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Chen C, Martins M, Nooruzzaman M, Yettapu D, Diel DG, Reinhart JM, Urbasic A, Robinson H, Varga C, Fang Y. Spatial and temporal clustering of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats, 2021-2023. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299388. [PMID: 38696456 PMCID: PMC11065222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and spatial and temporal clustering of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household cats within 63 counties in Illinois from October 2021 to May 2023. The analysis followed a stepwise approach. First, in a choropleth point map, we illustrated the distribution of county-level seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Next, spatial interpolation was used to predict the seroprevalence in counties without recorded data. Global and local clustering methods were used to identify the extent of clustering and the counties with high or low seroprevalence, respectively. Next, temporal, spatial, and space-time scan statistic was used to identify periods and counties with higher-than-expected seroprevalence. In the last step, to identify more distinct areas in counties with high seroprevalence, city-level analysis was conducted to identify temporal and space-time clusters. Among 1,715 samples tested by serological assays, 244 samples (14%) tested positive. Young cats had higher seropositivity than older cats, and the third quarter of the year had the highest odds of seropositivity. Three county-level space-time clusters with higher-than-expected seroprevalence were identified in the northeastern, central-east, and southwest regions of Illinois, occurring between June and October 2022. In the city-level analysis, 2 space-time clusters were identified in Chicago's downtown and the southwestern suburbs of Chicago between June and September 2022. Our results suggest that the high density of humans and cats in large cities such as Chicago, might play a role in the transmission and clustering of SARS-CoV-2. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Illinois household cats, which will aid in COVID-19 control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dipankar Yettapu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Reinhart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Urbasic
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Veterinary Specialty Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Veterinary Specialty Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Grade pending: the effect of the New York City restaurant sanitary grades inspection program on Salmonellosis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Analysis of Spatial Distribution of CVD and Multiple Environmental Factors in Urban Residents. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:9799054. [PMID: 35341172 PMCID: PMC8942627 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9799054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious threat to urban health with the development of urbanization. There are multifaceted and comprehensive influencing factors for CVD, so clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics of CVD and multiple environmental influencing factors is conducive to improving the active health intervention of urban environment and promoting the sustainable development of cities The spatial distribution characteristics of CVD deaths in a certain district, Bengbu City, Huaihe River Basin, China, in 2019 were explored, and the correlation between multiple environmental factors and CVD mortality was investigated in this study, to reveal the action mechanism of multiple environmental factors affecting the risk of mortality. Relevant studies have shown that (1) CVD deaths are characterized as follows: male deaths are more than females; the mortality is higher in those of higher age; most of them are unemployed; cardiocerebral infarction is the main cause of death; and the deaths are mainly distributed in the central city and near the old urban area. (2) The increased CVD mortality can be attributed to the increased density of restaurants and cigarette and wine shops around the residential area, the increased traffic volume, the dense residential and spatial forms, the low green space coverage, and the distance from rivers. Therefore, appropriate urban planning and policies can improve the active health interventions in cities and reduce CVD mortality.
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Boudou M, Cleary E, ÓhAiseadha C, Garvey P, McKeown P, O'Dwyer J, Hynds P. Spatiotemporal epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Ireland, 2008-2017: development of a space-time "cluster recurrence" index. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:880. [PMID: 34454462 PMCID: PMC8401175 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ireland frequently reports the highest annual Crude Incidence Rates (CIRs) of cryptosporidiosis in the EU, with national CIRs up to ten times the EU average. Accordingly, the current study sought to examine the spatiotemporal trends associated with this potentially severe protozoan infection. Methods Overall, 4509 cases of infection from January 2008 to December 2017 were geo-referenced to a Census Small Area (SA), with an ensemble of geo-statistical approaches including seasonal decomposition, Local Moran’s I, and space–time scanning used to elucidate spatiotemporal patterns of infection. Results One or more confirmed cases were notified in 3413 of 18,641 Census SAs (18.3%), with highest case numbers occurring in the 0–5-year range (n = 2672, 59.3%). Sporadic cases were more likely male (OR 1.4) and rural (OR 2.4), with outbreak-related cases more likely female (OR 1.4) and urban (OR 1.5). Altogether, 55 space–time clusters (≥ 10 confirmed cases) of sporadic infection were detected, with three “high recurrence” regions identified; no large urban conurbations were present within recurrent clusters. Conclusions Spatiotemporal analysis represents an important indicator of infection patterns, enabling targeted epidemiological intervention and surveillance. Presented results may also be used to further understand the sources, pathways, receptors, and thus mechanisms of cryptosporidiosis in Ireland. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06598-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boudou
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Greenway Hub, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Republic of Ireland.
