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Pellegrini A, Pietrocola G. Recruitment of Vitronectin by Bacterial Pathogens: A Comprehensive Overview. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1385. [PMID: 39065153 PMCID: PMC11278874 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The key factor that enables pathogenic bacteria to establish successful infections lies largely in their ability to escape the host's immune response and adhere to host surfaces. Vitronectin (Vn) is a multidomain glycoprotein ubiquitously present in blood and the extracellular matrix of several tissues, where it plays important roles as a regulator of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation and as a mediator of cell adhesion. Vn has emerged as an intriguing target for several microorganisms. Vn binding by bacterial receptors confers protection from lysis resulting from MAC deposition. Furthermore, through its Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, Vn can bind several host cell integrins. Therefore, Vn recruited to the bacterial cell functions as a molecular bridge between bacteria and host surfaces, where it triggers several host signaling events that could promote bacterial internalization. Each bacterium uses different receptors that recognize specific Vn domains. In this review, we update the current knowledge of Vn receptors of major bacterial pathogens, emphasizing the role they may play in the host upon Vn binding. Focusing on the structural properties of bacterial proteins, we provide details on the residues involved in their interaction with Vn. Furthermore, we discuss the possible involvement of Vn adsorption on biomaterials in promoting bacterial adhesion on abiotic surfaces and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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2
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Garai P, Atack JM, Wills BM, Jennings MP, Bakaletz LO, Brockman KL. Adherence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Cells and Substrates of the Airway Is Differentially Regulated by Individual ModA Phasevarions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0409322. [PMID: 36511712 PMCID: PMC9927368 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04093-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to the host airway is an essential initial step for asymptomatic colonization of the nasopharynx, as well as development of disease. NTHi relies on strict regulation of multiple adhesins for adherence to host substrates encountered in the airway. NTHi encode a phase-variable cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferase, ModA, that regulates expression of multiple genes; a phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). Multiple modA alleles are present in NTHi, in which different alleles methylate a different DNA target, and each controls a different set of genes. However, the role of ModA phasevarions in regulating adherence of NTHi to the host airway is not well understood. This study therefore sought to investigate the role of four of the most prevalent ModA phasevarions in the regulation of adherence of NTHi to multiple substrates of the airway. Four clinical isolates of NTHi with unique modA alleles were tested in this study. The adherence of NTHi to mucus, middle ear epithelial cells, and vitronectin was regulated in a substrate-specific manner that was dependent on the ModA allele encoded. The adhesins Protein E and P4 were found to contribute to the ModA-regulated adherence of NTHi to distinct substrates. A better understanding of substrate-specific regulation of NTHi adherence by ModA phasevarions will allow identification of NTHi populations present at the site of disease within the airway and facilitate more directed development of vaccines and therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a predominant pathogen of the human airway that causes respiratory infections such as otitis media (OM) and exacerbations in the lungs of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the lack of a licensed vaccine against NTHi and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, it is extremely challenging to target NTHi for treatment. NTHi adhesins are considered potential candidates for vaccines or other therapeutic approaches. The ModA phasevarions of NTHi play a role in the rapid adaptation of the pathogen to different environmental stress conditions. This study addressed the role of ModA phasevarions in the regulation of adherence of NTHi to specific host substrates found within the respiratory tract. The findings of this study improve our understanding of regulation of adherence of NTHi to the airway, which may further be used to enhance the potential of adhesins as vaccine antigens and therapeutic targets against NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John M. Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon M. Wills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Cane J, Tregidgo L, Thulborn S, Finch D, Bafadhel M. Antimicrobial Peptides SLPI and Beta Defensin-1 in Sputum are Negatively Correlated with FEV 1. