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Panickar A, Manoharan A, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S. Respiratory tract infections: an update on the complexity of bacterial diversity, therapeutic interventions and breakthroughs. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:382. [PMID: 39153075 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have a significant impact on global health, especially among children and the elderly. The key bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and non-fermenting Gram Negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are most commonly associated with RTIs. These bacterial pathogens have evolved a diverse array of resistance mechanisms through horizontal gene transfer, often mediated by mobile genetic elements and environmental acquisition. Treatment failures are primarily due to antimicrobial resistance and inadequate bacterial engagement, which necessitates the development of alternative treatment strategies. To overcome this, our review mainly focuses on different virulence mechanisms and their resulting pathogenicity, highlighting different therapeutic interventions to combat resistance. To prevent the antimicrobial resistance crisis, we also focused on leveraging the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to manage RTIs. Integrative approaches combining mechanistic insights are crucial for addressing the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Panickar
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anand Manoharan
- Infectious Diseases Medical and Scientific Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Worli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Yaghoobi A, Abiri R, Alvandi A, Manouchehri I, Arkan E, Jalalvand AR. A novel biosensing strategy for identification of three important bacteria causing meningitis. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 222:106954. [PMID: 38754480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is an acute infection which requires rapid diagnosis and treatment due to the high mortality and serious consequences of the disease. The purpose of this study was to design a homemade multiplex PCR and a novel fluorescence biosensor on chip (FBC) to detect three important agents of meningitis including Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), and Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae). The homemade multiplex PCR can diagnose three bacterial species simultaneously. Fabrication of FBC was carried out based on the deposition of lead nanoparticles on a quartz slide using the thermal evaporation method. Then, the SH-Cap Probe/Target ssDNA /FAM-Rep probe was loaded on lead film. The evaluation of the fluorescence reaction when the probes bind to the target ssDNA was assessed by a Cytation 5 Cell Imaging Multimode Reader Bio-Tek. The limit of detections (LOD) in homemade PCR and FBC to identify S. pneumoniae were 119 × 102 CFU/mL (0.27 ng/μL) and 380 CFU/mL (9 pg/μL), respectively. The LODs of homemade PCR and FBC for detection of N. meningitidis were 4.49 CFU/mL (1.1 pg/μL) and 13 × 103 CFU/mL (30 pg/μL), respectively. Our results confirmed the LODs of homemade PCR and FBC in detection of H. influenzae were 15.1 CFU/mL (30 fg/μL) and 41 × 102 CFU/mL (90 pg/ μL), respectively. Both techniques had appropriate sensitivity and specificity in detection of S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis and H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Yaghoobi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Amirhoushang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Manouchehri
- Department of Physic, Faculty of Sciences, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali R Jalalvand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Xiao J, Su L, Chen X, Huang S, Zhou M, Chen Z. Molecular characteristics and biofilm formation capacity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenza strains isolated from lower respiratory tract in children. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106632. [PMID: 38537762 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine, Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) has emerged as the predominant strain globally. NTHi presents a significant challenge as a causative agent of chronic clinical infections due to its high rates of drug resistance and biofilm formation. While current research on NTHi biofilms in children has primarily focused on upper respiratory diseases, investigations into lower respiratory sources remain limited. In this study, we collected 54 clinical strains of lower respiratory tract origin from children. Molecular information and drug resistance features were obtained through whole gene sequencing and the disk diffusion method, respectively. Additionally, an in vitro biofilm model was established. All clinical strains were identified as NTHi and demonstrated the ability to form biofilms in vitro. Based on scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet staining, the strains were categorized into weak and strong biofilm-forming groups. We explored the correlation between biofilm formation ability and drug resistance patterns, as well as clinical characteristics. Stronger biofilm formation was associated with a longer cough duration and a higher proportion of abnormal lung imaging findings. Frequent intake of β-lactam antibiotics might be associated with strong biofilm formation. While a complementary relationship between biofilm-forming capacity and drug resistance may exist, further comprehensive studies are warranted. This study confirms the in vitro biofilm formation of clinical NTHi strains and establishes correlations with clinical characteristics, offering valuable insights for combating NTHi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Xiao
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; Department of Pulmonology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Xiya Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China.
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China.
