1
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Wang H, Li X, Meng B, Fan Y, Khan SU, Qian M, Zhang M, Yang H, Lu K. Exploring silique number in Brassica napus L.: Genetic and molecular advances for improving yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1897-1912. [PMID: 38386569 PMCID: PMC11182599 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Silique number is a crucial yield-related trait for the genetic enhancement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The intricate molecular process governing the regulation of silique number involves various factors. Despite advancements in understanding the mechanisms regulating silique number in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), the molecular processes involved in controlling silique number in rapeseed remain largely unexplored. In this review, we identify candidate genes and review the roles of genes and environmental factors in regulating rapeseed silique number. We use genetic regulatory networks for silique number in Arabidopsis and grain number in rice to uncover possible regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating genes associated with rapeseed silique number. A better understanding of the genetic network regulating silique number in rapeseed will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of this trait and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of high-yielding rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Boyu Meng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Mingchao Qian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Haikun Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of EducationChongqingP.R. China
- Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingP.R. China
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Rauf S, Fatima S, Ortiz R. Modification of Fatty Acid Profile and Oil Contents Using Gene Editing in Oilseed Crops for a Changing Climate. GM CROPS & FOOD 2023; 14:1-12. [PMID: 37551783 PMCID: PMC10761075 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2243041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutation breeding based on various chemical and physical mutagens induces and disrupts non-target loci. Hence, large populations were required for visual screening, but desired plants were rare and it was a further laborious task to identify desirable mutants. Generated mutant had high defect due to non-targeted mutation, with poor agronomic performance. Mutation techniques were augmented by targeted induced local lesions in genome (TILLING) facilitating the selection of desirable germplasm. On the other hand, gene editing through CRISPR/Cas9 allows knocking down genes for site-directed mutation. This handy technique has been exploited for the modification of fatty acid profile. High oleic acid genetic stocks were obtained in a broad range of crops. Moreover, genes involved in the accumulation of undesirable seed components such as starch, polysaccharide, and flavors were knocked down to enhance seed quality, which helps to improve oil contents and reduces the anti-nutritional component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rauf
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Seerat Fatima
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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3
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Mao T, Wang X, Gao H, Gong Z, Liu R, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Guo X, Yu C. Ectopic Expression of MADS-Box Transcription Factor VvAGL12 from Grape Promotes Early Flowering, Plant Growth, and Production by Regulating Cell-Wall Architecture in Arabidopsis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2078. [PMID: 38003021 PMCID: PMC10671436 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The MADS-box family, a substantial group of plant transcription factors, crucially regulates plant growth and development. Although the functions of AGL12-like subgroups have been elucidated in Arabidopsis, rice, and walnut, their roles in grapes remain unexplored. In this study, we isolated VvAGL12, a member of the grape MADS-box group, and investigated its impact on plant growth and biomass production. VvAGL12 was found to localize in the nucleus and exhibit expression in both vegetative and reproductive organs. We introduced VvAGL12 into Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 and an agl12 mutant. The resulting phenotypes in the agl12 mutant, complementary line, and overexpressed line underscored VvAGL12's ability to promote early flowering, augment plant growth, and enhance production. This was evident from the improved fresh weight, root length, plant height, and seed production, as well as the reduced flowering time. Subsequent transcriptome analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes associated with cell-wall modification and flowering in the transgenic plants. In summary, the findings highlight VvAGL12's pivotal role in the regulation of flowering timing, overall plant growth, and development. This study offers valuable insights, serving as a reference for understanding the influence of the VvAGL12 gene in other plant species and addressing yield-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongsheng Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zijian Gong
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ruichao Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 21 Zhichubei Road, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
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4
