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Jerez-Bogota K, Jensen M, Højberg O, Cormican P, Lawlor PG, Gardiner GE, Canibe N. Antibacterial plant combinations prevent postweaning diarrhea in organically raised piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095160. [PMID: 37077951 PMCID: PMC10106643 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics and zinc oxide restrictions encourage the search for alternatives to combat intestinal pathogens, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a major cause of postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. PWD causes important economic losses for conventional and organic farming. This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with garlic and apple pomace or blackcurrant on infection indicators and the fecal microbiota of organic-raised piglets challenged with ETEC-F18. For 21 days, 32 piglets (7-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: non-challenge (NC); ETEC-challenged (PC); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and apple pomace (3 + 3%; GA); ETEC-challenged receiving garlic and blackcurrant (3 + 3%; GB). ETEC-F18 was administered (8 mL; 109 CFU/ml) on days 1 and 2 postweaning. The 1st week, PC had lower average daily gain than those in the NC, GA, and GB groups (P < 0.05). NC pigs showed neither ETEC-F18 shedding nor signs of diarrhea. The PC group had higher diarrhea incidence and lower fecal dry matter than NC (≈5–10 days; 95% sEBCI). The GA and GB groups showed reduced ETEC-F18 and fedA gene shedding, higher fecal dry matter, and lower diarrhea incidence than the PC (≈5–9 days; 95% sEBCI). The NC, GA, and GB had normal hematology values during most of the study, whereas the PC had increased (P < 0.05) red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit on day 7. Haptoglobin and pig-MAP increased in all groups, peaking on day 7, but PC showed the greatest increase (P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota of PC pigs had reduced α-diversity (day 7; P < 0.05) and higher volatility (days 3–14; P < 0.05). Escherichia, Campylobacter, and Erysipelothrix were more abundant in the PC than in the NC, GB, and GA groups (log2FC > 2; P < 0.05), whereas Catenibacterium, Dialister, and Mitsoukella were more abundant in the NC, GB, and GA than in the PC group (log2FC > 2; P < 0.05). Prevotella and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the GB group (log2FC > 2, P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of GA and GB limited ETEC proliferation, reduced PWD, and beneficially impacted the fecal microbiota's diversity, composition, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jerez-Bogota
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Peadar G. Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Gillian E. Gardiner
- Department of Science, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Southeast Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Nuria Canibe
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2
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The Gut Microbiome-Brain Crosstalk in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071486. [PMID: 35884791 PMCID: PMC9312830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex interactive network linking the gut to the brain. It involves the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal and the central nervous system, mediated by endocrinological, immunological, and neural signals. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. The gut microbiome is a pivotal component of the GBA, and alterations in its composition have been linked to GBA dysfunction and CNS inflammation and degeneration. The gut microbiome might influence the homeostasis of the central nervous system homeostasis through the modulation of the immune system and, more directly, the production of molecules and metabolites. Small clinical and preclinical trials, in which microbial composition was manipulated using dietary changes, fecal microbiome transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized control trials are lacking. Here, we give an overview of how the gut microbiome influences the GBA and could contribute to disease pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Amir A, Erez-Granat O, Braun T, Sosnovski K, Hadar R, BenShoshan M, Heiman S, Abbas-Egbariya H, Glick Saar E, Efroni G, Haberman Y. Gut microbiome development in early childhood is affected by day care attendance. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35017536 PMCID: PMC8752763 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome develops during the first years of life, followed by a relatively stable adult microbiome. Day care attendance is a drastic change that exposes children to a large group of peers in a diverse environment for prolonged periods, at this critical time of microbial development, and therefore has the potential to affect microbial composition. We characterize the effect of day care on the gut microbial development throughout a single school year in 61 children from 4 different day care facilities, and in additional 24 age-matched home care children (n = 268 samples, median age of entering the study was 12 months). We show that day care attendance is a significant and impactful factor in shaping the microbial composition of the growing child, the specific daycare facility and class influence the gut microbiome, and each child becomes more similar to others in their day care. Furthermore, in comparison to home care children, day care children have a different gut microbial composition, with enrichment of taxa more frequently observed in older populations. Our results provide evidence that daycare may be an external factor that contributes to gut microbiome maturation and make-up in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Amir
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Erez-Granat
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tzipi Braun
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Katya Sosnovski
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Hadar
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina BenShoshan
