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Ren J, Ren Y, Mu Y, Zhang L, Chen B, Li S, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Li S, Liu W, Cui Y, Li X. Microbial imbalance in Chinese children with diarrhea or constipation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13516. [PMID: 38866797 PMCID: PMC11169388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea and constipation are common health concerns in children. Numerous studies have identified strong association between gut microbiota and digestive-related diseases. But little is known about the gut microbiota that simultaneously affects both diarrhea and constipation or their potential regulatory mechanisms. Stool samples from 618 children (66 diarrhea, 138 constipation, 414 healthy controls) aged 0-3 years were collected to investigate gut microbiota changes using 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared with healthy, children with diarrhea exhibited a significant decrease in microbial diversity, while those with constipation showed a marked increase (p < 0.05). Significantly, our results firstly Ruminococcus increased in constipation (p = 0.03) and decreased in diarrhea (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. Pathway analysis revealed that Ruminococcus highly involved in the regulation of five common pathways (membrane transport, nervous system, energy metabolism, signal transduction and endocrine system pathways) between diarrhea and constipation, suggesting a potential shared regulatory mechanism. Our finding firstly reveals one core microorganisms that may affect the steady balance of the gut in children with diarrhea or constipation, providing an important reference for potential diagnosis and treatment of constipation and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Dr. Cuiyutao Healthcare Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Coyote Diagnostics Lab (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Binghan Chen
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qinyi Fang
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kejian Zhang
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sabrina Li
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yutao Cui
- Dr. Cuiyutao Healthcare Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Coyote Bioscience (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
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Cheng JH, Li J, Sun DW. In vivo biological analysis of cold plasma on allergenicity reduction of tropomyosin in shrimp. Food Chem 2024; 432:137210. [PMID: 37659333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In vivo biological regulations of the allergenicity of tropomyosin (TM) treated by cold plasma (CP) were investigated by in vivo mouse model. The sensitization models of Balb/c mice were successfully established. CP treatment reduced the allergic symptoms of mice and regulated the Th1/Th2 balance to prevent allergy by activating Treg cells, which was deduced by serum and cytokines analysis. For intestinal flora analysis, allergy occurrence was accompanied by the decreased species abundance and the increased species diversity of intestinal flora. The significant species composition difference between the TM group and the PBS group showed a possible connection between bacterial diversity and allergy. Furthermore, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Parabacteroides, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae could relate to allergy occurrence. Intestinal section analysis suggested that allergy occurrence was accompanied by the damaged intestinal structure, and CP treatment could relieve the damage caused by an allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jilin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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3
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Fang XH, Liu Y, Huang YB, Ke ZL, Wang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhou JH, Su HT, Chen N, Liu YL. The oral bacterial microbiota facilitates the stratification for ulcerative colitis patients with oral ulcers. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:99. [PMID: 37946238 PMCID: PMC10633958 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, a large part of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is complicated by oral lesions. Although previous studies proved oral microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients, the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of those IBD patients combined with oral ulcers has not been profiled yet. METHODS In this study, we enrolled four groups of subjects, including healthy controls (CON), oral ulcer patients (OU), and ulcerative colitis patients with (UC_OU) and without (UC) oral ulcers. Bio-samples from three GI niches containing salivary, buccal, and fecal samples, were collected for 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. Bacterial abundance and related bio-functions were compared, and data showed that the fecal microbiota was more potent than salivary and buccal microbes in shaping the host immune system. ~ 22 UC and 10 UC_OU 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) routine treated patients were followed-up for six months; according to their treatment response (a decrease in the endoscopic Mayo score), they were further sub-grouped as responding and non-responding patients. RESULTS We found those UC patients complicated with oral ulcers presented weaker treatment response, and three oral bacterial genera, i.e., Fusobacterium, Oribacterium, and Campylobacter, might be connected with treatment responding. Additionally, the salivary microbiome could be an indicator of treatment responding in 5-ASA routine treatment rather than buccal or fecal ones. CONCLUSIONS The fecal microbiota had a strong effect on the host's immune indices, while the oral bacterial microbiota could help stratification for ulcerative colitis patients with oral ulcers. Additionally, the oral microbiota had the potential role in reflecting the treatment response of UC patients. Three oral bacteria genera (Fusobacterium, Oribacterium, and Campylobacter) might be involved in UC patients with oral ulcers lacking treatment responses, and monitoring oral microbiota may be meaningful in assessing the therapeutic response in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi-Bo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zi-Liang Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hui-Ting Su