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Li F, Gong Y, Mason AS, Liu Q, Huang J, Ma M, Xiao M, Wang H, Fu D. Research progress and applications of colorful Brassica crops. PLANTA 2023; 258:45. [PMID: 37462779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We review the application and the molecular regulation of anthocyanins in colorful Brassica crops, the creation of new germplasm resources, and the development and utilization of colorful Brassica crops. Brassica crops are widely cultivated: these include oilseed crops, such as rapeseed, mustards, and root, leaf, and stem vegetable types, such as turnips, cabbages, broccoli, and cauliflowers. Colorful variants exist of these crop species, and asides from increased aesthetic appeal, these may also offer advantages in terms of nutritional content and improved stress resistances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pigmentation in Brassica as a reference for the selection and breeding of new colorful Brassica varieties for multiple end uses. We summarize the function and molecular regulation of anthocyanins in Brassica crops, the creation of new colorful germplasm resources via different breeding methods, and the development and multifunctional utilization of colorful Brassica crop types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Donghui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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5
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Mathur S, Singh P, Yadava SK, Gupta V, Pradhan AK, Pental D. Genetic mapping of some key plant architecture traits in Brassica juncea using a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between two distinct lines: vegetable type Tumida and oleiferous Varuna. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:96. [PMID: 37017803 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mapping of some key plant architectural traits in a vegetable type and an oleiferous B. juncea cross revealed QTL and candidate genes for breeding more productive ideotypes. Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36), commonly called mustard, is an allopolyploid crop of recent origin but contains considerable morphological and genetic variation. An F1-derived doubled haploid population developed from a cross between an Indian oleiferous line, Varuna, and a Chinese stem type vegetable mustard, Tumida showed significant variability for some key plant architectural traits-four stem strength-related traits, stem diameter (Dia), plant height (Plht), branch initiation height (Bih), number of primary branches (Pbr), and days to flowering (Df). Multi-environment QTL analysis identified twenty Stable QTL for the above-mentioned nine plant architectural traits. Though Tumida is ill-adapted to the Indian growing conditions, it was found to contribute favorable alleles in Stable QTL for five architectural traits-press force, Dia, Plht, Bih, and Pbr; these QTL could be used to breed superior ideotypes in the oleiferous mustard lines. A QTL cluster on LG A10 contained Stable QTL for seven architectural traits that included major QTL (phenotypic variance ≥ 10%) for Df and Pbr, with Tumida contributing the trait-enhancing alleles for both. Since early flowering is critical for the cultivation of mustard in the Indian subcontinent, this QTL cannot be used for the improvement of Pbr in the Indian gene pool lines. Conditional QTL analysis for Pbr, however, identified other QTL which could be used for the improvement of Pbr without affecting Df. The Stable QTL intervals were mapped on the genome assemblies of Tumida and Varuna for the identification of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Mathur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Priyansha Singh
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Satish Kumar Yadava
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akshay Kumar Pradhan
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Deepak Pental
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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6
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Reduced glucosinolate content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by random mutagenesis of BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2344. [PMID: 36759657 PMCID: PMC9911628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of anti-nutritive compounds like glucosinolates (GSLs) in the rapeseed meal severely restricts its utilization as animal feed. Therefore, reducing the GSL content to < 18 µmol/g dry weight in the seeds is a major breeding target. While candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of GSLs have been described in rapeseed, comprehensive functional analyses are missing. By knocking out the aliphatic GSL biosynthesis genes BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor and a cytochrome P450 enzyme, respectively, we aimed to reduce the seed GSL content in rapeseed. After expression analyses on single paralogs, we used an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treated population of the inbred winter rapeseed 'Express617' to detect functional mutations in the two gene families. Our results provide the first functional analysis by knock-out for the two GSL biosynthesis genes in winter rapeseed. We demonstrate that independent knock-out mutants of the two genes possessed significantly reduced seed aliphatic GSLs, primarily progoitrin. Compared to the wildtype Express617 control plants (36.3 µmol/g DW), progoitrin levels were decreased by 55.3% and 32.4% in functional mutants of BnMYB28 (16.20 µmol/g DW) and BnCYP79F1 (24.5 µmol/g DW), respectively. Our study provides a strong basis for breeding rapeseed with improved meal quality in the future.
