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Li P, Ren M, Chen J, Yue J, Liu S, Zhu Q, Wang Z. Transcriptomic Analysis of Green Leaf Plants and White-Green Leaf Mutants in Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:608. [PMID: 38790237 PMCID: PMC11121492 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera is a succulent plant with ornamental value. The white-green leaf mutant (wl) showed a significant difference in leaf color from the wild-type plant (WT). In this study, we integrated the transcriptomes of wl and WT plants to screen differentially expressed genes related to leaf color variation. The results of transcriptome analysis showed that 84,163 unigenes were obtained after de novo assembly and the NR database annotated the largest number of unigenes, which accounted for 57.13%, followed by NT (43.02%), GO (39.84%), Swiss-Prot (39.25%), KEGG (36.06%), and COG (24.88%). Our finding showed that 2586 genes were differentially expressed in the two samples, including 1996 down-regulated genes and 590 up-regulated genes. GO analysis predicted that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in 12 cellular components, 20 biological processes, and 13 molecular function terms and KEGG analysis showed that metabolic pathways, plant-pathogen interaction, glycerophospholipid metabolism, endocytosis, plant hormone signal transduction, and ether lipid metabolism were enriched among all identified pathways. Through functional enrichment analysis of DEGs, we found that they were involved in chloroplast division and the biosynthesis of plant pigments, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin, and transcription factor families, which might be related to the formation mechanism of leaf color. Taken together, these results present insights into the difference in gene expression characteristics in leaves between WT and wl mutants and provide a new insight for breeding colorful leaf phenotypes in succulent plants.
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Zhu L, Liao Y, Lin K, Wu W, Duan L, Wang P, Xiao X, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang J, Ye K, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Cytokinin promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis via regulating sugar accumulation and MYB113 expression in Eucalyptus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad154. [PMID: 38123502 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid-like substances that play important roles in plants' adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this research, we discovered that cytokinin (CK) alone could effectively induce the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus and many other perennial woody plant species, but not in tobacco and Arabidopsis, suggesting a diverse role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in different species. Transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies were used to further clarify the specific role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus. The results showed that 801 and 2241 genes were differentially regulated at 6 and 24 h, respectively, after CK treatment. Pathway analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were categorized into pathways related to cellular metabolism or transport of metabolites, including amino acids and sugars. The metabolomic results well supported the transcriptome data, which showed that most of the differentially regulated metabolites were related to the metabolism of sugar, amino acids and flavonoids. Moreover, CK treatment significantly induced the accumulation of sucrose in the CK-treated leaves, while sugar starvation mimicked by either defoliation or shading treatment of the basal leaves significantly reduced the sugar increase of the CK-treated leaves and thus inhibited CK-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results of in vitro experiment also suggested that CK-induced anthocyanin in Eucalyptus was sugar-dependent. Furthermore, we identified an early CK-responsive transcription factor MYB113 in Eucalyptus, the expression of which was significantly upregulated by CK treatment in Eucalyptus, but was inhibited in Arabidopsis. Importantly, the overexpression of EgrMYB113 in the Eucalyptus hairy roots was associated with significant anthocyanin accumulation and upregulation of most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a key role of CK in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, providing a molecular basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanism and diversity of hormone-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Dongmen Forest Farm, Chongzuo 532108, China
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Xu B, Zhang C, Gu Y, Cheng R, Huang D, Liu X, Sun Y. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of a yellow leaf mutant in watermelon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9647. [PMID: 37316569 PMCID: PMC10267204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are important materials for studying chloroplast and photomorphogenesis, and can function as basic germplasms for genetic breeding. In an ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis population of watermelon cultivar "703", a chlorophyll-deficient mutant with yellow leaf (Yl2) color was identified. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in Yl2 leaves were lower than those in wild-type (WT) leaves. The chloroplast ultrastructure in the leaves revealed that the chloroplasts in Yl2 were degraded. The numbers of chloroplasts and thylakoids in the Yl2 mutant were lower, resulting in lower photosynthetic parameters. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1292 differentially expressed genes, including1002 upregulated and 290 downregulated genes. The genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis (HEMA, HEMD, CHL1, CHLM, and CAO) were significantly downregulated in the Yl2 mutant, which may explain why chlorophyll pigment content was lower than that in the WT. Chlorophyll metabolism genes such as PDS, ZDS and VDE, were upregulated, which form the xanthophyll cycle and may protect the yellow‒leaves plants from photodamage. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of leading to leaf color formation and chloroplast development in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Xu
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Dayue Huang
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, 223001, China.
