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Sun N, Yang Y, Wang G, Guo L, Liu L, San Z, Zhao C, Zhao L, Tong M, Cheng Y, Chen Q. Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with capsular serotype K2 isolates from mink in China. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:356. [PMID: 39127663 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen, and also one of the common pathogenic bacteria causing mink pneumonia. The aim of this study was to get a better understanding of the whole-genome of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with K2 serotype in China. This study for the first time to analyze Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, resistance and virulence genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae in mink. RESULTS The isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae with serotype K2 and ST6189 by PCR method. The string test was positive and showed high mucus phenotype. There was one plasmid with IncFIB replicons in the genome. The virulence factors including capsule, lipopolysaccharide, adhesin, iron uptake system, urease, secretory system, regulatory gene (rcsA, rcsB), determinants of pili adhesion, enolase and magnesium ion absorption related genes. The strain was multi-drug resistant. A total of 26 resistance genes, including beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, amide alcohols, macrolides, rifampicin, fosfomycin, vancomycin, diaminopyrimidines and polymyxin. Multidrug-resistant efflux protein AcrA, AcrB, TolC, were predicted in the strain. CONCLUSION It was the first to identify that serotype K2 K. pneumonia with ST6189 isolated from mink in China. The finding indicated that hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae was exist in Chinese mink. The whole-genome of K. pneumoniae isolates have importance in mink farming practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guisheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Li Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihao San
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China.
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Hun Seo Y, Elizabeth Aguilar Estrada D, Jang D, Baik S, Lee J, Ha Kim D, Kim S. Aggregation-induced emission carbon dots as Al 3+-mediated nanoaggregate probe for rapid and selective detection of tetracycline. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123925. [PMID: 38262297 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide abuse of tetracycline (TC) seriously threatens environmental safety and human health. Metal-TC complexes formed by residual TC in the environment can also contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, monitoring of TC residues is still required. Here, we report novel aggregation-induced emission carbon dots (AIE-Cdots) as nanoaggregate probes for the rapid and selective detection of TC residue. Riboflavin precursors with rotational functional groups led to the development of AIE-Cdots. The aggregation of AIE-Cdots was induced selectively for Al3+, amplifying the fluorescence signals owing to the restricted rotation of the side chains on the AIE-Cdot surface. The fluorescence signal of such Al3+-mediated nanoaggregates (Al3+-NAs) was further triggered by the structural fixation of TC at the Al3+ active sites, suggesting the formation of TC-coordinated Al3+-NAs. A linear correlation was observed in the TC concentration range of 0-10 μM with a detection limit of 42 nM. In addition, the strong Al3+ binding affinity of AIE-Cdots produced similar NAs and enhanced fluorescence signals in Al3+-TC mixtures. These AIE-Cdots-based nanoplatforms have a rapid response, good selectivity, and reliable accuracy for detecting TC or aluminum complexes, meeting the requirements for hazardous substance monitoring and removal in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Seo
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
| | | | - Dohyub Jang
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyun Baik
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Basic Sciences Research Institute (Priority Research Institute), Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Nanobio Energy Materials Center (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center), Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Fresno AH, Alencar ALF, Liu G, Wridt MW, Andersen FB, Pedersen HS, Martin HL, Nielsen SS, Aabo S, Olsen JE, Jensen AN. Effect of feeding dairy calves with milk fermented with selected probiotic strains on occurrence of diarrhoea, carriage of pathogenic and zoonotic microorganisms and growth performance. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109885. [PMID: 37812833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Calf-diarrhoea is a major health problem in dairy calves and a primary reason for use of antimicrobials. We aimed to investigate the effect of feeding milk fermented with a combination of four probiotic bacterial strains to young-calves on; occurrence of diarrhoea and associated-pathogens (bacteria, virus and parasites), shedding of Salmonella Dublin and Campylobacter, occurrence of virulence genes linked to Clostridium perfringens, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), as well as growth performance. For this, 143 new-born calves from three Danish dairy-farms were allocated into Treatment- (fed the fermented milk for the first 8-weeks-of-life) and Control-groups (fed regular farm-milk). Diarrhoea was observed in 18.6 % (Farm 1), 22.4 % (Farm 2) and 15.7 % (Farm 3) of the total registrations mainly within the first 3-weeks-of-life. C. perfringens was the most frequently detected pathogen. The treatment did not affect the occurrence of virulence genes linked to STEC and C. perfringens and, overall, their detection levels were very low/undetected. The statistical model applied found no significant effect of the treatment on prevalence of early-diarrhoea (≤ 3 weeks), late-diarrhoea (>3 weeks), occurrence of C. perfringens and Cryptosporidium parvum or levels of Campylobacter spp. Limited detection of the other pathogens and associated virulence-genes under study, did not allow for assessment of the impact of the treatment on their occurrence. Notably, the feeding-approach showed a significant detrimental effect on daily-weight-gain. The inefficacy of the treatment may be associated with the complexity of influencing factors under field conditions including management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero Fresno
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Luiza Farias Alencar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qinddao 266109, China
| | - Mathilde Weinreich Wridt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Aabo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annette Nygaard Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Lungu BC, Hutu I, Barrow PA. Molecular Characterisation of Antimicrobial Resistance in E. coli Isolates from Piglets in the West Region of Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1544. [PMID: 37887245 PMCID: PMC10604006 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used for prophylaxis and therapy, reducing morbidity and mortality produced by bacterial pathogensin pigs, including infections caused by Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to characterise antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes in E. coli isolates in pigs in West Romanian grower farms. Differential phenotypic susceptibility profiles and the contribution of resistance genes to phenotypic expression of susceptibility or resistance were evaluated. A total of 76 E. coli isolates were identified and confirmed by the MicroScan Walk Away System. The occurrence of four resistance genes, ampC, blaZ, blaTEM and tetK in strains resistant to 13 antibiotics was assessed. Of the E. coli isolates, 0% showed resistance to meropenem, 3.9% to tigecycline and 10.5% to piperacillin/tazobactam, whereas, in contrast, 100% were resistant to ampicillin and mezlocillin, 76.31% to piperacillin and 59.3% to tetracycline. The prevalence of resistance genes in resistant isolates detected by q-PCR analysis was 97.0% for ampC, 96% for blaZ, 32.9% for blaTEM and 58.8% for tetK. Penetrance (the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant of a gene that also expresses an associated trait) was 50% for ampC (32% for amoxicillin/clavulanate, 62% for cefazolin, 32% for cefepime, 100% for cefotaxime, 56% for cefuroxime and 99% for ampicillin), 65% for blaZ (32% for amoxicillin/clavulanate and 99% for ampicillin), 51% for blaTEM (81% for piperacillin) and 44% for the tetK gene (83% for tetracycline). The result of phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing may indicate the presence of plasmid-borne resistance, with a diagnostic odds ratio of a positive phenotypic resistance for tetK being 4.52. As a management decision, the maximum penetrance admitted for using a specific antibiotic for E. coli infections in pigs is recommended to be less than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cornelia Lungu
- Horia Cernescu Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ioan Hutu
- Horia Cernescu Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Paul Andrew Barrow
- Horia Cernescu Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Rd., Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AL, UK
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5
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Tams KW, Larsen I, Hansen JE, Spiegelhauer H, Strøm-Hansen AD, Rasmussen S, Ingham AC, Kalmar L, Kean IRL, Angen Ø, Holmes MA, Pedersen K, Jelsbak L, Folkesson A, Larsen AR, Strube ML. The effects of antibiotic use on the dynamics of the microbiome and resistome in pigs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:39. [PMID: 37605221 PMCID: PMC10440943 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in pig farming across the world which has led to concerns about the potential impact on human health through the selection of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. This worry has resulted in the development of a production scheme known as pigs Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA), in which pigs are produced in commercial farms, but are ear-tagged as RWA until slaughter unless they receive treatment, thus allowing the farmer to sell the pigs