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Reis EG, de Paula RC, de Souza Júnior JP, de Mello Prado R, Soares MB, Canteral KFF. Silicon attenuates nutritional disorder of phosphorus in seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:471. [PMID: 38811870 PMCID: PMC11134722 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional disorders of phosphorus (P), due to deficiency or toxicity, reduce the development of Eucalyptus spp. seedlings. Phosphorus deficiency often results in stunted growth and reduced vigor, while phosphorus toxicity can lead to nutrient imbalances and decreased physiological function. These sensitivities highlight the need for precise management of P levels in cultivation practices. The use of the beneficial element silicon (Si) has shown promising results under nutritional stress; nevertheless, comprehensive studies on its effects on Eucalyptus spp. seedlings are still emerging. To further elucidate the role of Si under varying P conditions, an experiment was conducted with clonal seedlings of a hybrid Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla, A207) in a soilless cultivation system. Seedlings were propagated using the minicutting method in vermiculite-filled tubes, followed by treatment with a nutrient solution at three P concentrations: a deficient dose (0.1 mM), an adequate dose (1.0 mM) and an excessive dose (10 mM), with and without the addition of Si (2mM). This study assessed P and Si concentration, nutritional efficiency, oxidative metabolism, photosynthetic parameters, and dry matter production. RESULTS Si supply increased phenolic compounds production and reduced electrolyte leakage in seedlings provided with 0.1 mM of P. On the other hand, Si favored quantum efficiency of photosystem II as well as chlorophyll a content in seedlings supplemented with 10 mM of P. In general, Si attenuates P nutritional disorder by reducing the oxidative stress, favoring the non-enzymatic antioxidant system and photosynthetic parameters in seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings are sensitive to P deficiency and toxicity and Si has shown a beneficial effect, attenuating P nutritional disorder by reducing the oxidative stress, favoring the non-enzymatic antioxidant system and photosynthetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Gonçalves Reis
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Universtiy of Florida, 700 experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bomfim Soares
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Kleve Freddy Ferreira Canteral
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
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Gonzalez-Porras CV, Teixeira GCM, Prado RDM, Ferreira PM, Palaretti LF, Oliveira KS. Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, improve physiological aspects of common beans cultivated under three water regimes in field. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2051. [PMID: 38267535 PMCID: PMC10808205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent droughts have led to an expansion of irrigated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation areas. An effective strategy to enhance water use efficiency and optimize crop growth is the application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K). However, the interaction between Si dosage, water regimes, and plant potassium status, as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms, remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of Si doses applied via fertigation under various water regimes, in the presence and absence of potassium fertilization, on gas exchange, water use efficiency, and growth of Common beans in field conditions. Two experiments were conducted, one with and one without K supply, considering that the potassium content in the soil was 6.4 mmolc dm-3 in both experiments and a replacement dose of 50 kg ha was applied in the with K treatment, with the same treatments evaluated in both potassium conditions. The treatments comprised a 3 × 4 factorial design, encompassing three water regimes: 80% (no deficit), 60% (moderate water deficit), and 40% (severe water deficit) of soil water retention capacity, and four doses of Si supplied via fertigation: 0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha-1. Where it was evaluated, content of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence of photosynthesis, relative water content, leaf water potential and electrolyte extravasation, dry mass of leaves, stems and total. The optimal doses of Si for fertigation application, leading to increased Si absorption in plants, varied with decreasing soil water content. The respective values were 6.6, 7.0, and 7.1 kg ha-1 for the water regimes without deficit, with moderate water deficit, and with severe water deficit. Fertigation application of Si improved plant performance, particularly under severe water deficit, regardless of potassium status. This improvement was evident in relative water content, leaf water potential, and membrane resistance, directly impacting pigment content and gas exchange rates. The physiological effects resulted in enhanced photosynthesis in water-deficient plants, mitigating dry mass production losses. This research demonstrates, for the first time in common bean, the potential of Si to enhance irrigation efficiency in areas limited by low precipitation and water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Messias Ferreira
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fabiano Palaretti
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Silva Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Faria Melo CC, Amaral DS, de Moura Zanine A, de Jesus Ferreira D, de Mello Prado R, de Cássia Piccolo M. Nanosilica enhances morphogenic and chemical parameters of Megathyrsus maximus grass under conditions of phosphorus deficiency and excess stress in different soils. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:497. [PMID: 37845606 PMCID: PMC10580593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) imbalances are a recurring issue in cultivated soils with pastures across diverse regions. In addition to P deficiency, the prevalence of excess P in soil has escalated, resulting in damage to pasture yield. In response to this reality, there is a need for well-considered strategies, such as the application of silicon (Si), a known element for alleviating plant stress. However, the influence of Si on the morphogenetic and chemical attributes of forage grasses grown in various soils remains uncertain. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the impact of P deficiency and excess on morphogenetic and chemical parameters, as well as digestibility, in Zuri guinea grass cultivated in Oxisol and Entisol soils. It also sought to determine whether fertigation with nanosilica could mitigate the detrimental effects of these nutritional stresses. Results revealed that P deficiency led to a reduction in tiller numbers and grass protein content, along with an increase in lignin content. Conversely, P excess resulted in higher proportions of dead material and lignin, a reduced mass leaf: stem ratio in plants, and a decrease in dry matter (DM) yield. Fertigation with Si improved tillering and protein content in deficient plants. In the case of P excess, Si reduced tiller mortality and lignin content, increased the mass leaf:stem ratio, and enhanced DM yield. This approach also increased yields in plants with sufficient P levels without affecting grass digestibility. Thus, Si utilization holds promise for enhancing the growth and chemical characteristics of forage grasses under P stress and optimizing yield in well-nourished, adapted plants, promoting more sustainable pasture yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Cármen de Faria Melo