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Liu X, Zhai Y, Liu J, Xue J, Markovic T, Wang S, Zhang X. Comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis to postulate the scheme of regulated leaf coloration in Perilla frutescens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01342-8. [PMID: 37155022 PMCID: PMC10165580 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Perilla as herb, ornamental, oil and edible plant is widely used in East Asia. Until now, the mechanism of regulated leaf coloration is still unclear. In this study, four different kinds of leaf colors were used to measure pigment contents and do transcriptome sequence to postulate the mechanism of leaf coloration. The measurements of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid, and anthocyanin showed that higher contents of all the aforementioned four pigments were in full purple leaf 'M357', and they may be determined front and back leaf color formation with purple. Meanwhile, the content of anthocyanin was controlled back leaf coloration. The chromatic aberration analysis and correlative analysis between different pigments and L*a*b* values analysis also suggested front and back leaf color change was correlated with the above four pigments. The genes involved in leaf coloration were identified through transcriptome sequence. The expression levels of chlorophyll synthesis and degradation related genes, carotenoid synthesis related genes and anthocyanin synthesis genes showed up-/down-regulated expression in different color leaves and were consistent of accumulation of these pigments. It was suggested that they were the candidate genes regulated perilla leaf color formation, and genes including F3'H, F3H, F3',5'H, DFR, and ANS are probably important for regulating both front and back leaf purple formation. Transcription factors involved in anthocyanin accumulation, and regulating leaf coloration were also identified. Finally, the probable scheme of regulated both full green and full purple leaf coloration and back leaf coloration was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanning Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tatjana Markovic
- Nstitute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pancic", 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Shunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Chen M, Chang C, Li H, Huang L, Zhou Z, Zhu J, Liu D. Metabolome analysis reveals flavonoid changes during the leaf color transition in Populus × euramericana 'Zhonghuahongye'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162893. [PMID: 37223816 PMCID: PMC10200940 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the mechanism of leaf color change at different stages in Populus × euramericana 'Zhonghuahongye' ('Zhonghong' poplar). Methods Leaf color phenotypes were determined and a metabolomic analysis was performed on leaves at three stages (R1, R2 and R3). Results The a*, C* and chromatic light values of the leaves decreased by 108.91%, 52.08% and 113.34%, while the brightness L values and chromatic b* values gradually increased by 36.01% and 13.94%, respectively. In the differential metabolite assay, 81 differentially expressed metabolites were detected in the R1 vs. R3 comparison, 45 were detected in the R1 vs. R2 comparison, and 75 were detected in the R2 vs. R3 comparison. Ten metabolites showed significant differences in all comparisons, which were mostly flavonoid metabolites. The metabolites that were upregulated in the three periods were cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, delphinidin, and gallocatechin, with flavonoid metabolites accounting for the largest proportion and malvidin 3- O-galactoside as the primary downregulated metabolite. The color shift of red leaves from a bright purplish red to a brownish green was associated with the downregulation of malvidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin, naringenin, and dihydromyricetin. Discussion Here, we analyzed the expression of flavonoid metabolites in the leaves of 'Zhonghong' poplar at three stages and identified key metabolites closely related to leaf color change, providing an important genetic basis for the genetic improvement of this cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Chen
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongshun Zhou
- China Experimental Centre of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingle Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, Shandong, China
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SMRT and Illumina sequencing provide insights into mechanisms of lignin and terpenoids biosynthesis in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123267. [PMID: 36657535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wood and oleoresin are important industrial raw materials with high economic value; however, their molecular formation and biosynthesis mechanisms in different tissues of Pinus massoniana remain unexplored. Therefore, we used single-molecule real-time sequencing technology (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing to establish a transcriptome dataset and explore the expression pattern of genes related to secondary metabolites involved in wood formation and oleoresin biosynthesis in six different P. massoniana tissues. In total, 63.58 Gb of polymerase reads were obtained, including 41,407 isoforms with an average length of 1822 bp. We identified 3939 and 8785 isoforms and 161 and 481 transcription factors with tissue expression specificity and in the reproductive and vegetative organs, respectively. Eighty isoforms were annotated as cellulose synthases and 224 isoforms involved in lignin biosynthesis were enriched. Additionally, we identified 217 isoforms involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, with needles having the most tissue-specific genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. Some isoforms related to lignin biosynthesis were highly expressed in the xylem, according to the results of transcriptome sequencing and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our research confirmed the advantages of SMRT sequencing and provided valuable information for the transcriptional annotation of P. massoniana, which will be beneficial for producing better raw wood and oleoresin materials.
