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Tseng PH, Chuang SH, Pan Y, Shih HJ, Chang CP, Huang SH. Gross hematuria and IgA nephropathy flare-up following the first dose of Moderna vaccine: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32524. [PMID: 36595987 PMCID: PMC9803522 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the mass vaccination for COVID-19, several case reports indicated the risk of autoimmune disease flare-ups after the vaccination. Among them, COVID-19 vaccine-induced glomerular diseases have drawn attention worldwide. The cases demonstrating the association between the mRNA vaccine and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) exacerbation had been noticed. Mostly mentioned, the flare-ups usually occurred after the second dose. METHODS We present a Taiwanese female with IgAN who developed gross hematuria within only six hours after the first dose of the Moderna vaccine. RESULTS Six hours after the first dose of Moderna vaccine on 8 June 2021, the patient developed gross hematuria and significantly decreased urine output. All symptoms resolved spontaneously on the fifth day after the vaccination without any intervention. On the fourth day after the vaccination, the patient were able to back to her original condition. CONCLUSION This was an intriguing case of IgAN flare-up following the first dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hung Tseng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
| | - Shu-Han Chuang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Pan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Pao Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
| | - Sheng-Hsien Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
- * Correspondence: Sheng-Hsien Huang, MD, Address: No. 135, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500209, Taiwan, ROC (e-mail: )
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Luvizotto MJ, Menezes-Silva L, Woronik V, Monteiro RC, Câmara NOS. Gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: Role on mesangial cell metabolism and inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993716. [PMID: 36467425 PMCID: PMC9715425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest primary glomerular disease around the world and represents a significant cause of end-stage renal disease. IgAN is characterized by mesangial deposition of IgA-immune complexes and mesangial expansion. The pathophysiological process includes an abnormally glycosylated IgA1, which is an antigenic target. Autoantibodies specifically recognize galactose-deficient IgA1 forming immune complexes that are amplified in size by the soluble IgA Fc receptor CD89 leading to deposition in the mesangium through interaction with non-classical IgA receptors. The local production of cytokines promotes local inflammation and complement system activation, besides the stimulation of mesangial proliferation. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is quite variable from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Despite all the advances, the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated. The mucosal immune system is quoted to be a factor in triggering IgAN and a "gut-kidney axis" is proposed in its development. Furthermore, many recent studies have demonstrated that food intake interferes directly with disease prognosis. In this review, we will discuss how mucosal immunity, microbiota, and nutritional status could be interfering directly with the activation of intrinsic pathways of the mesangial cells, directly resulting in changes in their function, inflammation and development of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Justi Luvizotto
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato C. Monteiro
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM and CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Person T, King RG, Rizk DV, Novak J, Green TJ, Reily C. Cytokines and Production of Aberrantly O-Glycosylated IgA1, the Main Autoantigen in IgA Nephropathy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:301-315. [PMID: 35793525 PMCID: PMC9536348 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, with no disease-specific treatment and up to 40% of patients progressing to kidney failure. IgA nephropathy (IgAN), characterized by IgA1-containing immunodeposits in the glomeruli, is considered to be an autoimmune disease in which the kidneys are injured as innocent bystanders. Glomerular immunodeposits are thought to originate from the circulating immune complexes that contain aberrantly O-glycosylated IgA1, the main autoantigen in IgAN, bound by IgG autoantibodies. A common clinical manifestation associated with IgAN includes synpharyngitic hematuria at disease onset or during disease activity. This observation suggests a connection of disease pathogenesis with an activated mucosal immune system of the upper-respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tract and IgA1 glycosylation. In fact, some cytokines can enhance production of aberrantly O-glycosylated IgA1. This process involves abnormal cytokine signaling in IgA1-producing cells from patients with IgAN. In this article, we present our view of pathogenesis of IgAN and review how some cytokines can contribute to the disease process by enhancing production of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1. We also review current clinical trials of IgAN based on cytokine-targeting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Person
- Department of Microbiology and Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - R. Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology and Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology and Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Todd J. Green
- Department of Microbiology and Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Microbiology and Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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4
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New Insights into the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases: When Mechanisms Become Vivid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073525. [PMID: 35408886 PMCID: PMC8998908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for glomerular diseases has been extrapolated from the experience of other autoimmune disorders while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms were still not well understood. As the classification of glomerular diseases was based on patterns of juries instead of mechanisms, treatments were typically the art of try and error. With the advancement of molecular biology, the role of the immune agent in glomerular diseases is becoming more evident. The four-hit theory based on the discovery of gd-IgA1 gives a more transparent outline of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and dysregulation of Treg plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD). An epoch-making breakthrough is the discovery of PLA2R antibodies in the primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). This is the first biomarker applied for precision medicine in kidney disease. Understanding the immune system’s role in glomerular diseases allows the use of various immunosuppressants or other novel treatments, such as complement inhibitors, to treat glomerular diseases more reasonable. In this era of advocating personalized medicine, it is inevitable to develop precision medicine with mechanism-based novel biomarkers and novel therapies in kidney disease.