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Olyaiee A, Yadegar A, Mirsamadi ES, Sadeghi A, Mirjalali H. Profiling of the fecal microbiota and circulating microRNA-16 in IBS subjects with Blastocystis infection : a case-control study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:483. [PMID: 37932792 PMCID: PMC10626746 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorder. Although the main reason for IBS is not clear, the interaction between intestinal microorganisms and the gut barrier seems to play an important role in pathogenesis of IBS. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Blastocystis on the gut microbiota profile and the circulation levels of microRNA (mir)-16 of IBS patients compared to healthy subjects. Stool and blood samples were collected from 80 participants including 40 samples from each IBS and healthy group. Upon DNA extraction from stool samples, barcoding region and quantitative real-time PCR were analyzed to investigate Blastocystis and the microbiota profile, respectively. RNA was extracted from serum samples of included subjects and the expression of mir-16 was evaluated using stem-loop protocol and qreal-time PCR. Significant changes between IBS patients and healthy controls was observed in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Faecalibacterium, and Alistipes. In IBS patients, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria was directly correlated with the presence of Blastocystis, while Alistipes was decreased with Blastocystis. Lactobacillus was significantly increased in Blastocystis carriers. In healthy subjects, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria was decreased, but Alistipes was increased in Blastocystis carriers. The changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was not significant in different groups. The relative expression of mir-16 in Blastocystis-negative IBS patients and healthy carriers was significantly overexpressed compared to control group. The presence of Blastocystis, decreased the relative expression of mir-16 in IBS patients compared to Blastocystis-negative IBS patients. The present study revealed that Blastocystis has the ability to change the abundance of some phyla/genera of bacteria in IBS and healthy subjects. Moreover, Blastocystis seems to modulate the relative expression of microRNAs to control the gut atmosphere, apply its pathogenicity, and provide a favor niche for its colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Olyaiee
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Soussou S, Jablaoui A, Mariaule V, Kriaa A, Boudaya H, Wysocka M, Amouri A, Gargouri A, Lesner A, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine proteases and metalloproteases are highly increased in irritable bowel syndrome Tunisian patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17571. [PMID: 37845280 PMCID: PMC10579243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are involved in many biological processes and are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathology. An increase in serine protease activity has been widely reported in IBS patients. While most of the studies focused on host proteases, the contribution of microbial proteases are poorly studied. In the present study, we report the analysis of proteolytic activities in fecal samples from the first Tunisian cohort of IBS-M patients and healthy individuals. We demonstrated, for the first time, that metalloproteases activities were fourfold higher in fecal samples of IBS patients compared to controls. Of interest, the functional characterization of serine protease activities revealed a 50-fold increase in trypsin-like activities and a threefold in both elastase- and cathepsin G-like activities. Remarkably, we also showed a fourfold increase in proteinase 3-like activity in the case of IBS. This study also provides insight into the alteration of gut microbiota and its potential role in proteolytic modulation in IBS. Our results stressed the impact of the disequilibrium of serine proteases, metalloproteases and gut microbiota in IBS and the need of the further characterization of these targets to set out new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha Soussou
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Houda Boudaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Ali Amouri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute-UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Rueda-Ruzafa L, Roman P, Cardona D, Requena M, Ropero-Padilla C, Alarcón R. Environmental pesticide exposure and the risk of irritable bowel syndrome: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104076. [PMID: 36754128 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural model in southern Spain is highly productive, mainly due to the intensive cultivation under plastic. Despite strict pesticide regulation, human exposure to pesticides in the environment has been connected to an increase in diseases such as celiac disease. Certain pesticides have also been associated to the disruption of the intestinal microbiota, which has been tied to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A case-control study was conducted in Andalusia, south Spain, to assess the prevalence and risk of IBS related to pesticide exposure. This research found a high prevalence of IBS in Andalusia between 2000 and 2021 in areas with high pesticide exposure using agronomic criteria. Furthermore, the odds ratio for IBS was significantly higher in the population with high pesticide exposure. This study suggests that pesticides may be involved in IBS, whereas more research is needed to determine the role of pesticides in IBS symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Pablo Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
| | - Diana Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
| | - Mar Requena
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ropero-Padilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