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Luo Y, Deng M, Zhang X, Zhang D, Cai W, Long Y, Xiong X, Li Y. Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Red Maple ( Acer rubrum L.) Leaf Coloring. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040464. [PMID: 37110123 PMCID: PMC10143518 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employed a combination of ultraviolet spectrophotometry, LC-ESI-MS/MS system, and RNA-sequencing technology; the extracts and isolation of total RNA from the red and yellow leaf strains of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) at different developmental stages were subjected to an intercomparison of the dynamic content of chlorophyll and total anthocyanin, flavonoid metabolite fingerprinting, and gene expression. The metabonomic results indicated that one hundred and ninety-two flavonoids were identified, which could be classified into eight categories in the red maple leaves. Among them, 39% and 19% were flavones and flavonols, respectively. The metabolomic analysis identified 23, 32, 24, 24, 38, and 41 DAMs in the AR1018r vs. AR1031r comparison, the AR1018r vs. AR1119r comparison, the AR1031r vs. AR1119r comparison, the AR1018y vs. AR1031y comparison, the AR1018y vs. AR1119y comparison, and the AR1031y vs. AR1119y comparison, respectively. In total, 6003 and 8888 DEGs were identified in AR1018r vs. AR1031r comparison and in the AR1018y vs. AR1031y comparison, respectively. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other metabolite metabolic processes. The comprehensive analysis revealed that caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (Cluster-28704.45358 and Cluster-28704.50421) was up-regulated in the red strain but down-regulated in the yellow strain, while Peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride and Pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside were up-regulated in both the red and yellow strains. By successfully integrating the analyses on the behavior of pigment accumulation, dynamics of flavonoids, and differentially expressed genes with omics tools, the regulation mechanisms underlying leaf coloring in red maple at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels were demonstrated, and the results provide valuable information for further research on gene function in red maple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Oriental Science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Min Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Damao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuelin Long
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528200, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Contributes to Leaf Color Change by Regulating Two bHLH Transcription Factors in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043829. [PMID: 36835240 PMCID: PMC9960835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins produce different-colored pigments in plant organs, which provide ornamental value. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in ornamental plants. Phoebe bournei, a Chinese specialty tree, has high ornamental and economic value due to its rich leaf color and diverse metabolic products. Here, the metabolic data and gene expression of red P. bournei leaves at the three developmental stages were evaluated to elucidate the color-production mechanism in the red-leaved P. bournei species. First, metabolomic analysis identified 34 anthocyanin metabolites showing high levels of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (cya-3-O-glu) in the S1 stage, which may suggest that it is a characteristic metabolite associated with the red coloration of the leaves. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that 94 structural genes were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially flavanone 3'-hydroxy-lase (PbF3'H), and were significantly correlated with the cya-3-O-glu level. Third, K-means clustering analysis and phylogenetic analyses identified PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2, which shared the same expression pattern as most structural genes, indicating that these two PbbHLH genes may be regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. bournei. Finally, overexpression of PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2 in Nicotiana tabacum leaves triggered anthocyanin accumulation. These findings provide a basis for cultivating P. bournei varieties that have high ornamental value.
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Chromosomal-level genome and multi-omics dataset provides new insights into leaf pigmentation in Acer palmatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:93-104. [PMID: 36470439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acer palmatum (A. palmatum), a deciduous shrub or small arbour which belongs to Acer of Aceraceae, is an excellent greening species as well as a beautiful ornamental plant. In this study, a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for A. palmatum was constructed using Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technology. The assembly genome was ∼745.78 Mb long with a contig N50 length of 3.20 Mb, and 95.30 % (710.71 Mb) of the assembly was anchored into 13 pseudochromosomes. A total of 28,559 protein-coding genes were obtained, ∼90.02 % (25,710) of which could be functionally annotated. The genomic evolutionary analysis revealed that A. palmatum is most closely related to A. yangbiense and A. truncatum, and underwent only an ancient gamma whole-genome duplication event. Despite lacking a recent independent WGD, 25,795 (90.32 %) genes of A. palmatum were duplicated, and the unique/expanded gene families were linked with genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction and several metabolic pathways, which might underpin adaptability. A combined genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in leaves during the different season were characterized. The results indicate that the dark-purple colouration of the leaves in spring was caused by a high amount of anthocyanins, especially delphinidin and its derivatives; and the red colouration of the leaves in autumn by a high amount of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. In conclusion, these valuable multi-omic resources offer important foundations to explore the molecular regulation mechanism in leaf colouration and also provide a platform for the scientific and efficient utilization of A. palmatum.