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7
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An integrated transcriptome mapping the regulatory network of coding and long non-coding RNAs provides a genomics resource in chickpea. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1106. [PMID: 36261617 PMCID: PMC9581958 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale transcriptome analysis can provide a systems-level understanding of biological processes. To accelerate functional genomic studies in chickpea, we perform a comprehensive transcriptome analysis to generate full-length transcriptome and expression atlas of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from 32 different tissues/organs via deep sequencing. The high-depth RNA-seq dataset reveal expression dynamics and tissue-specificity along with associated biological functions of PCGs and lncRNAs during development. The coexpression network analysis reveal modules associated with a particular tissue or a set of related tissues. The components of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs), including transcription factors, their cognate cis-regulatory motifs, and target PCGs/lncRNAs that determine developmental programs of different tissues/organs, are identified. Several candidate tissue-specific and abiotic stress-responsive transcripts associated with quantitative trait loci that determine important agronomic traits are also identified. These results provide an important resource to advance functional/translational genomic and genetic studies during chickpea development and environmental conditions. A full-length transcriptome and expression atlas of protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs is generated in chickpea. Components of transcriptional regulatory networks and candidate tissue-specific transcripts associated with quantitative trait loci are identified.
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8
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Zandberg JD, Fernandez CT, Danilevicz MF, Thomas WJW, Edwards D, Batley J. The Global Assessment of Oilseed Brassica Crop Species Yield, Yield Stability and the Underlying Genetics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2740. [PMID: 36297764 PMCID: PMC9610009 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for oilseeds is increasing along with the human population. The family of Brassicaceae crops are no exception, typically harvested as a valuable source of oil, rich in beneficial molecules important for human health. The global capacity for improving Brassica yield has steadily risen over the last 50 years, with the major crop Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) production increasing to ~72 Gt in 2020. In contrast, the production of Brassica mustard crops has fluctuated, rarely improving in farming efficiency. The drastic increase in global yield of B. napus is largely due to the demand for a stable source of cooking oil. Furthermore, with the adoption of highly efficient farming techniques, yield enhancement programs, breeding programs, the integration of high-throughput phenotyping technology and establishing the underlying genetics, B. napus yields have increased by >450 fold since 1978. Yield stability has been improved with new management strategies targeting diseases and pests, as well as by understanding the complex interaction of environment, phenotype and genotype. This review assesses the global yield and yield stability of agriculturally important oilseed Brassica species and discusses how contemporary farming and genetic techniques have driven improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco D. Zandberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Monica F. Danilevicz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - William J. W. Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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9
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Xiong H, Wang R, Jia X, Sun H, Duan R. Transcriptomic analysis of rapeseed ( Brassica napus. L.) seed development in Xiangride, Qinghai Plateau, reveals how its special eco-environment results in high yield in high-altitude areas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927418. [PMID: 35982704 PMCID: PMC9379305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important oil crops, rapeseed (Brassica napus) is cultivated worldwide to produce vegetable oil, animal feed, and biodiesel. As the population grows and the need for renewable energy increases, the breeding and cultivation of high-yield rapeseed varieties have become top priorities. The formation of a high rapeseed yield is so complex because it is influenced not only by genetic mechanisms but also by many environmental conditions, such as climatic conditions and different farming practices. Interestingly, many high-yield areas are located in special eco-environments, for example, in the high-altitude Xiangride area of the Qinghai Plateau. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of high yields in such a special eco-environment area remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted field yield analysis and transcriptome analysis in the Xiangride area. Compared with the yield and environmental factors in the Xinning area (a low-yielding area), we found that the relatively longer daylight length is the key to high rapeseed yield in the Xiangride area, which leads up to a 52.1% increase in rapeseed yield, especially the increase in thousand seed weight and silique number (SN). Combined with transcriptome H-cluster analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analyses, we can assume that the grain development of rapeseed in the Xiangride area is ahead of schedule and lasts for a long time, leading to the high-yield results in the Xiangride area, confirmed by the expression analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of yield-related genes. Our results provide valuable information for further exploring the molecular mechanism underlying high yield in special ecological environments and provide a helpful reference for studying seed development characteristics in special-producing regions for Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Xiong
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province, Rapeseed Research and Development Center of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xianqing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hezhe Sun
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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10
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Karunarathna NL, Patiranage DSR, Harloff HJ, Sashidhar N, Jung C. Genomic background selection to reduce the mutation load after random mutagenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19404. [PMID: 34593904 PMCID: PMC8484577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Random mutagenesis is a standard procedure to increase allelic variation in a crop species, especially in countries where the use of genetically modified crops is limited due to legal constraints. The chemical mutagen EMS is used in many species to induce random mutations throughout the genome with high mutation density. The major drawback for functional analysis is a high background mutation load in a single plant that must be eliminated by subsequent backcrossing, a time and resource-intensive activity. Here, we demonstrate that genomic background selection combined with marker-assisted selection is an efficient way to select individuals with reduced background mutations within a short period. We identified BC1 plants with a significantly higher share of the recurrent parent genome, thus saving one backcross generation. Furthermore, spring rapeseed as the recurrent parent in a backcrossing program could accelerate breeding by reducing the generation cycle. Our study depicts the potential for reducing the background mutation load while accelerating the generation cycle in EMS-induced winter oilseed rape populations by integrating genomic background selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha L Karunarathna
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
- KWS LOCHOW GMBH, Zuchtstation Wetze, Wetze 3, 37154, Northeim, Germany
| | - Dilan S R Patiranage
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Harloff
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niharika Sashidhar
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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11
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Dinh AQ, Naeem A, Sagervanshi A, Mühling KH. One-Time Foliar Application and Continuous Resupply via Roots Equally Improved the Growth and Physiological Response of B-Deficient Oilseed Rape. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050866. [PMID: 33925851 PMCID: PMC8146809 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high-boron (B)-demanding crop, and initially, normal growing plants might show B deficiency at advanced growth stages on soils with marginal B availability. Hence, we compared the effects of B resupply via roots and leaves on growth and physiological response, and relative expression of B transporters in B-deficient oilseed rape plants. Four-week-old plants initially grown with inadequate B (1 µM B for the first two weeks and 0.25 µM B for the next two weeks) were later grown either as such with 0.25 µM B, with 25 µM B in nutrient solution or foliar sprayed with 7 mL of 30, 60 and 150 mM B solution plant-1 as boric acid. Plants grown with 25 µM B in the nutrient solution from the beginning were included as adequate B treatment. Results showed that B resupply to B-deficient plants via roots and leaves (60 mM B) equally improved root and shoot dry matter, but not to the level of plants grown with adequate B supply. Foliar-applied 150 mM B proved toxic, causing leaf burn but not affecting dry matter. Resupply of B via roots increased B concentration in roots and leaves, while leaf-applied B did so only in leaves. Net carbon assimilation had a positive relationship with dry matter accumulation. Except for the highest foliar B level, B resupply via roots and leaves increased the accumulation of glucose, fructose and sucrose in leaves. Boron-deficient plants showed significant upregulation of BnaNIP5;1 in leaves and roots and of BnaBOR1;2 in roots. Boron resupply via roots reversed the B-deficiency-induced upregulation of BnaNIP5;1 in roots, whereas the expression of BnaBOR1;2 was reversed by both root and foliar B resupply. In leaves, B resupply by both methods reversed the expression of BnaNIP5;1 to the level of B-adequate plants. It is concluded that B resupply to B-deficient plants via roots and leaves equally but partially corrected B deficiency in B. napus grown in hydroponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quang Dinh
