1
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Mok ETY, Chitty JL, Cox TR. miRNAs in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:163-186. [PMID: 38240887 PMCID: PMC11213741 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNA or microRNA (miRNA) are critical regulators of eukaryotic cells. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and function has been linked to a variety of diseases including cancer. They play a complex role in cancers, having both tumour suppressor and promoter properties. In addition, a single miRNA can be involved in regulating several mRNAs or many miRNAs can regulate a single mRNA, therefore assessing these roles is essential to a better understanding in cancer initiation and development. Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, in part due to the lack of diagnostic tools and limited treatment options. The most common form of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is characterised by major genetic mutations that drive cancer initiation and progression. The regulation or interaction of miRNAs with these cancer driving mutations suggests a strong link between the two. Understanding this link between miRNA and PDAC progression may give rise to novel treatments or diagnostic tools. This review summarises the role of miRNAs in PDAC, the downstream signalling pathways that they play a role in, how these are being used and studied as therapeutic targets as well as prognostic/diagnostic tools to improve the clinical outcome of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie T Y Mok
- Matrix & Metastasis Lab, Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica L Chitty
- Matrix & Metastasis Lab, Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Matrix & Metastasis Lab, Cancer Ecosystems Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Mainali S, Nepal G, Webb A, Fadda P, Mirebrahimi D, Nana-Sinkam P, Worrall B, Woo D, Johnson N, Hamed M. MicroRNA Expression Profile in Acute Ischemic Stroke. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3754883. [PMID: 38260305 PMCID: PMC10802726 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3754883/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) continues to present a considerable challenge to global health, marked by substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Although definitive diagnostic markers exist in the form of neuroimaging, their expense, limited availability, and potential for diagnostic delay can often result in missed opportunities for life-saving interventions. Despite several past attempts, research efforts to date have been fraught with challenges likely due to multiple factors such as inclusion of diverse stroke types, variable onset intervals, differing pathobiologies, and a range of infarct sizes, all contributing to inconsistent circulating biomarker levels. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising biomarker, demonstrating potential as biomarkers across various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders. These circulating miRNAs embody a wide spectrum of pathophysiological processes, encompassing cell death, inflammation, angiogenesis, neuroprotection, brain plasticity, and blood-brain barrier integrity. This pilot study explores the utility of circulating exosome-enriched extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs as potential biomarkers for anterior circulation LVO (acLVO) stroke. Methods In our longitudinal prospective cohort study, we collected data from acute large vessel occlusion (acLVO) stroke patients at four critical time intervals post-symptom onset: 0-6 hours, 6-12 hours, 12-24 hours, and 5-7 days. For comparative analysis, healthy individuals were included as control subjects. In this study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from the plasma of participants, and the miRNAs within these EVs were profiled utilizing the NanoString nCounter system. Complementing this, a scoping review was conducted to examine the roles of specific miRNAs such as miR-140-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-7-5p in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This review involved a targeted PubMed search to assess their influence on crucial pathophysiological pathways in AIS, and their potential applications in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The review also included an assessment of additional miRNAs linked to stroke. Results Within the first 6 hours of symptom onset, three specific miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-140-5p, and miR-210-3p) exhibited significant differential expression compared to other time points and healthy controls. These miRNAs have previously been associated with neuroprotection, cellular stress responses, and tissue damage, suggesting their potential as early markers of acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion This study highlights the potential of circulating miRNAs as blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute acLVO ischemic stroke. However, further validation in a larger, risk-matched cohort is required. Additionally, investigations are needed to assess the prognostic relevance of these miRNAs by linking their expression profiles with radiological and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Woo
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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3
