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Heckmann A, Perochon A, Doohan FM. Genome-wide analysis of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling marker gene families in wheat. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:691-704. [PMID: 38864777 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) phytohormone pathways are important regulators of stress tolerance. Knowledge regarding the diversity, phylogeny and functionality of wheat genes involved in JA and SA response is limited. Using Arabidopsis, rice and wheat genomic and wheat disease transcriptomic data, we deduced the size, phylogenetic diversity and pathogen-responsiveness of seven hormone-responsive gene families, and thus selected 14 candidates as potential hormone responsive gene markers. Gene-specific expression studies assessed the impact of exogenous JA and SA on their transcriptional activation in leaves of two distinct wheat cultivars. RNAseq data were interrogated to assess their disease responsiveness and tissue-specific expression. This study elucidated the number, phylogeny and pathogen-responsiveness of wheat genes from seven families, including 12 TaAOS, 6 TaJAMyb, 256 TaWRKY group III, 85 TaPR1, 205 TaPR2, 76 TaPR3 and 124 TaPR5. This included the first description of the wheat AOS, JAMyb, PR2, PR3 and PR5 gene families. Gene expression studies delineated TaAOS1-5B and TaJAMyb-4A as JA-responsive in leaves, but not significantly responsive to SA treatment, while TaWRKY45-B was a SA- but not a JA-responsive marker. Other candidate genes were either unresponsive or non-specific to SA or JA. Our findings highlight that all seven gene families are greatly expanded in wheat as compared to other plants (up to 7.6-fold expansion), and demonstrate disparity in the response to biotic stress between some homoeologous and paralogous sequences within these families. The SA- and JA-responsive marker genes identified herein will prove useful tools to monitor these signalling pathways in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heckmann
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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van Kleeff PJM, Mastop M, Sun P, Dangol S, van Doore E, Dekker HL, Kramer G, Lee S, Ryu CM, de Vos M, Schuurink RC. Discovery of Three Bemisia tabaci Effectors and Their Effect on Gene Expression in Planta. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:380-395. [PMID: 38114195 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-23-0044-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) is a polyphagous agroeconomic pest species complex. Two members of this species complex, Mediterranean (MED) and Middle-East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), have a worldwide distribution and have been shown to manipulate plant defenses through effectors. In this study, we used three different strategies to identify three MEAM1 proteins that can act as effectors. Effector B1 was identified using a bioinformatics-driven effector-mining strategy, whereas effectors S1 and P1 were identified in the saliva of whiteflies collected from artificial diet and in phloem exudate of tomato on which nymphs were feeding, respectively. These three effectors were B. tabaci specific and able to increase whitefly fecundity when transiently expressed in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). Moreover, they reduced growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in Nicotiana benthamiana. All three effectors changed gene expression in planta, and B1 and S1 also changed phytohormone levels. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis pinpointed plant-pathogen interaction and photosynthesis as the main enriched pathways for all three effectors. Our data thus show the discovery and validation of three new B. tabaci MEAM1 effectors that increase whitefly fecundity and modulate plant immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J M van Kleeff
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Mastop
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Doore
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Henk L Dekker
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | | | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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Anuradha C, Mol PP, Chandrasekar A, Backiyarani S, Thangavelu R, Selvarajan R. Unveiling the dynamic expression of PR-1 during Musa spp. infection by Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Cubense: a cloning and characterization study. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:362. [PMID: 38403791 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen-related proteins (PR) are pivotal in plant defense, combating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. While multiple gene families contribute to banana resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f sp. cubense (Foc), Pseudocercospora eumusae, and Pratylenchus coffeae, the significance of PR-1 genes in defense is paramount. METHODS Three PR-1 genes, up-regulated under diverse biotic stresses, were cloned from both resistant and susceptible cultivars of Foc, P. eumusae, and P. coffeae. Molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and docking studies with the Foc TR4 CP gene were conducted. RESULTS Through transcriptomic and real-time studies, three PR-1 genes (Ma02_g15050, Ma02_g15060, and Ma04_g34800) from Musa spp. were identified. These genes exhibited significant up-regulation in resistant cultivars when exposed to Foc, P. eumusae, and P. coffeae. Cloning of these genes was successfully performed from both resistant and susceptible cultivars of Foc race 1 and TR4, P. eumusae, and P. coffeae. Distinct characteristics were observed among the PR-1 genes, with groups 1 and 2 being acidic with signal peptides, and group 3 being basic without signal peptides. All cloned PR-1 proteins belonged to the CAP superfamily (PF00188). Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering patterns for acidic PR-1 proteins, and KEGG orthology showed associations with vital pathways, including MAPK signaling, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. Secondary and tertiary structure analyses confirmed sequence conservation across studied species. Docking studies explored interactions between the cerato-platanin (CP) gene from Foc TR4 and Ma02_g15060 from banana, suggesting the potential hindrance of PR-1 antifungal activity through direct interaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the crucial role of cloned PR-1 genes in banana plant defense mechanisms against a broad spectrum of biotic stresses. These genes, especially those in groups 1 and 2, hold promise as candidates for developing stress-tolerant banana cultivars. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular aspects of banana defense strategies, emphasizing the potential applications of PR-1 genes in enhancing banana resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah Anuradha
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India.