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (A.Q.D.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Dalat University, Da Lat City 670000, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam
| | - Asif Naeem
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (A.Q.D.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Sagervanshi
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (A.Q.D.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Karl H. Mühling
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (A.Q.D.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Guo W, Chen L, Herrera-Estrella L, Cao D, Tran LSP. Altering Plant Architecture to Improve Performance and Resistance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1154-1170. [PMID: 32595089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-stress resistance and yield are major goals in crop cultivation, which can be addressed by modifying plant architecture. Significant progress has been made in recent years to understand how plant architecture is controlled under various growth conditions, recognizing the central role phytohormones play in response to environmental stresses. miRNAs, transcription factors, and other associated proteins regulate plant architecture, mainly via the modulation of hormone homeostasis and signaling. To generate crop plants of ideal architecture, we propose simultaneous editing of multiple genes involved in the regulatory networks associated with plant architecture as a feasible strategy. This strategy can help to address the need to increase grain yield and/or stress resistance under the pressures of the ever-increasing world population and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- The Unidad de Genomica Avanzada (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, TX, USA
| | - Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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13
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Karunarathna NL, Wang H, Harloff H, Jiang L, Jung C. Elevating seed oil content in a polyploid crop by induced mutations in SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2251-2266. [PMID: 32216029 PMCID: PMC7589255 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based oils are valuable agricultural products, and seed oil content (SOC) is the major yield component in oil crops. Increasing SOC has been successfully targeted through the selection and genetic modification of oil biosynthesis. The SOC in rapeseed declined during the seed maturation and eventually caused the final accumulated seed oil quantity. However, genes involved in oil degradation during seed maturity are not deeply studied so far. We performed a candidate gene association study using a worldwide collection of rapeseed germplasm. We identified SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER (SFAR) genes, which had a significant effect on SOC and fatty acid (FA) composition. SFAR genes belong to the GDSL lipases, and GDSL lipases have a broad range of functions in plants. After quantification of gene expression using RNA-seq and quantitative PCR, we used targeted (CRISPR-Cas mediated) and random (chemical) mutagenesis to modify turnover rates of seed oil in winter rapeseed. For the first time, we demonstrate significant increase of SOC in a crop after knocking out members of the BnSFAR4 and BnSFAR5 gene families without pleiotropic effects on seed germination, vigour and oil mobilization. Our results offer new perspectives for improving oil yield by targeted mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoyi Wang
- Institute of Crop ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | | | - Lixi Jiang
- Plant Breeding InstituteChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding InstituteChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
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14
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Cheng Q, Jia W, Hu C, Shi G, Yang D, Cai M, Zhan T, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Sun X, Zhao X. Enhancement and improvement of selenium in soil to the resistance of rape stem against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the inhibition of dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw on mycelium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114827. [PMID: 32454382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), one of the most destructive diseases in many crops including Brassica napus L. The extensive use of fungicides to control S. sclerotiorum caused severe damage to the environment in the long term. Increasing study reported that selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for plant by promoting growth and enhancing disease resistance. In this study, it was found that Se in soil shortened