| | - E Cleary
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Greenway Hub, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Republic of Ireland
| | - C ÓhAiseadha
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE), Dr. Steevens' Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - P Garvey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25 Middle Gardiner Street, Dublin 1, Republic of Ireland
| | - P McKeown
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25 Middle Gardiner Street, Dublin 1, Republic of Ireland
| | - J O'Dwyer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute (ERI), University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.,Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul Hynds
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Greenway Hub, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Republic of Ireland. .,Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
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Spatial and space-time clustering and demographic characteristics of human nontyphoidal Salmonella infections with major serotypes in Toronto, Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235291. [PMID: 32609730 PMCID: PMC7329108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) causes a substantial health burden to human populations in Canada and worldwide. Exposure sources and demographic factors vary by location and can therefore have a major impact on salmonellosis clustering. We evaluated major NTS serotypes: S. Enteritidis (n = 620), S. Typhimurium (n = 150), S. Thompson (n = 138), and S. Heidelberg (n = 136) reported in the city of Toronto, Canada, between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. Cases were analyzed at the forward sortation area (FSA)—level (an area indicated by the first three characters of the postal code). Serotype-specific global and local clustering of infections were evaluated using the Moran's I method. Spatial and space-time clusters were investigated using Poisson and multinomial scan statistic models. Case-case analyses using a multinomial logistic regression model was conducted to compare seasonal and demographic factors among the different serotypes. High infection rate FSAs clustered in the central region of Toronto for S. Enteritidis, in the south-central region for S. Typhimurium, in north-west region for S. Thompson, and in the south-east region for S. Heidelberg. The relative risk ratio of S. Enteritidis infections was significantly higher in cases who reported travel outside of Ontario. The relative risk ratio of infections was significantly higher in summer for S. Typhimurium, and in fall for S. Thompson. The relative risk ratio of infection was highest for the 0–9 age group for S. Typhimurium, and the 20–39 age group for S. Heidelberg. Our study will aid public health stakeholders in designing serotype-specific geographically targeted disease prevention programs.
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Elson R, Davies TM, Jenkins C, Vivancos R, O'Brien SJ, Lake IR. Application of kernel smoothing to estimate the spatio-temporal variation in risk of STEC O157 in England. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2019; 32:100305. [PMID: 32007279 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2019.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Identifying geographical areas with significantly higher or lower rates of infectious diseases can provide important aetiological clues to inform the development of public health policy and interventions designed to reduce morbidity. We applied kernel smoothing to estimate the spatial and spatio-temporal variation in risk of STEC O157 infection in England between 2009 and 2015, and to explore differences between the residential locations of cases reporting travel and those not reporting travel. We provide evidence that the distribution of STEC O157 infection in England is non-uniform with respect to the distribution of the at-risk population; that the spatial distribution of the three main genetic lineages infecting humans (I, II and I/II) differs significantly and that the spatio-temporal risk is highly dynamic. Our results also indicate that cases of STEC O157 reporting travel within or outside the UK are more likely to live in the south/south-east of the country, meaning that their residential location may not reflect the location of exposure that led to their infection. We suggest that the observed variation in risk reflects exposure to sources of STEC O157 that are geographically prescribed. These differences may be related to a combination of changes in the strains circulating in the ruminant reservoir, animal movements (livestock, birds or wildlife) or the behavior of individuals prior to infection. Further work to identify the importance of behaviours and exposures reported by cases relative to residential location is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Elson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom.