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Zhang M, Choe J, Bu T, Liu S, Kim S. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties and Metabolite Profiling of Acer pseudoplatanus Leaves of Different Colors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010065. [PMID: 36670927 PMCID: PMC9854952 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acer pseudoplatanus (maple) is a widely grown ornamental plant. In addition to its ornamental and ecological value, it also has potentially high economic value. It is a rich source of polyphenols and exhibits antioxidant activity. However, the relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in maple leaves of different colors (green, yellow, and red) has not yet been investigated. In this study, the total polyphenol (TP), total flavonoid (TFlav), tannin (TET), chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and b), total anthocyanin (TAN), and total carotene (TAC) contents in maple leaves of different colors were evaluated. Their antioxidant activities were determined based on the inhibition of lipid oxidation, DPPH scavenging, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, and iron-chelating abilities. The concentrations of TP, TET, TFlav, TAN, and TAC in red maple leaves were higher than those in green and yellow maple leaves. In addition, red maple leaves showed a higher antioxidant effect than the leaves of the other two colors. We observed that antioxidant activity was positively correlated with TP, TFlav, and TAN and negatively correlated with Chl a and b. Finally, we analyzed the metabolites of the different colored (i.e., green, yellow, and red) maple leaves using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and found that the metabolite profile significantly varied between the different colors. These results suggest that red leaves are a good source of polyphenols and antioxidants and have potential use in the development of functional foods and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environment Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Livestock, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting Bu
- Department of Environment Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuilin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-220-2384; Fax: +82-63-220-2054
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Zhu L, Wen J, Ma Q, Yan K, Du Y, Chen Z, Lu X, Ren J, Wang Y, Li S, Li Q. Transcriptome profiling provides insights into leaf color changes in two Acer palmatum genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:589. [PMID: 36526968 PMCID: PMC9756493 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ornamental trees with seasonally-dependent leaf color, such as Acer palmatum, have gained worldwide popularity. Leaf color is a main determinant of the ornamental and economic value of A. palmatum. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for leaf color changes remain unclear. RESULTS We chose A. palmatum cultivars with yellow ('Jinling Huangfeng') and red ('Jinling Danfeng') leaves as the ideal material for studying the complex metabolic networks responsible for variations in leaf coloration. The 24 libraries obtained from four different time points in the growth of 'Jinling Huangfeng' and 'Jinling Danfeng' was subjected to Illumina high-throughput sequencing. We observed that the difference in cyanidin and delphinidin content is the primary reason behind the varying coloration of the leaves. Transcriptomic analyses revealed 225,684 unigenes, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) confirmed that they were involved in 'anthocyanin biosynthesis.' Eighteen structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were thought to be related to anthocyanin accumulation, whereas 46 MYBs, 33 basic helix-loop-helixs (bHLHs), and 29 WD40s were presumed to be involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three candidate genes (ApRHOMBOID, ApMAPK, and ApUNE10) were screened in the significant association module with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.86. CONCLUSION In this study, the leaf color changes of two A. palmatum genotypes were analyzed. These findings provide novel insights into variations in leaf coloration and suggest pathways for targeted genetic improvements in A. palmatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Jing Wen
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Kunyuan Yan
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yiming Du
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongke South Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongke South Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongke South Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Yuelan Wang
- Chenshi Maples Nursery, 313308 Longba Village, Huzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Shushun Li
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Qianzhong Li
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
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12
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Zhang M, Shen J, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Pan H. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified ChlH and POLGAMMA2 in regulating yellow-leaf coloration in Forsythia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009575. [PMID: 36160960 PMCID: PMC9501713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color is one of the most important features for plants used for landscape and ornamental purposes. However, the regulatory mechanism of yellow leaf coloration still remains elusive in many plant species. To understand the complex genetic mechanism of yellow-leaf Forsythia, we first compared the pigment content and leaf anatomical structure of yellow-leaf and green-leaf accessions derived from a hybrid population. The physiological and cytological analyses demonstrated that yellow-leaf progenies were chlorophyll deficient with defected chloroplast structure. With comparative transcriptome analysis, we identified a number of candidate genes differentially expressed between yellow-leaf and green-leaf Forsythia plants. Among these genes, we further screened out two candidates, ChlH (magnesium chelatase Subunit H) and POLGAMMA2 (POLYMERASE GAMMA 2), with consistent relative-expression pattern between different colored plants. To verify the gene function, we performed virus-induced gene silencing assays and observed yellow-leaf phenotype with total chlorophyll content reduced by approximately 66 and 83% in ChlH-silenced and POLGAMMA2-silenced plants, respectively. We also observed defected chloroplast structure in both ChlH-silenced and POLGAMMA2-silenced Forsythia. Transient over-expression of ChlH and POLGAMMA2 led to increased chlorophyll content and restored thylakoid architecture in yellow-leaf Forsythia. With transcriptome sequencing, we detected a number of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development that were responsive to the silencing of ChlH and POLGAMMA2. To summarize, ChlH and POLGAMMA2 are two key genes that possibly related to yellow-leaf coloration in Forsythia through modulating chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure. Our study provided insights into the molecular aspects of yellow-leaf Forsythia and expanded the knowledge of foliage color regulation in woody ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshuang Shen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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13