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Ebefors K, Bergwall L, Nyström J. The Glomerulus According to the Mesangium. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:740527. [PMID: 35155460 PMCID: PMC8825785 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is the functional unit for filtration of blood and formation of primary urine. This intricate structure is composed of the endothelium with its glycocalyx facing the blood, the glomerular basement membrane and the podocytes facing the urinary space of Bowman's capsule. The mesangial cells are the central hub connecting and supporting all these structures. The components as a unit ensure a high permselectivity hindering large plasma proteins from passing into the urine while readily filtering water and small solutes. There has been a long-standing interest and discussion regarding the functional contribution of the different cellular components but the mesangial cells have been somewhat overlooked in this context. The mesangium is situated in close proximity to all other cellular components of the glomerulus and should be considered important in pathophysiological events leading to glomerular disease. This review will highlight the role of the mesangium in both glomerular function and intra-glomerular crosstalk. It also aims to explain the role of the mesangium as a central component involved in disease onset and progression as well as signaling to maintain the functions of other glomerular cells to uphold permselectivity and glomerular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Bergwall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bian Q, Anderson JC, Zhang XW, Huang ZQ, Ebefors K, Nyström J, Hall S, Novak L, Julian BA, Willey CD, Novak J. Mesangioproliferative Kidney Diseases and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Mediated AXL Phosphorylation. Kidney Med 2021; 3:1003-1013.e1. [PMID: 34939009 PMCID: PMC8664734 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease, with mesangial cell proliferation as a major feature. There is no disease-specific treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) contributes to the pathogenesis of IgAN. To better understand its pathogenic mechanisms, we assessed PDGF-mediated AXL phosphorylation in human mesangial cells and kidney tissue biopsy specimens. STUDY DESIGN Immunostaining using human kidney biopsy specimens and in vitro studies using primary human mesangial cells. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Phosphorylation of AXL was assessed in cultured mesangial cells and 10 kidney-biopsy specimens from 5 patients with IgAN, 3 with minimal change disease, 1 with membranous nephropathy, and 1 with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). PREDICTOR Glomerular staining for phospho-AXL in kidney biopsy specimens of patients with mesangioproliferative diseases. OUTCOMES Phosphorylated AXL detected in biopsy tissues of patients with IgAN and mesangioproliferative GN and in cultured mesangial cells stimulated with PDGF. ANALYTIC APPROACH t test, Mann-Whitney test, and analysis of variance were used to assess the significance of mesangial cell proliferative changes. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining revealed enhanced phosphorylation of glomerular AXL in IgAN and mesangioproliferative GN, but not in minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy. Confocal-microscopy immunofluorescence analysis indicated that mesangial cells rather than endothelial cells or podocytes expressed phospho-AXL. Kinomic profiling of primary mesangial cells treated with PDGF revealed activation of several protein-tyrosine kinases, including AXL. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated association of AXL and PDGF receptor proteins. An AXL-specific inhibitor (bemcentinib) partially blocked PDGF-induced cellular proliferation and reduced phosphorylation of AXL and PDGF receptor and the downstream signals (AKT1 and ERK1/2). LIMITATIONS Small number of kidney biopsy specimens to correlate the activation of AXL with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS PDGF-mediated signaling in mesangial cells involves transactivation of AXL. Finding appropriate inhibitors to block PDGF-mediated transactivation of AXL may provide new therapeutic options for mesangioproliferative kidney diseases such as IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xian Wen Zhang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Hall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lea Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Jan Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Park S, Yang SH, Jeong CW, Moon KC, Kim DK, Joo KW, Kim YS, Lee JW, Lee H. RNA-Seq profiling of microdissected glomeruli identifies potential biomarkers for human IgA nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F809-F821. [PMID: 32954852 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00037.