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Tang B, Hu Y, Chen J, Su C, Zhang Q, Huang C. Oral and fecal microbiota in patients with diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13114. [PMID: 36711269 PMCID: PMC9880401 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at investigating the characteristics and correlation between oral (tongue coating) and fecal microbiota in patients with diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods Fifty-two IBS-D patients were chosen, with ten healthy volunteers serving as the normal control group. Tongue coating samples and fecal samples of subjects were sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V4-V5). Bioinformatics analysis was done on the test data to investigate oral and fecal microbiota composition characteristics in IBS-D patients. Results The microbial richness of tongue coating in IBS-D group was lower than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The beta diversity of tongue coating microbiota and fecal microbiota was significantly different in the IBS-D group compared to the normal control group (P < 0.05). Pseudomonadales (Pseudomonadaceae and Pseudomonas), Moraxellaceae, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Alloprevotella were considerably high in number the tongue coating samples of the IBS-D group in comparison to the normal control group. Similarly, the fecal samples from the IBS-D group were significantly enriched in Alphaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales (Pseudomonadaceae and Pseudomonas), Acidaminococcaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Escherichia compared to the normal control group. Conclusions The oral and fecal microbiotas of IBS-D patients differ from those of the control group; hence studying IBS-D from the perspective of the oral-gut microbiome axis is an interesting research avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Tang
- Second Outpatient Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China,Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chengxia Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author. First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China,First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Yao C, Li Y, Luo L, Xie F, Xiong Q, Li T, Yang C, Feng PM. Significant Differences in Gut Microbiota Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea and Healthy Controls in Southwest China. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:106-127. [PMID: 35503487 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous disease, which is closely related to environmental factors and gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE To study gut microbiota in IBS-D of Han nationality in Southwest China and explore its relationship with environmental factors. METHODS One hundred and twenty cases of IBS-D and 63 cases of HCs were recruited; baseline data such as age, height, and weight were collected. HAMA, HAMD, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, and laboratory tests were performed. Feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Then, the differences of gut microbiota were analyzed and looked for biomarkers of each. FAPROTAX was used to predict the functional differences of gut microbiota. Spearman analysis was conducted between the phylum level and environmental factor. RESULTS There were significant differences in daily life between IBS-D and HCs, especially in the spicy taste. The scores of HAMA and HAMD, urea, and transaminase in IBS-D were significantly higher than those of HCs. The richness of gut microbiota in IBS-D was significantly lower than that of HCs, as well as the beta diversity, but not diversity. The biomarkers of IBS-D were Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Roseburia, and the biomarkers of HCs were Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides coprocola, and Bifidobacteriales. The functions of gut microbiota in IBS-D were significantly different from HCs. Correlation analysis showed that multiple gut microbiota were closely related to HAMA, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, inflammatory indexes, and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION There are significant differences in richness of gut microbiota, flora structure, and flora function between IBS-D and HCs in Southwest China. These differences may be closely related to environmental factors such as eating habits, living habits, and mental and psychological factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered and approved in China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2100045751).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiao Yao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihong Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengjiao Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tinglin Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei-Min Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Bonetto S, Boano V, Valenzi E, Saracco GM, Pellicano R. Non-pharmacological strategies to treat irritable bowel syndrome: 2022 update. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:475-481. [PMID: 36507830 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with changes in stool frequency or form, in absence of organic disease. The treatment of IBS is often challenging and should be individually adjusted according to the prevalent symptomatology. Pharmacological treatment for IBS with diarrhea includes peripheral opioid agonists, bile acid sequestrants and antibiotics, while IBS with constipation can be treated with soluble fibers, osmotic agents or prokinetics. In case of abdominal pain, the available pharmacological options are antispasmodics, peripheral opioid agonists or antidepressants. Along with pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions should be considered as they can play an important role in symptom control. The first-line approach includes lifestyle modifications and dietary advice. Microbiota manipulation through probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics is a widely used strategy, although the evidence upon the most effective among these in specific IBS subtypes is still unclear. Fecal microbiota transplantation is still in experimental phase for IBS, but it is giving promising results. Psychological therapies may be effective in patients with IBS, despite their application can be limited by long duration, high costs and poor patient's acceptance. Alternative medicine approaches, such as acupuncture, body relaxation techniques, dietary supplements or Chinese herbs, have been proposed; however, the evidence upon their efficacy and safety is still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonetto