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sophia Heiman
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haya Abbas-Egbariya
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Glick Saar
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilat Efroni
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Haberman
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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4
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Diarrheal disease and gut microbiome. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:149-177. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Yamashita H, Nishiyama M, Ohbuchi K, Kanno H, Tsuchiya K, Yamaguchi J, Mizuno T, Ebata T, Nagino M, Yokoyama Y. Predicting Inchinkoto efficacy, in patients with obstructive jaundice associated with malignant tumors, through pharmacomicrobiomics. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105981. [PMID: 34798264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inchinkoto (ICKT) is a popular choleretic and hepatoprotective herbal medicine that is widely used in Japan. Geniposide, a major ingredient of ICKT, is metabolized to genipin by gut microbiota, which exerts a choleretic effect. This study investigates the relationship between stool genipin-producing activity and diversity of the clinical effect of ICKT in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Fifty-two patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who underwent external biliary drainage were included. ICKT was administered as three packets per day (7.5 g/day) for three days and 2.5 g on the morning of the fourth day. Stool samples were collected before ICKT administration and bile flow was monitored on a daily basis. The microbiome, genipin-producing activity, and organic acids in stools were analyzed. The Shannon-Wiener (SW) index was calculated to evaluate gut microbiome diversity. The stool genipin-producing activity showed a significant positive correlation with the SW index. Stool genipin-producing activity positively correlated with the order Clostridia (obligate anaerobes), but negatively correlated with the order Lactobacillales (facultative anaerobes). Moreover, stool genipin-producing activity was positively correlated to the concentration valeric acid, but negatively correlated to the concentration of lactic acid and succinic acid. The change of bile flow at 2 and 3 days after ICKT administration showed significant positive correlation with genipin-producing activity (correlation coefficient, 0.40 and 0.29, respectively, P < 0.05). An analysis of stool profile, including stool genipin-producing activity, may predict the efficacy of ICKT. Modification of the microbiome may be a target to enhance the therapeutic effect of ICKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yamashita
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsue Nishiyama
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kanno
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsuchiya
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Division of Perioperative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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6
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van Best N, Hornef MW. Early life host regulation of the mammalian enteric microbiota composition. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151498. [PMID: 33774478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric microbiota exerts a major influence on the host. It promotes food degradation, nutrient absorption, immune maturation and protects from infection with pathogenic microorganisms. However, certain compositional alterations also enhance the risk to develop metabolic, inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. This suggests that the enteric microbiota is subject to strong evolutionary pressure. Here, we hypothesize that endogenous, genetically determined mechanisms exist that shape and optimize the enteric microbiota. We discuss that the postnatal period as the starting point of the host-microbial interaction bears the greatest chance to identify such regulatory mechanisms and report on two recently identified ways how the neonate host favours or disfavours colonization by certain bacteria and thereby manipulates the postnatally emerging bacterial ecosystem. A better understanding of these mechanisms might ultimately help to define the features of a beneficial enteric microbiota and to develop interventional strategies to overcome adverse microbiota alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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7
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Mehta O, Inbaraj LR, Astbury S, Grove JI, Norman G, Aithal GP, Valdes AM, Vijay A. Gut Microbial Profile Is Associated With Residential Settings and Not Nutritional Status in Adults in Karnataka, India. Front Nutr 2021; 8:595756. [PMID: 33708787 PMCID: PMC7940358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.595756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition is a leading contributor to disease and disability in people of all ages. Several studies have reported significant association between nutritional status and gut microbiome composition but other factors such as demographic settings may also influence the adult microbiome. The relationship between undernourishment and gut microbiome in adults has not been described to date. In this study, we compared the gut microbiome in fecal samples of 48 individuals, from two demographic settings (rural and urban slum) in Karnataka, India using 16S rRNA sequencing. Nutritional status was assessed based on BMI, with a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 classified as undernourished, and a BMI in the range 18.5–25 kg/m2 as nourished. We analyzed 25 individuals from rural settings (12 undernourished and 13 nourished) and 23 individuals from urban slum settings (11 undernourished and 12 nourished). We found no significant difference in overall gut microbial diversity (Shannon and Unweighted UniFrac) between undernourished and nourished