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined gene expression changes occurring in the glomeruli of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using a sensitive transcriptomic profiling method such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We collected glomeruli from biopsy specimens from patients with IgAN with relatively preserved kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio < 3 g/g) and from normal kidney cortexes by hand microdissection and performed RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and gene ontology term annotation and pathway analysis were performed. Immunohistochemical labeling and primary mesangial cell cultures were performed to confirm the findings of RNA-Seq analysis. Fourteen patients with IgAN and ten controls were included in this study. Glomerulus-specific genes were highly abundant. Principal component analysis showed clear separation between the IgAN and control groups. There were 2,497 differentially expressed genes, of which 1,380 were upregulated and 1,117 were downregulated (false discovery rate < 0.01). The enriched gene ontology terms included motility/migration, protein/vesicle transport, and immune system, and kinase binding was the molecular function overrepresented in IgAN. B cell signaling, chemokine signal transduction, and Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis were the canonical pathways overrepresented. In vitro experiments confirmed that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), reported as upregulated in the IgAN transcriptome, was also upregulated in glomeruli from an independent set of patients with IgAN and that treatment with patient-derived IgA1 increased the expression of SYK in mesangial cells. In conclusion, transcriptomic profiling of the IgAN glomerulus provides insights in the intraglomerular pathophysiology of IgAN before it reaches profound kidney dysfunction. SYK may have a pathogenetic role in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zheng N, Xie K, Ye H, Dong Y, Wang B, Luo N, Fan J, Tan J, Chen W, Yu X. TLR7 in B cells promotes renal inflammation and Gd-IgA1 synthesis in IgA nephropathy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136965. [PMID: 32699192 PMCID: PMC7453916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR7 has been linked to the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, but its precise roles are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of TLR7 in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). TLR7 proteins were abundant in CD19+ B cells infiltrated in the kidneys of patients with IgAN. The intensities of both intrarenal TLR7 and CD19 proteins were closely associated with kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and serum creatinine concentration) and renal histopathology (tubular atrophy, leukocyte infiltration, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and global glomerulosclerosis) in patients with IgAN. Meanwhile, TLR7 mRNA levels were significantly increased in peripheral blood B cells of patients with IgAN. TLR7+CD19+ B cells expressed inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) in kidneys and produced high levels of IgA1 and galactose deficient-IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in peripheral blood of patients with IgAN. Mechanistically, TLR7 activated B cells to produce high levels of Gd-IgA1 via the TLR7-GALNT2 axis in IgAN. Protein levels of GALNT2 were increased by overexpression of TLR7, while they were reduced by TLR7 knockdown in B cells. GALNT2 overexpression augmented Gd-IgA1 production in B cells derived from patients with IgAN. Taken together, high TLR7 expression in B cells has dual roles in the development and progression of IgAN, by facilitating renal inflammation and Gd-IgA1 antibody synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD19/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Female
- Galactose/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/blood
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/genetics
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/blood
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/blood
- Young Adult
- Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoyan Zheng
- Translational Medical Center and
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Xie
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjian Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Guangzhou International Travel Health Care Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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王 彬, 邵宽 芙, 董 晨. [Expression and significance of follicular helper T cells and galactose-deficient IgA1 in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22:473-477. [PMID: 32434643 PMCID: PMC7389409 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.1911029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the pathogenesis of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and the correlation between them. METHODS A total of 36 children with newly-diagnosed HSP were enrolled. They were divided into two groups: HSP nephritis (HSPN) group with 11 children and non-HSPN group with 25 children according to the presence or absence of HSPN. Another 15 children who underwent physical examination at the outpatient service were enrolled as the healthy control group. Flow cytometry was used to measure the proportion of Tfh cells (CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+) in peripheral blood. ELISA was used to measure the levels of interleukin-21 (IL-21) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peripheral blood and the serum levels of IgA1 and Gd-IgA1. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of serum Gd-IgA1 concentration with Tfh cells and related factors expression in the children with HSP. RESULTS Both the HSPN and non-HSPN groups had significantly higher proportion of Tfh cells and expression levels of IL-21 and IL-6 in peripheral blood than the healthy control group (P<0.05). The HSPN group had significant increases in the above indices compared with the non-HSPN group (P<0.05). Both the HSPN and non-HSPN groups had significantly higher serum levels of IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 than the healthy control group (P<0.05). The HSPN group had significantly higher serum levels of IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 than the non-HSPN group (P<0.05). In the children with HSP, serum Gd-IgA1 level was positively correlated with Tfh cells proportion and IL-21 and IL-6 levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tfh cells and related cytokines and serum Gd-IgA1 are involved in the development of HSP/HSPN. Tfh cells may mediate the increased production of Gd-IgA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- 彬 王