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences (Soil and Fertilizer Sector), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Silva Amaral
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Moura Zanine
- Center for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, BR 222 km 04 Highway, Chapadinha, MA, 65500000, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Jesus Ferreira
- Center for Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, BR 222 km 04 Highway, Chapadinha, MA, 65500000, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences (Soil and Fertilizer Sector), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13400970, Brazil
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Costa MG, de Mello Prado R, Dos Santos Sarah MM, de Souza AES, de Souza Júnior JP. Silicon mitigates K deficiency in maize by modifying C, N, and P stoichiometry and nutritional efficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16929. [PMID: 37805565 PMCID: PMC10560233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency in maize plants damages the nutritional functions of K. However, few studies have investigated the influence of K on C:N:P stoichiometry, the nutritional efficiency of these nutrients, and whether the mitigating effect of Si in plants under stress could act on these nutritional mechanisms involved with C, N, and P to mitigate K deficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of K deficiency in the absence and presence of Si on N and P uptake, C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis, nutritional efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and dry matter production of maize plants. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using a 2 × 2 factorial scheme comprising two K concentrations: potassium deficiency (7.82 mg L-1) and potassium sufficiency (234.59 mg L-1). These concentrations were combined with the absence (0.0 mg L-1) and presence of Si (56.17 mg L-1), arranged in randomized blocks with five replicates. Potassium deficiency decreased stoichiometric ratios (C:N and C:P) and the plant's C, N, and P accumulation. Furthermore, it decreased the use efficiency of these nutrients, net photosynthesis, and biomass of maize plants. The results showed that Si supply stood out in K-deficient maize plants by increasing the C, N, and P accumulation. Moreover, it decreased stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P, C:Si, N:Si, and P:Si) and increased the efficiencies of uptake, translocation, and use of nutrients, net photosynthesis, and dry matter production of maize plants. Therefore, the low nutritional efficiency of C, N, and P caused by K deficiency in maize plants can be alleviated with the supply of 56.17 mg L-1 of Si in the nutrient solution. It changes C:N:P stoichiometry and favors the use efficiency of these nutrients, which enhances the photosynthesis and sustainability of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Garcia Costa
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcilene Machado Dos Santos Sarah
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Antônia Erica Santos de Souza
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
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Costa MG, Prado RDM, Santos Sarah MM, Souza Júnior JP, de Souza AES. Silicon, by promoting a homeostatic balance of C:N:P and nutrient use efficiency, attenuates K deficiency, favoring sustainable bean cultivation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:213. [PMID: 37095435 PMCID: PMC10124036 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many regions of the world, K is being depleted from soils due to agricultural intensification a lack of accessibility, and the high cost of K. Thus, there is an urgent need for a sustainable strategy for crops in this environment. Si is an option for mitigating stress due to nutritional deficiency. However, the underlying effects of Si in mitigating K deficiency C:N:P homeostasis still remains unknown for bean plants. This is a species of great worldwide importance. Thus, this study aims to evaluate whether i) K deficiency modifies the homeostatic balance of C, N and P, and, if so, ii) Si supply can reduce damage caused to nutritional stoichiometry, nutrient use efficiency, and production of dry mass in bean plants. RESULTS K deficiency caused a reduction in the stoichiometric ratios C:N, C:P, and P:Si in shoots and C:N, C:P, C:Si, N:Si, and P:Si in roots, resulting in a decrease in K content and use efficiency and reducing biomass production. The application of Si in K-deficient plants modified the ratios C:N, C:Si, N:P, N:Si, and P:Si in shoots and C:N, C:P, C:Si, N:Si, N:P, and P:Si in roots, increasing the K content and efficiency, reducing the loss of biomass. In bean plants with K sufficiency, Si also changed the stoichiometric ratios C:N, C:P, C:Si, N:P, N:Si, and P:Si in shoots and C:N, C:Si, N:Si, and P:Si in roots, increasing K content only in roots and the use efficiency of C and P in shoots and C, N, and P in roots, increasing the biomass production only in roots. CONCLUSION K deficiency causes damage to the C:N:P homeostatic balance, reducing the efficiency of nutrient use and biomass production. However, Si is a viable alternative to attenuate these nutritional damages, favoring bean growth. The future perspective is that the use of Si in agriculture in underdeveloped economies with restrictions on the use of K will constitute a sustainable strategy to increase food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton G Costa
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences. Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de M Prado
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences. Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marcilene M Santos Sarah
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences. Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Jonas P Souza Júnior
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences. Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Antonia Erica S de Souza
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences. Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
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