individuals in either geographical settings, however, microbial taxa at the phylum level (i.e., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac) differed significantly between the rural and urban slum settings. By predicting microbial function from 16S data profiling we found significant differences in metabolic pathways present in the gut microbiota from people residing in different settings; specifically, those related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The weighted sum of the KEGG Orthologs associated with carbohydrate metabolism (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ = −0.707, p < 0.001), lipid metabolism (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ = −0.330, p < 0.022) and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ = −0.507, p < 0.001) were decreased in the urban slum group compared to the rural group. In conclusion, we report that the geographical location of residence is associated with differences in gut microbiome composition in adults. We found no significant differences in microbiome composition between nourished and undernourished adults from urban slum or rural settings in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojasvi Mehta
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stuart Astbury
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane I Grove
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gift Norman
- Department of Community Health, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Vijay
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Center, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Mancabelli L, Tarracchini C, Milani C, Lugli GA, Fontana F, Turroni F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Multi-population cohort meta-analysis of human intestinal microbiota in early life reveals the existence of infant community state types (ICSTs). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2480-2493. [PMID: 33005310 PMCID: PMC7516180 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate development of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is known to be important for human health. In fact, aberrant alterations of the microbial composition during childhood may cause short- and/or long-term negative health effects. Many factors influence the initial assembly and subsequent progression of the gut microbiota of a neonate, such as feeding type, delivery mode, gestational age, maternal metabolic status and antibiotic exposure. In the current study, the composition of the infant gut core-microbiota was explored, revealing particular variations of this core-microbiota during the first three years as influenced by delivery mode and feeding type. A multi-population cohort meta-analysis was performed by selecting 15 publicly available datasets pertaining to taxonomic profiles of 1035 fecal samples of healthy infants, as obtained by means of a 16S rRNA gene-based profiling approach. Interestingly, this multi-population cohort meta-analysis revealed great microbial complexity and specific taxonomic shifts in children older than six months, suggesting a major impact by the introduction of solid foods which prompts progression of infant gut microbiota towards that typical of adults. The taxonomic data sets employed in this multi-population cohort meta-analysis possess the statistical robustness to allow the identification of infant community state types (ICSTs). Our analysis therefore reveals the existence of specific taxonomic patterns that correspond to particular nutritional and developmental stages of early life, and that had previously been obscured by the high variability typical of such infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Kim G, Bae J, Kim MJ, Kwon H, Park G, Kim SJ, Choe YH, Kim J, Park SH, Choe BH, Shin H, Kang B. Delayed Establishment of Gut Microbiota in Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2099. [PMID: 33013766 PMCID: PMC7516058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal vaginal microbiome is an important source for infant gut microbiome development. However, infants delivered by Cesarean section (CS) do not contact the maternal vaginal microbiome and this delivery method may perturb the early establishment and development of the gut microbiome. The aim of this study was to investigate the early gut microbiota of Korean newborns receiving the same postpartum care services for two weeks after birth by delivery mode using fecal samples collected at days 3, 7, and 14. Early gut microbiota development patterns were examined using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing from 132 infants either born vaginally (VD, n = 64) or via Cesarean section (CS, n = 68). VD-born neonates showed increased alpha diversity in infant fecal samples collated at days 7 and 14 compared to those from day 3, while those of CS infants did not differ (p < 0.015). Bacterial structures of infants from both groups separated at day 7 (p < 0.001) and day 14 (p < 0.01). The bacterial structure of VD infants gradually changed over time (day 3 vs. day 7, p < 0.012; day 3 vs. day 14, p < 0.001). Day 14 samples of CS infants differed from day 3 and 7 samples (day 3 vs. day 14, p < 0.001). VD infant relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (days 7, 14), Bacteroides (days 7, 14), and Lachnospiraceae (day 7) significantly increased compared to CS infants, with a lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (found in all periods of the CS group) (LDA > 3.0). Relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Staphylococcus were significantly increased in both VD and CS groups at day 14 (LDA > 3.0). Predicted functional analysis showed that VD infants had overrepresented starch/sucrose, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in gut microbiota with depleted lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis until day 14 compared to CS infants. This study confirmed that delivery mode is the major determinant of neonatal intestinal microbiome establishment and provides a profile of microbiota perturbations in CS infants. Our findings provide preliminary insight for establishing recovery methods to supply the specific microbes missing in CS infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyungcheon Kim