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Lu X, Chen Z, Liao B, Han G, Shi D, Li Q, Ma Q, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Luo X, Fu S, Ren J. The chromosome-scale genome provides insights into pigmentation in Acer rubrum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:322-333. [PMID: 35932656 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acer rubrum L. is one of the most prevalent ornamental species of the genus Acer, due to its straight and tall stems and beautiful leaf colors. For this study, the Oxford Nanopore platform and Hi-C technology were employed to obtain a chromosome-scale genome for A. rubrum. The genome size of A. rubrum was 1.69 Gb with an N50 of 549.44 Kb, and a total of 39 pseudochromosomes were generated with a 99.61% genome. The A. rubrum genome was predicted to have 64644 genes, of which 97.34% were functionally annotated. Genome annotation identified 67.14% as the transposable element (TE) repeat sequence, with long terminal repeats (LTR) being the richest (55.68%). Genome evolution analysis indicated that A. rubrum diverged from A. yangbiense ∼6.34 million years ago. We identified 13 genes related to pigment synthesis in A. rubrum leaves, where the expressions of four ArF3'H genes were consistent with the synthesis of cyanidin (a key pigment) in red leaves. Correlation analysis verified that the pigmentation of A. rubrum leaves was under the coordinated regulation of non-structural carbohydrates and hormones. The genomic sequence of A. rubrum will facilitate genomic breeding research for this species, while providing the valuable utilization of Aceraceae resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- Cultural & Creative College, Anhui Finance & Trade Vocational College, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Buyan Liao
- Cultural & Creative College, Anhui Finance & Trade Vocational College, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Guomin Han
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qianzhong Li
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Ningbo City College of Vocational Technology, Ningbo, 315502, China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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14
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McEvoy SL, Sezen UU, Trouern‐Trend A, McMahon SM, Schaberg PG, Yang J, Wegrzyn JL, Swenson NG. Strategies of tolerance reflected in two North American maple genomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1591-1613. [PMID: 34967059 PMCID: PMC9304320 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The first chromosome‐scale assemblies for North American members of the Acer genus, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and boxelder (Acer negundo), as well as transcriptomic evaluation of the abiotic stress response in A. saccharum are reported. This integrated study describes in‐depth aspects contributing to each species' approach to tolerance and applies current knowledge in many areas of plant genome biology with Acer physiology to help convey the genomic complexities underlying tolerance in broadleaf tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. McEvoy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - U. Uzay Sezen
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMaryland21037USA
| | - Alexander Trouern‐Trend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Sean M. McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMaryland21037USA
| | - Paul G. Schaberg
- Forest ServiceU.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Research StationBurlingtonVermont05405USA
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303YunnanChina
| | - Jill L. Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana46556USA
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15
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Meng JX, Wei J, Chi RF, Qiao YH, Zhou J, Wang YL, Wang H, Li HH. MrMYB44-Like Negatively Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Causes Spring Leaf Color of Malus 'Radiant' to Fade From Red to Green. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:822340. [PMID: 35178062 PMCID: PMC8843855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.822340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The "Spring-red-leaf" crabapple cultivar has young red leaves and mature green leaves. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in crabapple leaves in spring remains unknown. In this study, Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on Malus 'Radiant' leaf tissues in different stages of development. Twenty-two genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and 44 MYB transcription factors (TFs) were significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three R2R3-MYB TFs in subgroup 22 of the MYB TF family, MrMYB44-like1, MrMYB44-like2, and MrMYB44-like3, were highly expressed in green leaves according to RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time quantitative PCR results. Their expression levels were negatively correlated with anthocyanin content. In transient assays, overexpression of MrMYB44-like1, MrMYB44-like2, or MrMYB44-like3 inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and reduced pigment in leaf disks of M. 'Radiant' and fruit peels of M. domestica 'Fuji.' When the conserved region of the three MrMYB44-likes was silenced, the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was activated and pigments increased in both tissues. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed MrMYB44-likes interacted with MrWRKY6 to form protein complexes that regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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16
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Combined transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis of Acer mandshuricum to reveal candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23148. [PMID: 34848790 PMCID: PMC8633053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.