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Yan H, Wen Y, Tian Z, Hart N, Han S, Hughes SJ, Zeng Y. A one-pot isothermal Cas12-based assay for the sensitive detection of microRNAs. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1583-1601. [PMID: 37106152 PMCID: PMC11108682 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of microRNAs as clinical cancer biomarkers is hindered by the absence of accurate, fast and inexpensive assays for their detection in biofluids. Here we report a one-step and one-pot isothermal assay that leverages rolling-circle amplification and the endonuclease Cas12a for the accurate detection of specific miRNAs. The assay exploits the cis-cleavage activity of Cas12a to enable exponential rolling-circle amplification of target sequences and its trans-cleavage activity for their detection and for signal amplification. In plasma from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the assay detected the miRNAs miR-21, miR-196a, miR-451a and miR-1246 in extracellular vesicles at single-digit femtomolar concentrations with single-nucleotide specificity. The assay is rapid (sample-to-answer times ranged from 20 min to 3 h), does not require specialized instrumentation and is compatible with a smartphone-based fluorescence detection and with the lateral-flow format for visual readouts. Simple assays for the detection of miRNAs in blood may aid the development of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yunjie Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zimu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nathan Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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4
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Seyhan AA. Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer-Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13340. [PMID: 37686149 PMCID: PMC10488102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent unmet need for robust and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to specific treatments of many aggressive and deadly cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, and liquid biopsy-based miRNA profiling has the potential for this. MiRNAs are a subset of non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of a multitude of genes post-transcriptionally and thus are potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers and have also emerged as potential therapeutics. Because miRNAs are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of their target mRNAs via repressing gene expression, defects in miRNA biogenesis pathway and miRNA expression perturb the expression of a multitude of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. As such, numerous miRNAs have been identified to be downregulated or upregulated in many cancers, functioning as either oncomes or oncosuppressor miRs. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis pathways can also change miRNA expression and function in cancer. Profiling of dysregulated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer has been shown to correlate with disease diagnosis, indicate optimal treatment options and predict response to a specific therapy. Specific miRNA signatures can track the stages of pancreatic cancer and hold potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers, as well as therapeutics such as miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors (antagomirs). Furthermore, identified specific miRNAs and genes they regulate in pancreatic cancer along with downstream pathways can be used as potential therapeutic targets. However, a limited understanding and validation of the specific roles of miRNAs, lack of tissue specificity, methodological, technical, or analytical reproducibility, harmonization of miRNA isolation and quantification methods, the use of standard operating procedures, and the availability of automated and standardized assays to improve reproducibility between independent studies limit bench-to-bedside translation of the miRNA biomarkers for clinical applications. Here I review recent findings on miRNAs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila A. Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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5
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Roy JW, Wajnberg G, Ouellette A, Boucher JE, Lacroix J, Chacko S, Ghosh A, Ouellette RJ, Lewis SM. Small RNA sequencing analysis of peptide-affinity isolated plasma extracellular vesicles distinguishes pancreatic cancer patients from non-affected individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9251. [PMID: 37286718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high fatality rate, mainly due to its asymptomatic nature until late-stage disease and therefore delayed diagnosis that leads to a lack of timely treatment intervention. Consequently, there is a significant need for better methods to screen populations that are at high risk of developing PDAC. Such advances would result in earlier diagnosis, more treatment options, and ultimately better outcomes for patients. Several recent studies have applied the concept of liquid biopsy, which is the sampling of a biofluid (such as blood plasma) for the presence of disease biomarkers, to develop screening approaches for PDAC; several of these studies have focused on analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargoes. While these studies have identified many potential biomarkers for PDAC that are present within EVs, their application to clinical practice is hindered by the lack of a robust, reproducible method for EV isolation and analysis that is amenable to a clinical setting. Our previous research has shown that the Vn96 synthetic peptide is indeed a robust and reproducible method for EV isolation that has the potential to be used in a clinical setting. We have therefore chosen to investigate the utility of the Vn96 synthetic peptide for this isolation of EVs from human plasma and the subsequent detection of small RNA biomarkers of PDAC by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. We find that analysis of small RNA from Vn96-isolated EVs permits the discrimination of PDAC patients from non-affected individuals. Moreover, analyses of all small RNA species, miRNAs, and lncRNA fragments are most effective at segregating PDAC patients from non-affected individuals. Several of the identified small RNA biomarkers have been previously associated with and/or characterized in PDAC, indicating the validity of our findings, whereas other identified small RNA biomarkers may have novel roles in PDAC or cancer in general. Overall, our results provide a basis for a clinically-amendable detection and/or screening strategy for PDAC using a liquid biopsy approach that relies on Vn96-mediated isolation of EVs from plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Roy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Stephen M Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada.
