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Manwani B, Brathaban N, Baqai A, Munshi Y, Ahnstedt HW, Zhang M, Arkelius K, Llera T, Amorim E, Elahi FM, Singhal NS. Small RNA signatures of acute ischemic stroke in L1CAM positive extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13560. [PMID: 38866905 PMCID: PMC11169361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
L1CAM-positive extracellular vesicles (L1EV) are an emerging biomarker that may better reflect ongoing neuronal damage than other blood-based biomarkers. The physiological roles and regulation of L1EVs and their small RNA cargoes following stroke is unknown. We sought to characterize L1EV small RNAs following stroke and assess L1EV RNA signatures for diagnosing stroke using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithms. Interestingly, small RNA sequencing of plasma L1EVs from patients with stroke and control patients (n = 28) identified micro(mi)RNAs known to be enriched in the brain. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed small RNA transcript modules correlated to diagnosis, initial NIH stroke scale, and age. L1EV RNA signatures associated with the diagnosis of AIS were derived from WGCNA and RF classification. These small RNA signatures demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in the diagnosis of AIS with an area under the curve (AUC) of the signatures ranging from 0.833 to 0.932. Further work is necessary to understand the role of small RNA L1EV cargoes in the response to brain injury, however, this study supports the utility of L1EV small RNA signatures as a biomarker of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nivetha Brathaban
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Abiya Baqai
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yashee Munshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hilda W Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kajsa Arkelius
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ted Llera
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Edilberto Amorim
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94150, USA.
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Guarnieri L, Amodio N, Bosco F, Carpi S, Tallarico M, Gallelli L, Rania V, Citraro R, Leo A, De Sarro G. Circulating miRNAs as Novel Clinical Biomarkers in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38525737 PMCID: PMC10961783 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) represents the most common form of refractory focal epilepsy. The identification of innovative clinical biomarkers capable of categorizing patients with TLE, allowing for improved treatment and outcomes, still represents an unmet need. Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs detectable in body fluids, which play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression. Their characteristics, including extracellular stability, detectability through non-invasive methods, and responsiveness to pathological changes and/or therapeutic interventions, make them promising candidate biomarkers in various disease settings. Recent research has investigated c-miRNAs in various bodily fluids, including serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid, of TLE patients. Despite some discrepancies in methodologies, cohort composition, and normalization strategies, a common dysregulated signature of c-miRNAs has emerged across different studies, providing the basis for using c-miRNAs as novel biomarkers for TLE patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Guarnieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Sara Carpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rania
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Rita Citraro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.G.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.G.); (V.R.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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3
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Chang C, Wang Y, Wang R, Bao X. Considering Context-Specific microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke with Three "W": Where, When, and What. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04051-5. [PMID: 38381296 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes through negative regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs are potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. In this review, we first illustrate the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and demonstrate the biogenesis and transportation of microRNAs from cells. We then discuss several promising microRNA biomarkers in ischemic stroke in a context-specific manner from three dimensions: biofluids selection for microRNA extraction (Where), the timing of sample collection after ischemic stroke onset (When), and the clinical application of the differential-expressed microRNAs during stroke pathophysiology (What). We show that microRNAs have the utilities in ischemic stroke diagnosis, risk stratification, subtype classification, prognosis prediction, and treatment response monitoring. However, there are also obstacles in microRNA biomarker research, and this review will discuss the possible ways to improve microRNA biomarkers. Overall, microRNAs have the potential to assist clinical treatment, and developing microRNA panels for clinical application is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuheng Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- M.D. Program, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Youyang Wang
- Department of General Practice (General Internal Medicine), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Xu X, Iqbal Z, Xu L, Wen C, Duan L, Xia J, Yang N, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles: Potential diagnostic biomarkers for central nervous system diseases. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:83-96. [PMID: 37877617 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space and contain functional biomolecules, e.g. signaling receptors, bioactive lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, which can serve as biomarkers. Neurons and glial cells secrete EVs, contributing to various physiological and pathological aspects of brain diseases. EVs confer their role in the bidirectional crosstalk between the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery owing to their distinctive ability to cross the unique blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, EVs in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine can be intriguing biomarkers, enabling the minimally invasive diagnosis of CNS diseases. Although there has been an enormous interest in evaluating EVs as promising biomarkers, the lack of ultra-sensitive approaches for isolating and detecting brain-derived EVs (BDEVs) has hindered the development of efficient biomarkers. This review presents the recent salient findings of exosomal biomarkers, focusing on brain disorders. We summarize highly sensitive sensors for EV detection and state-of-the-art methods for single EV detection. Finally, the prospect of developing advanced EV analysis approaches for the non-invasive diagnosis of brain diseases is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Pharmacy, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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5
