRNAs expression profiles could be affected by skeletal muscle growth status related to age. Plasma samples of cattle were collected during four different ages from first week of life until the time of commercial end of the fattening period before slaughter. Small-RNA sequencing data analysis revealed the presence of 40% of muscle-related miRNAs among the top 25 highly expressed miRNAs and, 19 miRNAs showed differential expression too. Using qRT-PCR, we validated in a larger bovine population, miRNAs involved in skeletal muscle physiology pathways. Comparing new-born with the other age groups, miR-10b, miR-126-5p, miR-143 and miR-146b were significantly up-regulated, whereas miR-21-5p, miR-221, miR-223 and miR-30b-5p were significantly down-regulated. High expression levels of miR-23a in all the groups were found. Myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, was predicted as the target gene for miR-23a and miR-126-5p and we demonstrated their direct binding. Correlation analysis revealed association between miRNAs expression profiles and animals’ weights along the age. Circulating miRNAs could be promising for future studies on their biomarker potentialities to beef cattle selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal S Tewari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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14
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A critical approach for successful use of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases: the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:281-294. [PMID: 33656618 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that act as major regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As the potential applications of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases have become more evident, many studies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have focused on the systemic identification and quantification of miRNAs in biofluids and myocardial tissues. HCM is a hereditary cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere. Despite overall improvements in survival, progression to heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death remain prominent features of living with HCM. Several miRNAs have been shown to be promising biomarkers of HCM; however, there are many challenges to ensuring the validity, consistency, and reproducibility of these biomarkers for clinical use. In particular, miRNA testing may be limited by pre-analytical and analytical caveats, making our interpretation of results challenging. Such factors that may affect miRNA testing include sample type selection, hemolysis, platelet activation, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, researchers should be careful when developing appropriate standards for the design of miRNA profiling studies in order to ensure that all results provided are both accurate and reliable. In this review, we discuss the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for HCM.
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15
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Kaczmarek MM, Reliszko ZP, Szuszkiewicz J, Nitkiewicz A, Guzewska MM, Myszczynski K, Romaniewicz M, Sikora M, Kajko M, Heifetz Y. Profiling circulating microRNAs in the serum of pregnant and non-pregnant pigs reveals a plethora of reproductive status-dependent microRNAs. Animal 2021; 15:100182. [PMID: 33640292 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating, non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to be powerful pathophysiological indicators of pregnancy in animals and humans. Since their discovery, it is known that miRNAs can take part in numerous biological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation during early embryonic development and establishment of pregnancy. Our recent studies have indicated that maternal blood can carry miRNAs reported previously at the embryo-maternal interface in pigs. To expand the scope of our research, we tested the hypothesis that miRNAs previously identified in conceptuses, trophoblasts, endometrium and uterine lumen-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) collected before Day 20 of pregnancy can show reproductive status-dependent profiles in the serum of cyclic and pregnant crossbred pigs. Custom-designed TaqMan arrays, multiplex real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time RT-PCR allowed us to identify a number of reproductive status-dependent miRNAs in serum samples collected from pigs during the estrous cycle or pregnancy (Days 16 and 20). We found that serum samples were enriched with miRNAs involved in processes important during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, e.g. cell sensitivity and viability, angiogenesis, embryonic cell proliferation and differentiation. Further validation revealed different abundance of ssc-miR-143-3p and ssc-miR-125b in pregnant and non-pregnant animals and correlation of ssc-miR-125b levels with litter size. In addition, analyzed serum samples contained both EVs and Argonaute2 proteins, which are known to be involved in miRNA transportation and intercellular communication. In summary, we identified several circulating miRNAs that differ in abundance between cyclic and pregnant animals and could serve as potential indicators of reproductive status in pigs during breeding management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kaczmarek
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Z P Reliszko
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Szuszkiewicz
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Nitkiewicz
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M M Guzewska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Myszczynski
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Romaniewicz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Sikora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Kajko
- VET-COM, 10-237 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Y Heifetz