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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6
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Hu M, Brown V, Jackson JM, Wijerathne H, Pathak H, Koestler DC, Nissen E, Hupert ML, Muller R, Godwin AK, Witek MA, Soper SA. Assessing Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes Using Extracellular Vesicles' mRNA. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7665-7675. [PMID: 37071799 PMCID: PMC10243595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry RNA cargo that is believed to be associated with the cell-of-origin and thus have the potential to serve as a minimally invasive liquid biopsy marker for supplying molecular information to guide treatment decisions (i.e., precision medicine). We report the affinity isolation of EV subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies attached to the surface of a microfluidic chip that is made from a plastic to allow for high-scale production. The EV microfluidic affinity purification (EV-MAP) chip was used for the isolation of EVs sourced from two-orthogonal cell types and was demonstrated for its utility in a proof-of-concept application to provide molecular subtyping information for breast cancer patients. The orthogonal selection process better recapitulated the epithelial tumor microenvironment by isolating two subpopulations of EVs: EVEpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule, epithelial origin) and EVFAPα (fibroblast activation protein α, mesenchymal origin). The EV-MAP provided recovery >80% with a specificity of 99 ± 1% based on exosomal mRNA (exo-mRNA) and real time-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction results. When selected from the plasma of healthy donors and breast cancer patients, EVs did not differ in size or total RNA mass for both markers. On average, 0.5 mL of plasma from breast cancer patients yielded ∼2.25 ng of total RNA for both EVEpCAM and EVFAPα, while in the case of cancer-free individuals, it yielded 0.8 and 1.25 ng of total RNA from EVEpCAM and EVFAPα, respectively. To assess the potential of these two EV subpopulations to provide molecular information for prognostication, we performed the PAM50 test (Prosigna) on exo-mRNA harvested from each EV subpopulation. Results suggested that EVEpCAM and EVFAPα exo-mRNA profiling using subsets of the PAM50 genes and a novel algorithm (i.e., exo-PAM50) generated 100% concordance with the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Virginia Brown
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Joshua M Jackson
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | | | - Rolf Muller
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Malgorzata A Witek
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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7
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Blázquez-Encinas R, Moreno-Montilla MT, García-Vioque V, Gracia-Navarro F, Alors-Pérez E, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Ibáñez-Costa A, Castaño JP. The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:267-282. [PMID: 36418657 PMCID: PMC9685014 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a highly heterogeneous group of tumors arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. NENs mainly originate in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues, and despite being rare, show rising incidence. The molecular mechanisms underlying NEN development are still poorly understood, although recent studies are unveiling their genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes. RNA was originally considered as an intermediary between DNA and protein. Today, compelling evidence underscores the regulatory relevance of RNA processing, while new RNA molecules emerge with key functional roles in core cell processes. Indeed, correct functioning of the interrelated complementary processes comprising RNA biology, its processing, transport, and surveillance, is essential to ensure adequate cell homeostasis, and its misfunction is related to cancer at multiple levels. This review is focused on the dysregulation of RNA biology in NENs. In particular, we survey alterations in the splicing process and available information implicating the main RNA species and processes in NENs pathology, including their role as biomarkers, and their functionality and targetability. Understanding how NENs precisely (mis)behave requires a profound knowledge at every layer of their heterogeneity, to help improve NEN management. RNA biology provides a wide spectrum of previously unexplored processes and molecules that open new avenues for NEN detection, classification and treatment. The current molecular biology era is rapidly evolving to facilitate a detailed comprehension of cancer biology and is enabling the arrival of personalized, predictive and precision medicine to rare tumors like NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Blázquez-Encinas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Moreno-Montilla
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Vioque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
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8
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Albadawy R, Hasanin AH, Agwa SHA, Hamady S, Mohamed RH, Gomaa E, Othman M, Yahia YA, Ghani AMA, Matboli M. Prospective insight into the role of benzyl propylene glycoside as a modulator of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the management of nonalcoholic fatty pancreas animal model. Biol Res 2023; 56:11. [PMID: 36915161 PMCID: PMC10010022 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatitis (NAFP) is one of the metabolic syndrome manifestations that need further studies to determine its molecular determinants and find effective medications. We aimed to investigate the potential effect of benzyl propylene glycoside on NAFP management via targeting the pancreatic cGAS-STING pathway-related genes (DDX58, NFκB1 & CHUK) and their upstream regulator miRNA (miR-1976) that were retrieved from bioinformatics analysis. METHODS The rats were fed either normal chow or a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS), as a nutritional model for NAFP. After 8 weeks, the HFHS-fed rats were subdivided randomly into 4 groups; untreated HFHS group (NAFP model group) and three treated groups which received 3 doses of benzyl propylene glycoside (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks, parallel with HFHS feeding. RESULTS The molecular analysis revealed that benzyl propylene glycoside could modulate the expression of the pancreatic cGAS-STING pathway-related through the downregulation of the expression of DDX58, NFκB1, and CHUK mRNAs and upregulation of miR-1976 expression. Moreover, the applied treatment reversed insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis observed in the untreated NAFP group, as evidenced by improved lipid panel, decreased body weight and the serum level of lipase and amylase, reduced protein levels of NFκB1 and caspase-3 with a significant reduction in area % of collagen fibers in the pancreatic sections of treated animals. CONCLUSION benzyl propylene glycoside showed a potential ability to attenuate NAFP development, inhibit pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis and reduce the pathological and metabolic disturbances monitored in the applied NAFP animal model. The detected effect was correlated with modulation of the expression of pancreatic (DDX58, NFκB1, and CHUK mRNAs and miR-1976) panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Albadawy
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13518 Egypt