either as premium priced RWA or as conventional meat. Development of antibiotic resistance in pig farming has been studied in national surveys of antibiotic usage and resistance, as well as in experimental studies of groups of pigs, but not in individual pigs followed longitudinally in a commercial pig farm. In this study, a cohort of RWA designated pigs were sampled at 10 time points from birth until slaughter along with pen-mates treated with antibiotics at the same farm. From these samples, the microbiome, determined using 16S sequencing, and the resistome, as determined using qPCR for 82 resistance genes, was investigated, allowing us to examine the difference between RWA pigs and antibiotic treated pigs. We furthermore included 176 additional pigs from six different RWA farms which were sampled at the slaughterhouse as an endpoint to substantiate the cohort as well as for evaluation of intra-farm variability. The results showed a clear effect of age in both the microbiome and resistome composition from early life up until slaughter. As a function of antibiotic treatment, however, we observed a small but significant divergence between treated and untreated animals in their microbiome composition immediately following treatment, which disappeared before 8 weeks of age. The effect on the resistome was evident and an effect of treatment could still be detected at week 8. In animals sampled at the slaughterhouse, we observed no difference in the microbiome or the resistome as a result of treatment status but did see a strong effect of farm origin. Network analysis of co-occurrence of microbiome and resistome data suggested that some resistance genes may be transferred through mobile genetic elements, so we used Hi-C metagenomics on a subset of samples to investigate this. We conclude that antibiotic treatment has a differential effect on the microbiome vs. the resistome and that although resistance gene load is increased by antibiotic treatment load, this effect disappears before slaughter. More studies are needed to elucidate the optimal way to rear pigs without antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Wegener Tams
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Elvekjær Hansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Spiegelhauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Sophia Rasmussen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lajos Kalmar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl Pedersen
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Jelsbak
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Folkesson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Wu X, Liu J, Feng J, Shabbir MAB, Feng Y, Guo R, Zhou M, Hou S, Wang G, Hao H, Cheng G, Wang Y. Epidemiology, Environmental Risks, Virulence, and Resistance Determinants of Klebsiella pneumoniae From Dairy Cows in Hubei, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858799. [PMID: 35602033 PMCID: PMC9117759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious infections in humans and animals. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and virulence profile of K. pneumoniae, a total of 887 samples were collected from both the healthy and mastitis cows and the bedding, feed, feces, air, drinking water, spraying water, washing water, and milk cup swabs from five dairy farms in Hubei, China, during 2019 and 2020. K. pneumoniae was isolated and identified using PCR of the khe and 16S rDNA sequencing. A genotypic characterization was performed for K. pneumoniae isolates using wzi typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial resistances were confirmed using broth microdilution against 17 antimicrobial agents and resistance and virulence genes were determined by PCR. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 26.94% (239/887) distributed in 101 wzi allele types (199/239, 83.26%) and 100 sequence types (STs) (209/239, 87.45%), including 5 new wzi allele type and 25 new STs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that K. pneumoniae isolated from milk, nipple swab, feed, and feces is classified in the same clone complex. By comparing with the PubMLST database, at least 67 STs have the risk of spreading in different species and regions. Interestingly, 60 STs have been isolated from humans. The isolates were highly sensitive to meropenem and colistin, but resistant to ampicillin (100%), sulfisoxazole (94.56%), cephalothin (47.28%), streptomycin (30.13%), and so on. Noteworthy, multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate was found to be 43.93% in this study. By PCR, 30 of 68 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified; the prevalence rate of blaTEM, blaSHV, strA, strB, aadA1, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was more than 50%. Eleven CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae were found. The detection rate of fimH, mrkD, uge, wabG, entB, iutA, iroN, and ureA was over 85%. This study reinforces the epidemiological importance of K. pneumoniae in food-producing animals in Hubei. The emergence and spread of environmental MDR K. pneumoniae may pose a potential threat