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Valentina Boano
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Emiliano Valenzi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Saracco
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Effect of Isoleucine and Added Valine on Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Gut Microbiota Composition of Pigs Fed with Very Low Protein Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314886. [PMID: 36499225 PMCID: PMC9740036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known whether a combination Ile and added Val improves the growth of pigs offered very low protein (VLP) diets through changes in nutrients digestibility and gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of Val above and Ile at NRC levels on growth, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota in pigs fed with VLP diets. Forty, weaned piglets were assigned to: positive control: normal-protein-diet; negative control (NC): VLP diet supplemented with first four limiting amino acids; VA: NC with Val above NRC; IL: NC with Ile at NRC level; VAIL: NC with Val above and Ile at NRC levels. While both VAIL and VA groups completely recovered the inhibitory effects of VLP diets on feed intake, only VAIL partially recovered the negative effects of VLP diets on growth performance. VAIL and VA increased the thermal radiation and decreased the digestibility of nitrogen. NC increased the relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in the colon. VAIL had a higher abundance of colonic Actinobacteria, Enterococcus, and Brevibacillus and the colon content of VA was more enriched with Mogibacterium. Overall, VAIL partially improved the growth performance which is likely linked with alterations in gut microbiota composition.
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12
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Iribarren C, Nordlander S, Sundin J, Isaksson S, Savolainen O, Törnblom H, Magnusson MK, Simrén M, Öhman L. Fecal luminal factors from patients with irritable bowel syndrome induce distinct gene expression of colonoids. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14390. [PMID: 35485994 PMCID: PMC9786662 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration of the host-microbiota cross talk at the intestinal barrier may participate in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, we aimed to determine effects of fecal luminal factors from IBS patients on the colonic epithelium using colonoids. METHODS Colon-derived organoid monolayers, colonoids, generated from a healthy subject, underwent stimulation with fecal supernatants from healthy subjects and IBS patients with predominant diarrhea, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokines in cell cultures and fecal LPS were measured by ELISA and mRNA gene expression of monolayers was analyzed using Qiagen RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. The fecal microbiota profile was determined by the GA-map™ dysbiosis test and the fecal metabolite profile was analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Colonoid monolayers stimulated with fecal supernatants from healthy subjects (n = 7), PBS (n = 4) or LPS (n = 3) presented distinct gene expression profiles, with some overlap (R2 Y = 0.70, Q2 = 0.43). Addition of fecal supernatants from healthy subjects and IBS patients (n = 9) gave rise to different gene expression profiles of the colonoid monolayers (R2 Y = 0.79, Q2 = 0.64). Genes (n = 22) related to immune response (CD1D, TLR5) and barrier integrity (CLDN15, DSC2) contributed to the separation. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in colonoid monolayer cultures were comparable when stimulated with fecal supernatants from either donor types. Fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles, but not LPS content, differed between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Fecal luminal factors from IBS patients induce a distinct colonic epithelial gene expression, potentially reflecting the disease pathophysiology. The culture of colonoids from healthy subjects with fecal supernatants from IBS patients may facilitate the exploration of IBS related intestinal micro-environmental and barrier interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Iribarren
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sofia Nordlander
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Stefan Isaksson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry InfrastructureDepartment of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Center for Functional GI and Motility DisordersUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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13
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Olyaiee A, Sadeghi A, Yadegar A, Mirsamadi ES, Mirjalali H. Gut Microbiota Shifting in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Mysterious Role of Blastocystis sp. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:890127. [PMID: 35795640 PMCID: PMC9251125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.890127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder, which its causative agent is not completely clear; however, the interaction between microorganisms and gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells plays a critical role in the development of IBS and presenting symptoms. During recent decades, many studies have highlighted the high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in patients with IBS and suggested a probable role for this protist in this disease. Recent studies have documented changes in the gut microbiota composition in patients with IBS regarding the presence of Blastocystis sp., but it is not clear that either disturbance of the gut during GI disorders is a favorable condition for Blastocystis sp. colonization or the presence of this protist may lead to alteration in the gut microbiota in IBS patients. In this review, we comprehensively gather and discuss scientific findings covering the role of Blastocystis sp. in IBS via gut microbiota shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Olyaiee
