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Cao Y, Pan Y, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang M, Li Y, Guo S. Variation of mesophyll conductance mediated by nitrogen form is related to changes in cell wall property and chloroplast number. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae112. [PMID: 38919556 PMCID: PMC11197310 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants primarily incorporate nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) as the primary source of inorganic nitrogen (N); the physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis (A) dropdown under NH4 + nutrition has been investigated in many studies. Leaf anatomy is a major determinant to mesophyll conductance (g m) and photosynthesis; however, it remains unclear whether the photosynthesis variations of plants exposed to different N forms is related to leaf anatomical variation. In this work, a common shrub, Lonicera japonica was hydroponically grown under NH4 +, NO3 - and 50% NH4 +/NO3 -. We found that leaf N significantly accumulated under NH4 +, whereas the photosynthesis was significantly decreased, which was mainly caused by a reduced g m. The reduced g m under NH4 + was related to the decreased intercellular air space, the reduced chloroplast number and especially the thicker cell walls. Among the cell wall components, lignin and hemicellulose contents under NH4 + nutrition were significantly higher than those in the other two N forms and were scaled negatively correlated with g m; while pectin content was independent from N forms. Pathway analysis further revealed that the cell wall components might indirectly regulate g m by influencing the thickness of the cell wall. These results highlight the importance of leaf anatomical variation characterized by modifications of chloroplasts number and cell wall thickness and compositions, in the regulation of photosynthesis in response to varied N sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Tianheng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jangsu, China
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Guo J, Ning H, Li Y, Xu Q, Shen Q, Ling N, Guo S. Assemblages of rhizospheric and root endospheric mycobiota and their ecological associations with functional traits of rice. mBio 2024; 15:e0273323. [PMID: 38319112 PMCID: PMC10936437 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02733-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The soil-root interface harbors complex fungal communities that play vital roles in the fitness of host plants. However, little is known about the assembly rules and potential functions of rhizospheric and endospheric mycobiota. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore the fungal communities inhabiting the rhizosphere and roots of 87 rice cultivars at the tillering stage via amplicon sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 region. The potential relationships between these communities and host plant functional traits were also investigated using Procrustes analysis, generalized additive model fitting, and correlation analysis. The fungal microbiota exhibited greater richness, higher diversity, and lower structural variability in the rhizosphere than in the root endosphere. Compared with the root endosphere, the rhizosphere supported a larger coabundance network, with greater connectivity and stronger cohesion. Null model-based analyses revealed that dispersal limitation was primarily responsible for rhizosphere fungal community assembly, while ecological drift was the dominant process in the root endosphere. The community composition of fungi in the rhizosphere was shown to be more related to plant functional traits, such as the root/whole plant biomass, root:shoot biomass ratio, root/shoot nitrogen (N) content, and root/shoot/whole plant N accumulation, than to that in the root endosphere. Overall, at the early stage of rice growth, diverse and complex rhizospheric fungal communities are shaped by stochastic-based processes and exhibit stronger associations with plant functional traits. IMPORTANCE The assembly processes and functions of root-associated mycobiota are among the most fascinating yet elusive topics in microbial ecology. Our results revealed that stochastic forces (dispersal limitation or ecological drift) act on fungal community assembly in both the rice rhizosphere and root endosphere at the early stage of plant growth. In addition, high covariations between the rhizosphere fungal community compositions and plant functional trait profiles were clearly demonstrated in the present study. This work provides empirical evidence of the root-associated fungal assembly principles and ecological relationships of plant functional traits with rhizospheric and root endospheric mycobiota, thereby potentially providing novel perspectives for enhancing plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Guo
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Ning
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qicheng Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Gu Z, Hu C, Gan Y, Zhou J, Tian G, Gao L. Role of Microbes in Alleviating Crop Drought Stress: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:384. [PMID: 38337917 PMCID: PMC10857462 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is an annual global phenomenon that has devastating effects on crop production, so numerous studies have been conducted to improve crop drought resistance. Plant-associated microbiota play a crucial role in crop health and growth; however, we have a limited understanding of the key processes involved in microbiome-induced crop adaptation to drought stress. In this review, we summarize the adverse effects of drought stress on crop growth in terms of germination, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, biomass, and yield, with a focus on the response of soil microbial communities to drought stress and plant-microbe interactions under drought stress. Moreover, we review the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying the mitigation effect of microbes on crop drought stress. Finally, we highlight future research directions, including the characterization of specific rhizosphere microbiome species with corresponding root exudates and the efficiency of rhizobacteria inoculants under drought conditions. Such research will advance our understanding of the complex interactions between crops and microbes and improve crop resistance to drought stress through the application of beneficial drought-adaptive microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Gu