| | - Tilman M Davies
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Claire Jenkins
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Vivancos
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J O'Brien
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, United Kingdom; Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Iain R Lake
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
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8
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Yuan M, Boston-Fisher N, Luo Y, Verma A, Buckeridge DL. A systematic review of aberration detection algorithms used in public health surveillance. J Biomed Inform 2019; 94:103181. [PMID: 31014979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The algorithms used for detecting anomalies have evolved substantially over the last decade to take advantage of advances in informatics and to accommodate changes in surveillance data. We identified 145 studies since 2007 that evaluated statistical methods used to detect aberrations in public health surveillance data. For each study, we classified the analytic methods and reviewed the evaluation metrics. We also summarized the practical usage of the detection algorithms in public health surveillance systems worldwide. Traditional methods (e.g., control charts, linear regressions) were the focus of most evaluation studies and continue to be used commonly in practice. There was, however, an increase in the number of studies using forecasting methods and studies applying machine learning methods, hidden Markov models, and Bayesian framework to multivariate datasets. Evaluation studies demonstrated improved accuracy with more sophisticated methods, but these methods do not appear to be used widely in public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Yuan
- Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 1140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nikita Boston-Fisher
- Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 1140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yu Luo
- Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 1140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Aman Verma
- Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 1140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David L Buckeridge
- Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, 1140 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Bacillary Dysentery from 2005 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091826. [PMID: 30149494 PMCID: PMC6163953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang Province and to provide the basis for its monitoring, prevention and control. Methods: This study included cases registered in China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2017 in Zhejiang. Descriptive methods were employed to investigate the long trend of this disease: gender distribution, high-risk population, seasonality, and circular distribution was explored to detect the peak period; incidence maps were made to show the incidence trend of disease at county level; spatial autocorrelation was explored and the regions with autocorrelation were detected; and spatiotemporal scan was conducted to map out the high-risk regions of disease and how long they lasted. Statistical significance was assumed at p value of <0.05. Results: A total of 105,577 cases of bacillary dysentery were included, the incidence declining sharply from 45.84/100,000 to 3.44/100,000 with an obvious seasonal peak from July to October. Males were more predisposed to the infection than females. Pre-education children had the highest proportion among all occupation categories. Incidence in all age groups were negatively correlated with the year (p < 0.001), and the incidences were negatively correlated with the age groups in 2005–2008 (p = 0.022, 0.025, 0.044, and 0.047, respectively). Local autocorrelation showed that counties in Hangzhou were high-risk regions of bacillary dysentery. The spatiotemporal scan indicated that all clusters occurred before 2011, and the most likely cluster for disease was found in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou. Conclusions: The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang from 2005 to 2017 featured spatiotemporal clustering, and remained high in some areas and among the young population. Findings in this study serve as a panorama of bacillary dysentery in Zhejiang and provide useful information for better interventions and public health planning.
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Zhu B, Liu J, Fu Y, Zhang B, Mao Y. Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in China (2003-2015): Implications for Prevention and Control Policies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E661. [PMID: 29614809 PMCID: PMC5923703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, as one of the most serious notifiable infectious diseases in China, takes heavy tolls from the infected and causes a severe economic burden to society, yet few studies have systematically explored the spatio-temporal epidemiology of viral hepatitis in China. This study aims to explore, visualize and compare the epidemiologic trends and spatial changing patterns of different types of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, E and unspecified, based on the classification of CDC) at the provincial level in China. The growth rates of incidence are used and converted to box plots to visualize the epidemiologic trends, with the linear trend being tested by chi-square linear by linear association test. Two complementary spatial cluster methods are used to explore the overall agglomeration level and identify spatial clusters: spatial autocorrelation analysis (measured by global and local Moran's I) and space-time scan analysis. Based on the spatial autocorrelation analysis, the hotspots of hepatitis A remain relatively stable and gradually shrunk, with Yunnan and Sichuan successively moving out the high-high (HH) cluster area. The HH clustering feature of hepatitis B in China gradually disappeared with time. However, the HH cluster area of hepatitis C has gradually moved towards the west, while for hepatitis E, the provincial units around the Yangtze River Delta region have been revealing HH cluster features since 2005. The space-time scan analysis also indicates the distinct spatial changing patterns of different types of viral hepatitis in China. It is easy to conclude that there is no one-size-fits-all plan for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in all the provincial units. An effective response requires a package of coordinated actions, which should vary across localities regarding the spatial-temporal epidemic dynamics of each type of virus and the specific conditions of each provincial unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
- Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Infections in China: Epidemiologic Trends and Spatial Changing Patterns. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rao H, Shi X, Zhang X. Using the Kulldorff's scan statistical analysis to detect spatio-temporal clusters of tuberculosis in Qinghai Province, China, 2009-2016. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:578. [PMID: 28826399 PMCID: PMC5563899 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in most parts of China are well under control now, in less developed areas such as Qinghai, TB still remains a major public health problem. This study aims to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of TB in the Qinghai province, which could be helpful in the planning and implementing key preventative measures. METHODS We extracted data of reported TB cases in the Qinghai province from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) during January 2009 to December 2016. The Kulldorff's retrospective space-time scan statistics, calculated by using the discrete Poisson probability model, was used to identify the temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal clusters of TB at the county level in Qinghai. RESULTS A total of 48,274 TB cases were reported from 2009 to 2016 in Qinghai. Results of the Kulldorff's scan revealed that the TB cases in Qinghai were significantly clustered in spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal distribution. The most likely spatio-temporal cluster (LLR = 2547.64, RR = 4.21, P < 0.001) was mainly concentrated in the southwest of Qinghai, covering seven counties and clustered in the time frame from September 2014 to December 2016. CONCLUSION This study identified eight significant space-time clusters of TB in Qinghai from 2009 to 2016, which could be helpful in prioritizing resource assignment in high-risk areas for TB control and elimination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Rao
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.55 Bayi middle Road, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China.