| | - Punchakkara Prashina Mol
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Arumugam Chandrasekar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Suthanthiram Backiyarani
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Raman Thangavelu
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Ramasamy Selvarajan
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
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Morin S, Atkinson PW, Walling LL. Whitefly-Plant Interactions: An Integrated Molecular Perspective. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:503-525. [PMID: 37816261 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-093940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advances in available transcriptomic and genomic data and our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of whitefly-plant interactions have allowed us to gain new and significant insights into the biology of whiteflies and their successful adaptation to host plants. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms that whiteflies have evolved to overcome the challenges of feeding on phloem sap. We also highlight the evolution and functions of gene families involved in host perception, evaluation, and manipulation; primary metabolism; and metabolite detoxification. We discuss the emerging themes in plant immunity to whiteflies, focusing on whitefly effectors and their sites of action in plant defense-signaling pathways. We conclude with a discussion of advances in the genetic manipulation of whiteflies and the potential that they hold for exploring the interactions between whiteflies and their host plants, as well as the development of novel strategies for the genetic control of whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Peter W Atkinson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
| | - Linda L Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
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Nye DG, Irigoyen ML, Perez-Fons L, Bohorquez-Chaux A, Hur M, Medina-Yerena D, Lopez-Lavalle LAB, Fraser PD, Walling LL. Integrative transcriptomics reveals association of abscisic acid and lignin pathways with cassava whitefly resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:657. [PMID: 38124051 PMCID: PMC10731783 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whiteflies are a global threat to crop yields, including the African subsistence crop cassava (Manihot esculenta). Outbreaks of superabundant whitefly populations throughout Eastern and Central Africa in recent years have dramatically increased the pressures of whitefly feeding and virus transmission on cassava. Whitefly-transmitted viral diseases threaten the food security of hundreds of millions of African farmers, highlighting the need for developing and deploying whitefly-resistant cassava. However, plant resistance to whiteflies remains largely poorly characterized at the genetic and molecular levels. Knowledge of cassava-defense programs also remains incomplete, limiting characterization of whitefly-resistance mechanisms. To better understand the genetic basis of whitefly resistance in cassava, we define the defense hormone- and Aleurotrachelus socialis (whitefly)-responsive transcriptome of whitefly-susceptible (COL2246) and whitefly-resistant (ECU72) cassava using RNA-seq. For broader comparison, hormone-responsive transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana were also generated. RESULTS Whitefly infestation, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) transcriptome responses of ECU72 and COL2246 were defined and analyzed. Strikingly, SA responses were largely reciprocal between the two cassava genotypes and we suggest candidate regulators. While susceptibility was associated with SA in COL2246, resistance to whitefly in ECU72 was associated with ABA, with SA-ABA antagonism observed. This was evidenced by expression of genes within the SA and ABA pathways and hormone levels during A. socialis infestation. Gene-enrichment analyses of whitefly- and hormone-responsive genes suggest the importance of fast-acting cell wall defenses (e.g., elicitor recognition, lignin biosynthesis) during early infestation stages in whitefly-resistant ECU72. A surge of ineffective immune and SA responses characterized the whitefly-susceptible COL2246's response to late-stage nymphs. Lastly, in comparison with the model plant Arabidopsis, cassava's hormone-responsive genes showed striking divergence in expression. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first characterization of cassava's global transcriptome responses to whitefly infestation and defense hormone treatment. Our analyses of ECU72 and COL2246 uncovered possible whitefly resistance/susceptibility mechanisms in cassava. Comparative analysis of cassava and Arabidopsis demonstrated that defense programs in Arabidopsis may not always mirror those in crop species. More broadly, our hormone-responsive transcriptomes will also provide a baseline for the cassava community to better understand global responses to other yield-limiting pests/pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Nye
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Maria L Irigoyen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Laura Perez-Fons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Adriana Bohorquez-Chaux
- Alliance Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Diana Medina-Yerena
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle
- Alliance Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- Present Address: International Center of Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul D Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Linda L Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Wang P, Zhou J, Sun W, Li H, Li D, Zhuge Q. Characteristics and function of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene family in poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111857. [PMID: 37673220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen-associated protein 1 (PR1) plays an important role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 17 PtPR1 genes were identified in Populus trichocarpa genome. The 17 PtPR1 genes were distributed on 7 chromosomes, and divided into A, B subfamilies by evolutionary tree analysis. RTqPCR analysis showed that the PtPR1 gene family showed different degrees of response to drought stress. PtPR1 genes showed changes in expression in response to fungal pathogen Septotinia populiperda or insect attacks (Nausinoe geometralis, Hyphantria cunea). Also, we found that subfamily B of PtPR1 may play an important role in response to biotic stress. We identified a new resistance gene PtPR1A. Overexpression of PtPR1A in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, while overexpression of PtPR1A in poplar significantly enhanced the resistance to S. populiperda. The present study investigates the expression pattern of the PtPR1 genes under biotic and abiotic stresses, and it found that the characteristics of the PtPR1 genes diverged, which provided a theoretical basis for the further study of the PtPR1 genes in the plant defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Han S, Na L, Rongchao Z, Xiuqin H, Wenyu Z, Bo Z, Xinpeng L, Zhen W, Jie X. Study on signal transmission mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network against root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16936. [PMID: 37805532 PMCID: PMC10560300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the signal transmission mechanism of the arbuscular mycorrhizal network against root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this experiment, the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network was established among Salvia miltiorrhiza plants, and a two plant three-compartment culture model was established. The root of the donor Salvia miltiorrhiza was