1
|
Parambath S, Dao A, Kim HY, Zawahir S, Alastruey Izquierdo A, Tacconelli E, Govender N, Oladele R, Colombo A, Sorrell T, Ramon-Pardo P, Fusire T, Gigante V, Sati H, Morrissey CO, Alffenaar JW, Beardsley J. Candida albicans-A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogens List. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae045. [PMID: 38935906 PMCID: PMC11210619 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen and amongst the leading causes of invasive candidiasis globally. This systematic review examines the characteristics and global impact of invasive infections caused by C. albicans. We searched on PubMed and Web of Science for studies reporting on criteria such as mortality, morbidity, drug resistance, preventability, yearly incidence, and distribution/emergence during the period from 2016 to 2021. Our findings indicate that C. albicans is the most common Candida species causing invasive disease and that standard infection control measures are the primary means of prevention. However, we found high rates of mortality associated with infections caused by C. albicans. Furthermore, there is a lack of data on complications and sequelae. Resistance to commonly used antifungals remains rare. Although, whilst generally susceptible to azoles, we found some evidence of increasing resistance, particularly in middle-income settings-notably, data from low-income settings were limited. Candida albicans remains susceptible to echinocandins, amphotericin B, and flucytosine. We observed evidence of a decreasing proportion of infections caused by C. albicans relative to other Candida species, although detailed epidemiological studies are needed to confirm this trend. More robust data on attributable mortality, complications, and sequelae are needed to understand the full extent of the impact of invasive C. albicans infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Parambath
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aiken Dao
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah Yejin Kim
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Shukry Zawahir
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Alastruey Izquierdo
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Nelesh Govender
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rita Oladele
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Tania Sorrell
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Pilar Ramon-Pardo
- Antimicrobial Research Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Terence Fusire
- Antimicrobial Research Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Gigante
- Antimicrobial Research Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hatim Sati
- Antimicrobial Research Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Orla Morrissey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bilal H, Zhang D, Shafiq M, Khan MN, chen C, Khan S, Wang Q, Cai L, Islam R, Hu H, Zeng Y. Six-Year Retrospective Analysis of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candidiasis from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0070823. [PMID: 37310269 PMCID: PMC10434190 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00708-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is a life-threatening disease that increases mortality in critically ill patients. However, such epidemiological data are still lacking in underdeveloped regions of China. A retrospective analysis (2016 to 2021) was conducted in Meizhou People's Hospital, China to study the burden of candidiasis, particularly candidemia, and antifungal susceptibilities of the species among hospitalized patients. Of the 7,864 candidiasis cases, 461 (5.86%) were candidemia cases. Candida albicans (64.25%) was the most identified species, followed by C. tropicalis (12.61%), C. glabrata (10.79%), and C. parapsilosis (9.79%). In non-C. albicans (NCA) candidemia cases, the number of C. glabrata cases was higher (102/461, 22.37%) than C. tropicalis (64/461, 14.04%). Gastrointestinal pathology, respiratory dysfunctions, septic shock, and malignancies were common underlying comorbidities, respectively. A central venous catheter was an independent risk factor for both C. albicans and NCA candidemia. The mortality rate was not statistically significant for either C. albicans or NCA. Amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine were highly effective (98 to 100%), while azoles were least effective (67.74 to 95.66%). Candidemia cases caused by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata had significantly lower azole susceptibility than non-candidemia-causing isolates. This study provides valuable information for prescribers to choose the right empirical therapy, for researchers to explore different resistance mechanisms, and for health care managers to control candidiasis better. IMPORTANCE This study provides important information on the burden of candidiasis, particularly candidemia, and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida species among hospitalized patients in an underdeveloped region of China. First, the finding that azoles were least effective against Candida species causing candidemia is particularly noteworthy, as it suggests the possibility of resistance to this class of antifungal agents. This information can guide the choice of empirical therapy and help in the selection of appropriate antifungal agents for the treatment of candidemia, thereby reducing the risk of resistance development. Second, the study provides important information for researchers to explore different resistance mechanisms in Candida species. Finally, the study has important implications for health care managers in controlling the spread of candidiasis. The high prevalence of candidemia cases in the study highlights the need for appropriate infection control measures to prevent the spread of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou Dongshan Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Canhua chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sabir Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari Neurology Unit, Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Sassari, Italy