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17
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Li X, Li Y, Zhao M, Hu Y, Meng F, Song X, Tigabu M, Chiang VL, Sederoff R, Ma W, Zhao X. Molecular and Metabolic Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Leaf Color Change in Chokecherry ( Padus virginiana). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910697. [PMID: 34639038 PMCID: PMC8509056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chokecherry (Padus virginiana L.) is an important landscaping tree with high ornamental value because of its colorful purplish-red leaves (PRL). The quantifications of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of leaf color change in this species remain unknown. The potential biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms and the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in P. virginiana that determine three leaf colors were investigated by combined analysis of the transcriptome and the metabolome. The difference of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin content correlated with the formation of P. virginiana leaf color. Using enrichment and correlation network analysis, we found that anthocyanin accumulation differed in different colored leaves and that the accumulation of malvidin 3-O-glucoside (violet) and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (orange-red) significantly correlated with the leaf color change from green to purple-red. The flavonoid biosynthesis genes (PAL, CHS and CHI) and their transcriptional regulators (MYB, HD-Zip and bHLH) exhibited specific increased expression during the purple-red periods. Two genes encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl-transferase (UFGT) and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (BZ1), seem to be critical for suppressing the formation of the aforesaid anthocyanins. In PRL, the expression of the genes encoding for UGFT and BZ1 enzymes was substantially higher than in leaves of other colors and may be related with the purple-red color change. These results may facilitate genetic modification or selection for further improvement in ornamental qualities of P. virginiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Minghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Xingshun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ronald Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-82192225 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.); (V.L.C.)
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-82192225 (X.Z.)
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18
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Chen Z, Lu X, Li Q, Li T, Zhu L, Ma Q, Wang J, Lan W, Ren J. Systematic analysis of MYB gene family in Acer rubrum and functional characterization of ArMYB89 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6319-6335. [PMID: 33993245 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) family of transcription factors is extensively distributed across the plant kingdom. However, the functional significance of red maple (Acer rubrum) MYB transcription factors remains unclear. Our research identified 393 MYB transcription factors in the Acer rubrum genome, and these ArMYB members were unevenly distributed across 34 chromosomes. Among them, R2R3 was the primary MYB sub-class, which was further divided into 21 sub-groups with their Arabidopsis homologs. The evolution of the ArMYB family was also investigated, with the results revealing several R2R3-MYB sub-groups with expanded membership in woody species. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of ArMYB89 in red maple. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ArMYB89 expression was significantly up-regulated in red leaves in contrast to green leaves. Sub-cellular localization experiments indicated that ArMYB89 was localized in the nucleus. Further experiments revealed that ArMYB89 could interact with ArSGT1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of ArMYB89 in tobacco enhances the anthocyanin content of transgenic plants. In conclusion, our results contribute to the elucidation of a theoretical basis for the ArMYB gene family, and provide a foundation for further characterization of the biological roles of MYB genes in the regulation of Acer rubrum leaf color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qianzhong Li
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingchun Li
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang Anhui, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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19
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Gao YF, Zhao DH, Zhang JQ, Chen JS, Li JL, Weng Z, Rong LP. De novo transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis reveals leaf color of Acer pseudosieboldianum in autumn. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:383. [PMID: 34034673 PMCID: PMC8145822 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leaf color is an important ornamental trait of colored-leaf plants. The change of leaf color is closely related to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves. Acer pseudosieboldianum is a colored-leaf tree native to Northeastern China, however, there was less knowledge in Acer about anthocyanins biosynthesis and many steps of the pathway remain unknown to date. Results Anthocyanins metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted using HPLC and ESI-MS/MS system and high-throughput RNA sequencing respectively. The results demonstrated that five anthocyanins were detected in this experiment. It is worth mentioning that Peonidin O-hexoside and Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside were abundant, especially Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside displayed significant differences in content change at two periods, meaning it may be play an important role for the final color. Transcriptome identification showed that a total of 67.47 Gb of clean data were obtained from our sequencing results. Functional annotation of unigenes, including comparison with COG and GO databases, yielded 35,316 unigene annotations. 16,521 differentially expressed genes were identified from a statistical analysis of differentially gene expression. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H were selected. Also, we screened out the regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40. Combined with the detection of metabolites, the gene pathways related to anthocyanin synthesis were analyzed. Conclusions Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside played an important role for the final color. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H and regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40 were selected. This study enriched the available transcriptome information for A. pseudosieboldianum and identified a series of differentially expressed genes related to leaf color, which provides valuable information for further study on the genetic mechanism of leaf color expression in A. pseudosieboldianum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07715-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Gao
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhao
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Shuo Chen
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China
| | - Zhuo Weng
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Ping Rong
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, 977 Gongyuan Road, 133002, Yanji, China.