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara H. A. Agwa
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology and Molecular Genomics Unit, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11382 Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Hamady
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Reham Hussein Mohamed
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Gomaa
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Othman
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XGastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yahia A. Yahia
- grid.252119.c0000 0004 0513 1456Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Egypt
- grid.440875.a0000 0004 1765 2064Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amani Mohamed Abdel Ghani
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
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9
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Raut P, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Clinical and Molecular Attributes and Evaluation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188851. [PMID: 36535512 PMCID: PMC9898173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are all considered "Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs)" and show a varying risk of developing into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These lesions display different molecular characteristics, mutations, and clinical manifestations. A lack of detailed understanding of PCN subtype characteristics and their molecular mechanisms limits the development of efficient diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Proper in vivo mouse models that mimic human PCNs are also needed to study the molecular mechanisms and for therapeutic testing. A comprehensive understanding of the current status of PCN biology, mechanisms, current diagnostic methods, and therapies will help in the early detection and proper management of patients with these lesions and PDAC. This review aims to describe all these aspects of PCNs, specifically IPMNs, by describing the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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10
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Pedraz-Valdunciel C, Giannoukakos S, Giménez-Capitán A, Fortunato D, Filipska M, Bertran-Alamillo J, Bracht JWP, Drozdowskyj A, Valarezo J, Zarovni N, Fernández-Hilario A, Hackenberg M, Aguilar-Hernández A, Molina-Vila MÁ, Rosell R. Multiplex Analysis of CircRNAs from Plasma Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched Samples for the Detection of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2034. [PMID: 36297470 PMCID: PMC9610636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of liquid biopsies brings new opportunities in the precision oncology field. Under this context, extracellular vesicle circular RNAs (EV-circRNAs) have gained interest as biomarkers for lung cancer (LC) detection. However, standardized and robust protocols need to be developed to boost their potential in the clinical setting. Although nCounter has been used for the analysis of other liquid biopsy substrates and biomarkers, it has never been employed for EV-circRNA analysis of LC patients. METHODS EVs were isolated from early-stage LC patients (n = 36) and controls (n = 30). Different volumes of plasma, together with different number of pre-amplification cycles, were tested to reach the best nCounter outcome. Differential expression analysis of circRNAs was performed, along with the testing of different machine learning (ML) methods for the development of a prognostic signature for LC. RESULTS A combination of 500 μL of plasma input with 10 cycles of pre-amplification was selected for the rest of the study. Eight circRNAs were found upregulated in LC. Further ML analysis selected a 10-circRNA signature able to discriminate LC from controls with AUC ROC of 0.86. CONCLUSIONS This study validates the use of the nCounter platform for multiplexed EV-circRNA expression studies in LC patient samples, allowing the development of prognostic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pedraz-Valdunciel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stavros Giannoukakos
- Department of Genetics, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martyna Filipska
- Department of Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- B Cell Biology Group, Hospital del Mar Biomedical Research Park (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jillian W. P. Bracht
- Vesicle Observation Centre, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Drozdowskyj
- Oncology Institute Dr. Rosell (IOR), Dexeus University Institute, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joselyn Valarezo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Fernández-Hilario
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, DaSCI., University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Michael Hackenberg
- Department of Genetics, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Rosell
- Department of Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Oncology Institute Dr. Rosell (IOR), Dexeus University Institute, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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11
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Marin AM, Mattar SB, Amatuzzi RF, Chammas R, Uno M, Zanette DL, Aoki MN. Plasma Exosome-Derived microRNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Brazilian Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:769. [PMID: 35740894 PMCID: PMC9221134 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents one of the leading causes of oncological death worldwide. A combination of pancreatic cancer aggressiveness and late diagnosis are key factors leading to a low survival rate and treatment inefficiency, and early diagnosis is pursued as a critical factor for pancreatic cancer. In this context, plasma microRNAs are emerging as promising players due to their non-invasive and practical usage in oncological diagnosis and prognosis. Recent studies have showed some miRNAs associated with pancreatic cancer subtypes, or with stages of the disease. Here we demonstrate plasma exosome-derived microRNA expression in pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals from Brazilian patients. Using plasma of 65 pancreatic cancer patients and 78 healthy controls, plasma exosomes were isolated and miRNAs miR-27b, miR-125b-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-19b, and miR-205-5p were quantified by RT-qPCR. We found that miR-125b-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-205-5p were statistically overexpressed in the plasma exosomes of pancreatic cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, miR-205-5p was significantly overexpressed in European descendants, in patients with tumor progression and in those who died from the disease, and diagnostic ability by ROC curve was 0.86. Therefore, we demonstrate that these three microRNAs are potential plasma exosome-derived non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of Brazilian pancreatic cancer, demonstrating the importance of different populations and epidemiological bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelis Maria Marin
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (S.B.M.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Sibelle Botogosque Mattar
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (S.B.M.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Rafaela Ferreira Amatuzzi
- Laboratory of Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil;
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.)