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Xiao J, Su L, Huang S, Liu L, Ali K, Chen Z. Epidemic Trends and Biofilm Formation Mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae: Insights into Clinical Implications and Prevention Strategies. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5359-5373. [PMID: 37605758 PMCID: PMC10440118 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s424468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is a significant pathogen responsible for causing respiratory tract infections and invasive diseases, leading to a considerable disease burden. The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine has notably decreased the incidence of severe infections caused by Hib strains, and other non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi) serotypes have emerged as epidemic strains worldwide. As a result, the global epidemic trends and antibiotic resistance characteristics of H. influenzae have been altered. Researches on the virulence factors of H. influenzae, particularly the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, and the development of anti-biofilm strategies hold significant clinical value. This article provides a summary of the epidemic trends, typing methods, virulence factors, biofilm formation mechanisms, and prevention strategies of H. influenzae. The increasing prevalence of NTHi strains and antibiotic resistance among H. influenzae, especially the high β-lactamase positivity and the emergence of BLNAR strains have increased clinical difficulties. Understanding its virulence factors, especially the formation mechanism of biofilm, and formulating effective anti-biofilm strategies may help to reduce the clinical impact. Therefore, future research efforts should focus on developing new approaches to prevent and control H. influenzae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Xiao
- Department of Pulmonology, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyue Liu
- Department of Pulmonology, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
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Mohammadi Ebli F, Heshmatipour Z, Daneshjou K, Siadat SD. Simultaneous Genetically Detection of Streptococcuspyogenes, Streptococcuspneumoniae and Haemophilusinfluenzae in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Respiratory Infection. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:356-362. [PMID: 37942203 PMCID: PMC10628374 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2023.1991067.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes are among the most important causes of infection in human. Inventing rapid methods to identify these species can help in providing appropriate and effective treatment options. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a multiplex touch-down PCR method to identify rapidly the aforementioned species patients' sputum samples, simultaneously. Methods A total of 50 sputum samples of patients with respiratory infections resistant to treatment were collected. After DNA extraction and primer design, the complete capsule (CAP) region II, capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis (cpsA) and the structural regulator of transcription (spy) genes were amplified for detecting H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes by multiplex touch-down PCR. Results Among 50 samples prepared from patients with different diseases, 27 samples were positive for amplified genes. The frequency of presence of pathogens in the collected samples included 14% H. influenzae, 20% S. pneumoniae and 20% S. pyogenes. Also, in some patients, the simultaneous presence of two or three pathogens were observed. Conclusion In general, it can be concluded that the PCR touchdown method developed in the present study is an effective and fast method for the simultaneous identification of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes pathogens in clinical samples of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mohammadi Ebli
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoheir Heshmatipour
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Daneshjou
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Akrami S, Montazeri EA, Saki M, Neisi N, Khedri R, Dini SA, Motlagh AA, Ahmadi F. Bacterial profiles and their antibiotic resistance background in superinfections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria among COVID-19 ICU patients from southwest Iran. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28403. [PMID: 36515422 PMCID: PMC9877791 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the bacterial causes of superinfections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. In this cross-sectional study, endotracheal tube (ETT) secretion samples of 77 intubated COVID-19 patients, confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were investigated by standard microbiology test and analytical profile index kit. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion. The presence of Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using culture and PCR methods, 56 (72.7%) of the 77 COVID-19 patients (mean age of 55 years, 29 male and 27 female) had superinfections. Using culture, 67 isolates including 29 (43.2%) Gram-positive and 38 (56.7%) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were identified from 49 COVID-19 patients. The GNB were more predominant than the Gram-positive pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.4%, n = 19/67) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22.4%, n = 15/67). Using PCR, 10.4% (8/77) and 11.7% (9/77) of ETT secretion specimens had H. influenzae and M. pneumoniae amplicons, respectively. Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance rates (>70.0%) to majority of the tested antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, carbapenems, and cephalosporins and 68.7% (46/67) of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). This study showed a high frequency rate of superinfections by MDR bacteria among COVID-19 patients in southwest Iran. The prevention of long-term consequences caused by COVID-19, demands continuous antibiotic surveillance particularly in management of bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Akrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Reza Khedri
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Sahar Allah Dini