- />徐州医科大学附属医院儿科, 江苏 徐州 221000Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - 芙蓉 邵宽
- />徐州医科大学附属医院儿科, 江苏 徐州 221000Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - 晨 董
- />徐州医科大学附属医院儿科, 江苏 徐州 221000Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
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10
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Sun Q, Lan J, Zhang H, Zhou N, Liang Y, Liu X. MicroRNA‑196b targets COSMC in pediatric IgA nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2260-2266. [PMID: 32186752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the expression level of core1β3‑galactosyltransferase‑specific molecular chaperone (COSMC) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). miRNA expression levels were determined in pediatric patients with IgAN (IgAN group), in patients with other renal diseases (control group) and healthy pediatrics (control group). The target miRNAs of COSMC were investigated in the present study. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the effects of miRNAs on COSMC expression levels. In addition, galactose‑deficient IgA1 (Gd‑IgA1) expression levels were detected following the addition of miRNA‑196b. The present results suggested that the expression levels of 205 miRNAs significantly differed between the IgAN and healthy control groups. The present results also suggested that miRNA‑196b and miRNA‑33a‑3p targeted COSMC, and that miRNA‑196b expression in B lymphocytes was significantly higher in the IgAN group compared with the control group (P<0.0001). However, COSMC expression level was significantly downregulated in isolated B lymphocytes transfected with miRNA‑196b mimics, but Gd‑IgA1 expression levels were increased. Therefore, miRNA‑196b may play a role in the formation of Gd‑IgA1 and IgAN pathogenesis via COSMC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Jingchao Lan
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pediatric Department, Shunyi Women's and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 101300, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
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11
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Lin H, Tang D, Xu Y, Zhang R, Ou M, Zheng F, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zou G, Xue W, Zou Y, Dai W, Sui W, Dai Y. Quantitative analysis of protein crotonylation identifies its association with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1242-1250. [PMID: 32016442 PMCID: PMC7002971 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to histones such as lysine crotonylation are classified as epigenetic changes. Lysine crotonylation participates in various cellular processes and occurs in active promoters, directly accelerating transcription. The present study performed a proteomics analysis of crotonylation between healthy controls and patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy using tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution liquid chromatography. The present results identified 353 crotonylated proteins and 770 modification sites, including 155 upregulated and 198 downregulated crotonylated proteins. In total, seven conserved motifs were identified in the present study. The present bioinformatics analysis results suggested a number of the crotonylated proteins exhibited various subcellular localization patterns, such as in the cytoplasm. Protein domains, including thioredoxin, moesin tail and myosin like IQ motif domains were markedly enriched in crotonylated proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and functional enrichment analyses suggested significant enrichment of crotonylated proteins in complement and coagulation cascades, and antigen processing and presentation pathways displaying important relationships with IgA nephropathy. The present results suggested that crotonylation occurred in numerous proteins and may play key regulatory roles in IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Guimian Zou
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yaoshuang Zou
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
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12
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Liu A, Trairatphisan P, Gjerga E, Didangelos A, Barratt J, Saez-Rodriguez J. From expression footprints to causal pathways: contextualizing large signaling networks with CARNIVAL. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:40. [PMID: 31728204 PMCID: PMC6848167 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While gene expression profiling is commonly used to gain an overview of cellular processes, the identification of upstream processes that drive expression changes remains a challenge. To address this issue, we introduce CARNIVAL, a causal network contextualization tool which derives network architectures from gene expression footprints. CARNIVAL (CAusal Reasoning pipeline for Network identification using Integer VALue programming) integrates different sources of prior knowledge including signed and directed protein-protein interactions, transcription factor targets, and pathway signatures. The use of prior knowledge in CARNIVAL enables capturing a broad set of upstream cellular processes and regulators, leading to a higher accuracy when benchmarked against related tools. Implementation as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem guarantees efficient computation. As a case study, we applied CARNIVAL to contextualize signaling networks from gene expression data in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), a condition that can lead to chronic kidney disease. CARNIVAL identified specific signaling pathways and associated mediators dysregulated in IgAN including Wnt and TGF-β, which we subsequently validated experimentally. These results demonstrated how CARNIVAL generates hypotheses on potential upstream alterations that propagate through signaling networks, providing insights into diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Liu