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Waseem A, Saudamini, Haque R, Janowski M, Raza SS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Shaping the next era of stroke treatment. NEUROPROTECTION 2023; 1:99-116. [PMID: 38283953 PMCID: PMC10811806 DOI: 10.1002/nep3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosome-based treatments are gaining traction as a viable approach to addressing the various issues faced by an ischemic stroke. These extracellular vesicles, mainly produced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), exhibit many properties with substantial therapeutic potential. Exosomes are particularly appealing for stroke therapy because of their low immunogenicity, effective cargo transport, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Their diverse effects include neuroprotection, angiogenesis stimulation, inflammatory response modulation, and cell death pathway attenuation, synergistically promoting neuronal survival, tissue regeneration, and functional recovery. Exosomes also show potential as diagnostic indicators for early stroke identification and customized treatment options. Despite these promising qualities, current exosome-based therapeutics have some limitations. The heterogeneity of exosome release among cell types, difficulty in standardization and isolation techniques, and complications linked to dosage and targeted administration necessitates extensive investigation. It is critical to thoroughly understand exosomal processes and their complicated interactions within the cellular milieu. To improve the practicality and efficacy of exosome-based medicines, research efforts must focus on improving production processes, developing robust evaluation criteria, and developing large-scale isolation techniques. Altogether, exosomes' multifunctional properties offer a new route for transforming stroke treatment and significantly improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College HospitalEra University, SarfarazganjLucknowIndia
| | - Saudamini
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College HospitalEra University, SarfarazganjLucknowIndia
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of South BiharGayaIndia
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of BiotechnologyCentral University of South BiharGayaIndia
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Syed S. Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College HospitalEra University, SarfarazganjLucknowIndia
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College HospitalEra University, SarfarazganjLucknowIndia
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6
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Ciaccio AM, Tuttolomondo A. Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1647. [PMID: 38137095 PMCID: PMC10741776 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer membrane particles released from all living cells into the extracellular environment. They carry several molecules and have a critical role in cell-cell communication under physiological and pathological conditions. In recent decades, exosomes, and especially their cargo, have emerged as a promising tool for several clinical conditions. However, the literature has become increasingly unambiguous in defining the role of exosomes in chronic cerebrovascular diseases. Because they can pass through the blood-brain barrier, they have great potential to reflect intracerebral changes. They can, thus, provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of central nervous system diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe the literature on the role of exosomal miRNA, which represents the most widely investigated exosomal biomarker, in strokes. First, we provide an overview of exosomes, from biology to isolation and characterization. Then, we describe the relationship between exosomes and stroke pathogenesis. Finally, we summarize the human studies evaluating exosomal miRNA biomarkers of stroke. Although the collective literature supports the potential use of exosomal miRNA as biomarkers of ischemic stroke, there are still several limitations hampering their introduction into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Regional Reference Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Anderson-Fabry Disease, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal Medicine, and Specialty Excellence “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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de Souza Carneiro VC, Leon LAA, de Paula VS. miRNAs: Targets to Investigate Herpesvirus Infection Associated with Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15876. [PMID: 37958855 PMCID: PMC10650863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus is associated with various neurological disorders and a specific diagnosis is associated with a better prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of neurological diseases triggered by herpetic infection. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that have been associated with neurological disorders related to the action of herpesviruses. Human miRNAs and herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs were listed and discussed. This review article will be valuable in stimulating the search for new diagnostic and prognosis alternatives and understanding the role of these miRNAs in neurological diseases triggered by herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristine de Souza Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (V.C.d.S.C.); (V.S.d.P.)
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luciane Almeida Amado Leon
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (V.C.d.S.C.); (V.S.d.P.)