to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Wu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Feng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yali Feng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sulin Hou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Hubei Livestock and Poultry Breeding Centre, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Odland CA, Edler R, Noyes NR, Dee SA, Nerem J, Davies PR. Evaluation of the Impact of Antimicrobial Use Protocols in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Infected Swine on Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0097021. [PMID: 34644164 PMCID: PMC8752131 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00970-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the impact of different antimicrobial exposures of nursery-phase pigs on patterns of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecal indicator organisms throughout the growing phase. Based on practical approaches used to treat moderate to severe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-associated secondary bacterial infections, two antimicrobial protocols of differing intensities of exposure [44.1 and 181.5 animal-treatment days per 1000 animal days at risk (ATD)] were compared with a control group with minimal antimicrobial exposure (2.1 ATD). Litter-matched pigs (n = 108) with no prior antimicrobial exposure were assigned randomly to the treatment groups. Pen fecal samples were collected nine times during the wean-to-finish period and cultured for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing was conducted using NARMS Gram-negative and Gram-positive antibiotic panels. Despite up to 65-fold difference in ATD, few and modest differences were observed between groups and over time. Resistance patterns at marketing overall remained similar to those observed at weaning, prior to any antimicrobial exposures. Those differences observed could not readily be reconciled with the patterns of antimicrobial exposure. Resistance of E. coli to streptomycin was higher in the group exposed to 44.1 ATD, but no aminoglycosides were used. In all instances where resistances differed between time points, the higher resistance occurred early in the trial prior to any antimicrobial exposures. These minimal impacts on AMR despite substantially different antimicrobial exposures point to the lack of understanding of the drivers of AMR at the population level and the likely importance of factors other than antimicrobial exposure. IMPORTANCE Despite a recognized need for more longitudinal studies to assess the effects of antimicrobial use on resistance in food animals, they remain sparse in the literature, and most longitudinal studies of pigs have been observational. The current experimental study had the advantages of greater control of potential confounding, precise measurement of antimicrobial exposures which differed markedly between groups and tracking of pigs until market age. Overall, resistance patterns were remarkably stable between the treatment groups over time, and the differences observed could not be readily reconciled with the antimicrobial exposures, indicating the likely importance of other determinants of AMR at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Edler
- Pipestone Applied Research, Pipestone, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Scott A. Dee
- Pipestone Applied Research, Pipestone, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joel Nerem
- Pipestone Applied Research, Pipestone, Minnesota, USA
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8
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Controlled Synthesis of CuS and Cu9S5 and Their Application in the Photocatalytic Mineralization of Tetracycline. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure-phase Cu2−xS (x = 1, 0.2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by the thermal decomposition of copper(II) dithiocarbamate as a single-source precursor in oleylamine as a capping agent. The compositions of the Cu2−xS nanocrystals varied from CuS (covellite) through the mixture of phases (CuS and Cu7.2S4) to Cu9S5 (digenite) by simply varying the temperature of synthesis. The crystallinity and morphology of the copper sulfides were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed pure phases at low (120 °C) and high (220 °C) temperatures and a mixture of phases at intermediate temperatures (150 and 180 °C). Covellite was of a spherical morphology, while digenite was rod shaped. The optical properties of these nanocrystals were characterized by UV−vis–NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Both samples had very similar absorption spectra but distinguishable fluorescence properties and exhibited a blue shift in their band gap energies compared to bulk Cu2−xS. The pure phases were used as catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of the digenite phase exhibited higher catalytic degradation of 98.5% compared to the covellite phase, which showed 88% degradation within the 120 min reaction time using 80 mg of the catalysts. The higher degradation efficiency achieved with the digenite phase was attributed to its higher absorption of the visible light compared to covellite.