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China;
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Yuxin Gan
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Guangli Tian
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Limin Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zait Y, Ferrero‐Serrano Á, Assmann SM. The α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein regulates mesophyll CO 2 conductance and drought tolerance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2324-2338. [PMID: 34515342 PMCID: PMC9293471 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance gm determines CO2 diffusion rates from mesophyll intercellular air spaces to the chloroplasts and is an important factor limiting photosynthesis. Increasing gm in cultivated plants is a potential strategy to increase photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi ). The anatomy of the leaf and metabolic factors such as aquaporins and carbonic anhydrases have been identified as important determinants of gm . However, genes involved in the regulation and modulation of gm remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in gm and drought tolerance in rice d1 mutants, which harbor a null mutation in the Gα subunit gene, RGA1. d1 mutants in both cv Nipponbare and cv Taichung 65 exhibited increased gm , fostering improvement in photosynthesis, WUEi , and drought tolerance compared with wild-type. The increased surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces and the reduced cell wall and chloroplast thickness in the d1 mutant are evident contributors to the increase in gm . Our results indicate that manipulation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling has the potential to improve crop WUEi and productivity under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ángel Ferrero‐Serrano
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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Carriquí M, Nadal M, Flexas J. Acclimation of mesophyll conductance and anatomy to light during leaf aging in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1894-1907. [PMID: 33724455 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ), a key limitation to photosynthesis, is strongly driven by leaf anatomy, which is in turn influenced by environmental growth conditions and ontogeny. However, studies examining the combined environment × age effect on both leaf anatomy and photosynthesis are scarce, and none have been carried out in short-lived plants. Here, we studied the variation of photosynthesis and leaf anatomy in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) grown under three different light intensities at two different leaf ages. We found that light × age interaction was significant for photosynthesis but not for anatomical characteristics. Increasing growth light intensities resulted in increases in leaf mass per area, thickness, number of palisade cell layers, and chloroplast area lining to intercellular airspace. Low and moderate-but not high-light intensity had a significant effect on all photosynthetic characteristics. Leaf aging was associated with increases in cell wall thickness (Tcw ) in all light treatments and in increases in leaf thickness in plants grown under low and moderate light intensities. However, gm did not vary with leaf aging, and photosynthesis only decreased with leaf age under moderate and high light, suggesting a compensatory effect between increased Tcw and decreased chloroplast thickness on the total CO2 diffusion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carriquí
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
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Li H, Li J, Zhang X, Shi T, Chai X, Hou P, Wang Y. Mesophyll conductance, photoprotective process and optimal N partitioning are essential to the maintenance of photosynthesis at N deficient condition in a wheat yellow-green mutant (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153469. [PMID: 34252704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency is the inhibition on CO2 assimilation regulated by light energy absorption, transport and conversion, as well as N allocation. In this study, a yellow-green wheat mutant (Jimai5265yg) and its wild type (Jimai5265, WT) were compared between 0 mM N (N0) and 14 mM N (N14) treatments using hydroponic experiments. The mutant exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency (An) than WT despite low chlorophyll (Chl) content in non-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic advantages of the mutant were maintained under N deficient condition. The quantitative analysis of limitations to photosynthesis revealed that CO2 diffusion associated with mesophyll conductance (gm) was the dominant limitation. Relative easiness to gain CO2 in the chloroplast contributed to the higher An of Jimai5265yg. N deficiency induced the photoinhibition of PSII, but the cyclic electron transport and photochemical activity of PSI was higher in Jimai5265yg compared to Jimai5265, which was a protective mechanism to avoid photodamage. Because of the sharp drop of An, N deficient seedlings had much lower photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). However, N deficiency increased the relative content of photosynthetic N (Npsn) and decreased the relative content of storage N (Nstore). The range of change in N partitioning induced by N deficiency was smaller for Jimai5265yg compared to WT. The less insensitive to N deficiency for the mutant in terms of photosynthetic property and N partitioning suggested that gm, cyclic electron transport around PSI and more optimal N partitioning pattern is necessary to sustain photosynthesis under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peijia Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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