lesion length by 19.14% on rape stem infected with S. sclerotiorum. While resistance mechanism of rape stem against S. sclerotiorum remains unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of rape stem was performed and the results indicated that genes related to antifungal pathways were up-regulated. Moreover, metabonomic analysis was carried out to study the inhibitive effect of the dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw with Se pretreatment in soil (RSDOMSe) on S. sclerotiorum mycelium, results showed that RSDOMSe caused severe damage to energy metabolism of mycelium. Further study indicated that RSDOMSe decreased the pathogenicity of mycelium on rape leaves significantly, and enhanced content of chlorophyII, carotenoids, OD phenol and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in rape leaves, which suggested that RSDOMSe plays a positive role in regulating oxidative stress responses of plant when infected with S. sclerotiorum. In addition, when compared with dimcthachlon (DIM) treatment alone, DIM combined with RSDOMSe resulted in higher inhibition on mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum (the inhibition ratio of nearly 60%). Results in this study suggested that Se enhanced the resistance of rape stem against S. sclerotiorum because of the up-regulated genes related to antifungal pathways, and RSDOMSe improved the mycelial growth inhibition and decreased the pathogenicity of mycelium on rape leaves. Overall, Se as well as Se-enrich byproducts, possessed great potential to be developed as ecological fungicides for controlling S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Zhan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanni Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Cucinotta M, Di Marzo M, Guazzotti A, de Folter S, Kater MM, Colombo L. Gynoecium size and ovule number are interconnected traits that impact seed yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2479-2489. [PMID: 32067041 PMCID: PMC7210752 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms form the largest group of land plants and display an astonishing diversity of floral structures. The development of flowers greatly contributed to the evolutionary success of the angiosperms as they guarantee efficient reproduction with the help of either biotic or abiotic vectors. The female reproductive part of the flower is the gynoecium (also called pistil). Ovules arise from meristematic tissue within the gynoecium. Upon fertilization, these ovules develop into seeds while the gynoecium turns into a fruit. Gene regulatory networks involving transcription factors and hormonal communication regulate ovule primordium initiation, spacing on the placenta, and development. Ovule number and gynoecium size are usually correlated and several genetic factors that impact these traits have been identified. Understanding and fine-tuning the gene regulatory networks influencing ovule number and pistil length open up strategies for crop yield improvement, which is pivotal in light of a rapidly growing world population. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the genes and hormones involved in determining ovule number and gynoecium size. We propose a model for the gene regulatory network that guides the developmental processes that determine seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Guazzotti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-Leon, CP 36824 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Martin M Kater
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy
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16
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Sashidhar N, Harloff HJ, Jung C. Knockout of MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PROTEIN 5 Genes Lead to Low Phytic Acid Contents in Oilseed Rape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:603. [PMID: 32528494 PMCID: PMC7264376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding phosphate uptake and storage is interesting to optimize the plant performance to phosphorus fluctuations. Phytic acid (PA) is the major source of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in plants. Genetic analyses of PA pathway transporter genes (BnMRP5) and their functional characterization might provide clues in better utilizing the available phosphate resources. Furthermore, the failure to assimilate PA by monogastric animals results in its excess accumulation in manure, which ultimately causes groundwater eutrophication. As a first step toward breeding low PA mutants in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), we identified knockout mutants in PA biosynthesis and transporter genes. The obtained M3 single mutants of Bn.MRP5.A10 and Bn.MRP5.C09 were combined by crossing to produce double mutants. Simultaneously, crosses were performed with the non-mutagenized EMS donor genotype to reduce the background mutation load. Double mutants identified from the F2 progeny of direct M3 crosses and BC1 plants showed 15% reduction in PA contents with no significant differences in Pi. We are discussing the function of BnMRP5 paralogs and the benefits for breeding Bnmrp5 mutants in respect to low PA, yield, and stress tolerances.