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Razi Teaching Hospital, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Atefeh Akbari Motlagh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Razi Teaching Hospital, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Razi Teaching Hospital, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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Wang X, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Ye L, Cao M, Liu P, Liu S, Li S, Zhang J. Parental preference for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in Zhejiang Province, China: A discrete choice experiment. Front Public Health 2022; 10:967693. [PMID: 36466507 PMCID: PMC9710483 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.967693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China is the only country in the world that has not included the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in its National Immunization Program, making it more difficult to eliminate Hib-related diseases through Hib vaccination. It is necessary to study parental preferences for Hib vaccination to optimize vaccine promotion strategies in China. Objective This study aimed to investigate Chinese parental preference for five attributes of Hib vaccination, i.e., the place of origin, effectiveness, adverse event, doctors' recommendation, and the price of full vaccination when making a decision to vaccinate their children under 2 years old. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two cities in Zhejiang Province from November to December in 2020 using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). A mixed logit model was used to estimate participating parents' preference for Hib vaccination attributes included in the DCE. Subgroup analysis and probability analysis were also conducted to capture the heterogeneity and trade-off of parental preference for Hib vaccination. Results Data from 6,168 observations were included in the analyses. Parents of children are, on average, more likely to voice a positive preference for Hib vaccination. Such attributes of Hib vaccination as effectiveness and doctor's recommendation have a significant positive influence on parents' preference for Hib vaccination, while imported vaccines, adverse events, and the price of full vaccination have a significant negative influence on parents' preference. Parents with different demographic characteristics also existed heterogeneities in preference for Hib vaccination. Parents will make a trade-off on price if the Hib vaccine has a good performance on effectiveness and safety. Conclusion The study found that, regardless of the place of origin of the Hib vaccine, parents with children under 2 years old prefer to compromise on price if the vaccine has a better effectiveness and safety profile. A proactive recommendation from doctors would strengthen their willingness for Hib vaccination. These findings help aid the development of communication strategies with parents for Hib vaccination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,School of Health Policy and Management, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shimeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunping Li
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Jinan, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health, Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Juan Zhang
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Sun C, Jia N, Huang X, Xiao F, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Fu J, Xu Z, Qu D, Cui X, Wang Y. Real-time multiple cross displacement amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Haemophilus influenzae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1004183. [PMID: 36237430 PMCID: PMC9551287 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic pathogen usually causing bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia in children. Here, we developed a method based on multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) method and real-tme fluorescence technique for rapid detection of H. influenzae. A set of 10 primers was designed for the H. influenzae real-time MCDA reaction, and a core primer was modified with a restriction endonuclease recognition sequence, a fluorescent, and a quencher according to the principle of the real-time MCDA assay. The H. influenzae real-time MCDA reactions were performed using a fluorescence instrument at 63°C for 40 min. The H. influenzae real-time MCDA assay can specifically detect H. influenzae without any cross-reaction with other bacteria as our results confirmed. The sensitivity of our assay is as low as 10 CFU per reaction. To validate its feasibility, our assay was applied to 40 DNA extracted from sputum samples. The results obtained from H. influenzae real-time MCDA were compared with that of H. influenzae–loop-mediated isothermal amplification (H. influenzae-LAMP) and MCDA-based lateral flow biosensor (MCDA-LFB). The positive rate of the real-time MCDA assay was 62.5%, which was consistent with the H. influenzae-MCDA-LFB assay, but was more sensitive than H. influenzae-LAMP (57.5%). Furthermore, the H. influenzae real-time MCDA assay takes only 40 min, which was less than that of a traditional PCR test. Taken together, the H. influenzae real-time MCDA assay reported here offers a new and valuable diagnostic tool for the reliable and rapid detection of H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Sun
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Qu
- Department of Critical Medicine, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang, ; Xiaodai Cui, ; Dong Qu,
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang, ; Xiaodai Cui, ; Dong Qu,
| | - Yi Wang
- Experiment Center, Capitital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang, ; Xiaodai Cui, ; Dong Qu,
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Bronchial epithelia from adults and children: SARS-CoV-2 spread via syncytia formation and type III interferon infectivity restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202370119. [PMID: 35749382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202370119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections initiate in the bronchi of the upper respiratory tract and are able to disseminate to the lower respiratory tract, where infections can cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome with a high degree of mortality in elderly patients. We used reconstituted primary bronchial epithelia from adult and child donors to follow the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics. We show that, in epithelia from adult donors, infections initiate in multiciliated cells and spread within 24 to 48 h throughout the whole epithelia. Syncytia formed of ciliated and basal cells appeared at the apical side of the epithelia within 3 to 4 d and were released into the apical lumen, where they contributed to the transmittable virus dose. A small number of reconstituted epithelia were intrinsically more resistant to virus infection, limiting virus spread to different degrees. This phenotype was more frequent in epithelia derived from children versus adults and correlated with an accelerated release of type III interferon. Treatment of permissive adult epithelia with exogenous type III interferon restricted infection, while type III interferon gene knockout promoted infection. Furthermore, a transcript analysis revealed that the inflammatory response was specifically attenuated in children. Taken together, our findings suggest that apical syncytia formation is an underappreciated source of virus propagation for tissue or environmental dissemination, whereas a robust type III interferon response such as commonly seen in young donors restricted SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the combination of interferon restriction and attenuated inflammatory response in children might explain the epidemiological observation of age-related susceptibility to COVID-19.