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- 2RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Panuwat Trairatphisan
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- 2RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- 3Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- 3Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- 2RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), 52074 Aachen, Germany
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13
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Zhang D, Cao Y, Zuo Y, Wang Z, Mi X, Tang W. Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel hub genes closely associated with pathological mechanisms of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1235-1245. [PMID: 31316619 PMCID: PMC6601137 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerular disease. The major pathological changes associated with it affect cell proliferation, fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. However, the molecular events underlying IgAN remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis was applied to further explore novel potential gene targets for IgAN. The mRNA expression profile datasets GSE93798 and GSE37460 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After data preprocessing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were built with the STRING online search tool and visualized by using Cytoscape, and hub genes were identified through the degree of connectivity in the PPI. The hub genes were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and co-expression analysis was performed. A total of 298 DEGs between IgAN and control groups were identified, and 148 and 150 of these DEGs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The DEGs were enriched in distinct GO terms for Biological Process, including cell growth, epithelial cell proliferation, ERK1 and ERK2 cascades, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and ECM organization. The top 10 hub genes were then screened from the PPI network by Cytoscape. As novel hub genes, Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit and early growth response 1 were determined to be closely associated with apoptosis and cell proliferation in IgAN. Tumor protein 53, integrin subunit β2 and fibronectin 1 may also be involved in the occurrence and development of IgAN. Co-expression analysis suggested that these hub genes were closely linked with each other. In conclusion, the present integrated bioinformatics analysis provided novel insight into the molecular events and novel candidate gene targets of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Yongdi Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xuhua Mi
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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14
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Gan L, Li X, Zhu M, Chen C, Luo H, Zhou Q. Acteoside relieves mesangial cell injury by regulating Th22 cell chemotaxis and proliferation in IgA nephropathy. Ren Fail 2018; 40:364-370. [PMID: 29708439 PMCID: PMC6014492 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1450762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing therapies of IgA nephropathy are unsatisfying. Acteoside, the main component of Rehmannia glutinosa with anti-inflammatory and anti-immune effects, can improve urinary protein excretion and immune disorder. Th22 cell is involved in IgA nephropathy progression. This study was determined to explore the effect of acteoside on mesangial injury underlying Th22 cell disorder in IgA nephropathy. Serum Th22 cells and urine total protein of patients with IgA nephropathy were measured before and after six months treatment of Rehmannia glutinosa acteoside or valsartan. Chemotactic assay and co-culture assay were performed to investigate the effect of acteoside on Th22 cell chemotaxis and differentiation. The expression of CCL20, CCL22 and CCL27 were analyzed. To explore the effect of acteoside on mesangial cell injury induced by inflammation, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 were tested. Results showed that the proteinuria and Th22 lymphocytosis of patients with IgA nephropathy significantly improved after combination treatment of Rehmannia glutinosa acteoside and valsartan, compared with valsartan monotherapy. In vitro study further demonstrated that acteoside inhibit Th22 cell chemotaxis by suppressing the production of Th22 cell attractive chemokines, i.e., CCL20, CCL22 and CCL27. In addition, acteoside inhibited the Th22 cell proliferation. Co-culture assay proved that acteoside could relieve the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevent the synthesis of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 level in mesangial cells was positively correlated with the Th22 cell. This research demonstrated that acteoside can alleviate mesangial cell inflammatory injury by modulating Th22 lymphocytes