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Natarelli L, Parca L, Mazza T, Weber C, Virgili F, Fratantonio D. MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Candidates to Target Specific Motifs of SARS-CoV-2. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 33670580 PMCID: PMC7931055 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is one of the most affected targets of SARS-CoV-2. Various therapies have been utilized to counter viral-induced inflammatory complications, with diverse success rates. Pending the distribution of an effective vaccine to the whole population and the achievement of "herd immunity", the discovery of novel specific therapies is to be considered a very important objective. Here, we report a computational study demonstrating the existence of target motifs in the SARS-CoV-2 genome suitable for specific binding with endogenous human micro and long non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs, respectively), which can, therefore, be considered a conceptual background for the development of miRNA-based drugs against COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 genome contains three motifs in the 5'UTR leader sequence recognized by selective nucleotides within the seed sequence of specific human miRNAs. The seed of 57 microRNAs contained a "GGG" motif that promoted leader sequence-recognition, primarily through offset-6mer sites able to promote microRNAs noncanonical binding to viral RNA. Similarly, lncRNA H19 binds to the 5'UTR of the viral genome and, more specifically, to the transcript of the viral gene Spike, which has a pivotal role in viral infection. Notably, some of the non-coding RNAs identified in our study as candidates for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 gene expression have already been proposed against diverse viral infections, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Natarelli
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 800336 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Parca
- IRCCS Casa sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy; (L.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy; (L.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), 800336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Biosciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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17
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Gad A, Sánchez JM, Browne JA, Nemcova L, Laurincik J, Prochazka R, Lonergan P. Plasma extracellular vesicle miRNAs as potential biomarkers of superstimulatory response in cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19130. [PMID: 33154526 PMCID: PMC7645755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict superstimulatory response would be a beneficial tool in assisted reproduction. Using small RNAseq technology, we profiled extracellular vesicle microRNA (EV-miRNA) abundance in the blood plasma of heifers exhibiting variable responses to superstimulation. Estrous synchronized crossbred beef heifers (n = 25) were superstimulated and blood samples were collected from each heifer on Day 7 of consecutive unstimulated (U) and superstimulated (S) cycles. A subset of high (H) and low (L) responders was selected depending on their response to superstimulation and EV-miRNA profiles were analysed at both time-points in each heifer. Approximately 200 known miRNAs were detected in each sample with 144 commonly detected in all samples. A total of 12 and 14 miRNAs were dysregulated in UH vs. UL and in SH vs. SL heifers, respectively. Interestingly, miR-206 and miR-6517 exhibited the same differential expression pattern in H compared to L heifers both before and after superstimulation. Pathway analysis indicated that circadian rhythm and signaling pathways were among the top pathways enriched with genes targeted by dysregulated miRNAs in H vs. L responding heifers. In conclusion, heifers with divergent ovarian responses exhibited differential expression of plasma EV-miRNAs which may be used as a potential biomarker to predict superstimulation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gad
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - José María Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucie Nemcova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Radek Prochazka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Sarshar M, Scribano D, Ambrosi C, Palamara AT, Masotti A. Fecal microRNAs as Innovative Biomarkers of Intestinal Diseases and Effective Players in Host-Microbiome Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2174. [PMID: 32764361 PMCID: PMC7463924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), including circulating and fecal miRNAs have emerged as important modulators of various cellular processes by regulating the expression of target genes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs as powerful biomarkers in disease diagnosis and for the development of innovative therapeutic applications in several human conditions, including intestinal diseases. In this review, we explored the literature and summarized the role of identified dysregulated fecal miRNAs in intestinal diseases, with particular focus on colorectal cancer (CRC) and celiac disease (CD). The aim of this review is to highlight one fascinating aspect of fecal miRNA function related to gut microbiota shaping and bacterial metabolism influencing. The role of miRNAs as "messenger" molecules for inter kingdom communications will be analyzed to highlight their role in the complex host-bacteria interactions. Moreover, whether fecal miRNAs could open up new perspectives to develop novel suitable biomarkers for disease detection and innovative therapeutic approaches to restore microbiota balance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
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Nousbeck J, McAleer M, Hurault G, Kenny E, Harte K, Kezic S, Tanaka R, Irvine A. MicroRNA analysis of childhood atopic dermatitis reveals a role for miR‐451a*. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:514-523. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nousbeck
- National Children’s Research Centre Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
- Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - M.A. McAleer
- National Children’s Research Centre Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
- Paediatric Dermatology Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
| | - G. Hurault
- Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London London UK
| | - E. Kenny
- Department of Psychiatry Trinity Translational Medicine Institute St James’s Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - K. Harte