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1437-1447. [PMID: 34093009 PMCID: PMC8170372 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s301622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma have heterogeneous inflammation with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as a mainstay of treatment. There is increased prevalence of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) persistence in airways of patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation, potentially due to suppressed host defence after corticosteroid treatment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have antimicrobial activity against pathogens and immunomodulatory effects. We investigated whether AMPs associate with NTHi presence in COPD and asthma, and whether ICS alter this. Methods Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), osteopontin, elafin and beta defensin-1 were measured in sputum supernatants from healthy donors (n=9), asthmatics (n=21) and patients with COPD (n=14). Elafin and beta defensin-1 were measured in a primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from healthy and COPD donors infected with NTHi and pre-treated with fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide (BUD). Internalised NTHi was quantified by qPCR. Results Sputum SLPI was negatively correlated with FEV1 (p<0.001, r=-0.610), FEV1% predicted (p<0.001, r=-0.583) and FEV1/FVC (p=0.001, r=-0.528). Sputum beta defensin-1 was negatively associated with FEV1 (p<0.001***r=-0.594). SLPI and beta defensin-1 levels in sputum were higher in the healthy controls and COPD group compared to the asthma group (p=0.001 and p=0.014) and (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). ICS use was associated with higher sputum osteopontin compared to those with no ICS use. NTHi infection of COPD HBECs produced higher levels of beta defensin-1 compared to healthy donors (mean (SD) release: 45.1pg/mL (7.3) vs 21.2pg/mL (7.3) respectively, p=0.014). Elafin release from HBECs from COPD donors did not change following NTHi infection; however, elafin from healthy donors was significantly reduced (%mean reduction: 23.7%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of reduction: 5.3-38.4%, p<0.01). Conclusion Sputum SLPI and beta defensin-1 may be markers to identify those patients with declining lung function. ICS use was associated with higher sputum osteopontin compared to those with no ICS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cane
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Tregidgo
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samantha Thulborn
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Unraveling Haemophilus influenzae virulence mechanisms enable discovery of new targets for antimicrobials and vaccines. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 33:231-237. [PMID: 32304471 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The human upper respiratory tract is colonized with a variety of bacterial microorganisms including Haemophilus influenzae. The species H. influenzae consists of typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) variants. Typeable H. influenzae are subdivided into types a through f, based on the polysaccharide capsule, whereas the NTHi strains do not express a polysaccharide capsule. In this review, we highlight the current advances in the field of H. influenzae, with the focus on bacterial virulence mechanisms that facilitate bacterial colonization and disease, particularly for NTHi. RECENT FINDINGS In the past decade, it has become apparent that NTHi has the ability to cause invasive infections. Recently, a number of adhesins have been shown to be crucial for bacterial colonization and invasion and these proteins were investigated as vaccine antigens. Although NTHi lacks a polysaccharide capsule, it expresses lipooligosaccharide that contribute to adhesion and evasion of complement-mediated killing, both contributing to bacterial virulence, which could potentially be targeted by novel antimicrobial drugs or vaccines. SUMMARY The unraveling of H. influenzae virulence mechanisms resulted in the identification of promising targets for novel antimicrobials and vaccine antigens aiming to prevent or treat both typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae infections.
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5
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Haemophilin-Producing Strains of Haemophilus haemolyticus Protect Respiratory Epithelia from NTHi Colonisation and Internalisation. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010029. [PMID: 33401487 PMCID: PMC7823694 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a significant respiratory tract pathogen responsible for infections that collectively pose a substantial health and socioeconomic burden. The clinical course of these infections is largely dictated by NTHi interactions with host respiratory epithelia, and thus, approaches that disrupt colonisation and invasion may have significant therapeutic potential. Survival, successful host–cell interactions, and pathogenesis are reliant on NTHi’s ability to sequester host-derived haem. Previously, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exploiting this haem-dependence using a closely related competitor bacterium, Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh). Hh strains capable of producing the novel haem-binding protein haemophilin (Hpl) possessed potent inhibitory activity by restricting NTHi access to haem in a broth co-culture environment. Here, we extend this work to cell culture models that more closely represent the human respiratory epithelium and show that Hh strains with high levels of hpl expression protect epithelial cell line monolayers against adhesion and invasion by NTHi. Inhibitory activity was dependent on the level of Hpl production, which was stimulated by NTHi challenge and nasopharyngeal cell exposure. Provided these protective benefits translate to in vivo applications, Hpl-producing Hh may have probiotic utility against NTHi infections by inhibiting requisite nasopharyngeal colonisation.