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoong Bae
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Kwon
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yon Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisook Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Strasser C, Spindelboeck W, Kashofer K, Oswald J, Haid B. Low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis has no significant impact on the stability of the intestinal microbiome in children with urogenital tract malformations under 1 year of age. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:456.e1-456.e7. [PMID: 32665196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.05.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating data point at potentially lasting effects of early childhood therapeutic antibiotic exposure on the intestinal microbial. Little is known on the impact of low-dose longterm antibiotic prophylaxis on the developing intestinal microbiota in children during their first year of life. OBJECTIVE To investigate compositional changes of the intestinal microbiota by next generation sequencing based microbiome analysis and bacterial metabolites in longitudinally collected fecal samples. STUDY DESIGN Twelve patients were analyzed in this prospective, longitudinal pilot study during a period of 70 days (sampling on days 0,7,14,30,70). Only transvaginally and term born babies, breastfed with no prior antibiotic exposure with urogenital malformation (vesicoureteral reflux and/or upper urinary tract dilatation) were included into the study. Seven patients received antibiotic longterm prophylaxis with a second-generation cephalosporin and five did not. Sequencing of bacterial 16 S rRNA allowed for an analysis of the microbiome composition. The Principal coordinate analysis was performed for the evaluation of compositional profile. Furthermore, quantitative measurement of short chain fatty acids served as a proxy for the metabolic activity of the individual microbiome over the study time. RESULTS Analysis of observed species, Shannon Index and weighted Unifrac distances between timepoints revealed neither significant difference comparing the prophylaxis group versus the control group over the study period, nor significant changes within the groups over time. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was performed for the evaluation of compositional profile. Also, no differences regarding the fecal SCFA content were found between the two groups (>0.05 at each tested point, Mann-Whitney Test). DISCUSSION Although there were interindividual compositional differences of the microbiome (cluster of bacterial composition) at the beginning of the observation, we did not observe significant longitudinal changes regarding both bacterial diversity and SCFAs in neither group. Over the study period, the patient's microbiome remained stable and resilient to the antibiotic exposure in terms of bacterial abundance and metabolism. Limitations to the study are the low number of patients included and the use of one single antibiotic (cefaclor). CONCLUSION This is the first pilot study to demonstrate that long term low-dose antibiotic administration in children under one year of age does neither seem to influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota nor the quantities of bacterial fermentation products compared to untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Strasser
- Med Campus III, Kepleruniversitätsklinikum, Department of Urology and Andrology, Linz, Austria; Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Department of Paediatric Urology, Linz, Austria
| | - W Spindelboeck
- Medical University Graz, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graz, Austria.
| | - K Kashofer
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathology, Graz, Austria
| | - J Oswald
- Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Department of Paediatric Urology, Linz, Austria
| | - B Haid
- Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Department of Paediatric Urology, Linz, Austria; Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Urology, Munich, Germany
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Cowan CSM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Annual Research Review: Critical windows - the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurocognitive development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:353-371. [PMID: 31773737 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a vast, complex, and fascinating ecosystem of microorganisms that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. As an integral part of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, it is now being recognized that the microbiota is a modulator of brain and behavior, across species. Intriguingly, periods of change in the microbiota coincide with the development of other body systems and particularly the brain. We hypothesize that these times of parallel development are biologically relevant, corresponding to 'sensitive periods' or 'critical windows' in the development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Specifically, signals from the microbiota during these periods are hypothesized to be crucial for establishing appropriate communication along the axis throughout the life span. In other words, the microbiota is hypothesized to act like an expected input to calibrate the development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The absence or disruption of the microbiota during specific developmental windows would therefore be expected to have a disproportionate effect on specific functions or potentially for regulation of the system as a whole. Evidence for microbial modulation of neurocognitive development and neurodevelopmental risk is discussed in light of this hypothesis, finishing with a focus on the challenges that lay ahead for the future study of the microbiota-gut-brain axis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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