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Lu X, Chen Z, Deng X, Gu M, Zhu Z, Ren J, Fu S. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of non-structural carbohydrates in red maple leaves. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:265-281. [PMID: 33611764 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant sugars serve to balance nutrition, regulate development, and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are essential energy sources that facilitate plant growth, metabolism, and environmental adaptation. To better elucidate the mechanisms of NSCs in red maple, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph Q extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) and high-throughput RNA-sequencing were performed on green, red, and yellow leaves from a selected red maple mutant. In green leaves, the fructose phosphorylation process exhibited greater flux. In yellow leaves, sucrose and starch had a stronger capacity for synthesis and degradation, whereas in red leaves, there was a greater accumulation of trehalose and manninotriose. ArTPS5 positively regulated amylose, which was negatively regulated by ArFBP2, whereas ArFRK2 and ArFBP13 played a positive role in the biosynthesis of Sucrose-6P. Sucrose-6P also regulated anthocyanins and abscisic acid in red maple by affecting transcription factors. The results of this paper can assist with the control and optimization of the biosynthesis of NSCs in red maple, which may ultimately provide the foundation for influencing sugar production in Acer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Gu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Ningbo City College of Vocational Technology, Ningbo, 315502, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu C, Xiaoyu L, Junlan G, Yun X, Jie R. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of hormone pathways in Acer rubrum during developmental leaf senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:410. [PMID: 32883206 PMCID: PMC7650285 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To fully elucidate the roles and mechanisms of plant hormones in leaf senescence, we adopted an integrated analysis of both non-senescing and senescing leaves from red maple with transcriptome and metabolome data. RESULTS Transcription and metabolite profiles were generated through a combination of deep sequencing, third-generation sequencing data analysis, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph Q extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS), respectively. We investigated the accumulation of compounds and the expression of biosynthesis and signaling genes for eight hormones. The results revealed that ethylene and abscisic acid concentrations increased during the leaf senescence process, while the contents of cytokinin, auxin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid continued to decrease. Correlation tests between the hormone content and transcriptional changes were analyzed, and in six pathways, genes closely linked with leaf senescence were identified. CONCLUSIONS These results will enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of plant hormones that regulate leaf senescence in red maple, while establishing a foundation for the genetic modification of Acer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongkenanlu, Hefei, Anhui 230031 P.R. China
| | - Lu Xiaoyu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiangxilu, Hefei, Anhui 230036 P.R. China
| | - Gao Junlan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongkenanlu, Hefei, Anhui 230031 P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yun
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongkenanlu, Hefei, Anhui 230031 P.R. China
| | - Ren Jie
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 Nongkenanlu, Hefei, Anhui 230031 P.R. China
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22
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Lu X, Chen Z, Gao J, Fu S, Hu H, Ren J. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses of photosynthetic pigments in red maple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:476-490. [PMID: 32663649 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color is affected primarily by the content and proportion of various pigments. Not only do photosynthetic pigments display various colors, they are also key to the physiological activities of plants. To precisely elucidate the mechanisms of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis and their interactions in red maple, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling were performed on green, red and yellow leaves from a selected red maple mutant. In the chlorophyll pathway, ArPOR1, ArCLH2, and ArCLH4 positively regulated chlorophyll a, and made it the dominant pigment in green leaves, whereas ArNOL8 and ArNOL14 negatively regulated chlorophyll synthesis. In the carotenoid pathway, under the positive regulation of ArLUT5-1 and ArLUT5-4, the synthesis of carotenoids changed from α-branch to β-branch during the gradual senescence of leaves. Through integrated data analysis, we obtained genes that directly coordinated between carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Ultimately, the results of this paper will be a valuable resource for future research on gene-to-metabolite correlations in red maple, and provide basic information toward facilitating the improvement of color in foliage plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Junlan Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Hongrui Hu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 South Agricultural Rd., Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China.