inoculated with the pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani. The changes of hormone signals such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid and the expression of related defense genes in the recipient Salvia miltiorrhiza plants in different periods were measured, to study the underground disease resistance signal transmission mechanism among medicinal plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza can transmit the signal of resistance to root rot through the jasmonic acid pathway; When plants suffer from disease stress, the content of JA increases significantly, and the increase of JA content will inhibit the content of SA in plants; The gene expression of PR-10 gene in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with arbuscular mycorrhizal network infected by pathogenic fungi was 17.56 times higher than that inoculated only with pathogenic fungi; Changes in hormone content will also cause changes in the expression of related defense genes, such as SnRK2 is inhibited by ABA in the signal transduction pathway, while JA and ABA show antagonistic changes after inoculation of pathogenic fungi in Salvia miltiorrhiza, so JA may positively regulate the expression of SnRK2 gene. Plants can transmit signals through AM hyphal network after being stressed by the pathogen Fusarium solani. In the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network, JA has important significance for the signal transmission of resistance to root rot and disease resistance of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which can make Salvia miltiorrhiza ready for stress resistance and improve the stress resistance of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This experiment is of great significance to further analyze the signal transmission mechanism of the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Na
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhang Rongchao
- Shandong New Era Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fei County, 273400, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Xiuqin
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhang Wenyu
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xinpeng
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Wang Zhen
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Jie
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
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Chelliah A, Arumugam C, Punchakkara PM, Suthanthiram B, Raman T, Subbaraya U. Genome-wide characterization of 2OGD superfamily for mining of susceptibility factors responding to various biotic stresses in Musa spp. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1319-1338. [PMID: 38024958 PMCID: PMC10678914 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bananas are an important staple food and cash crop, but they are vulnerable to a variety of pests and diseases that substantially reduce yield and quality. Banana diseases are challenging to control and necessitate an integrated strategy, and development of resistant cultivars is one of the effective ways of managing diseases. Lasting disease resistance is the main goal in crop improvement and resistance mediated by a single resistant (R) gene mostly lack durability. However, long-term resistance can be obtained by inactivating susceptibility factors (S), which facilitate pathogen infection and proliferation. Identification and inactivation of susceptibility factors against the major pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), Pseudocercospora eumusae and Pratylenchus coffeae in banana will be an effective way in developing banana varieties with more durable resistance. Downy mildew resistance 6 (DMR6) and DMR-like oxygenases (DLO1) are one such susceptibility factors and they belong to 2-oxoglutarate Fe(II) dependent oxygenases (2OGD) superfamily. 2OGDs are known to catalyze a plethora of reactions and also confer resistance to different pathogens in various crops, but not much is known about the 2OGD in Musa species. Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, 133 and 122 potential 2OGDs were systematically identified and categorized from the A and B genomes of banana, respectively. Real time expression of dmr6 and dlo1 genes showed positive correlation with transcriptome data upon Foc race1 and TR4 infection and examination of expression pattern of Macma4_04_g22670 (Ma04_g20880) and Macma4_02_g13590 (Ma02_g12040) genes revealed their involvement in Foc race1 and TR4 infections, respectively. Further the expression profile of 2OGDs, specifically Macma4_04_g25310 (Ma04_g23390), Macma4_08_g11980 (Ma08_g12090) and Macma4_04_g38910 (Ma04_g36640) shows that they may play a significant role as a susceptibility factor, particularly against P. eumusae and P. coffeae, implying that they can be exploited as a candidate gene for editing in developing resistant cultivars against these diseases. In summary, our findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the evolutionary and functional aspects of 2OGDs in Musa spp. Furthermore, they highlight the substantial functions of these family constituents in the progression of diseases. These insights hold significance in the context of enhancing the genetic makeup of bananas to attain extended and more durable resistance against pathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01380-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Chelliah
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Chandrasekar Arumugam
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Prashina Mol Punchakkara
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Backiyarani Suthanthiram
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Thangavelu Raman
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Uma Subbaraya
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
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Yang C, Yi Y, Wang J, Ge L, Zhang L, Liu M. Phylogenetic Analysis of the PR-4 Gene Family in Euphorbiaceae and Its Expression Profiles in Tung Tree ( Vernicia fordii). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3154. [PMID: 37687401 PMCID: PMC10490464 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related protein-4 (PR-4) is generally believed to be involved in physiological processes. However, a comprehensive investigation of this protein in tung tree (Vernicia fordii) has yet to be conducted. In this study, we identified 30 PR-4 genes in the genomes of Euphorbiaceae species and investigated their domain organization, evolution, promoter cis-elements, expression profiles, and expression profiles in the tung tree. Sequence and structural analyses indicated that VF16136 and VF16135 in the tung tree could be classified as belonging to Class II and I, respectively. Phylogenetic and Ka/Ks analyses revealed that Hevea brasiliensis exhibited a significantly expanded number of PR-4 genes. Additionally, the analysis of promoter cis-elements suggested that two VfPR-4 genes may play a role in the response to hormones and biotic and abiotic stress of tung trees. Furthermore, the expression patterns of VfPR-4 genes and their responses to 6-BA, salicylic acid, and silver nitrate in inflorescence buds of tung trees were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Notably, the expression of two VfPR-4 genes was found to be particularly high in leaves and early stages of tung seeds. These results suggest that VF16136 and VF16135 may have significant roles in the development of leaves and seeds in tung trees. Furthermore, these genes were found to be responsive to 6-BA, salicylic acid, and silver nitrate in the development of inflorescence buds. This research provides valuable insights for future investigation into the functions of PR-4 genes in tung trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meilan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410001, China; (C.Y.)