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rehmat Islam
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haibin Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pathogenic Drug Resistant Fungi: A Review of Mitigation Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021584. [PMID: 36675092 PMCID: PMC9863602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens cause significant human morbidity and mortality globally, where there is a propensity to infect vulnerable people such as the immunocompromised ones. There is increasing evidence of resistance to antifungal drugs, which has significant implications for cutaneous, invasive and bloodstream infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) published a priority list of fungal pathogens in October 2022, thus, highlighting that a crisis point has been reached where there is a pressing need to address the solutions. This review provides a timely insight into the challenges and implications on the topic of antifungal drug resistance along with discussing the effectiveness of established disease mitigation modalities and approaches. There is also a need to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fungal resistance to inform effective solutions. The established fungal decontamination approaches are effective for medical device processing and sterilization, but the presence of pathogenic fungi in recalcitrant biofilms can lead to challenges, particularly during cleaning. Future design ideas for implantable and reusable medical devices should consider antifungal materials and appropriates for disinfection, and where it is relevant, sterilization. Preventing the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi on foods through the use of appropriate end-to-end processes is advisable, as mycotoxins are recalcitrant and challenging to eliminate once they have formed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bilal H, Shafiq M, Hou B, Islam R, Khan MN, Khan RU, Zeng Y. Distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species from mainland China: A systematic analysis. Virulence 2022; 13:1573-1589. [PMID: 36120738 PMCID: PMC9487756 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2123325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifungal resistance to Candida pathogens increases morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressive patients, an emerging crisis worldwide. Understanding the Candida prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern is necessary to control and treat candidiasis. We aimed to systematically analyse the susceptibility profiles of Candida species published in the last ten years (December 2011 to December 2021) from mainland China. The studies were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct search engines. Out of 89 included studies, a total of 44,716 Candida isolates were collected, mainly comprising C. albicans (49.36%), C. tropicalis (21.89%), C. parapsilosis (13.92%), and C. glabrata (11.37%). The lowest susceptibility was detected for azole group; fluconazole susceptibilities against C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa, and C. auris were 93.25%, 91.6%, 79.4%, 77.95%, 76%, 50%, and 0% respectively. Amphotericin B and anidulafungin were the most susceptible drugs for all Candida species. Resistance to azole was mainly linked with mutations in ERG11, ERG3, ERG4, MRR1-2, MSH-2, and PDR-1 genes. Mutation in FKS-1 and FKS-2 in C. auris and C. glabrata causing resistance to echinocandins was stated in two studies. Gaps in the studies' characteristics were detected, such as 79.77%, 47.19 %, 26.97%, 7.86%, and 4.49% studies did not mention the mortality rates, age, gender, breakpoint reference guidelines, and fungal identification method, respectively. The current study demonstrates the overall antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species, gaps in surveillance studies and risk-reduction strategies that could be supportive in candidiasis therapy and for the researchers in their future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of laboratory, Shantou Municipal Skin Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Rehmat Islam
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Ullah Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv QZ, Zhang XL, Gao L, Yan L, Jiang YY. iTRAQ-based proteomics revealed baicalein enhanced oxidative stress of Candida albicans by up-regulating CPD2 expression. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6687814. [PMID: 36055797 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein could inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of Candida albicans, the most common clinical fungal pathogen. However, the antifungal mechanism of baicalein has not been elucidated. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to verify the mechanism of antifungal fluconazole and baicalein. A total of 58 common proteins were detected in cells treated with fluconazole. These proteins encompassed fluconazole-targeted sterol synthesis pathway, including Erg11p, Erg6p, Erg3p, Erg25p, Erg5p, Erg10p and Ncp1p. Next, iTRAQ was applied to the comparison of baicalein-treated C. albicans proteins, which detected 16 common proteins. The putative NADH dehydrogenase Cpd2p and the ATP-binding cassette transporter Snq2p were the most up-regulated proteins with the treatment of baicalein. Our results showed that CPD2 disruption elevated C. albicans resistance to baicalein significantly both in vitro and in vivo. Further in-depth studies revealed that CPD2 disruption reduced the activation of C. albicans metacaspase and partially restored the mitochondrial membrane potential reduction caused by the treatment of baicalein, which indicated that CPD2 was involved in the apoptosis induced by baicalein. Consistently, under the treatment of baicalein, CPD2Δ/Δ mutant produced lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was critical in causing oxidative damage and apoptosis in C. albicans. These results indicated that baicalein could increase intracellular oxidative damage by up-regulating the expression of Cpd2p so as to inhibit the growth of C. albicans, which provides new insights for investigating the antifungal target of baicalein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q-Z Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.Chi