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.)
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (S.B.M.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (S.B.M.); (D.L.Z.)
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12
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Popov A, Mandys V. Senescence-Associated miRNAs and Their Role in Pancreatic Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610156. [PMID: 35570840 PMCID: PMC9098800 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Replicative senescence is irreversible cell proliferation arrest for somatic cells which can be circumvented in cancers. Cellular senescence is a process, which may play two opposite roles. On the one hand, this is a natural protection of somatic cells against unlimited proliferation and malignant transformation. On the other hand, cellular secretion caused by senescence can stimulate inflammation and proliferation of adjacent cells that may promote malignancy. The main genes controlling the senescence pathways are also well known as tumor suppressors. Almost 140 genes regulate both cellular senescence and cancer pathways. About two thirds of these genes (64%) are regulated by microRNAs. Senescence-associated miRNAs can stimulate cancer progression or act as tumor suppressors. Here we review the role playing by senescence-associated miRNAs in development, diagnostics and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Circulating Nucleic Acids as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082027. [PMID: 35454933 PMCID: PMC9031361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advancements in the clinical management of PDAC it remains a significant cause of mortality. PDAC is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to vague symptoms associated with early-stage disease and a lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. Late diagnosis results in a high proportion of cases being ineligible for surgical resection, the only potentially curative therapy for PDAC. Furthermore, a lack of prognostic biomarkers impedes clinician's ability to properly assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Advances in our ability to detect circulating nucleic acids allows for the advent of novel biomarkers for PDAC. Tumor derived circulating and exosomal nucleic acids allow for the detection of PDAC-specific mutations through a non-invasive blood sample. Such biomarkers could expand upon the currently limited repertoire of tests available. This review outlines recent developments in the use of molecular techniques for the detection of these nucleic acids and their potential roles, alongside current techniques, in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic governance of PDAC.
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14
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Mahmoudi A, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The role of exosomal miRNA in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2078-2094. [PMID: 35137416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) impacts more than one-third of the population and is linked with other metabolic diseases. The term encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases, from modest steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis with the potential for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, available methods for diagnosing NAFLD are invasive or lack accuracy, and monitoring to determine response to therapeutic interventions is challenging. Exosomes are nano-scaled extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells. They convey proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive molecules between cells and are involved in an extensive range of biological processes, particularly cell-cell communication. Several reports suggest that exosomes mediate miRNAs and, thus, they have potential clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in liver diseases. In view of the vital role of exosomal microRNA in disease, we here synthesized current knowledge about the biogenesis of exosomal miRNA and exosome-mediated microRNA transfer. We then discuss the potential of exosomal miRNA in diagnosis and therapeutics of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Havasi A, Sur D, Cainap SS, Lungulescu CV, Gavrilas LI, Cainap C, Vlad C, Balacescu O. Current and New Challenges in the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Role of miRNA-Based Approaches as New Reliable Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1109. [PMID: 35163032 PMCID: PMC8834851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare tumors; however, their incidence greatly increases with age, and they occur more frequently among the elderly. They represent 5% of all pancreatic tumors, and despite the fact that low-grade tumors often have an indolent evolution, they portend a poor prognosis in an advanced stages and undifferentiated tumors. Additionally, functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors greatly impact quality of life due to the various clinical syndromes that result from abnormal hormonal secretion. With limited therapeutic and diagnostic options, patient stratification and selection of optimal therapeutic strategies should be the main focus. Modest improvements in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have been achieved in the last years. Therefore, it is imperative to find new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival and quality of life, limiting the disease burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous molecules that modulate the expression of thousands of genes and control numerous critical processes involved in tumor development and progression. New data also suggest the implication of miRNAs in treatment resistance and their potential as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we discusses the current and new challenges in the management of PanNETs, including genetic and epigenetic approaches. Furthermore, we summarize the available data on miRNAs as potential prognostic, predictive, or diagnostic biomarkers and discuss their function as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- MedEuropa Radiotherapy Center, 410191 Oradea, Romania