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Malichan S, Vannatim N, Chaowongdee S, Pongpamorn P, Paemanee A, Siriwan W. Comparative analysis of salicylic acid levels and gene expression in resistant, tolerant, and susceptible cassava varieties following whitefly-mediated SLCMV infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13610. [PMID: 37604906 PMCID: PMC10442324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), the primary pathogen responsible for cassava mosaic disease in cassava plantations, is transmitted via infected cutting stems and the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. To obtain better insights into the defense mechanism of cassava against SLCMV, whiteflies were used to induce SLCMV infection for activating the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway, which triggers the innate immune system. The study aimed to investigate the specific interactions between viruliferous whiteflies and SA accumulation in resistant (C33), tolerant (Kasetsart 50; KU50), and susceptible (Rayong 11) cassava cultivars by infecting with SLCMV. Leaf samples were collected at various time points, from 1 to 7 days after inoculation (dai). The SA levels were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The SA levels increased in KU50 and C33 plants at 2 and 3 dai, respectively, but remained undetected in Rayong11 plants. The expression of PR-9e, PR-7f5, SPS1, SYP121, Hsf8, and HSP90 increased in infected C33 plants at 4 dai, whereas that of KU50 plants decreased immediately at 2 dai, and that of Rayong11 plants increased at 1 dai but gradually decreased thereafter. These findings strongly indicate that SA plays a crucial role in regulating antiviral defense mechanisms, especially in SLCMV-resistant plants. Altogether, the findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the activation of SA-mediated anti-SLCMV defense pathways, and the resistance, tolerance, and susceptibility of cassava, which can aid future breeding programs aimed at enhancing SLCMV resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srihunsa Malichan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Vannatim
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Somruthai Chaowongdee
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Siriwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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11
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Guo WL, Yang HL, Zhao JP, Bian SJ, Guo YY, Chen XJ, Li XZ. A pathogenesis-related protein 1 of Cucurbita moschata responds to powdery mildew infection. Front Genet 2023; 14:1168138. [PMID: 37593115 PMCID: PMC10427922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1168138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) productivity is severely hindered by powdery mildew (PM) worldwide. The causative agent of pumpkin PM is Podosphaera xanthii, a biotrophic fungus. Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) homolog was previously identified from transcriptomic analysis of a PM-resistant pumpkin. Here, we investigated the effects of CmPR1 gene from pumpkin for resistance to PM. Subcellular localization assay revealed that CmPR1 is a cytoplasmic protein in plants. The expression of CmPR1 gene was strongly induced by P. xanthii inoculation at 48 h and exogenous ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA) and NaCl treatments, but repressed by H2O2 and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. Visual disease symptoms, histological observations of fungal growth and host cell death, and accumulation of H2O2 in transgenic tobacco plants indicated that CmPR1 overexpression significantly enhanced the resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum compared to wild type plants during PM pathogens infection, possibly due to inducing cell death and H2O2 accumulation near infected sites. The expression of PR1a was significantly induced in transgenic tobacco plants in response to G. cichoracearum, suggesting that CmPR1 overexpression positively modulates the resistance to PM via the SA signaling pathway. These findings indicate that CmPR1 is a defense response gene in C. moschata and can be exploited to develop disease-resistant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Guo
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, China
| | - He-Lian Yang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhao
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shi-Jie Bian
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue-Jin Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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12
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Lopes NDS, Santos AS, de Novais DPS, Pirovani CP, Micheli F. Pathogenesis-related protein 10 in resistance to biotic stress: progress in elucidating functions, regulation and modes of action. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193873. [PMID: 37469770 PMCID: PMC10352611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Family of pathogenesis-related proteins 10 (PR-10) is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. PR-10 are multifunctional proteins, constitutively expressed in all plant tissues, playing a role in growth and development or being induced in stress situations. Several studies have investigated the preponderant role of PR-10 in plant defense against biotic stresses; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of these proteins. This is the first systematic review conducted to gather information on the subject and to reveal the possible mechanisms of action that PR-10 perform. Methods Therefore, three databases were used for the article search: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. To avoid bias, a protocol with inclusion and exclusion criteria was prepared. In total, 216 articles related to the proposed objective of this study were selected. Results The participation of PR-10 was revealed in the plant's defense against several stressor agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and insects, and studies involving fungi and bacteria were predominant in the selected articles. Studies with combined techniques showed a compilation of relevant information about PR-10 in biotic stress that collaborate with the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these molecules. The up-regulation of PR-10 was predominant under different conditions of biotic stress, in addition to being more expressive in resistant varieties both at the transcriptional and translational level. Discussion Biological models that have been proposed reveal an intrinsic network of molecular interactions involving the modes of action of PR-10. These include hormonal pathways, transcription factors, physical interactions with effector proteins or pattern recognition receptors and other molecules involved with the plant's defense system. Conclusion The molecular networks involving PR-10 reveal how the plant's defense response is mediated, either to trigger susceptibility or, based on data systematized in this review, more frequently, to have plant resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha dos Santos Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pereira Silva de Novais
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Meditérranéennes et Tropicales (UMR AGAP Institut), Montpellier, France
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13
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Dos Santos C, Franco OL. Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112226. [PMID: 37299204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant defense depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as defense mechanisms. These mechanisms involve a complex signaling network linking structural and biochemical defense. Antimicrobial and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- and intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR proteins are present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face a pathogen, these PRs can increase in abundance, acting as the first line of plant defense. Thus, PRs play a key role in early defense events, which can reduce the damage and mortality caused by pathogens. In this context, the present review will discuss defense response proteins, which have been identified as PRs, with enzymatic action, including constitutive enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and ribonucleases. From the technological perspective, we discuss the advances of the last decade applied to the study of these enzymes, which are important in the early events of higher plant defense against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