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9
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Sobrino OJ, Alba C, Arroyo R, Pérez I, Sariego L, Delgado S, Fernández L, de María J, Fumanal P, Fumanal A, Rodríguez JM. Replacement of Metaphylactic Antimicrobial Therapy by Oral Administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP100 in a Pig Farm. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666887. [PMID: 34136556 PMCID: PMC8200559 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in swine production contributes to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria, which poses a threat on human health. Therefore, alternative approaches must be developed. The objective of this work was the characterization of the probiotic properties of a Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain isolated from sow's milk and its application as an inoculated fermented feed to pregnant sows and piglets. The study was carried in a farm in which metaphylactic use of antimicrobials (including zinc oxide) was eliminated at the time of starting the probiotic intervention, which lasted for 2 years. Feces from 8-week-old piglets were collected before and after the treatment and microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed. The procedure led to an increase in the concentrations of clostridia and lactobacilli-related bacteria. Parallel, an increase in the concentration of butyrate, propionate and acetate was observed and a notable reduction in the presence of antibiotic resistant lactobacilli became apparent. In conclusion, replacement of antimicrobials by a microbiota-friendly approach was feasible and led to positive microbiological and biochemical changes in the enteric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odón J. Sobrino
- Scientific Society of Veterinary Public and Community Health (SOCIVESC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Sariego
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Stensvold CR, Jirků-Pomajbíková K, Tams KW, Jokelainen P, Berg RPKD, Marving E, Petersen RF, Andersen LO, Angen Ø, Nielsen HV. Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061189. [PMID: 34073014 PMCID: PMC8229027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several parasite species are shared between humans and pigs. We explored the application of next-generation sequencing-based metabarcoding supplemented with real-time PCR to fecal DNAs from 259 samples from 116 pigs in Denmark to detect and differentiate single-celled intestinal parasites of zoonotic relevance. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli, and Giardia duodenalis were observed in 34/37 (92%), 148/259 (57%), and 86/259 (33%) samples, respectively. Entamoeba polecki ST1, E. polecki ST3, and Entamoeba hartmanni were detected in 104/259 (40%), 161/259 (62%), and 8/259 (3%) samples, respectively. Metabarcoding and real-time PCR detected Cryptosporidium in 90/259 (35%) and 239/259 (92%) of the samples, respectively, with Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum observed in nearly equal proportions. Blastocystis subtypes 1, 3, 5, and 15 were found in 72 (28%), 6 (2%), 176 (68%), and 36 (14%) of 259 samples, respectively. Iodamoeba was identified in 1/259 samples (<1%), while none of 37 tested samples was positive for Dientamoeba fragilis. Our results illustrate how metabarcoding exemplifies a 'one-fits-many' approach to detecting intestinal single-celled parasites in feces supplemented with real-time PCR for selected parasites. Using metabarcoding with pathogen-specific assays may help detect emerging and previously underdetected pathogens and further elucidate the role of micro-eukaryotic parasites in human and animal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Katrine Wegener Tams
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bygning 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Rebecca P. K. D. Berg
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Ellinor Marving
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Randi Føns Petersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Lee O’Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
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11
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Herrero-Fresno A, Olsen JE. Effect of ampicillin, cephalexin, ceftiofur and tetracycline treatment on selection of resistant coliforms in a swine faecal microcosmos. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1238-1247. [PMID: 32430970 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse and compare the effect of selection power for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in coliforms of two kinds of β-lactams-aminopenicillins; ampicillin (Amp) and cephalosporins; cephalexin (Cpn) and ceftiofur (Cef)-and tetracycline (Tet) using an approach based on a swine faecal microcosmos. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen faecal samples from 32 pigs (mixed two by two) were treated with Amp, Cpn, Cef and Tet for 6 h (T6h) at concentrations expected to reach the animals gut when using in vivo standard doses. Controls (no drug added) were also tested. Next, samples were 1 : 100 diluted and left under the same conditions (no antimicrobial added) for further 20 h (T20h). The proportion of resistant coliform bacteria (R coliforms) to each antimicrobial was analysed just before starting the treatment (T0), at T6h and at T20h. Coselection was also studied by replica plating. Treatment for 6 h yielded significant increase in proportion of R coliforms, regardless of the drug and lack of selection pressure showed different effects at T20h depending on the antimicrobial used. Selective pressure was associated with the type of the β-lactam with Amp selecting for significantly higher numbers of R coliforms than cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS AMR development was observed following short treatment, and for Amp and Tet treatment, resistance persisted 20 h beyond the interruption of treatment. An association between kind of β-lactam and power of selection was found. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY AMR represents a threat to human health globally and antimicrobial treatment of livestock has a direct impact on this problem. Through our approach based on a swine faecal microcosmos, we demonstrated the effect on AMR development of several drugs commonly used in livestock. Cephalosporins, representing last-line antimicrobials in human medicine, exerted lower selective pressure than Amp under the conditions used and yielded higher proportion of multidrug-R strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J E Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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