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Sorana Cainap
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Laura-Ioana Gavrilas
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Calin Cainap
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Catalin Vlad
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34–36, Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’’, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Osei-Bordom DC, Sachdeva G, Christou N. Liquid Biopsy as a Prognostic and Theranostic Tool for the Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:788869. [PMID: 35096878 PMCID: PMC8795626 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) represent one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Survival is still low due to diagnosis at an advanced stage and resistance to treatment. Herein, we review the main types of liquid biopsy able to help in both prognosis and adaptation of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Osei-Bordom
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gagandeep Sachdeva
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niki Christou
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- EA3842 CAPTuR Laboratory "Cell Activation Control, Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance", Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
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17
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Chen J, Yao D, Chen W, Li Z, Guo Y, Zhu F, Hu X. Serum exosomal miR-451a acts as a candidate marker for pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:74-80. [PMID: 35001683 DOI: 10.1177/17246008211070018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic efficiency of serum exosomal miR-451a as a novel biomarker for pancreatic cancer. METHODS Serum samples were collected prior to treatment. First, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) profiles in serum exosomes from eight pancreatic cancer patients and eight healthy volunteers. We then validated the usefulness of the selected exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in another 191 pancreatic cancer patients, 95 pancreatic benign disease (PB) patients, and 90 healthy controls. RESULTS The expression of miR-451a in serum-derived exosomes from pancreatic cancer patients was significantly upregulated compared with those from PB patients and healthy individuals. Serum exosomal miR-451a showed excellent diagnostic power in identifying pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, exosomal miR-451a showed a significant association with clinical stage and distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer, and the expression level of serum exosomal miR-451a was sensitive to therapy and relapse. CONCLUSIONS Serum exosomal miR-451a might serve as a novel diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Co-first author
| | - Dongting Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Co-first author
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Hussain Z, Nigri J, Tomasini R. The Cellular and Biological Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123040. [PMID: 34207163 PMCID: PMC8235245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increased incidence and global failure of ongoing therapies project pancreatic cancer as the second deadliest cancer worldwide. While our knowledge of pancreatic cancer cells’ abilities and specificities has drastically improved based on multi-scaled omics, one must consider that much more remains to be uncovered on the role and impact of stromal cells and the established network of communication with tumor cells. This review article discusses how tumor cells communicate with the various cells composing the stroma and its implication in tumor cells’ abilities, PDA (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) carcinogenesis and therapeutic response. We will focus on extracellular vesicles-mediated crosstalk and how this multifaceted dialogue impacts both cellular compartments and its subsequent impact on PDA biology. Abstract Deciphering the interactions between tumor and stromal cells is a growing field of research to improve pancreatic cancer-associated therapies and patients’ care. Indeed, while accounting for 50 to 90% of the tumor mass, many pieces of evidence reported that beyond their structural role, the non-tumoral cells composing the intra-tumoral microenvironment influence tumor cells’ proliferation, metabolism, cell death and resistance to therapies, among others. Simultaneously, tumor cells can influence non-tumoral neighboring or distant cells in order to shape a tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive environment as well as influencing the formation of metastatic niches. Among intercellular modes of communication, extracellular vesicles can simultaneously transfer the largest variety of signals and were recently reported as key effectors of cell–cell communication in pancreatic cancer, from its development to its evolution as well as its ability to resist available treatments. This review focuses on extracellular vesicles-mediated communication between different cellular components of pancreatic tumors, from the modulation of cellular activities and abilities to their biological and physiological relevance. Taking into consideration the intra-tumoral microenvironment and its extracellular-mediated crosstalk as main drivers of pancreatic cancer development should open up new therapeutic windows.