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6
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Paudel KR, Dharwal V, Patel VK, Galvao I, Wadhwa R, Malyla V, Shen SS, Budden KF, Hansbro NG, Vaughan A, Yang IA, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, Bebawy M, Dua K, Hansbro PM. Role of Lung Microbiome in Innate Immune Response Associated With Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:554. [PMID: 33043031 PMCID: PMC7530186 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, and lung cancer, pose a huge socio-economic burden on society and are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the past, culture-dependent techniques could not detect bacteria in the lungs, therefore the lungs were considered a sterile environment. However, the development of culture-independent techniques, particularly 16S rRNA sequencing, allowed for the detection of commensal microbes in the lung and with further investigation, their roles in disease have since emerged. In healthy individuals, the predominant commensal microbes are of phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, including those of the genera Veillonella and Prevotella. In contrast, pathogenic microbes (Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) are often associated with lung diseases. There is growing evidence that microbial metabolites, structural components, and toxins from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria have the capacity to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and therefore can contribute to the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Here we review the multiple mechanisms that are altered by pathogenic microbiomes in asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and lung fibrosis. Furthermore, we focus on the recent exciting advancements in therapies that can be used to restore altered microbiomes in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Izabela Galvao
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vamshikrishna Malyla
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sj Sijie Shen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalicia Vaughan
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maija R J Kohonen-Corish
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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7
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Thornton RB, Hakansson A, Hood DW, Nokso-Koivisto J, Preciado D, Riesbeck K, Richmond PC, Su YC, Swords WE, Brockman KL. Panel 7 - Pathogenesis of otitis media - a review of the literature between 2015 and 2019. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 130 Suppl 1:109838. [PMID: 31879085 PMCID: PMC7062565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2015 to June 2019 on the pathogenesis of otitis media. Bacteria, viruses and the role of the microbiome as well as the host response are discussed. Directions for future research are also suggested. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS PubMed was searched for any papers pertaining to OM pathogenesis between July 2015 and June 2019. If in English, abstracts were assessed individually for their relevance and included in the report. Members of the panel drafted the report based on these searches and on new data presented at the 20th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media. CONCLUSIONS The main themes that arose in OM pathogenesis were around the need for symptomatic viral infections to develop disease. Different populations potentially having different mechanisms of pathogenesis. Novel bacterial otopathogens are emerging and need to be monitored. Animal models need to continue to be developed and used to understand disease pathogenesis. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings in the pathogenesis panel have several implications for both research and clinical practice. The most urgent areas appear to be to continue monitoring the emergence of novel otopathogens, and the need to develop prevention and preventative therapies that do not rely on antibiotics and protect against the development of the initial OM episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Thornton
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty Health and Medical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Hakansson
- Experimental Infection Medicine, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D W Hood
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - J Nokso-Koivisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Preciado
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P C Richmond
- School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics, Faculty Health and Medical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y C Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - W E Swords
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - K L Brockman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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8
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Baddal B. Characterization of biofilm formation and induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae on polarized human airway epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103985. [PMID: 31968224 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common airway commensal and opportunistic pathogen that persists within biofilm communities in vivo. Biofilm studies so far are mainly based on assays on plastic surfaces. The aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of clinical NTHi strains to form biofilm structures on polarized Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells and to characterize the biofilm architecture. Formation of adherent NTHi biofilms post colonization of host cells at multiple time-points was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. NTHi biofilms were analyzed in terms of biofilm height and presence of extracellular matrix components, and their apoptotic effects on epithelial cells were measured by TUNEL assay. Strain Fi176 was observed to form robust biofilms on airway epithelia over time, while disrupting the integrity of Calu-3 monolayer by 72 h of co-culture. NTHi biofilms were observed to induce apoptotic DNA fragmentation in host cells at 24 h post infection. Biofilm formation on cell monolayers by Fi176ΔpilA strain was markedly reduced compared to WT strain. Biofilm inhibition and disruption assays by crystal violet staining indicated that DNA and proteins are part of NTHi biofilms in vitro. Our findings highlight critical stages of NTHi pathogenesis following host colonization and provide useful biofilm models for future antimicrobial drug discovery investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Baddal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus; Microbial Pathogenesis Research Group, DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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9
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The Contribution of Geogenic Particulate Matter to Lung Disease in Indigenous Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152636. [PMID: 31344807 PMCID: PMC6696434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous children have much higher rates of ear and lung disease than non-Indigenous children, which may be related to exposure to high levels of geogenic (earth-derived) particulate matter (PM). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dust levels and health in Indigenous children in Western Australia (W.A.). Data were from a population-based sample of 1077 Indigenous children living in 66 remote communities of W.A. (>2,000,000 km2), with information on health outcomes derived from carer reports and hospitalisation records. Associations between dust levels and health outcomes were assessed by multivariate logistic regression in a multi-level framework. We assessed the effect of exposure to community sampled PM on epithelial cell (NuLi-1) responses to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in vitro. High dust levels were associated with increased odds of hospitalisation for upper (OR 1.77 95% CI [1.02–3.06]) and lower (OR 1.99 95% CI [1.08–3.68]) respiratory tract infections and ear disease (OR 3.06 95% CI [1.20–7.80]). Exposure to PM enhanced NTHi adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells and impaired IL-8 production. Exposure to geogenic PM may be contributing to the poor respiratory health of disadvantaged communities in arid environments where geogenic PM levels are high.