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14
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Wang L, Lee M, Yi Wan Z, Bai B, Ye B, Alfiko Y, Rahmadsyah R, Purwantomo S, Song Z, Suwanto A, Hua Yue G. A Chromosome-level Reference Genome of African Oil Palm Provides Insights into Its Divergence and Stress Adaptation. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 21:440-454. [PMID: 36435453 PMCID: PMC10787024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The palm family (Arecaceae), consisting of ∼ 2600 species, is the third most economically important family of plants. The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the most important palms. However, the genome sequences of palms that are currently available are still limited and fragmented. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of an oil palm, Dura, assembled by integrating long reads with ∼ 150× genome coverage. The assembled genome was 1.7 Gb in size, covering 94.5% of the estimated genome, of which 91.6% was assigned into 16 pseudochromosomes and 73.7% was repetitive sequences. Relying on the conserved synteny with oil palm, the existing draft genome sequences of both date palm and coconut were further assembled into chromosomal level. Transposon burst, particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons, following the last whole-genome duplication, likely explains the genome size variation across palms. Sequence analysis of the VIRESCENS gene in palms suggests that DNA variations in this gene are related to fruit colors. Recent duplications of highly tandemly repeated pathogenesis-related proteins from the same tandem arrays play an important role in defense responses to Ganoderma. Whole-genome resequencing of both ancestral African and introduced oil palms in Southeast Asia reveals that genes under putative selection are notably associated with stress responses, suggesting adaptation to stresses in the new habitat. The genomic resources and insights gained in this study could be exploited for accelerating genetic improvement and understanding the evolution of palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - May Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Zi Yi Wan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Bin Bai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baoqing Ye
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Yuzer Alfiko
- Biotech Lab, Wilmar International, Bekasi 17530, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Zhuojun Song
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | | | - Gen Hua Yue
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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15
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Zhang P, Ma X, Liu L, Mao C, Hu Y, Yan B, Guo J, Liu X, Shi J, Lee GS, Pan X, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Kang Z, Qiao Y. MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 negatively regulates rice immunity by modulating PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1132-1150. [PMID: 36815292 PMCID: PMC10231465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are valuable genetic resources for unraveling plant defense responses including programmed cell death. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, spotted leaf 38 (spl38), and demonstrated that spl38 is essential for the formation of hypersensitive response-like lesions and innate immunity. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL38 encodes MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 (OsMED16). The spl38 mutant showed enhanced resistance to rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and exhibited delayed flowering, while OsMED16-overexpressing plants showed increased rice susceptibility to M. oryzae. The OsMED16-edited rice lines were phenotypically similar to the spl38 mutant but were extremely weak, exhibited growth retardation, and eventually died. The C-terminus of OsMED16 showed interaction with the positive immune regulator PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 (OsPR3), resulting in the competitive repression of its chitinase and chitin-binding activities. Furthermore, the ospr3 osmed16 double mutants did not exhibit the lesion mimic phenotype of the spl38 mutant. Strikingly, OsMED16 exhibited an opposite function in plant defense relative to that of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMED16, most likely because of 2 amino acid substitutions between the monocot and dicot MED16s tested. Collectively, our findings suggest that OsMED16 negatively regulates cell death and immunity in rice, probably via the OsPR3-mediated chitin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bingxiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowu Pan
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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16
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Liu R, Lu J, Xing J, Xue L, Wu Y, Zhang L. Characterization and functional analyses of wheat TaPR1 genes in response to stripe rust fungal infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3362. [PMID: 36849488 PMCID: PMC9971213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR1) gene is important for plants to respond to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Unlike those in model plants, PR1 genes in wheat have not been systematically studied. Herein, we identified 86 potential TaPR1 wheat genes using bioinformatics tools and RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that the TaPR1 genes were involved in the salicylic acid signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and phenylalanine metabolism in response to Pst-CYR34 infection. Ten of the TaPR1 genes were structurally characterized and validated by RT‒PCR. One particular gene, TaPR1-7, was found to be associated with resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) in a biparental wheat population. Virus-induced gene silencing showed that TaPR1-7 is important for Pst resistance in wheat. This study provides the first comprehensive study on wheat PR1 genes, improving our overall understanding of these genes in plant defenses, particularly against stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lv Xue
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yu Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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17
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Zeng Y, Song H, Xia L, Yang L, Zhang S. The responses of poplars to fungal pathogens: A review of the defensive pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107583. [PMID: 36875570 PMCID: PMC9978395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived tree species need to cope with changing environments and pathogens during their lifetime. Fungal diseases cause damage to trees growth and forest nurseries. As model system for woody plants, poplars are also hosts of a large variety of fungus. The defense strategies to fungus are generally associated with the type of fungus, therefore, the defense strategies of poplar against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus are different. Poplars initiate constitutive defenses and induced defenses based on recognition of the fungus, hormone signaling network cascades, activation of defense-related genes and transcription factors and production of phytochemicals. The means of sensing fungus invasion in poplars are similar with herbs, both of which are mediated by receptor proteins and resistance (R) proteins, leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), but poplars have evolved some unique defense mechanisms compared with Arabidopsis due to their longevity. In this paper, current researches on poplar defensive responses to necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus, which mainly include the physiological and genetic aspects, and the role of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in fungal resistance are reviewed. This review also provides strategies to enhance poplar disease resistance and some new insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Hussain A, Farooq M, Naqvi RZ, Aslam MQ, Siddiqui HA, Amin I, Liu C, Liu X, Scheffler J, Asif M, Mansoor S. Whole-Genome Resequencing Deciphers New Insight Into Genetic Diversity and Signatures of Resistance in Cultivated Cotton Gossypium hirsutum. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:34-51. [PMID: 35778659 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important crop that produces fiber and cottonseed oil for the textile and oil industry. However, cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) stress is limiting its yield in several Asian countries. In this study, we have sequenced Mac7 accession, a Gossypium hirsutum resistance source against several biotic stresses. By aligning with the Gossypium hirsutum (AD1) 'TM-1' genome, a total of 4.7 and 1.2 million SNPs and InDels were identified in the Mac7 genome. The gene ontology and metabolic pathway enrichment indicated SNPs and InDels role in nucleotide bindings, secondary metabolite synthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Furthermore, the RNA-seq data in different tissues and qPCR expression profiling under CLCuD provided individual gene roles in resistant and susceptible accessions. Interestingly, the differential NLR genes demonstrated higher expression in resistant plants rather than in susceptible plants expression. The current resequencing results may provide primary data to identify DNA resistance markers which will be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for development of Mac7-derived resistance lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Hussain
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Aslam
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Anees Siddiqui
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jodi Scheffler
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS), 141 Experimental Station Road, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) gene family from Musa spp. and its role in defense response during stresses. Gene X 2022; 821:146334. [PMID: 35181501 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis related protein-1 (PR-1) is the most abundantly produced protein during defense response against many biotic and abiotic stresses. However, knowledge on PR-1 gene family and its evolutionary relationship in banana is very limited. In order to study the potential role of PR-1 genes in banana, genome wide identification, structure analysis and expressions were performed. A total of 15 and 11 PR-1 genes were identified from A and B genomes of banana and the proteins encoded by this gene family are of varying lengths and harbor conserved domains and motifs. PR-1 genes are unevenly dispersed on 11 chromosomes with segmental duplication in both A and B genome, suggesting an important contribution of duplication in expansion of PR-1 gene family in banana. qRT-PCR analysis of PR-1 gene showed positive correlation with the RNAseq data under various stresses and examination of expression pattern of selected MaPR-1 genes in banana revealed its role in biotic and abiotic stresses in general and fusarium wilt in particular. This study provides significant insight into the functions of PR-1 genes which can be further exploited as a promising candidate for developing multiple stress tolerant banana varieties.
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20
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Liang D, Qi Z, Du Y, Yu J, Yu M, Zhang R, Cao H, Pan X, Qiao J, Song T, Liu Y, Chen Z, Liu Y. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Reveal Conserved Mechanisms in the Rice- Magnaporthe oryzae Interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:723356. [PMID: 35449886 PMCID: PMC9016282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.723356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease and is responsible for major losses in rice production worldwide. Although numerous studies have focused on the interactions between Oryza sativa and M. oryzae, to date, the conserved mechanisms remain in part unclear. In this study, a comparative analysis of transcriptomes of O. sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. 'Nipponbare' interacting with three M. oryzae strains (248, 235, and 163) were performed to explore the conserved molecular mechanisms. Differentially expressed genes with similar expression patterns in the interactions between cultivar 'Nipponbare' and three M. oryzae strains were defined as Conserved Differentially Expressed Genes (CDEGs). These included 3,647 O. sativa CDEGs and 3,655 M. oryzae CDEGs. Four rice CDEGs (LOC_Os03g19270, LOC_Os07g36600, LOC_Os05g28740, and LOC_Os01g32780) encoding universal stress protein (USP) were induced within 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) by three M. oryzae strains. Meanwhile, overexpression of LOC_Os07g36600 resulted in enhanced rice resistance against M. oryzae. Furthermore, four rice genes coding light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein (LOC_Os02g52650, LOC_Os09g12540, LOC_Os11g13850, LOC_Os05g22730) were also identified as CDEGs and were induced at 48 hpi, which might contribute to blast resistance through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. MoCDIP4 is M. oryzae effector inducing rice cell death and were verified that include AA9 CAZy domain (namely GH61 domain). In this study, we found seven MoCDIP4-homologous genes coding proteins with signal peptides and AA9 CAZy domains, which were continuously up-regulated across all infection stages relative to uninoculated control. This study uncovered that genes are required for conserved mechanisms of rice-M. oryzae interaction, which includes rice genes encoding USP proteins and LHC proteins, as well as M. oryzae genes encoding AA9 proteins. This study will help us to understand how O. sativa responds to M. oryzae infections and the molecular mechanisms of M. oryzae pathogenicity.
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Li P, Xu Y, Wang K, Guo W, Gu Y, Lyu S, Huang J, Lin H, Huang C, Xu Z, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification of TLP Gene Family and Their Roles in Carya cathayensis Sarg in Response to Botryosphaeria dothidea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849043. [PMID: 35432404 PMCID: PMC9010463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis) is a critical tree species of the genus Carya from the Juglandaceae family that contains nutrient-rich nuts. Due to large-scale soil degradation, the pests and diseases of hickory are becoming more and more serious. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are vital proteins involved in the complex defense process of plant pathogens. In this study, 40 CcTLP genes were identified genome-widely and phylogenetically grouped into three subfamilies. The sequence of CcTLPs had a conservative pattern, such as eight stable disulfide bonds, REDDD, and G-X-[GF]-X-C-X-T-[GA]-D-C-X(1,2)-G-X-(2,3)-C structure. In total, 57 cis-elements related to stress-responsive, light-responsive, phytohormone-responsive, and plant-responsive were discovered. Under salicylate (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon (ETH) treatments, the expressions of CcTLP28, CcTLP29, CcTLP30, CcTLP31, CcTLP32, CcTLP33, CcTLP37, CcTLP38, and CcTLP39 had different patterns. This is an indication that most of the TLP genes were upregulated by SA and downregulated by MeJA. Notably, seven TLP genes were significantly upregulated under the Botryosphaeria dothidea inoculation, especially CcTLP31, with an over 20-fold change. Nine genes were shown by subcellular localization analysis to be located at the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The knowledge of the disease-resistant function of the CcTLP family in hickory is promoted by these results. A foundation reference for the molecular breeding of this plant in the future is provided by our findings.