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19
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Tu J, Luo X, Liu H, Zhang J, He M. Cancer spheroids derived exosomes reveal more molecular features relevant to progressed cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101026. [PMID: 34095553 PMCID: PMC8167213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell spheroids have been shown to be more physiologically relevant to native tumor tissue than monolayer 2D culture cells. Due to enhanced intercellular communications among cells in spheroids, spheroid secreted exosomes which account for transcellular transportation should exceed those from 2D cell culture and may display a different expression pattern of miRNA or protein. To test this, we employed a widely used pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1, to create 3D spheroids and compared exosomes generated by both 2D cell culture and 3D PANC-1 spheroids. We further measured and compared exosomal miRNA and GPC-1 protein expression with qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. It showed that PANC-1 cells cultured in 3D spheroids can produce significantly more exosomes than PANC-1 2D cells and exosomal miRNA and GPC-1 expression derived from spheroids show more features relevant to the progression of pancreatic cancer. These findings point to the potential importance of using spheroids as in vitro model to study cancer development and progression.
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20
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Asa SL, La Rosa S, Basturk O, Adsay V, Minnetti M, Grossman AB. Molecular Pathology of Well-Differentiated Gastro-entero-pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:169-191. [PMID: 33459926 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising in the gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary system are the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms. Studies of the molecular basis of these lesions have identified genetic mutations that predispose to familial endocrine neoplasia syndromes and occur both as germline events and in sporadic tumors. The mutations often involve epigenetic regulators rather than the oncogenes and tumor suppressors that are affected in other malignancies. Somatic copy number alterations and miRNAs have also been implicated in the development and progression of some of these tumors. The molecular profiles differ by location, but many are shared by tumors in other sites, including those outside the gastroenteropancreatic system. The approach to therapy relies on both the neuroendocrine nature of these tumors and the identification of specific alterations that can serve as targets for precision oncologic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology and Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford and ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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21
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Bracht JWP, Gimenez-Capitan A, Huang CY, Potie N, Pedraz-Valdunciel C, Warren S, Rosell R, Molina-Vila MA. Analysis of extracellular vesicle mRNA derived from plasma using the nCounter platform. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3712. [PMID: 33580122 PMCID: PMC7881020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layered phospholipid membrane vesicles that are released by most cells and can mediate intercellular communication through their RNA cargo. In this study, we tested if the NanoString nCounter platform can be used for the analysis of EV-mRNA. We developed and optimized a methodology for EV enrichment, EV-RNA extraction and nCounter analysis. Then, we demonstrated the validity of our workflow by analyzing EV-RNA profiles from the plasma of 19 cancer patients and 10 controls and developing a gene signature to differentiate cancer versus control samples. TRI reagent outperformed automated RNA extraction and, although lower plasma input is feasible, 500 μL provided highest total counts and number of transcripts detected. A 10-cycle pre-amplification followed by DNase treatment yielded reproducible mRNA target detection. However, appropriate probe design to prevent genomic DNA binding is preferred. A gene signature, created using a bioinformatic algorithm, was able to distinguish between control and cancer EV-mRNA profiles with an area under the ROC curve of 0.99. Hence, the nCounter platform can be used to detect mRNA targets and develop gene signatures from plasma-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian W P Bracht
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Sabino Arana 5-19, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola, Spain.
| | - Ana Gimenez-Capitan
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Sabino Arana 5-19, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nicolas Potie
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, PTS, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedraz-Valdunciel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Molina-Vila
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Sabino Arana 5-19, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Shrivastava S, Morris KV. The Multifunctionality of Exosomes; from the Garbage Bin of the Cell to a Next Generation Gene and Cellular Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020173. [PMID: 33513776 PMCID: PMC7912150 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are packaged with a variety of cellular cargo including RNA, DNA, lipids and proteins. For several decades now there has been ongoing debate as to what extent exosomes are the garbage bin of the cell or if these entities function as a distributer of cellular cargo which acts in a meaningful mechanistic way on target cells. Are the contents of exosomes unwanted excess cellular produce or are they selective nucleic acid packaged nanoparticles used to communicate in a paracrine fashion? Overexpressed RNAs and fragments of DNA have been shown to collect into exosomes which are jettisoned from cells in response to particular stimuli to maintain homeostasis suggesting exosomes are functional trash bins of the cell. Other studies however have deciphered selective packaging of particular nucleic acids into exosomes. Nucleic acids packaged into exosomes are increasingly reported to exert transcriptional control on recipient cells, supporting the notion that exosomes may provide a role in signaling and intracellular communication. We survey the literature and conclude that exosomes are multifunctional entities, with a plethora of roles that can each be taken advantage to functionally modulate cells. We also note that the potential utility of developing exosomes as a next generation genetic therapy may in future transform cellular therapies. We also depict three models of methodologies which can be adopted by researchers intending to package nucleic acid in exosomes for developing gene and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Shrivastava
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin V. Morris
