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Yang M, Liu Y, Miura KW, Matsumoto M, Jiao D, Zhu Z, Li X, Cui M, Zhang J, Qian M, Huang L, Anme T. Identification and prediction of frailty among community-dwelling older Japanese adults based on Bayesian network analysis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2141. [PMID: 39113011 PMCID: PMC11304620 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a multifactorial syndrome; through this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological, psychological, and social factors associated with frailty and frailty worsening in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study using data from the "Community Empowerment and Well-Being and Healthy Long-term Care: Evidence from a Cohort Study (CEC)," which focuses on community dwellers aged 65 and above in Japan. The sample of the cross-sectional study was drawn from a CEC study conducted in 2014 with a total of 673 participants. After excluding those who were frail during the baseline assessment (2014) and at the 3-year follow-up (2017), the study included 373 participants. Frailty assessment was extracted from the Kihon Checklist, while social relationships were assessed using the Social Interaction Index (ISI). Variable selection was performed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and their predictive abilities were tested. Factors associated with frailty status and worsening were identified through the Maximum-min Hillclimb algorithm applied to Bayesian networks (BNs). RESULTS At baseline, 14.1% (95 out of 673) participants were frail, and 24.1% (90 out of 373) participants experienced frailty worsening at the 3-years follow up. LASSO regression identified key variables for frailty. For frailty identification (cross-sectional), the LASSO model's AUC was 0.943 (95%CI 0.913-0.974), indicating good discrimination, with Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test p = 0.395. For frailty worsening (longitudinal), the LASSO model's AUC was 0.722 (95%CI 0.656-0.788), indicating moderate discrimination, with H-L test p = 0.26. The BNs found that age, multimorbidity, function status, and social relationships were parent nodes directly related to frailty. It revealed an 85% probability of frailty in individuals aged 75 or older with physical dysfunction, polypharmacy, and low ISI scores; however, if their social relationships and polypharmacy status improve, the probability reduces to 50.0%. In the longitudinal-level frailty worsening model, a 75% probability of frailty worsening in individuals aged 75 or older with declined physical function and ISI scores was noted; however, if physical function and ISI improve, the probability decreases to 25.0%. CONCLUSION Frailty and its progression are prevalent among community-dwelling older adults and are influenced by various factors, including age, physical function, and social relationships. BNs facilitate the identification of interrelationships among these variables, quantify the influence of key factors. However, further research is required to validate the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Yang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery. Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Dandan Jiao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- College of Child Development and Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Mingyu Cui
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Meiling Qian
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lujiao Huang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Tokie Anme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058577, Japan.
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Du J, Zhang M, Zeng J, Han J, Duan T, Song Q, Yang J, Wu Y. Frailty trajectories and determinants in Chinese older adults: A longitudinal study. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:131-138. [PMID: 39002503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to enrich the research on frailty trajectories by using FRAIL scale and frailty index (FI), and analyze the determinants of the different trajectories in older Chinese. METHODS 2268 older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included. The FRAIL scale was constructed from 5 items and FI was constructed from 39 deficits. Latent Class Trajectory Model was used to depict frailty trajectories. Lasso - logistic model was applied to exploration of influencing factors. RESULTS Four FRAIL trajectories and three FI trajectories were identified. Women, smoking, illiteracy, more than two chronic diseases, and poor instrumental activities of daily living (all p < 0.05) were associated with frailty trajectories, regardless of the frailty instrument employed. CONCLUSIONS Frailty trajectories of older Chinese adults are diverse and they are influenced by different frailty measurement tools. Long-term assessment and management of frailty are recommended as routine care in community healthcare centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolan Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junde Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Xu L, Wang Y, Ji H, Du W, You C, Chen J, Jiang J, Shan Y, Pan Q, Cao R. Frailty and risk of systemic atherosclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304300. [PMID: 38781179 PMCID: PMC11115302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous observational studies have reported an association between frailty and atherosclerosis. However, the causal relationship between frailty and the occurrence of atherosclerosis in different anatomical sites remains unclear. we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal relationship between the frailty index (FI), and both systemic atherosclerosis and lipids. METHODS We obtained summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of various phenotypes, including frailty (n = 175,226), coronary atherosclerosis (n = 56,685), cerebral atherosclerosis (n = 150,765), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (n = 361,194), atherosclerosis at other sites (n = 17,832), LDL-C (n = 201,678), HDL-C (n = 77,409), and triglycerides (n = 78,700). The primary MR analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Furthermore, to assess reverse causality, we employed inverse MR and multivariate MR analysis. RESULTS Genetically predicted FI showed positive associations with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.12-1.93) and cerebral atherosclerosis (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.05-3.78), with no significant association (p >0.05) applied to peripheral arterial disease and atherosclerosis at other sites. Genetically predicted FI was positively associated with the risk of triglycerides (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.59), negatively associated with the risk of LDL-C (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.97), and showed no significant association with the risk of HDL-C (p >0.05). Furthermore, both reverse MR and multivariate MR analyses demonstrated a correlation between systemic atherosclerosis, lipids, and increased FI. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated that genetically predicted FI is associated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis and cerebral atherosclerosis by the MR analysis method, and they have a bidirectional causal relationship. Moreover, genetically predicted FI was causally associated with triglyceride and LDL-C levels. Further understanding of this association is crucial for optimizing medical practice and care models specifically tailored to frail populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liugang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhui You
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yisi Shan
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Fang D, Luo Y, Wang C, Wan L, Cao Y, Xin H, Ding H. A large cross sectional study on diaper utilization and beneficial role in outdoor activity and emotions among incontinence elderly people. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6358. [PMID: 38491120 PMCID: PMC10943191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was designed based on a cross-sectional investigation conducted Shanghai, China. Demographic characteristics, diaper utilization, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and emotion were collected by Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. Cognition function was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. The diaper utilization rate was 31.2%. Female, higher level of education, poorer ADL and cognition, more severe incontinence and financial dependence on others were facilitating factors for diaper usage (P < 0.05). The possibility of using diaper differed according to the intimacy of caregivers. Among incontinent individuals with relatively good ADL and cognition level, diaper utilization can significantly decrease the risk of going out only once a month (OR: 2.63 vs 4.05), and going out less than once a month (OR: 5.32 vs 6.53). Incontinence people who going out at least once a week had a lower risk of some negative emotion. Significantly, diaper utilization further decreased this risk. In conclusion, for incontinence elderly people with relatively independent ability, proper use of diaper may improve the frequency of outdoor activity and emotion. Nevertheless, diaper utilization should be decided based on elderly people's own will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Zhang