| | - X-L Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.Chi.,91034 PLA troops, Xuancheng, P.R.Chi
| | - L Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.Chi
| | - L Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R.Chi
| | - Y-Y Jiang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.Chi
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atiencia-Carrera MB, Cabezas-Mera FS, Tejera E, Machado A. Prevalence of biofilms in Candida spp. bloodstream infections: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263522. [PMID: 35113972 PMCID: PMC8812928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Candida-related infections are nowadays a serious Public Health Problem emerging multidrug-resistant strains. Candida biofilm also leads bloodstream infections to invasive systemic infections. OBJECTIVE The present meta-analysis aimed to analyze Candida biofilm rate, type, and antifungal resistance among hospitalized patients between 1995 and 2020. DATA SOURCES Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for English papers using the following medical subject heading terms (MESH): "invasive candidiasis"; "bloodstream infections"; "biofilm formation"; "biofilm-related infections"; "mortality"; and "prevalence". STUDY SELECTION The major inclusion criteria included reporting the rate of biofilm formation and the prevalence of biofilm-related to Candida species, including observational studies (more exactly, cohort, retrospective, and case-control studies). Furthermore, data regarding the mortality rate, the geographical location of the study set, and the use of anti-fungal agents in clinical isolates were also extracted from the studies. DATA EXTRACTION Independent extraction of articles by 2 authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 31 studies from publicly available databases met our inclusion criteria. The biofilm formation in the data set varied greatly from 16 to 100% in blood samples. Most of the studies belonged to Europe (17/31) and Asia (9/31). Forest plot showed a pooled rate of biofilm formation of 80.0% (CI: 67-90), with high heterogeneity (Q = 2567.45, I2 = 98.83, τ2 = 0.150) in random effects model (p < 0.001). The funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test failed to find publication bias (p = 0.896). The mortality rate in Candida-related bloodstream infections was 37.9% of which 70.0% were from biofilm-associated infections. Furthermore, Candida isolates were also characterized in low, intermediate, or high biofilm formers through their level of biofilm mass (crystal violet staining or XTT assays) after a 24h growth. When comparing between countries, statistical differences were obtained (p = 0.0074), showing the lower and higher biofilm prevalence values in Italy and Spain, respectively. The prevalence of low, intermediate, and high biofilms were 36.2, 18.9, and 35.0% (p < 0.0001), respectively. C. tropicalis was the prevalent species in high biofilm formation (67.5%) showing statistically significant differences when compared to other Candida species, except for C. krusei and C. glabrata. Finally, the rates of antifungal resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin related to biofilm were 70.5, 67.9 and 72.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Early detection of biofilms and a better characterization of Candida spp. bloodstream infections should be considered, which eventually will help preserve public health resources and ultimately diminish mortality among patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Atiencia-Carrera
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Fausto Sebastián Cabezas-Mera
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- * E-mail: (ET); (AM)
| | - António Machado
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- * E-mail: (ET); (AM)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han T, Cheng T, Liao Y, Tang S, Liu B, He Y, Gu Z, Lei C, Cao Y, Cao Y. Analysis of the Value of the Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1227-1235. [PMID: 35558187 PMCID: PMC9089193 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose At present, simple, accurate, and efficient prognostic tools for the evaluation of cases with early-stage sepsis in the emergency department (ED) are lacking. An increased blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio (BAR) has previously been shown to be a valuable biomarker with predictive utility in several diseases. The relationship between BAR and sepsis patient outcomes, however, is not well-understood. This exploration was thus developed for the exploration of the link between BAR values and the short-term prognosis of cases with sepsis. Methods This was a retrospective cohort research of sepsis cases admitted to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University ED from July 2015 to June 2016. Laboratory data were collected upon ED admission, and 7-day all-cause mortality was the primary study endpoint. Relationships between