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Diallo AO, Marcus ME, Flood D, Theilmann M, Rahim NE, Kinlaw A, Franceschini N, Stürmer T, Tien DV, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Agoudavi K, Andall-Brereton G, Aryal K, Bahendeka S, Bicaba B, Bovet P, Dorobantu M, Farzadfar F, Ghamari SH, Gathecha G, Guwatudde D, Gurung M, Houehanou C, Houinato D, Hwalla N, Jorgensen J, Kagaruki G, Karki K, Martins J, Mayige M, McClure RW, Moghaddam SS, Mwalim O, Mwangi KJ, Norov B, Quesnel-Crooks S, Sibai A, Sturua L, Tsabedze L, Wesseh C, Geldsetzer P, Atun R, Vollmer S, Bärnighausen T, Davies J, Ali MK, Seiglie JA, Gower EW, Manne-Goehler J. Multiple cardiovascular risk factor care in 55 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative, individual-level data from 280,783 adults. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003019. [PMID: 38536787 PMCID: PMC10971750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple age-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is high among individuals living in low- and middle-income countries. We described receipt of healthcare services for and management of hypertension and diabetes among individuals living with these conditions using individual-level data from 55 nationally representative population-based surveys (2009-2019) with measured blood pressure (BP) and diabetes biomarker. We restricted our analysis to non-pregnant individuals aged 40-69 years and defined three mutually exclusive groups (i.e., hypertension only, diabetes only, and both hypertension-diabetes) to compare individuals living with concurrent hypertension and diabetes to individuals with each condition separately. We included 90,086 individuals who lived with hypertension only, 11,975 with diabetes only, and 16,228 with hypertension-diabetes. We estimated the percentage of individuals who were aware of their diagnosis, used pharmacological therapy, or achieved appropriate hypertension and diabetes management. A greater percentage of individuals with hypertension-diabetes were fully diagnosed (64.1% [95% CI: 61.8-66.4]) than those with hypertension only (47.4% [45.3-49.6]) or diabetes only (46.7% [44.1-49.2]). Among the hypertension-diabetes group, pharmacological treatment was higher for individual conditions (38.3% [95% CI: 34.8-41.8] using antihypertensive and 42.3% [95% CI: 39.4-45.2] using glucose-lowering medications) than for both conditions jointly (24.6% [95% CI: 22.1-27.2]).The percentage of individuals achieving appropriate management was highest in the hypertension group (17.6% [16.4-18.8]), followed by diabetes (13.3% [10.7-15.8]) and hypertension-diabetes (6.6% [5.4-7.8]) groups. Although health systems in LMICs are reaching a larger share of individuals living with both hypertension and diabetes than those living with just one of these conditions, only seven percent achieved both BP and blood glucose treatment targets. Implementation of cost-effective population-level interventions that shift clinical care paradigm from disease-specific to comprehensive CVD care are urgently needed for all three groups, especially for those with multiple CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha Oumar Diallo
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maja E. Marcus
- Department of Economics and Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Flood
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michaela Theilmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas E. Rahim
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan Kinlaw
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Til Stürmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dessie V. Tien
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Krishna Aryal
- Nepal Health Sector Programme 3, Monitoring Evaluation and Operational Research Project, Abt Associates, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Brice Bicaba
- Institut Africain de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gladwell Gathecha
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Guwatudde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mongal Gurung
- Health Research and Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Corine Houehanou
- Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Dismand Houinato
- Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jutta Jorgensen
- Dept of Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Global Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gibson Kagaruki
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Khem Karki
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Joao Martins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Mary Mayige
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Roy Wong McClure
- Office of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Costa Rican Social Security Fund, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bolormaa Norov
- Nutrition Department, National Center for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Abla Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lela Sturua
- Non-Communicable Disease Department, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Pascal Geldsetzer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rifat Atun
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Vollmer
- Department of Economics and Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
| | - Justine Davies
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Surgery, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Emily W. Gower
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Manne-Goehler