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils and protease on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:39-48. [PMID: 35949988 PMCID: PMC9344314 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils (EO) and protease (PRO), independently or in combination, on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs. One hundred and sixty weaned pigs (21 d of age, BW of 6.74 ± 0.20 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments included the following: 1) control diet (CON), 2) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils (EO), 3) CON with 500 mg/kg protease (PRO), 4) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oil and 500 mg/kg protease (EO + PRO). On d 8, one pig from each pen was selected for sampling. The remaining pigs were fed for an additional week and growth performance was monitored during this period. Dietary treatments had no marked effects (P > 0.05) on the growth performance of pigs. However, pigs receiving EO diet had higher (P < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and tended to decrease (P = 0.063) serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, pigs receiving EO diet had higher (P < 0.05) abundances of phylum Actinobacteria, and genera Bifidobacterium, and lower (P < 0.05) phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Alloprevotella in colonic digesta. Pigs receiving PRO diet decreased (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and diamine oxidase activity, increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum, increased sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa, and also increased the abundance of phylum Actinobacteria in colonic digesta. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of EO and PRO was observed (P < 0.05) for pigs with decreasing serum TNF-α concentration and increasing serum GSH-Px activity. Collectively, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of EO and PRO had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned pigs. EO diet appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota, while PRO diet improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity, and there was a synergistic effect of EO and PRO on reducing inflammatory parameters in weaned pigs.
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15
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Zhu LY, Huang BW, Zhang XL, Zhu N. Progress in application of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:375-380. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i8.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain accompanied by changes in defecation frequency and/or stool characteristics. The global incidence of IBS is increasing year by year. Intestinal symptoms caused by IBS (such as constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension) and accompanying changes in general nervous system function can significantly reduce patients' quality of life and work efficiency, and lead to high medical costs. Therefore, finding safe, effective, and economical treatments has become a hot research topic in recent years. Studies have shown that the intestinal flora of patients with IBS is different from that of healthy subjects, and regulating the intestinal flora can treat IBS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application and recent progress of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of IBS by regulating the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yan Zhu
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing-Wu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Liang Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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16
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Effects of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection on the Flora Composition, Function, and Content of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Calf Feces. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080959. [PMID: 35454206 PMCID: PMC9028710 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Calf diarrhea caused by bacteria usually begins to occur 2–3 d after birth. The main pathogenic bacteria are Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfringens. Pathogenic E. coli is the main bacterium that causes diarrhea in calves. It invades the body of calves and releases enteric toxins that cause diarrhea. The incidence of calf diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli O1 can reach 60–70%, even as high as 90–100% in large-scale calf farms, and the mortality rate can reach over 50%. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea are extremely important. We established a calf diarrhea model by artificially intervening in the colonization of intestinal microbial flora and studied the influence of pathogenic E. coli on the composition, function, and short-chain fatty acid content of calf feces. Our research shows that pathogenic E. coli O1 can significantly reduce the abundance and diversity of calf intestinal microflora, increase harmful bacteria, reduce the colonization of beneficial bacteria, and reduce the short-chain fatty acid content in feces. Abstract Calf diarrhea caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of death in calves, with a mortality rate of over 50%. It is crucial to understand the pathogenesis and development of calf diarrhea for its prevention and treatment. We aimed to study the effect of pathogenic E. coli on the flora composition, function, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content of calf feces using a calf diarrhea model. Sixty-four newborn Holstein calves (40–43 kg) were divided into a normal group (NG; n = 32) and a test group (TG; n = 32). At the beginning of the experiment, the TG were orally administered pathogenic E. coli O1 (2.5 × 1011 CFU/mL, 100 mL) to establish a calf diarrhea model, and the NG were orally administered the same amount of physiological saline solution. The calves of the two groups were subjected to the same feeding and management. Fresh feces samples were collected at different time points and subjected to 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine the fecal microbial composition and SCFA content. Pathogenic E. coli O1 significantly altered microbiotas composition in the feces of calves, increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing that of Firmicutes. It also led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and a decrease in Lactobacillus, as well as significantly decreased SCFA content. Therefore, we postulate that pathogenic E. coli induces calf diarrhea by causing intestinal florae imbalance and reducing the content of SCFA.