chemotaxis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Department of Nephrology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaozhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- Department of Nephrology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Kosztyu P, Hill M, Jemelkova J, Czernekova L, Kafkova LR, Hruby M, Matousovic K, Vondrak K, Zadrazil J, Sterzl I, Mestecky J, Raska M. Glucocorticoids Reduce Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018. [PMID: 29529610 DOI: 10.1159/000487903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS IgA nephropathy is associated with aberrant O-glycosylation of IgA1, which is recognized by autoantibodies leading to the formation of circulating immune complexes. Some of them, after deposition into kidney mesangium, trigger glomerular injury. In patients with active disease nonresponding to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II blockers, corticosteroids are recommended. METHODS The relationship between the corticosteroid therapy and serum levels of IgA, aberrantly O-glycosylated IgA1, IgA-containing immune complexes and their mesangioproliferative activity was analyzed in IgA nephropathy patients and disease and healthy controls. RESULTS Prednisone therapy significantly reduced proteinuria and levels of serum IgA, galactose-deficient IgA1, and IgA-IgG immune complexes in IgA nephropathy patients and thus reduced differences in all of the above parameters between IgAN patients and control groups. A moderate but not significant reduction of mesangioproliferative potential of IgA-IgG immune complexes and IgA sialylation was detected. CONCLUSION The prednisone therapy reduces overall aberrancy in IgA1 O-glycosylation in IgA nephropathy patients, but the measurement of IgA1 parameters does not allow us to predict the prednisone therapy outcome in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteohormones and Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jemelkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Czernekova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Leona Raskova Kafkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hruby
- Department of Internal Medicine III Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Matousovic
- Department of Medicine, Second School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vondrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Second School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Sterzl
- Department of Steroids and Proteohormones and Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Selvaskandan H, Pawluczyk I, Barratt J. MicroRNAs: a new avenue to understand, investigate and treat immunoglobulin A nephropathy? Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:29-37. [PMID: 29423198 PMCID: PMC5798124 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Up to 30% of cases develop the progressive form of the disease, eventually requiring renal replacement therapy. Diagnosis and risk stratification relies on an invasive kidney biopsy and management options are limited, with recurrence following renal transplantation being common. Thus the quest to understand the pathophysiology of IgAN has been one of great importance. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short nucleotides that suppress gene expression by hybridizing to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNAs), promoting mRNA degradation or disrupting translation. First discovered in 1993, miRs have since been implicated in a number of chronic conditions, including cancer, heart disease and kidney disease. The mounting interest in the field of miRs has led to fascinating developments in the field of nephrology, ranging from their roles as biomarkers for disease to the development of miR antagonists as avenues for treatment. The translational potential for miRs in IgAN is thus well grounded and may represent a paradigm shift in current approaches to the disease. This review aims to summarize the literature with regard to miRs and their roles in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Selvaskandan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Izabella Pawluczyk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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17
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Serial Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Levels in Children with IgA Nephropathy and Healthy Controls. Int J Nephrol 2017; 2017:8210641. [PMID: 29333295 PMCID: PMC5733148 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8210641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is a key pathogenic factor for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and a potential biomarker for the disease. This study examined serial serum Gd-IgA1 levels over 1 year in 13 children with IgAN and 40 healthy children, to determine whether or not serum Gd-IgA1 levels changed over time. Subjects were younger than 18 years of age. Follow-up measurements were scheduled 6 and/or 12 months later. Analysis of variance and regression models for repeated measures were used to estimate group and time effects. Serum Gd-IgA1 level was higher in initial samples for IgAN patients compared to those of healthy children (P < 0.0001). Serum Gd-IgA1 levels did not change over time for healthy controls but increased for IgAN patients (P = 0.001). Serum Gd-IgA1 level was elevated for 9 children with IgAN at study entry and remained elevated. Two of the 4 IgAN patients with initially normal Gd-IgA1 levels had a subsequent elevated level. The persistent elevation of the serum Gd-IgA1 level in children with IgAN enhances its utility as a potential diagnostic test for IgAN.