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10
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Wang Y, Liu A, Fu M, Guo J, Wang L, Zuo X, Ma F. Establishment and Clinical Application of a RPA-LFS Assay for Detection of Capsulated and Non-Capsulated Haemophilus influenzae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:878813. [PMID: 35531333 PMCID: PMC9068959 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.878813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow strip assay was established for detection of the outer membrane protein P6 (omp6) and the capsule encoding gene bexA of Haemophilus influenzae and the detection limit, sensitivity, and specificity were determined. Specific primers and probes were designed based on the published nucleotide sequences of omp6 and bexA. The minimum detection limit was determined with standard strains and the practical applicability of the RPA-LFS assay was assessed by detection of 209 clinical samples. The results confirmed that the RPA-LFS assay was both specific and sensitive for the detection of capsulated and non-capsulated H. influenzae with a detection limit of 1 CFU/µL. The detection rate of the 209 clinical samples was 97.1%, while the detection rate of capsulated H. influenzae was 63.2%. The detection results were consistent with the traditional culture method and dual polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirming the applicability of the RPA-LFS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Aibo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Fu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, ; Xiaohua Zuo, ; Fenfen Ma,
| | - Xiaohua Zuo
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, ; Xiaohua Zuo, ; Fenfen Ma,
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Cardiac Function Examination, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang City, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, ; Xiaohua Zuo, ; Fenfen Ma,
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Farajzadeh Sheikh A, Rahimi R, Meghdadi H, Alami A, Saki M. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and their antibiotic resistance in patients with community-acquired pneumonia from southwest Iran. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:343. [PMID: 34906085 PMCID: PMC8670030 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in sputum of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) methods and to survey the antibiotic resistance patterns of aforesaid isolates. RESULT In total, 23.9 % (n = 22/92) of sputum samples showed positive results in the culture method. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were isolated from 15 (16.3 %) and 7 (7.6%) samples, respectively. Using M-PCR, 44 (47.8 %) samples were positive for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Of these, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were detected in 33 (35.8%) and 11 (11.9%) of the sputum samples, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of PCR in detection of S. pneumoniae in comparison with culture method were 100, 76.6, and 83.6%, respectively. While, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of PCR in detection of H. influenzae in comparison with culture method were 100, 95.3, and 95.8%, respectively. Out of 11 isolates of H. influenzae, two strains confirmed as H. influenzae type b (Hib) and 3 isolates were type f. However, 6 isolates were non-typable. The co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin/clavulanate were the less effective antibiotics against S. pneumonia and H. influenzae, respectively. Ceftriaxone with 13.3% resistance rates was the most effective antibiotic against S. pneumoniae, while, clarithromycin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin with resistance rates of 28.6% for each one were the most effective chemicals against H. influenzae isolates. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae was more than H. influenzae using culture and M-PCR methods. The M-PCR provided better efficiency in detecting the bacterial agents in CAP patients compared to culture method. This method can improve the early detection of pathogens contributed to CAP. The drug resistant S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae indicated the need to develop a codified monitoring program to prevent further spread of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Robab Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Meghdadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ameneh Alami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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12
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Zhang S, Chen X, Wang J, Dai C, Gou Y, Wang H. Particulate air pollution and respiratory Haemophilus influenzae infection in Mianyang, southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13103-5. [PMID: 33638077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution is correlated with many respiratory diseases. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between air particulate exposure and respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection. Therefore, we detected respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection by bacterial culture of sputum of patients, and we collected particulate air pollution data (including PM2.5 and PM10) from a national real-time urban air quality platform to analyze the relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 37.58 μg/m3 and 58.44 μg/m3, respectively, showing particulate air pollution remains a severe issue in Mianyang. A total of 828 strains of Heamophilus influenzae were detected in sputum by bacterial culture. Multiple correspondence analysis suggested the heaviest particulate air pollution and the highest Heamophilus influenzae infection rates were all in winter, while the lowest particulate air pollution and the lowest Heamophilus influenzae infection rates were all in summer. In a single-pollutant model, each elevation of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5, PM10, and PM2.5/10 (combined exposure level) increased the risk of respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection by 34%, 23%, and 29%, respectively. Additionally, in the multiple-pollutant model, only PM2.5 was significantly associated with respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection (B, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.87), showing PM2.5 is an independent risk factor for respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection. In summary, this study highlights air particulate exposure could increase the risk of respiratory Heamophilus influenzae infection, implying that stronger measures need to be taken to protect against respiratory infection induced by particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, 12 Changjia Lane, Jingzhong St, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, 12 Changjia Lane, Jingzhong St, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, 12 Changjia Lane, Jingzhong St, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeran Gou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Brodowski M, Kowalski M, Skwarecka M, Pałka K, Skowicki M, Kula A, Lipiński T, Dettlaff A, Ficek M, Ryl J, Dziąbowska K, Nidzworski D, Bogdanowicz R. Highly selective impedimetric determination of Haemophilus influenzae protein D using maze-like boron-doped carbon nanowall electrodes. Talanta 2021; 221:121623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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