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Li Y, Li H, Wang S, Li J, Bacha SAS, Xu G, Li J. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in blueberry ( Vaccinium spp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1082245. [PMID: 37152168 PMCID: PMC10157174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1082245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As a highly economic small fruit crop, blueberry is enjoyed by most people in terms of color, taste, and rich nutrition. To better understand its coloring mechanism on the process of ripening, an integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles was performed in three blueberry varieties at three developmental stages. In this study, 41 flavonoid metabolites closely related to the coloring in blueberry samples were analyzed. It turned out that the most differential metabolites in the ripening processes were delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside (dpara), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (pnglu), and delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (dpgal), while the most differential metabolites among different varieties were flavonols. Furthermore, to obtain more accurate and comprehensive transcripts of blueberry during the developmental stages, PacBio and Illumina sequencing technology were combined to obtain the transcriptome of the blueberry variety Misty, for the very first time. Finally, by applying the gene coexpression network analysis, the darkviolet and bisque4 modules related to flavonoid synthesis were determined, and the key genes related to two flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) genes in the darkviolet module and one bHLH transcription factor in the bisque4 module were predicted. It is believed that our findings could provide valuable information for the future study on the molecular mechanism of flavonoid metabolites and flavonoid synthesis pathways in blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Haifei Li
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Japan
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Syed Asim Shah Bacha
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Guofeng Xu, ; Jing Li,
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Guofeng Xu, ; Jing Li,
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Bisht N, Gupta A, Awasthi P, Goel A, Chandran D, Sharma N, Singh N. Development of a rapid LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of various flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phytohormones extracted from Medicago truncatula leaves. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Bisht
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Arunima Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Divya Chandran
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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3
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Peng L, Zhao M, Li H. Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Six Flavonoids in Rat Eyes after Oral Administration of Diospyros kaki Leaves Extract by UPLC-MS/MS. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:218-221. [PMID: 33268666 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique was proven effective for simultaneous characterization of six flavonoids including quercetin-3-O-beta-galactoside (Q3GAL), quercetin-3-O-beta-glucoside (Q3GLU), quercetin-3-(2-galloylglucoside) (Q3GG), kaempferol-3-O-beta-galactoside (K3GAL), kaempferol-3-O-beta-glucoside (K3GLU), and kaempferol-3-(2-galloylglucoside) (K3GG) in rat eyes. By investigation of corresponding validation parameters (linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability), the method was verified to be within current acceptable criteria. Thereafter, the validated method enabled quantification of the six compounds successful in rat eyes after oral administration of ethanol extract Diospyros kaki (EEDK) at 0, 3, 15, 35, 60, 120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Nature Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University
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Bhatia C, Gaddam SR, Pandey A, Trivedi PK. COP1 mediates light-dependent regulation of flavonol biosynthesis through HY5 in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110760. [PMID: 33487344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols, a class of flavonoids, accumulate as protective agents in response to various stresses. Among various environmental stimuli, light is one of the factors regulating flavonol production. MYB12/11/111, members of the R2R3 MYBs family, regulates spatio-temporal flavonol accumulation in Arabidopsis. Although various studies indicate at the involvement of an E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in flavonoid biosynthesis in response to UV-B, the regulatory roles of these components under visible light are yet to be investigated. Here, we demonstrate that flavonol accumulation in Arabidopsis is light-regulated. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that MYB12 is a HY5-dependent light-inducible gene and plays a key role in the activation of the flavonol biosynthesis in response to light. Our results indicate the involvement of COP1 in the dark-dependent repression of MYB12 expression and flavonol accumulation. In addition, results also suggest that the effect of COP1 on MYB12 is indirect and is mediated through HY5, a direct transcriptional activator of the MYB12. Together these findings indicate that COP1 acts as a master negative regulator of flavonol biosynthesis in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Bhatia