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18
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Gan L, Zhou Q, Li X, Chen C, Meng T, Pu J, Zhu M, Xiao C. Intrinsic renal cells induce lymphocytosis of Th22 cells from IgA nephropathy patients through B7–CTLA-4 and CCL-CCR pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 441:191-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Liu P, Lassén E, Nair V, Berthier CC, Suguro M, Sihlbom C, Kretzler M, Betsholtz C, Haraldsson B, Ju W, Ebefors K, Nyström J. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling Provides Insight into Mesangial Cell Function in IgA Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017. [PMID: 28646076 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common GN worldwide, is characterized by circulating galactose-deficient IgA (gd-IgA) that forms immune complexes. The immune complexes are deposited in the glomerular mesangium, leading to inflammation and loss of renal function, but the complete pathophysiology of the disease is not understood. Using an integrated global transcriptomic and proteomic profiling approach, we investigated the role of the mesangium in the onset and progression of IgAN. Global gene expression was investigated by microarray analysis of the glomerular compartment of renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgAN (n=19) and controls (n=22). Using curated glomerular cell type-specific genes from the published literature, we found differential expression of a much higher percentage of mesangial cell-positive standard genes than podocyte-positive standard genes in IgAN. Principal coordinate analysis of expression data revealed clear separation of patient and control samples on the basis of mesangial but not podocyte cell-positive standard genes. Additionally, patient clinical parameters (serum creatinine values and eGFRs) significantly correlated with Z scores derived from the expression profile of mesangial cell-positive standard genes. Among patients grouped according to Oxford MEST score, patients with segmental glomerulosclerosis had a significantly higher mesangial cell-positive standard gene Z score than patients without segmental glomerulosclerosis. By investigating mesangial cell proteomics and glomerular transcriptomics, we identified 22 common pathways induced in mesangial cells by gd-IgA, most of which mediate inflammation. The genes, proteins, and corresponding pathways identified provide novel insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology
| | - Emelie Lassén
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Miyuki Suguro
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility at University of Gothenburg, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Börje Haraldsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology,
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20
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Feigerlová E, Battaglia-Hsu SF. IL-6 signaling in diabetic nephropathy: From pathophysiology to therapeutic perspectives. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:57-65. [PMID: 28363692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling participates in inflammation responses central to the progression of DN. Current evidence suggests that these IL-6 responses are mediated via gp130-STAT3 dependent mechanisms which, on one hand, trigger globally the transition from innate to adaptive immune response, and on the other hand act locally for tissue remodeling and immune cell infiltration. In diabetic conditions the role of IL-6 is not well elucidated. Both IL-6 classical signaling pathway via receptor IL-6R (IL-6R) and IL-6 trans-signaling pathway via soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) were shown to participate in the pathogenesis and progression of DN, and IL-6 appears to influence renal cells also in an autocrine manner. To date, evidence is limited. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding on the role of IL-6 signaling in DN and to delineate challenges for future research. Putative sequential events related to IL-6 secretion by different cell populations in diabetic conditions are outlined. Further, we discuss potential applications of anti-IL-6 therapy in the context of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Feigerlová
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Endocrinologie, Pole DUNE, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Poitiers, France; INSERM, CIC 1402 & U1082, University of Poitiers, France.
| | - Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Medical Faculty, University of Lorraine and Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
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