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Luo
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Changying Wang
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshan Wan
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Xin
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hansheng Ding
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center (Shanghai Medical Information Center), Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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Chehrehgosha M, Sharifi A, Meftah AM, Maleki H, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Baharifar H, Khoshnevisan K, Sharifi F. Demographic and biological factors in interrelationships between physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Data from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS). Maturitas 2024; 181:107905. [PMID: 38237276 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Complex interrelationships may exist among different types of frailty. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and biological factors that influence the different types of frailty in community-dwelling older adults in Iran through a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study. This study is an ongoing cohort study of people aged 60 years and over and employed a multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Anthropometric measures were obtained by nurses. The "Fried frailty phenotype" was defined as physical frailty. Cognitive frailty was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Social frailty was evaluated by some questions, and psychological frailty was assessed using a patient health questionnaire. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata12 (Texas, USA) and Python. Some type of frailty had been experienced by 62.27 % of the older adults. Cognitive frailty was the dominant type of frailty (55.69 %). Based on multivariate regression analysis, age, sex, education, and marital status were the influencing factors in all types of frailty. Network analysis revealed that physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty had synergistic effects on each other, and age and sex had dominant interactions with frailty types. Cognitive frailty was dominant compared with other types of frailty, indicating the need to detect cognitive frailty at the earliest stage and to implement an appropriate program to manage cognitive frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chehrehgosha
- Department of Surgical Technology, Paramedical School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran; Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi
- Master of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Maleki
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713137, Iran.
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Hirose T, Sawaya Y, Ishizaka M, Hashimoto N, Kubo A, Urano T. Prevalence and factors associated with changes in frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study from 2020 to 2022. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:40-47. [PMID: 38009433 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of frailty during the pandemic and to determine factors associated with changes in frailty status. METHODS In May-June of 2020-2022, we assessed the frailty of 549 participants using the Kihon Checklist. Furthermore, we classified participant residences as urban, suburban, and rural and investigated participants' engagement in hobbies and community activities in 2020 and 2022. Cochran's Q test was used to analyze the proportions of frailty status. Subsequently, we conducted a binomial logistic regression analysis with the improvement/deterioration of frailty status from 2020 to 2022 as the dependent variable, and engagement in hobbies and community activities as the independent variables. RESULTS Significant changes were observed among participants in urban areas, where an increase in pre-frailty and a decrease in robust individuals from 2020 to 2021 were noted. Focusing on item no. 17 (going out), the decreasing frequency had recovered by 2022 in the group of all groups. Continued engagement in only hobbies or only community activities, and continued engagement in both were associated with remained robust/frailty-status improvement. Moreover, not engaging in either hobbies or community activities was associated with remained frail/frailty-status deterioration. CONCLUSIONS During the early stages, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the frailty of older adults in densely populated areas. The results also suggest an attenuation in the decline in older adult activity in 2022. Continuous engagement in hobbies and community activities was crucial for improving and preventing deterioration in frailty status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 40-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hirose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
| | - Yohei Sawaya
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Odawara, International University of Health and Welfare, Odawara, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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Yuan Y, Chen S, Lin C, Huang X, Lin S, Huang F, Zhu P. Association of triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and frailty in urban older residents: evidence from the 10-year follow-up in a cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:264. [PMID: 37775740 PMCID: PMC10542691 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is an age-related geriatric syndrome that leads to a series of clinically negative events. A better understanding of the factors associated with frailty assists in preventing its progression. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple alternative index of insulin resistance, has not yet been proven to be associated with frailty. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and its trajectory with frailty from a cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective level based on an ongoing cohort. METHODS This longitudinal study included 1,866 older residents from the "Fujian prospective aging cohort" (ChiCTR 2,000,032,949). The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) ╳ fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2] and group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was applied to identify the trajectory of TyG index. The association between different trajectory groups of TyG index with frailty risk were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analysis, the highest quartile of the TyG index was associated with an increased risk of frailty (TyG index Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.00-2.25, P = 0.048). Restricted cubic splines demonstrated an increasing trend for TyG index and frailty risk. During a follow-up of ten years, three distinct trajectories of the TyG index were identified: low-stable (n = 697, 38.3%), moderate-stable (n = 910, 50.0%) and high-stable (n = 214, 11.7%). Compared with those in the stable-low group of TyG index trajectory, the ORs (95% CI) of prefrailty and frailty risk were 1.79 (95% CI 1.11-2.88) and 2.17 (95% CI 1.01-3.88) for the high-stable group, respectively (P = 0.017 and P = 0.038). In the subgroup analysis, the association of the high-stable trajectory of TyG and frailty status were only observed in subjects with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2. Prospectively, the highest quartile of the TyG index was associated with a 2.09-fold significantly increased risk of one-year ADL/IADL decline (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a potential role for a high and sustainable level of TyG index in the risk of frailty. The trajectories of the TyG index can help to identify older individuals at a higher risk of frailty who deserve primitive preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Chunjin Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyang Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
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