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Chetty A, Darby MG, Pillaye J, Taliep A, Cunningham AF, O’Shea MK, Katawa G, Layland LE, Ritter M, Horsnell WGC. Induction of Siglec-F hiCD101 hi eosinophils in the lungs following murine hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170807. [PMID: 37251384 PMCID: PMC10213982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth-induced eosinophils accumulate around the parasite at the site of infection, or in parasite-damaged tissues well after the helminth has left the site. The role of helminth-elicited eosinophils in mediating parasite control is complex. While they may contribute to direct parasite-killing and tissue repair, their involvement in long-term immunopathogenesis is a concern. In allergic Siglec-FhiCD101hi, eosinophils are associated with pathology. Research has not shown if equivalent subpopulations of eosinophils are a feature of helminth infection. In this study, we demonstrate that lung migration of rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) results in a long-term expansion of distinct Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophil subpopulations. Nb-elevated eosinophil populations in the bone marrow and circulation did not present this phenotype. Siglec-FhiCD101hi lung eosinophils exhibited an activated morphology including nuclei hyper-segmentation and cytoplasm degranulation. Recruitment of ST2+ ILC2s and not CD4+ T cells to the lungs was associated with the expansion of Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophils. This data identifies a morphologically distinct and persistent subset of Siglec-FhiCD101hi lung eosinophils induced following Nb infection. These eosinophils may contribute to long-term pathology following helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chetty
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew G. Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A'ishah Taliep
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA), Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires, Universite de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Laura E. Layland
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Santos J, Calabrese DR, Greenland JR. Lymphocytic Airway Inflammation in Lung Allografts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908693. [PMID: 35911676 PMCID: PMC9335886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplant remains a key therapeutic option for patients with end stage lung disease but short- and long-term survival lag other solid organ transplants. Early ischemia-reperfusion injury in the form of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute cellular rejection are risk factors for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a syndrome of airway and parenchymal fibrosis that is the major barrier to long term survival. An increasing body of research suggests lymphocytic airway inflammation plays a significant role in these important clinical syndromes. Cytotoxic T cells are observed in airway rejection, and transcriptional analysis of airways reveal common cytotoxic gene patterns across solid organ transplant rejection. Natural killer (NK) cells have also been implicated in the early allograft damage response to PGD, acute rejection, cytomegalovirus, and CLAD. This review will examine the roles of lymphocytic airway inflammation across the lifespan of the allograft, including: 1) The contribution of innate lymphocytes to PGD and the impact of PGD on the adaptive immune response. 2) Acute cellular rejection pathologies and the limitations in identifying airway inflammation by transbronchial biopsy. 3) Potentiators of airway inflammation and heterologous immunity, such as respiratory infections, aspiration, and the airway microbiome. 4) Airway contributions to CLAD pathogenesis, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), club cell loss, and the evolution from constrictive bronchiolitis to parenchymal fibrosis. 5) Protective mechanisms of fibrosis involving regulatory T cells. In summary, this review will examine our current understanding of the complex interplay between the transplanted airway epithelium, lymphocytic airway infiltration, and rejection pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Santos
- Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Calabrese
- Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel Calabrese, ; John R. Greenland,
| | - John R. Greenland
- Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel Calabrese, ; John R. Greenland,
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