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17
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Del Olmo I, Poza-Viejo L, Piñeiro M, Jarillo JA, Crevillén P. High ambient temperature leads to reduced FT expression and delayed flowering in Brassica rapa via a mechanism associated with H2A.Z dynamics. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:343-356. [PMID: 31257648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is a relevant agronomic trait because is crucial for the optimal formation of seeds and fruits. The genetic pathways controlling this developmental phase transition have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis thaliana. These pathways converge in a small number of genes including FT, the so-called florigen, which integrates environmental cues like ambient temperature. Nevertheless, detailed and functional studies about flowering time in Brassica crops are scarce. Here we study the role of the FT Brassica rapa homologues and the effect of high ambient temperature on flowering time in this crop. Phenotypic characterization and gene-expression analyses suggest that BraA.FT.a (BraA02g016700.3C) is decisive for initiating floral transition; consequently, braA.ft.a loss-of-function and hypomorphic mutations result in late flowering phenotypes. We also show that high ambient temperature delays B. rapa floral transition by reducing BraA.FT.a expression. Strikingly, these expression changes are associated with increased histone H2A.Z levels and less accessible chromatin configuration of the BraA.FT.a locus at high ambient temperature. Interestingly, increased H2A.Z levels at high ambient temperature were also observed for other B. rapa temperature-responsive genes. Previous reports delimited that Arabidopsis flowers earlier at high ambient temperature due to reduced H2A.Z incorporation in the FT locus. Our data reveal a conserved chromatin-mediated mechanism in B. rapa and Arabidopsis in which the incorporation of H2A.Z at FT chromatin in response to warm ambient temperature results in different flowering time responses. This work will help to develop improved Brassica crop varieties with flowering time requirements to cope with global warming. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES: This article has earned an Open Materials Badge for making publicly available the components of the research methodology needed to reproduce the reported procedure and analysis. Methods are available at protocols.iodx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.zmff43n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Del Olmo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Laura Poza-Viejo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Manuel Piñeiro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - José A Jarillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Pedro Crevillén
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
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18
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Li C, Lin H, Chen A, Lau M, Jernstedt J, Dubcovsky J. Wheat VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet development and spike determinacy. Development 2019; 146:dev.175398. [PMID: 31337701 PMCID: PMC6679363 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In this study, we show that wheat MADS-box genes VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet and spike development, and also affect flowering time and plant height. In the vrn1ful2ful3-null triple mutant, the inflorescence meristem formed a normal double-ridge structure, but then the lateral meristems generated vegetative tillers subtended by leaves instead of spikelets. These results suggest an essential role of these three genes in the fate of the upper spikelet ridge and the suppression of the lower leaf ridge. Inflorescence meristems of vrn1ful2ful3-null and vrn1ful2-null remained indeterminate and single vrn1-null and ful2-null mutants showed delayed formation of the terminal spikelet and increased number of spikelets per spike. Moreover, the ful2-null mutant showed more florets per spikelet, which together with a higher number of spikelets, resulted in a significant increase in the number of grains per spike in the field. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat spikelet and spike development can inform future strategies to improve grain yield in wheat. Summary: The wheat MADS-box proteins VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 are essential for the initial development of the lateral and terminal spikelets, and control the number of spikelets per spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Huiqiong Lin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Andrew Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Meiyee Lau
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Judy Jernstedt
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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Liu Z, Fei Y, Zhang K, Fang Z. Ectopic Expression of a Fagopyrum esculentum APETALA1 Ortholog only Rescues Sepal Development in Arabidopsis ap1 Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082021. [PMID: 31022949 PMCID: PMC6515404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae: Caryophyllales) exhibits an undifferentiated perianth comprising five showy tepals, which does not completely correspond to the perianth differentiated into typical sepals and petals in most core eudicots. In Arabidopsis, the APETALA1 (AP1) gene is involved in specifying sepals and petals development. Here we isolated AP1 ortholog, FaesAP1, and a 2.2kb FaesAP1 promoter (pFaesAP1) from F. esculentum. FaesAP1 expression is mainly detectable in all floral organs and maintains at a high level when tepals elongate rapidly both in pin and thrum flowers. Moreover, the GUS reporter gene driven by pFaesAP1 was activated in flowers where the sepals were intense, but the petals very weak or absent. Additionally, FaesAP1 ectopic expression in Arabidopsis ap1-10 mutant rescues sepal development fully, obviously prompting early flowering, but failing to complement petal development. In this study, evidence was provided that the showy tepals in the F. esculentum are homologs to core eudicots sepals. Furthermore, these findings show a different perianth identity program in Caryophyllales, suggesting that AP1 orthologs involved in petal development may evolve independently across different clades of core eudicots. Our results also suggest that FaesAP1 holds potential for biotechnical engineering to develop early flowering varieties of F. esculentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- Institute of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yue Fei
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Kebing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- Institute of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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