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Operational Department, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Rao HX, Zhang X, Zhao L, Yu J, Ren W, Zhang XL, Ma YC, Shi Y, Ma BZ, Wang X, Wei Z, Wang HF, Qiu LX. Spatial transmission and meteorological determinants of tuberculosis incidence in Qinghai Province, China: a spatial clustering panel analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:45. [PMID: 27251154 PMCID: PMC4890510 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the notifiable infectious disease with the second highest incidence in the Qinghai province, a province with poor primary health care infrastructure. Understanding the spatial distribution of TB and related environmental factors is necessary for developing effective strategies to control and further eliminate TB. METHODS Our TB incidence data and meteorological data were extracted from the China Information System of Disease Control and Prevention and statistical yearbooks, respectively. We calculated the global and local Moran's I by using spatial autocorrelation analysis to detect the spatial clustering of TB incidence each year. A spatial panel data model was applied to examine the associations of meteorological factors with TB incidence after adjustment of spatial individual effects and spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS The Local Moran's I method detected 11 counties with a significantly high-high spatial clustering (average annual incidence: 294/100 000) and 17 counties with a significantly low-low spatial clustering (average annual incidence: 68/100 000) of TB annual incidence within the examined five-year period; the global Moran's I values ranged from 0.40 to 0.58 (all P-values < 0.05). The TB incidence was positively associated with the temperature, precipitation, and wind speed (all P-values < 0.05), which were confirmed by the spatial panel data model. Each 10 °C, 2 cm, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, precipitation, and wind speed associated with 9 % and 3 % decrements and a 7 % increment in the TB incidence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High TB incidence areas were mainly concentrated in south-western Qinghai, while low TB incidence areas clustered in eastern and north-western Qinghai. Areas with low temperature and precipitation and with strong wind speeds tended to have higher TB incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xiang Rao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xue-Lei Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Bin-Zhong Ma
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Hua-Fang Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Li-Xia Qiu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No.56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Joost S, Duruz S, Marques-Vidal P, Bochud M, Stringhini S, Paccaud F, Gaspoz JM, Theler JM, Chételat J, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Guessous I. Persistent spatial clusters of high body mass index in a Swiss urban population as revealed by the 5-year GeoCoLaus longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010145. [PMID: 26733572 PMCID: PMC4716152 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) may cluster in space among adults and be spatially dependent. Whether and how BMI clusters evolve over time in a population is currently unknown. We aimed to determine the spatial dependence of BMI and its 5-year evolution in a Swiss general adult urban population, taking into account the neighbourhood-level and individual-level characteristics. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Swiss general urban population. PARTICIPANTS 6481 georeferenced individuals from the CoLaus cohort at baseline (age range 35-74 years, period=2003-2006) and 4460 at follow-up (period=2009-2012). OUTCOME MEASURES Body weight and height were measured by trained healthcare professionals with participants standing without shoes in light indoor clothing. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m(2)). Participants were geocoded using their postal address (geographic coordinates of the place of residence). Getis-Ord Gi statistic was used to measure the spatial dependence of BMI values at baseline and its evolution at follow-up. RESULTS BMI was not randomly distributed across the city. At baseline and at follow-up, significant clusters of high versus low BMIs were identified and remained stable during the two periods. These clusters were meaningfully attenuated after adjustment for neighbourhood-level income but not individual-level characteristics. Similar results were observed among participants who showed a significant weight gain. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report longitudinal changes in BMI clusters in adults from a general population. Spatial clusters of high BMI persisted over a 5-year period and were mainly influenced by neighbourhood-level income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- MicroGIS Foundation for Spatial Analysis (MFSA), Saint-Sulpice, Switzerland
- Group of Geographic Information Research and Analysis in Public Health (GIRAPH)
| | - Solange Duruz
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Division of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fred Paccaud
- Division of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Gaspoz
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Theler
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joël Chételat
- MicroGIS Foundation for Spatial Analysis (MFSA), Saint-Sulpice, Switzerland
- Group of Geographic Information Research and Analysis in Public Health (GIRAPH)
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Group of Geographic Information Research and Analysis in Public Health (GIRAPH)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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