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Yang S, Cai W, Shen L, Wu R, Cao J, Tang W, Lu Q, Huang Y, Guan D, He S. Solanaceous plants switch to cytokinin-mediated immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum under high temperature and high humidity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:459-478. [PMID: 34778967 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases generally tend to be more serious under conditions of high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) than under ambient temperature, but plant immunity against pathogen attacks under HTHH remains elusive. Herein, we used pepper as an example to study how Solanaceae cope with Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) under HTHH by performing RNA-seq combined with the reverse genetic method. The result showed that immunities mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in pepper roots were activated by RSI under ambient temperature. However, upon RSI under HTHH, JA signalling was blocked and SA signalling was activated early but its duration was greatly shortened in pepper roots, instead, expression of CaIPT5 and Glutathione S-transferase encoding genes, as well as endogenous content of trans-Zeatin, were enhanced. In addition, by silencing in pepper plants and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana, CaIPT5 was found to act positively in the immune response to RSI under HTHH in a way related to CaPRP1 and CaMgst3. Furthermore, the susceptibility of pepper, tomato and tobacco to RSI under HTHH was significantly reduced by exogenously applied tZ, but not by either SA or MeJA. All these data collectively suggest that pepper employs cytokinin-mediated immunity to cope with RSI under HTHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jianshen Cao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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23
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Zhang H, Ye Z, Liu Z, Sun Y, Li X, Wu J, Zhou G, Wan Y. The Cassava NBS-LRR Genes Confer Resistance to Cassava Bacterial Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:790140. [PMID: 35178059 PMCID: PMC8844379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.790140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) seriously affects cassava yield. Genes encoding nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains are among the most important disease resistance genes in plants that are specifically involved in the response to diverse pathogens. However, the in vivo roles of NBS-LRR remain unclear in cassava (Manihot esculenta). In this study, we isolated four MeLRR genes and assessed their expression under salicylic acid (SA) treatment and Xam inoculation. Four MeLRR genes positively regulate cassava disease general resistance against Xam via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression. During cassava-Xam interaction, MeLRRs positively regulated endogenous SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1) transcripts. Additionally, we revealed that MeLRRs positively regulated disease resistance in Arabidopsis. These pathogenic microorganisms include Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Alternaria brassicicola, and Botrytis cinerea. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of cassava resistance against Xam inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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24
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Zaynab M, Peng J, Sharif Y, Al-Yahyai R, Jamil A, Hussain A, Khan KA, Alotaibi SS, Li S. Expression profiling of pathogenesis-related Protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Solanum tuberosum reveals its critical role in phytophthora infestans infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105290. [PMID: 34808276 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-related (PR) proteins are an integral part of plants' defense mechanisms against various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. A little is known about the importance of these PR proteins in potato defense mechanisms. In the current study, a total of 22 pathogenesis-related 1 genes were identified in the potato genome. All identified proteins possessed the CAP superfamily domain with some other motifs. The cis-acting elements analysis identified several stress-responsive elements, including MYB, ABRE, and MeJRE. The gene duplication events demonstrated purifying and positive selection pressure. Expression profiling showed high transcripts level in root compared to other tissues; however, some genes have tissue-specific expression. Furthermore, the PR-1-5 gene is transcriptionally induced under Phytophthora infestans stress and hormonal (ABA and IAA) treatments. The Real-Time qPCR analysis also validated the RNA-seq data results of genes with maximum expression in roots compared to leaves and stems. The current study results provided basic data for functional characterization and can also use as a reference study for other important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zaynab
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51807, China
| | - Jiaofeng Peng
- Instrument Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51807, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Atka Jamil
- National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Athar Hussain
- Genomics Lab, Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia; Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O.BOX 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51807, China.