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23
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Zhang JY, Wang T, Jia ZH, Guo ZR, Liu YZ, Wang G. Photosystem Disorder Could be the Key Cause for the Formation of Albino Leaf Phenotype in Pecan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176137. [PMID: 32858853 PMCID: PMC7503301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pecan is one of the most famous nut species in the world. The phenotype of mutants with albino leaves was found in the process of seeding pecan, providing ideal material for the study of the molecular mechanisms leading to the chlorina phenotype in plants. Both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in albino leaves (ALs) were significantly lower than those in green leaves (GLs). A total of 5171 differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparison of ALs vs. GLs using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing; 2216 DEGs (42.85%) were upregulated and 2955 DEGs (57.15%) were downregulated. The expressions of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis (HEMA1, encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase; ChlH, encoding Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase (Mg-chelatase) H subunit; CRD, encoding Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase; POR, encoding protochlorophyllide reductase) in ALs were significantly lower than those in GLs. However, the expressions of genes related to chlorophyll degradation (PAO, encoding pheophorbide a oxygenase) in ALs were significantly higher than those in GLs, indicating that disturbance of chlorophyll a biosynthesis and intensification of chlorophyll degradation lead to the absence of chlorophyll in ALs of pecan. A total of 72 DEGs associated with photosynthesis pathway were identified in ALs compared to GLs, including photosystem I (15), photosystem II (19), cytochrome b6-f complex (3), photosynthetic electron transport (6), F-type ATPase (7), and photosynthesis-antenna proteins (22). Moreover, almost all the genes (68) mapped in the photosynthesis pathway showed decreased expression in ALs compared to GLs, declaring that the photosynthetic system embedded within the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast was disturbed in ALs of pecan. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the phenotype of chlorina seedlings of pecan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gang Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-8434-7033
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Huang B, Rong H, Ye Y, Ni Z, Xu M, Zhang W, Xu LA. Transcriptomic analysis of flower color variation in the ornamental crabapple (Malus spp.) half-sib family through Illumina and PacBio Sequel sequencing. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:27-35. [PMID: 32035250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental crabapple is an important woody ornamental plant with flower colors ranging from white to pink to red, and the degree of redness is directly related to the anthocyanin content. To explore the molecular mechanism leading to the variation in flower color in ornamental crabapple, transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina and PacBio Sequel platforms revealed the difference in gene expression between the petals of plants with white and red flowers in the half-sib family. In total, the analysis identified 603 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 449 upregulated and 154 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs showed that the oxidation-reduction process and catalytic activity were more active in red petals, and most of the DEGs were involved in secondary metabolite synthesis and plant hormone signaling. Among the 603 DEGs, 10 were enriched as structural genes. Transcription factors related to anthocyanin synthesis and five genes related to anthocyanin transport and degradation were highly expressed in red petals. In addition, this study found that five AUX gene signals were differentially expressed in the two petal types. The discovery of these DEGs indicates that plant endogenous hormones also exert a regulatory effect on flower color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Hao Rong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Youju Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zhouxian Ni
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Wangxiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Dong X, Huang L, Chen Q, Lv Y, Sun H, Liang Z. Physiological and Anatomical Differences and Differentially Expressed Genes Reveal Yellow Leaf Coloration in Shumard Oak. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E169. [PMID: 32024044 PMCID: PMC7076436 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckley) is a traditional foliage plant, but little is known about its regulatory mechanism of yellow leaf coloration. Here, the yellow leaf variety of Q. shumardii named 'Zhongshan Hongjincai' (identified as 'ZH' throughout this work) and a green leaf variety named 'Shumard oak No. 23' (identified as 'SO' throughout this work) were compared. 'ZH' had lower chlorophyll content and higher carotenoid content; photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also lower. Moreover, the mesophyll cells of 'ZH' showed reduced number of chloroplasts and some structural damage. In addition, transcriptomic analysis identified 39,962 differentially expressed genes, and their expression levels were randomly verified. Expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related glumly-tRNA reductase gene and Mg-chelatase gene were decreased, while pheophorbide a oxygenase gene associated with chlorophyll degradation was up-regulated in 'ZH'. Simultaneously, carotenoid isomerase gene, z-carotene desaturase gene, violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene and zeaxanthin epoxidase gene involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were up-regulated in 'ZH'. These gene expression changes were accompanied by decreased chlorophyll content and enhanced carotenoid accumulation in 'ZH'. Consequently, changes in the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll could be driving the yellow leaf coloration in Q. shumardii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libin Huang
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China; (X.D.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (H.S.); (Z.L.)
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