- Department of Economics and Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Castel-Feced S, Malo S, Aguilar-Palacio I, Feja-Solana C, Casasnovas JA, Maldonado L, Rabanaque-Hernández MJ. Influence of cardiovascular risk factors and treatment exposure on cardiovascular event incidence: Assessment using machine learning algorithms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293759. [PMID: 37971977 PMCID: PMC10653526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the influence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) on cardiovascular event (CVE) using machine learning algorithms offers some advantages over preexisting scoring systems, and better enables personalized medicine approaches to cardiovascular prevention. Using data from four different sources, we evaluated the outcomes of three machine learning algorithms for CVE prediction using different combinations of predictive variables and analysed the influence of different CVRF-related variables on CVE prediction when included in these algorithms. A cohort study based on a male cohort of workers applying populational data was conducted. The population of the study consisted of 3746 males. For descriptive analyses, mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables, and percentages for categorical ones. Machine learning algorithms used were XGBoost, Random Forest and Naïve Bayes (NB). They were applied to two groups of variables: i) age, physical status, Hypercholesterolemia (HC), Hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and ii) these variables plus treatment exposure, based on the adherence to the treatment for DM, hypertension and HC. All methods point out to the age as the most influential variable in the incidence of a CVE. When considering treatment exposure, it was more influential than any other CVRF, which changed its influence depending on the model and algorithm applied. According to the performance of the algorithms, the most accurate was Random Forest when treatment exposure was considered (F1 score 0.84), followed by XGBoost. Adherence to treatment showed to be an important variable in the risk of having a CVE. These algorithms could be applied to create models for every population, and they can be used in primary care to manage interventions personalized for every subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castel-Feced
- Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- GRISSA Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Malo
- Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- GRISSA Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Aguilar-Palacio
- Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- GRISSA Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Feja-Solana
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- GRISSA Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Directorate of Public Health, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casasnovas
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lina Maldonado
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- GRISSA Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Applied Economic, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Rabanaque-Hernández
- Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- GRISSA Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
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Kosmala A, Serfling SE, Michalski K, Lindner T, Schirbel A, Higuchi T, Hartrampf PE, Derlin T, Buck AK, Weich A, Werner RA. Molecular imaging of arterial fibroblast activation protein: association with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3011-3021. [PMID: 37147478 PMCID: PMC10382401 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess prevalence, distribution, and intensity of in-vivo arterial wall fibroblast activation protein (FAP) uptake, and its association with calcified plaque burden, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and FAP-avid tumor burden. METHODS We analyzed 69 oncologic patients who underwent [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Arterial wall FAP inhibitor (FAPI) uptake in major vessel segments was evaluated. We then investigated the associations of arterial wall uptake with calcified plaque burden (including number of plaques, plaque thickness, and calcification circumference), CVRFs, FAP-positive total tumor burden, and image noise (coefficient of variation, from normal liver parenchyma). RESULTS High focal arterial FAPI uptake (FAPI +) was recorded in 64/69 (92.8%) scans in 800 sites, of which 377 (47.1%) exhibited concordant vessel wall calcification. The number of FAPI + sites per patient and (FAPI +)-derived target-to-background ratio (TBR) correlated significantly with the number of calcified plaques (FAPI + number: r = 0.45, P < 0.01; TBR: r = - 0.26, P = 0.04), calcified plaque thickness (FAPI + number: r = 0.33, P < 0.01; TBR: r = - 0.29, P = 0.02), and calcification circumference (FAPI + number: r = 0.34, P < 0.01; TBR: r = - 0.26, P = 0.04). In univariate analysis, only body mass index was significantly associated with the number of FAPI + sites (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.12, P < 0.01). The numbers of FAPI + sites and FAPI + TBR, however, were not associated with other investigated CVRFs in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Image noise, however, showed significant correlations with FAPI + TBR (r = 0.30) and the number of FAPI + sites (r = 0.28; P = 0.02, respectively). In addition, there was no significant interaction between FAP-positive tumor burden and arterial wall FAPI uptake (P ≥ 0.13). CONCLUSION [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET identifies arterial wall lesions and is linked to marked calcification and overall calcified plaque burden, but is not consistently associated with cardiovascular risk. Apparent wall uptake may be partially explained by image noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kosmala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian E Serfling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Michalski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Philipp E Hartrampf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weich
- Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- NET-Zentrum Würzburg, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence (ENETS CoE), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- NET-Zentrum Würzburg, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence (ENETS CoE), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Carrasco-Zavala J, Díaz-Rg JA, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Lazo-Porras M. Association between multimorbidity with cognitive dysfunction in a Peruvian population. J Neurol Sci 2023; 445:120543. [PMID: 36634580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that multimorbidity is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction (CD).Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT) are very common risk factors.The association between multimorbidity due to both diseases and CD has been understudied in low and middle-income countries, in which the strength of the association might be stronger. AIM To evaluate the association between multimorbidity due to T2DM and HT with CD among adults ≥50 years in Tumbes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A secondary analysis of a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The exposure variable was the presence of both T2DM and HT, split into categories: without HT or T2DM, only T2DM, only HT, and with T2DM and HT; whereas CD was the outcome variable, defined as a score ≤26 in the Leganes Cognitive Test. Crude and adjusted generalized linear models were used to estimate the association of interest, and prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were reported. RESULTS 688 participants were analyzed. The prevalence of CD was 39.1%. There was a 56.1% of participants without TDM2 nor HT, 8.3% with T2DM, 28.9% with HT and 6.7% with both diseases. A significant association was found between multimorbidity and CD (PR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.97). Multimorbidity had a statistically significant association with CD in the group of participants with ≥7 years of education (PR = 2.56,95%CI 1.55-4.21), but no in the group with <7 years. CONCLUSIONS There is association between the morbidity of T2DM and HT, and CD among adults ≥50 years of age in Tumbes. Education was an effect modifier of the association between HT and T2DM on the presence of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carrasco-Zavala
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - J A Díaz-Rg
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - A Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - M Lazo-Porras
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zhao KY, Yuan ML, Wu YN, Cui HW, Han WY, Wang J, Su XL. Association of rs1137101 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Mongolian and Han Chinese. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:643-653. [PMID: 36159223 PMCID: PMC9412857 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i8.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often coincident, and each condition is considered a risk factor for the other. Both occur frequently in the Inner Mongolia region of China. The reasons for differences in risk between Han and Mongolian ethnic groups are not known. The LEPR gene and its polymorphism, rs1137101 (Gln223Arg), are both considered risk factors for HTN and T2DM, but any role of rs1137101 in the occurrence of HTN + T2DM remains unclear for Mongolian and Han populations in the Inner Mongolia region.
AIM To investigate the relationship between rs1137101 and the occurrence of HTN with T2DM in Mongolian and Han populations in Inner Mongolia.
METHODS A total of 2652 subjects of Han and Mongolian ethnic origins were enrolled in the current study, including 908 healthy controls, 1061 HTN patients and 683 HTN patients with T2DM.
RESULTS The association between the rs1137101 polymorphism and HTN with T2DM was analyzed, and differences between Han and Mongolian individuals assessed. There was a significant correlation between rs1137101 and HTN (co-dominant, dominant, over-dominant and log-additive models) and HTN + T2DM (co-dominant, dominant, over-dominant and log-additive models) after adjustment for sex and age in individuals of Mongolian origin. rs1137101 was significantly associated with HTN (co-dominant, recessive and log-additive models) and HTN + T2DM (co-dominant, dominant, over-dominant and log-additive models) in the Han Chinese population.
CONCLUSION Mongolian and Han subjects from Inner Mongolia with HTN who had rs1137101 were protected against the development of T2DM. Allele A has the opposite impact on the occurrence of HTN in Mongolian and Han Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yu Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cellular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng-Lu Yuan
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yun-Na Wu
- Medical Clinical Laboratory, Huhhot First Hospital, Huhhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cui
- Department of Scientific Research, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Yan Han
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cellular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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