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Subhash Reddy Gaddam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Paffendorf BAM, Qassrawi R, Meys AM, Trimborn L, Schrader A. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 participates in flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8303. [PMID: 31998554 PMCID: PMC6977477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic regulatory factors mediate concerted responses of the plant’s trait network to endogenous and exogenous cues. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) is such a factor that has been predominantly described as a regulator of early developmental traits. Although its closest homologs LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 affect photoperiodic flowering, a role of TTG1 in flowering time regulation has not been reported. Here we reveal that TTG1 is a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and changes transcript levels of different targets within the flowering time regulatory pathway. TTG1 mutants flower early and TTG1 overexpression lines flower late at long-day conditions. Consistently, TTG1 can suppress the transcript levels of the floral integrators FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 and can act as an activator of circadian clock components. Moreover, TTG1 might form feedback loops at the protein level. The TTG1 protein interacts with PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR)s and basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 92 (bHLH92) in yeast. In planta, the respective pairs exhibit interesting patterns of localization including a recruitment of TTG1 by PRR5 to subnuclear foci. This mechanism proposes additional layers of regulation by TTG1 and might aid to specify the function of bHLH92. Within another branch of the pathway, TTG1 can elevate FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript levels. FLC mediates signals from the vernalization, ambient temperature and autonomous pathway and the circadian clock is pivotal for the plant to synchronize with diurnal cycles of environmental stimuli like light and temperature. Our results suggest an unexpected positioning of TTG1 upstream of FLC and upstream of the circadian clock. In this light, this points to an adaptive value of the role of TTG1 in respect to flowering time regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawan Qassrawi
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea M Meys
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Trimborn
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Aachen, Germany
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A spatially-resolved approach to visualize the distribution and biosynthesis of flavones in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113014. [PMID: 31812804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Imaging the spatial distributions and dynamics of flavones in heterogeneous plant tissues is significant for our understanding of plant metabolism. Here, we proposed a spatially-resolved approach to map the locations and biosynthesis of flavones in S. baicalensis. A total of 11 flavones, 5 flavone glycosides, 6 carbohydrates, and a variety of flavone synthesis-related metabolites were imaged. Most of these flavone-related metabolites presented stronger ion intensities in root phloem. The biosynthetic network of flavones and their glycosides in S. baicalensis were visualized for the first time. Moreover, we characterized the region-specific activities of four crucial enzymes in flavone synthesis pathway, including l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase, and flavone synthase. In line with the spatial characteristic of flavones, all these four enzymes exhibit higher activity in the root phloem of S. baicalensis. The combination of spatially-resolved metabolites and enzymes information greatly broadens our understanding of flavone biosynthetic network.
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Kleinenkuhnen N, Büchel F, Gerlich SC, Kopriva S, Metzger S. A Novel Method for Identification and Quantification of Sulfated Flavonoids in Plants by Neutral Loss Scan Mass Spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:885. [PMID: 31333712 PMCID: PMC6625178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is present in plants in a large range of essential primary metabolites, as well as in numerous natural products. Many of these secondary metabolites contain sulfur in the oxidized form of organic sulfate. However, except of glucosinolates, very little is known about other classes of such sulfated metabolites, mainly because of lack of specific and quantitative analytical methods. We developed an LC-MS method to analyze sulfated flavonoids, a group of sulfated secondary metabolites prominent, e.g., in plants of the genus Flaveria. The method uses a linear gradient of methanol/formic acid in water on a Restek Raptor C18 Core-Shell column for separation of the compounds. The sulfated flavonoids are detected by mass spectrometry (MS) in a negative mode, using a neutral loss of 80 Da after a collision induced dissociation. With this method we were also able to quantify the sulfated flavonoids. We could detect all (mono)sulfated flavonoids described before in Flaveria plus a number of new ones, such as isorhamnetin-sulfate-glycoside. In addition, we showed that sulfated flavonoids represent a substantial sulfur pool in Flaveria, larger than the thiols glutathione and cysteine. The individual species possess different sulfated flavonoids, but there is no correlation between the qualitative pattern and type of photosynthesis. Similar to other sulfur-containing secondary compounds, the concentration of sulfated flavonoids in leaves is reduced by sulfur starvation. The new LC-MS method will enable qualitative and quantitative detection of these secondary metabolites in plants as a pre-requisite to addressing their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Kleinenkuhnen
- MS-Platform, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Botanical Institute (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Büchel
- MS-Platform, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Botanical Institute (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke C. Gerlich
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- MS-Platform, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Botanical Institute (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Zhang B, Schrader A. TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1-Dependent Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E65. [PMID: 29261137 PMCID: PMC5750641 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid composition of various tissues throughout plant development is of biological relevance and particular interest for breeding. Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (AtTTG1) is an essential regulator of late structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we provide a review of the regulation of the pathway's core enzymes through AtTTG1-containing R2R3-MYELOBLASTOSIS-basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX-WD40 repeat (MBW(AtTTG1)) complexes embedded in an evolutionary context. We present a comprehensive collection of A. thalianattg1 mutants and AtTTG1 orthologs. A plethora of MBW(AtTTG1) mechanisms in regulating the five major TTG1-dependent traits is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipei Zhang
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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