- Department of Psychiatry Trinity Translational Medicine Institute St James’s Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - S. Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - R.J. Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London London UK
| | - A.D. Irvine
- National Children’s Research Centre Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
- Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Paediatric Dermatology Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
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20
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Postprandial Circulating miRNAs in Response to a Dietary Fat Challenge. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061326. [PMID: 31200481 PMCID: PMC6627817 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia has many physiopathological effects, some of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be found in almost all biological fluids, but their postprandial kinetics are poorly described. We aimed to profile circulating miRNAs in response to a fat challenge. In total, 641 circulating miRNAs were assessed by real-time PCR in plasmas from mice two hours after lipid gavage. Mice with intestine-specific loss of Dicer were screened to identify potential miRNAs released by the intestine. A total of 68 miRNAs were selected for further validation. Ten circulating miRNAs were finally validated as responsive to postprandial lipemia, including miR-206-3p, miR-543-3p, miR-466c-5p, miR-27b-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-340-3p, miR-1941-3p, miR-10a-3p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-468-3p. Analysis of their possible tissues of origin/target showed an enrichment of selected miRNAs in liver, intestine, brain, or skeletal muscle. miR-206, miR-27b-5p, and miR-409-3p were validated in healthy humans. Analysis of their predicted target genes revealed their potential involvement in insulin/insulin like growth factor (insulin/IGF), angiogenesis, cholecystokinin B receptor signaling pathway (CCKR), inflammation or Wnt pathways for mice, and in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and CCKR signaling pathways for humans. Therefore, the current study shows that certain miRNAs are released in the circulation in response to fatty meals, proposing them as potential novel therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism.
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21
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Jiang C, Liu X, Wang M, Lv G, Wang G. High Blood miR-802 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in HCC Patients by Regulating DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1)-Mediated Function of T Cells. Oncol Res 2019; 27:1025-1034. [PMID: 30982498 PMCID: PMC7848258 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15456687424096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-802 has been reported to be dysregulated in multiple tumors and contribute to tumor progression. However, its role in HCC was still largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the function and mechanism of miR-802 in HCC progression. The results showed that miR-802 was upregulated in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of HCC patients, and high levels of blood miR-802 predicted poor prognosis. miR-802 had no effect on the proliferation and migration of HCC cell lines. Interestingly, the levels of CD8/CD28 and regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) were declined along with the upregulation of miR-802 in vivo. Hence, it is speculated that miR-802 participated in the regulation of T-cell function in HCC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mir-802 directly targets REDD1 and inhibited its expression. miR-802 increased the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and decreased the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CD8+CD28+ T-cell number. In conclusion, miR-802 was involved in T-cell exhaustion through posttranscriptionally suppressing REDD1, which might offer the suppressive effect of miR-802 on HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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22
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Unger L, Gerber V, Pacholewska A, Leeb T, Jagannathan V. MicroRNA fingerprints in serum and whole blood of sarcoid‐affected horses as potential non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:107-117. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Unger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern, and Agroscope Bern Switzerland
| | - Alicja Pacholewska
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
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23
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Association of plasma microRNA expression with age, genetic background and functional traits in dairy cattle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12955. [PMID: 30154501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of blood circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are proven disease biomarkers and have been associated with ageing and longevity in multiple species. However, the role of circulating miRNAs in livestock species has not been fully studied. We hypothesise that plasma miRNA expression profiles are affected by age and genetic background, and associated with health and production traits in dairy cattle. Using PCR arrays, we assessed 306 plasma miRNAs for effects of age (calves vs mature cows) and genetic background (control vs select lines) in 18 animals. We identified miRNAs which were significantly affected by age (26 miRNAs) and genetic line (5 miRNAs). Using RT-qPCR in a larger cow population (n = 73) we successfully validated array data for 12 age-related miRNAs, one genetic line-related miRNA, and utilised expression data to associate their levels in circulation with functional traits in these animals. Plasma miRNA levels were associated with telomere length (ageing/longevity indicator), milk production and composition, milk somatic cell count (mastitis indicator), fertility, lameness, and blood metabolites linked with body energy balance and metabolic stress. In conclusion, circulating miRNAs could provide useful selection markers for dairy cows to help improve health, welfare and production performance.
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