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Australia
- Correspondence:
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23
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Boces-Pascual C, Mata-Ventosa A, Martín-Satué M, Boix L, Gironella M, Pastor-Anglada M, Pérez-Torras S. OncomiRs miR-106a and miR-17 negatively regulate the nucleoside-derived drug transporter hCNT1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7505-7518. [PMID: 34647142 PMCID: PMC8629896 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-affinity uptake of natural nucleosides as well as nucleoside derivatives used in anticancer therapies is mediated by human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNTs). hCNT1, the hCNT family member that specifically transports pyrimidines, is also a transceptor involved in tumor progression. In particular, oncogenesis appears to be associated with hCNT1 downregulation in some cancers, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we sought to address changes in colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-both of which are important digestive cancers-in the context of treatment with fluoropyrimidine derivatives. An analysis of cancer samples and matching non-tumoral adjacent tissues revealed downregulation of hCNT1 protein in both types of tumor. Further exploration of the putative regulation of hCNT1 by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly deregulated in these cancers, revealed a direct relationship between the oncomiRs miR-106a and miR-17 and the loss of hCNT1. Collectively, our findings provide the first demonstration that hCNT1 inhibition by these oncomiRs could contribute to chemoresistance to fluoropyrimidine-based treatments in colorectal and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Boces-Pascual
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD-CERCA), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mata-Ventosa
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD-CERCA), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Martín-Satué
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413396.a0000 0004 1768 8905Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Boix
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.10403.36Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona/Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD-CERCA), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Torras
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR SJD-CERCA), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Intraductal Pancreatic Mucinous Neoplasms: A Tumor-Biology Based Approach for Risk Stratification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176386. [PMID: 32887490 PMCID: PMC7504137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal human cancers. Its precursor lesions include pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). IPMNs usually present as an incidental finding at imaging in 2.6% of the population and, according to the degree of dysplasia, they are classified as low- or high-grade lesions. Since the risk of malignant transformation is not accurately predictable, the management of these lesions is based on morphological and clinical parameters, such as presence of mural nodule, main pancreatic duct dilation, presence of symptoms, or high-grade dysplasia. Although the main genetic alterations associated to IPMNs have been elucidated, they are still not helpful for disease risk stratification. The growing body of genomic and epigenomic studies along with the more recent development of organotypic cultures provide the opportunity to improve our understanding of the malignant transformation process, which will likely deliver biomarkers to help discriminate between low- and high-risk lesions. Recent insights on the topic are herein summarized.
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25
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Kövesdi A, Kurucz PA, Nyírő G, Darvasi O, Patócs A, Butz H. Circulating miRNA Increases the Diagnostic Accuracy of Chromogranin A in Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092488. [PMID: 32887459 PMCID: PMC7565801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite its varying sensitivity and decreased specificity, chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely used biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. The most common factor affecting its diagnostic accuracy is the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Our aim was to investigate circulating miRNA expression profiles in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) and pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) to find miRNAs which could be used as biomarkers along with CgA in these patients. MiRNA expression profiles were determined with next generation sequencing and validated by quantitative real time PCR in 74 samples obtained from patients and healthy volunteers treated with PPI. We observed a global downregulation of miRNAs in NET compared to controls. A set of miRNAs in combination with CgA resulted in the best discrimination of pNET irrespective of PPI treatment and a combination of miRNAs increased the diagnostic utility of CgA even in pNET patients with low CgA. Abstract Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely accepted biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) but its diagnostic accuracy is dependent on tumor type and the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). We investigated the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs along with CgA in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). 74 serum samples from patients with pNET (n = 25, nonfunctioning), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL, n = 20), healthy individuals with normal CgA (n = 29) including 10 samples from 5 healthy individuals with and without current PPI treatment were collected. MiRNA expression profiles were determined using next-generation sequencing, followed by validation with individual TaqMan assays. A global downregulation of miRNAs was observed in patients with NET compared to controls. MiRNA expression of 33 miRNAs was able to discriminate tumor samples from controls. No miRNA alone could be considered as an applicable biomarker for pNET or PPGL. However, using a logistic model, the combination of a set of miRNAs increased the discriminatory role of CgA irrespective of PPI treatment. In pNET patients with normal CgA level our regression model yielded high (89.4%) diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.904, sensitivity: 66.6%, specificity: 96.5%). A set of miRNAs increased the diagnostic utility of CgA in pNET even in patients with low CgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Kövesdi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Petra Anna Kurucz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Gábor Nyírő
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ottó Darvasi
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Henriett Butz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
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