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10
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García-Fojeda B, González-Carnicero Z, de Lorenzo A, Minutti CM, de Tapia L, Euba B, Iglesias-Ceacero A, Castillo-Lluva S, Garmendia J, Casals C. Lung Surfactant Lipids Provide Immune Protection Against Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:458. [PMID: 30936871 PMCID: PMC6431623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes persistent respiratory infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), probably linked to its capacity to invade and reside within pneumocytes. In the alveolar fluid, NTHi is in contact with pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein complex that protects the lung against alveolar collapse and constitutes the front line of defense against inhaled pathogens and toxins. Decreased levels of surfactant phospholipids have been reported in smokers and patients with COPD. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surfactant phospholipids on the host-pathogen interaction between NTHi and pneumocytes. For this purpose, we used two types of surfactant lipid vesicles present in the alveolar fluid: (i) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs, > 1 μm diameter), which constitute the tensioactive material of surfactant, and (ii) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs, 0.1 μm diameter), which are generated after inspiration/expiration cycles, and are endocytosed by pneumocytes for their degradation and/or recycling. Results indicated that extracellular pulmonary surfactant binds to NTHi, preventing NTHi self-aggregation and inhibiting adhesion of NTHi to pneumocytes and, consequently, inhibiting NTHi invasion. In contrast, endocytosed surfactant lipids, mainly via the scavenger receptor SR-BI, did not affect NTHi adhesion but inhibited NTHi invasion by blocking bacterial uptake in pneumocytes. This blockade was made possible by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and Rac1 GTPase activation, which are signaling pathways involved in NTHi internalization. Administration of the hydrophobic fraction of lung surfactant in vivo accelerated bacterial clearance in a mouse model of NTHi pulmonary infection, supporting the notion that the lipid component of lung surfactant protects against NTHi infection. These results suggest that alterations in surfactant lipid levels in COPD patients may increase susceptibility to infection by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoe González-Carnicero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba de Lorenzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia de Tapia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Euba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias-Ceacero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Serré J, Mathyssen C, Ajime TT, Korf H, Maes K, Heulens N, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Vanaudenaerde B, Janssens W, Gayan-Ramirez G. Airway infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is more rapidly eradicated in vitamin D deficient mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:42-51. [PMID: 30399417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response of the airways, is often complicated by exacerbations. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk for COPD and may predispose COPD patients to a higher exacerbation rate, particularly during smoking. In the current study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D deficiency and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposure on lung inflammation and bacterial clearance after an acute infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Vitamin D deficient or sufficient mice were exposed to nose-only CS or ambient air for 6 weeks and oropharyngeally instilled with 106 NTHi. Residual viable NTHi were measured at different time points post-infection. Mechanisms of bacterial clearance (e.g. phagocytosis, pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, surfactant proteins and mucin) and lung remodeling (e.g. metalloproteinases, MMP's) were assessed. Although smoking resulted in reduced phagocytosis capacity of macrophages and neutrophils, bacterial clearance was similar to control mice. By contrast and independent of smoking, bacterial clearance was significantly accelerated in vitamin D deficient mice already from 24 h post-infection (p = 0.0087). This faster and complete eradication was associated with a more rapid resolution of cytokines and neutrophils 72 h post-infection and dominated by an upregulation of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) mRNA during infection (p = 0.026). However, vitamin D deficiency also resulted in more MMP12 protein in broncho-alveolar lavage and a shift in mRNA expression of MMP12/TIMP1 (p = 0.038) and MMP9/TIMP1 (p = 0.024) ratio towards more protease activity. Overall, vitamin D deficient mice resolved NTHi infection faster with a faster resolution of local lung inflammation, possibly through upregulation of CRAMP. This was associated with a disruption of the protease/anti-protease balance, which may potentially scale towards a higher extracellular matrix breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien Mathyssen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Tanjeko Ajime