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17
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Hu J, Zuo J, Li J, Zhang Y, Ai X, Zhang J, Gong D, Sun D. Effects of secondary polyethylene microplastic exposure on crucian (Carassius carassius) growth, liver damage, and gut microbiome composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149736. [PMID: 34464809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been found in the natural environment and even in the organs of fish, which is attracting worldwide attention. In this study, agricultural film was milled to simulate secondary polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) to evaluate their effect and toxicity on the growth, liver damage, and gut microbiome composition of crucian (Carassius carassius), a common freshwater fish, after 30 days of feed exposure. Three fish feed treatments with different PE-MPs concentrations, low, medium, and high, whose PE-MPs intake was 6.38, 12.18, and 22.33 mg MPs/fish/day, respectively, were used. The results indicated that crucian growth was promoted in the low and medium PE-MPs groups due to the increase in Firmicutes and decrease in Bacteroidetes, probably resulting in obesity and lipid accumulation, while the growth rate of crucians in the high PE-MPs group showed a clear downward trend. Severe liver damage was observed in PE-MPs-treated groups. Disordered liver tissue and necrosis of pancreatic acinar epithelial cells were observed in the medium and high PE-MPs groups compared with those of the control group. The gut microbiome composition of crucians showed significant alteration, and some harmful bacteria were found in the gut following PE-MPs exposure. Alpha diversity indices revealed that the diversity of the gut microbiome rose markedly in the low, medium, and high PE-MPs groups. This study suggests that MPs adversely affect crucian growth and health, with increased disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Ai
- Qingke Zhilian Environmental Science Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Qingke Zhilian Environmental Science Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Dahui Gong
- Qingke Zhilian Environmental Science Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Dingming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710000, China
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18
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Sultan S, El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, Ahmed TAE, Hassan H, Mottawea W. Metabolic Influences of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715506. [PMID: 34646151 PMCID: PMC8502967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic medical disorders characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation. While the etiology of IBD is still unknown, the pathogenesis of the disease results from perturbations in both gut microbiota and the host immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBD is characterized by depleted diversity, reduced abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and enriched proinflammatory microbes such as adherent/invasive E. coli and H2S producers. This dysbiosis may contribute to the inflammation through affecting either the immune system or a metabolic pathway. The immune responses to gut microbiota in IBD are extensively discussed. In this review, we highlight the main metabolic pathways that regulate the host-microbiota interaction. We also discuss the reported findings indicating that the microbial dysbiosis during IBD has a potential metabolic impact on colonocytes and this may underlie the disease progression. Moreover, we present the host metabolic defectiveness that adds to the impact of symbiont dysbiosis on the disease progression. This will raise the possibility that gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with IBD results in functional perturbations of host-microbiota interactions, and consequently modulates the disease development. Finally, we shed light on the possible therapeutic approaches of IBD through targeting gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Sultan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed El-Mowafy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Tamer A E Ahmed
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hebatoallah Hassan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment: A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081154. [PMID: 34439821 PMCID: PMC8412098 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is not a life-threatening disease, yet it significantly affects the quality of life and contributes to economic loss. It is estimated that even up to 45% of the world's population can suffer from the disease. The first attempts to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome were made at the end of the 19th century; however, establishing appropriate diagnostic criteria and treatment methods is still ongoing. To date, little is known about the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome; however, growing attention is drawn to the intestinal microbiota as a factor in the disease development. For this reason, researchers have conducted many studies on therapies that modulate the microbiota, among which probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are widely studied. To date, most studies have examined probiotics; however, there are also several studies demonstrating the efficacy of prebiotics and synbiotics. The aim of this review was to summarize findings on the usefulness of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
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