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25
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Amador VC, dos Santos-Silva CA, Vilela LMB, Oliveira-Lima M, de Santana Rêgo M, Roldan-Filho RS, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Lemos AB, de Oliveira WD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)-Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1281. [PMID: 34827219 PMCID: PMC8615156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure among the most challenging AMPs from the point of view of their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture of the LTP research, addressing not only their structural, evolutionary and further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by their direct isolation by biochemical techniques, whereas omics data and bioinformatics deserve special attention for their potential to bring new insights. In this context, new possible functions have been identified revealing that LTPs are actually multipurpose, with many additional predicted roles. Despite some challenges due to the toxicity and allergenicity of LTPs, a systematic review and search in patent databases, indicate promising perspectives for the biotechnological use of LTPs in human health and also plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Carlos André dos Santos-Silva
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Science Campus, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56300-990, Brazil;
| | - Ayug Bezerra Lemos
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Wilson Dias de Oliveira
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Sérgio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 1883, Qatar;
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
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26
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James AM, Seal SE, Bailey AM, Foster GD. Viral inosine triphosphatase: A mysterious enzyme with typical activity, but an atypical function. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:382-389. [PMID: 33471956 PMCID: PMC7865087 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses typically have highly condensed genomes, yet the plant-pathogenic viruses Cassava brown streak virus, Ugandan cassava brown streak virus, and Euphorbia ringspot virus are unusual in encoding an enzyme not yet found in any other virus, the "house-cleaning" enzyme inosine triphosphatase. Inosine triphosphatases (ITPases) are highly conserved enzymes that occur in all kingdoms of life and perform a house-cleaning function by hydrolysing the noncanonical nucleotide inosine triphosphate to inosine monophosphate. The ITPases encoded by cassava brown streak virus and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus have been characterized biochemically and are shown to have typical ITPase activity. However, their biological role in virus infection has yet to be elucidated. Here we review what is known of viral-encoded ITPases and speculate on potential roles in infection with the aim of generating a greater understanding of cassava brown streak viruses, a group of the world's most devastating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. James
- School of Biological SciencesLife Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Susan E. Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, Chatham MaritimeGillinghamUK
| | - Andy M. Bailey
- School of Biological SciencesLife Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Gary D. Foster
- School of Biological SciencesLife Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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27
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Ding T, Zhang W, Li Y, Duan T. Effect of the AM Fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa on Common Vetch Responses to an Anthracnose Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:542623. [PMID: 33391193 PMCID: PMC7775565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.542623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum lentis Damm causes anthracnose in Vicia sativa L, otherwise known as common vetch. It was first reported in China in 2019. This study evaluates the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) Błaszk., Niezgoda, & B.T. Goto on growth and disease severity in common vetch. Our main finding is that the AM fungus increased root biomass and reduced anthracnose severity of common vetch. Responses correlated with defense, such as chitinase activity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, the concentrations of jasmonic acid and proline, and the expression of resistance-related genes (e.g., upregulated "signal transduction," "MAPK signaling pathway," "chitinase activity," "response to stress," and the KEGG pathways "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis," "MAPK signaling pathways," and "plant-pathogen interactions"), were also affected These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which this AM fungus regulates the defense response of common vetch to C. lentis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingde Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Joshi V, Joshi N, Vyas A, Jadhav S. Pathogenesis-related proteins: Role in plant defense. BIOCONTROL AGENTS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES 2021:573-590. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822919-4.00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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29
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Hormhuan P, Viboonjun U, Sojikul P, Narangajavana J. Enhancing of anthracnose disease resistance indicates a potential role of antimicrobial peptide genes in cassava. Genetica 2020; 148:135-148. [PMID: 32654093 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is an important economic crop in tropical countries. Demands for using cassava in food, feed and biofuel industries have been increasing worldwide. Cassava anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis (CAD), is considered a major problem in cassava production. To minimize the effects of such disease, this study investigated the response of cassava to attack by CAD and how the plants defend themselves against this threat. Genome-wide identification of antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs) and their expression in response to fungal infection was performed in the resistant cassava cultivar (Huay Bong 60; HB60) in comparison with the highly susceptible cultivar (Hanatee; HN). A total of 114 gene members of AMP were identified in the cassava genome database. Fifty-six gene members were selected for phylogenetic tree construction and analysis of putative cis-acting elements in their promoter regions. Differential expression profiles of six candidate genes were observed in response to CAD infection of both cassava cultivars. Upregulation of snakins, MeSN1 and MeSN2 was found in HB60, whereas MeHEL, Me-AMP-D2 and MeLTP2 were highly induced in HN. The MeLTP1 gene was not expressed in either cultivar. HB60 showed a reduced severity rating in comparison to HN after CAD infection. The biomembrane permeability test of fungal CAD was strongly affected after treatment with protein extract derived from CAD-infected HB60. Altogether, these findings suggest that snakins have a potential function in the CAD defense response in cassava. These results could be useful for cassava improvement programs to fight fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Hormhuan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punchapat Sojikul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarunya Narangajavana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand.
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Changes in gene expression in potato meristems treated with the sprout suppressor 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene are dependent on tuber age and dormancy status. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235444. [PMID: 32614863 PMCID: PMC7332019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial storage of potatoes often relies on the use of sprout inhibitors to prolong storage and reduce spoilage. The compound 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) has seen increase application as a sprout inhibitor in the potato industry as older chemistries are being phased out. The mode of action of DMN is poorly understood as is the sensitivity of potato tissues to this new class of inhibitor. During storage potato tubers transition from a state of endo-dormant to eco-dormant and it is not known if the DMN response is consistent across this developmental transition. RNA-seq gene expression profiling was used to establish if stored potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum cv La Chipper) have differential sensitivity to DMN as tubers age. DMN was applied at three different times during storage; just after harvest when tubers are in endo-dormancy, midwinter at early eco-dormancy, and in spring during late eco-dormancy when sprouting was prevented via exposure to cold storage temperatures. Changes in gene expression were lowest during endo-dormancy while midwinter and spring treatments exhibited a greater and more diverse expression response. Functional analysis of differential gene expression demonstrated gene sets associated with DNA replication, cell division, and DNA methylation are suppressed after DMN treatment. However, gene sets associated with salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abiotic and biotic stress responses are elevated by DMN only after endodormancy terminates. Gene clusters associated with pathogenesis related proteins PR-4 and PR-5 are also upregulated in response to DMN. These results indicate that DMN sensitivity changes as potato tubers age and transition from endo-dormant to eco-dormant in storage and the overall response is a shift in gene classes that regulate growth and response to stress.
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