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Heulens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Paulsson M, Riesbeck K. How bacteria hack the matrix and dodge the bullets of immunity. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:180018. [PMID: 29950304 PMCID: PMC9488709 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0018-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common Gram-negative pathogens associated with an array of pulmonary diseases. All three species have multiple adhesins in their outer membrane, i.e. surface structures that confer the ability to bind to surrounding cells, proteins or tissues. This mini-review focuses on proteins with high affinity for the components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen, laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin. Adhesins are not structurally related and may be lipoproteins, transmembrane porins or large protruding trimeric auto-transporters. They enable bacteria to avoid being cleared together with mucus by attaching to patches of exposed extracellular matrix, or indirectly adhering to epithelial cells using matrix proteins as bridging molecules. As more adhesins are being unravelled, it is apparent that bacterial adhesion is a highly conserved mechanism, and that most adhesins target the same regions on the proteins of the extracellular matrix. The surface exposed adhesins are prime targets for new vaccines and the interactions between proteins are often possible to inhibit with interfering molecules, e.g heparin. In conclusion, this highly interesting research field of microbiology has unravelled host-pathogen interactions with high therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Paulsson
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Dept of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Dept of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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13
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Li Y, Liu G, Zhang J, Zhong X, He Z. Identification of key genes in human airway epithelial cells in response to respiratory pathogens using microarray analysis. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:58. [PMID: 29884128 PMCID: PMC5994059 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway epithelium is the primary target for pathogens. It functions not only as a mechanical barrier, but also as an important sentinel of the innate immune system. However, the interactions and processes between host airway epithelium and pathogens are not fully understood. Results In this study, we identified responses of the human airway epithelium cells to respiratory pathogen infection. We retrieved three mRNA expression microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and identified 116 differentially expressed genes common to all three datasets. Gene functional annotations were performed using Gene Ontology and pathway analyses. Using protein-protein interaction network analysis and text mining, we identified a subset of genes functioned as a group and associated with infection, inflammation, tissue adhesion, and receptor internalization in infected epithelial cells. These genes were further identified in BESE-2B cells in response to Talaromyces marneffei by Real-Time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, we performed an in silico prediction of microRNA-target interactions and examined our findings. Conclusions Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified several genes that may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis or the surveillance of early respiratory tract infection, and identified additional genes and miRNAs that warrant further fundamental experimental research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1187-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangnan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Behrouzi A, Bouzari S, Vaziri F, Fateh A, Afrough P, Vijeh Motlagh AD, Siadat SD. Recombinant truncated E protein as a new vaccine candidate against nontypeable H. influenzae: Its expression and immunogenic evaluation. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:431-438. [PMID: 28735080 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein E (PE) is a conserved entity observed in both nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and encapsulated H. influenzae. This is a small surface lipoprotein, consisting of only 160 amino acids, involved in the adhesion of H. influenzae to various types of epithelial cells. A 384-bp-long fragment from NTHi PE was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pBAD-gIIIA. The recombinant protein was expressed with arabinose and then purified by affinity purification on an Ni-NTA agarose matrix. BALB/c mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection with purified recombinant truncated PE mixed with an alum adjuvant. Serum antibody response and the functional activity of antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum bactericidal assay (SBA), respectively. Colony PCR, double digestion, and sequencing were used to verify successful cloning of truncated PE. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analyses indicated the presence of a ∼15-kDa recombinant protein. Serum IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels were significantly higher in the group immunized by recombinant truncated PE mixed with an alum adjuvant, compared to the non-vaccinated control group. Development of a strong bactericidal effect against NTHi was observed in the serum samples from immunized animals. Our findings suggest that recombinant truncated PE is a potential vaccine candidate for NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehrani, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Afrough