BAR values and APACE II and SOFA scores were generated assessed with correlation coefficient heatmaps. Independent risk factors were identified through multivariate analyses, with the curves of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) being employed to gauge the value of BAR as a predictor of the risk of mortality in sepsis cases. Results In sum, 801 patients participated in the present investigation. BAR values were strongly correlated with APACHE II and SOFA scores. In a multivariate logistic regression assessment, BAR was identified as an independent predictor of mortality among patients with sepsis (HR=1.032, 95% CI: 1.010–1.055, P=0.004). BAR exhibited an AUC of 0.741 (95% CI: 0.688–0.793, P<0.001) when used to predict patient mortality risk, with 5.27 being the optimal BAR cut-off. Conclusion We found that BAR can be used as a reliable biomarker to predict mortality in patients with sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyong Han
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Liao
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Tang
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bofu Liu
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yarong He
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Gu
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Lei
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Cao
- Operations Management Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu Cao, Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +028-85422288, Email
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alkhuwailidy HAM, Alrufae MM. DNA SEQUENCING OF NOVEL YEAST ISOLATED FROM BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN AL-NAJAF PROVINCE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:774-780. [PMID: 35633346 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202204105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To identify of fungal isolates using PCR techniques with universal primer (ITS1-ITS4 and ITS3-ITS4). A total of 533 blood samples from cancer patients, renal failure patients and patients who underwent cardiac catheterization have been included in this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Devices and tools were used to preceding the study as shown in table (I), while biological and chemical materials are given in table (II). RESULTS Results: Three groups, 44 isolates of Candida spp were isolated: 35(79.6%) isolates from cancer patients, 6(13.6%) isolates from patients with renal failure, and 3 (6.8%) isolates from patients with cardiac catheterization. These yeasts were diagnosed by conventional methods and by CHROMagar Candida medium, as well as by molecular methods to detect the regions of ITS2, ITS1, and the isolates were diagnosed as belonging to the yeast Candida spp. These isolates were also diagnosed using DNA sequencing detection technology and 12 new strains were recorded for the first time In the name of the researcher by the Japan Gene Bank. CONCLUSION Conclusions: It was concluded that there was high susceptibility of the polymerase chain reaction technique based on ITS 1, ITS2 primers in diagnosing the types of yeasts isolated from the bloodstream with high accuracy and speed compared to other traditional methods. Therefore, the DNA sequencing method is considered one of the best rapid standard methods for the diagnosis of fungi.
Collapse
|
9
|
Retrospective assessment of fungal pathogens isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.910783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
10
|
Zhao H, Zhou M, Zheng Q, Zhu M, Yang Z, Hu C, Xu L. Clinical features and Outcomes of Cryptococcemia patients with and without HIV infection. Mycoses 2021; 64:656-667. [PMID: 33609302 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cryptococcemia on patient outcomes in those with or without HIV remain unclear. METHODS One hundred and seventy-nine cryptococcemia patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic characteristics, blood test results and outcome were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The diagnosis time of Cryptococcus infection was 2.0(0-6.0) days for HIV-infected patients, 5.0 (1.5-8.0) days for HIV-uninfected patients (p = .008), 2.0 (1.0-6.0) days for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients and 6.0 (5.0-8.0) days for non-CM patients (p < .001). HIV infection [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval): 6.0(2.3-15.9)], CRP < 15 mg/L [AOR:3.7(1.7-8.1)) and haemoglobin > 110 g/L [AOR:2.5(1.2-5.4)] were risk factors for CM development. Forty-six (25.7%) patients died within 90 days. ICU stay [AOR:2.8(1.1-7.1)], hypoalbuminemia [AOR:2.7(1.4-5.3)], no anti-cryptococcal treatment [AOR:4.7(1.9-11.7)] and altered consciousness [AOR:2.4(1.0-5.5)] were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in all patients. HIV infection did not increase the 90-day mortality of cryptococcemia patients when anti-Cryptococcus treatment was available. Non-Amphotericin B treatment [AOR:3.4(1.0-11.2)] was associated with 90-day mortality in HIV-infected patients, but age ≥ 50.0 years old [AOR:2.7(1.0-2.9)], predisposing disease [AOR:4.1(1.2-14.2)] and altered consciousness [AOR:3.7(1.1-12.9)] were associated with 90-day mortality in HIV-uninfected patients who accepted anti-Cryptococcus treatment. CONCLUSION HIV infection increased the incidence of CM rather than mortality in cryptococcemia patients. The predictive model was completely divergent in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, suggesting that novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment algorithms are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Zhou
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- Department II of Infectious Diseases, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|