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Ahearn CP, Gallo MC, Murphy TF. Insights on persistent airway infection by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3753446. [PMID: 28449098 PMCID: PMC5437125 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterial cause of infection of the lower airways in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Infection of the COPD airways causes acute exacerbations, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. NTHi has evolved multiple mechanisms to establish infection in the hostile environment of the COPD airways, allowing the pathogen to persist in the airways for months to years. Persistent infection of the COPD airways contributes to chronic airway inflammation that increases symptoms and accelerates the progressive loss of pulmonary function, which is a hallmark of the disease. Persistence mechanisms of NTHi include the expression of multiple redundant adhesins that mediate binding to host cellular and extracellular matrix components. NTHi evades host immune recognition and clearance by invading host epithelial cells, forming biofilms, altering gene expression and displaying surface antigenic variation. NTHi also binds host serum factors that confer serum resistance. Here we discuss the burden of COPD and the role of NTHi infections in the course of the disease. We provide an overview of NTHi mechanisms of persistence that allow the pathogen to establish a niche in the hostile COPD airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Ahearn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mary C. Gallo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Timothy F. Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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16
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Singh NK, Kunde DA, Tristram SG. Inability of Haemophilus haemolyticus to invade respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1341-1342. [PMID: 27624822 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale A Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen G Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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17
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Conte V, Monaco M, Giani T, D'Ancona F, Moro ML, Arena F, D'Andrea MM, Rossolini GM, Pantosti A. Molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from invasive infections in Italy: increasing diversity with predominance of the ST512 clade II sublineage. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:3386-3391. [PMID: 27585968 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) represents one of the most worrisome problems for clinical medicine worldwide. In Italy, the Antibiotic-Resistance-Istituto Superiore di Sanità surveillance network, in collaboration with the Committee for Antimicrobial Agents of the Italian Society of Clinical Microbiologists, promoted a study to investigate the carbapenem-resistance mechanisms, clonal relatedness and capsular typing of a recent collection of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP). METHODS A total of 17 laboratories distributed across Italy collected all consecutive non-replicate CR-KP isolated from invasive infections during two different study periods (2011-12 and 2013). Carbapenemase genes were searched for by filter hybridization and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. KPC-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) were typed by PFGE and MLST. Capsular types were identified by wzi gene typing. RESULTS Of the collected K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 461), the overall proportion of CR-KP was 36.2% (n = 167). The majority (97%) of the CR-KP were positive for the blaKPC gene. Among the KPC-KP population, nine different STs were detected with the majority of isolates (94%) belonging to the clonal group (CG) 258. A subpopulation that belonged to ST512 and showed an identical PFGE profile represented the majority (57%) of KPC-KP strains, with a countrywide distribution. Capsular characterization showed the predominance of the wzi154, cps-2 capsular type (88.8% of all CG258 strains). ST258 strains were associated with both cps-1 and cps-2 capsular types, while ST512 was associated with cps-2 only. CONCLUSIONS Although a trend to a polyclonal evolution of the Italian KPC-KP was noted, this study showed that the KPC-KP population remained largely oligoclonal with the wide diffusion of an ST512 lineage carrying cps-2 capsular type and producing the KPC-3 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Conte
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Monaco
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fortunato D'Ancona
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moro
- Infectious Risk Area, Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Arena
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy .,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology and Serology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Duell BL, Su YC, Riesbeck K. Host-pathogen interactions of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: from commensal to pathogen. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3840-3853. [PMID: 27508518 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a commensal microbe often isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract. This bacterial species can cause sinusitis, acute otitis media in preschool children, exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as conjunctivitis and bacteremia. Since the introduction of a vaccine against H. influenzae serotype b in the 1990s, the burden of H. influenzae-related infections has been increasingly dominated by NTHi. Understanding the ability of NTHi to cause infection is currently an expanding area of study. NTHi is able to exert differential binding to the host tissue through the use of a broad range of adhesins. NTHi survival in the host is multifaceted, that is, using virulence factors involved in complement resistance, biofilm, modified immunoglobulin responses, and, finally, formation and utilization of host proteins as a secondary strategy of increasing the adhesive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Luke Duell
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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