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Neves KB, Rios FJ, Sevilla‐Montero J, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Exosomes and the cardiovascular system: role in cardiovascular health and disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4923-4936. [PMID: 35306667 PMCID: PMC10953460 DOI: 10.1113/jp282054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), are generated in the endosomal compartment of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are formed upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane and carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other cellular constituents from their parent cells. Multiple factors influence their production including cell stress and injury, humoral factors, circulating toxins, and oxidative stress. They play an important role in intercellular communication, through their ability to transfer their cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs) from one cell to another. Exosomes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, kidney disease, and inflammatory conditions. In addition, circulating exosomes may act as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic strategies for several pathological processes. In particular exosome-containing miRNAs have been suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial injury, stroke and endothelial dysfunction. They may also have therapeutic potential, acting as vectors to deliver therapies in a targeted manner, such as the delivery of protective miRNAs. Transfection techniques are in development to load exosomes with desired cargo, such as proteins or miRNAs, to achieve up-regulation in the host cell or tissue. These advances in the field have the potential to assist in the detection and monitoring progress of a disease in patients during its early clinical stages, as well as targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B. Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Francisco J. Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Javier Sevilla‐Montero
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital (IIS‐IP)Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma of Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI‐MUHC)McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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Pan Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Yang X, Wang Z, Xin W. Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Shippers for Noncoding RNA-Based Modulation of Angiogenesis: Insights from Ischemic Stroke and Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205739. [PMID: 36592424 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and systemic cancer are two of the leading causes of mortality. Hypoxia is a central pathophysiological component in ischemic stroke and cancer, representing a joint medical function. This function includes angiogenesis regulation. Vascular remodeling coupled with axonal outgrowth following cerebral ischemia is critical in improving poststroke neurological functional recovery. Antiangiogenic strategies can inhibit cancer vascularization and play a vital role in impeding cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Although there are significant differences in the cause of angiogenesis across both pathophysiological conditions, emerging evidence states that common signaling structures, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are involved in this context. EVs, heterogeneous membrane vesicles encapsulating proteomic genetic information from parental cells, act as multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication. Among the multifaceted roles in modulating biological responses, exhaustive evidence shows that ncRNAs are selectively sorted into EVs, modulating common specific aspects of cancer development and stroke prognosis, namely, angiogenesis. This review will discuss recent advancements in the EV-facilitated/inhibited progression of specific elements of angiogenesis with a particular concern about ncRNAs within these vesicles. The review is concluded by underlining the clinical opportunities of EV-derived ncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
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10
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Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic measures for ischemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175477. [PMID: 36543286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of long-term disability in the world and characterized by high morbidity, recurrence, complications, and mortality. Due to the lack of early diagnostic indicators, limited therapeutic measures and inadequate prognostic indicators, the diagnosis and treatment of IS remains a particular challenge at present. It has recently been reported that exosomes (EXOs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis and treatment of IS. The purpose of this paper is to probe the role of EXOs in diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic measures for IS and to provide innovative ideas for improving the prognosis of IS.
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Huang X, Xu X, Wang C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yao T, Bai R, Pei X, Bai F, Li P. Using bioinformatics technology to mine the expression of serum exosomal miRNA in patients with traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145307. [PMID: 37144089 PMCID: PMC10151740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered the most common traumatic neurological disease, is associated with high mortality and long-term complications, and is a global public health issue. However, there has been little progress in serum markers for TBI research. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biomarkers that can sufficiently function in TBI diagnosis and evaluation. Methods Exosomal microRNA (ExomiR), a stable circulating marker in the serum, has aroused widespread interest among researchers. To explore the level of serum ExomiR after TBI, we quantified ExomiR expression levels in serum exosomes extracted from patients with TBI using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and explored potential biomarkers using bioinformatics screening. Results Compared with the control group, there were 245 ExomiR (136 up-regulated and 109 down-regulated) in the serum of the TBI group that changed significantly. We observed serum ExomiRs expression profiles associated with neurovascular remodeling, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and a cascade of secondary injury, including eight up-regulated ExomiRs (ExomiR-124-3p, ExomiR-137-3p, ExomiR-9-3p, ExomiR-133a-5p, ExomiR-204-3p, ExomiR-519a-5p, ExomiR-4732-5p, and ExomiR-206) and 2 down-regulated ExomiR (ExomiR-21-3p and ExomiR-199a-5). Discussion The results revealed that serum ExomiRs might become a new research direction and breakthrough for the diagnosis and pathophysiological treatment of patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xintao Huang,
| | - Xinjuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tianle Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xile Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feirong Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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12
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Lu Z, Tang H, Li S, Zhu S, Li S, Huang Q. Role of Circulating Exosomes in Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1575-1593. [PMID: 36847232 PMCID: PMC10472809 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230214112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles that contain multiple macromolecules secreted by the parent cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. In recent years, the function of exosomes in cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) has been intensively studied. Herein, we briefly review the current understanding of exosomes in CVDs. We discuss their role in the pathophysiology of the diseases and the value of the exosomes for clinical applications as biomarkers and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Lu
- Department of Neurovascular Centre, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haishuang Tang
- Department of Nerurosurgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Intervention, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Neurovascular Centre, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Neurovascular Centre, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Department of Neurovascular Centre, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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13
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Cui J, Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Liu Y. Analysis of the Research Hotspot of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: A Bibliometric-based Literature Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:316-345. [PMID: 37779407 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611249727230920042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and development trend of research on exosomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) using bibliometric analysis and to elucidate trending research topics. METHODS Research articles on exosomes in CVD published up to April 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. CiteSpace 6.1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analysis and result visualization. RESULTS Overall, 256 original research publications containing 190 fundamental research publications and 66 clinical research publications were included. "Extracellular vesicle" was the most frequent research keyword, followed by "microrna," "apoptosis," and "angiogenesis." Most publications were from China (187, 73.05%), followed by the United States (57, 22.27%), the United Kingdom (7, 2.73%), and Japan (7, 2.73%). A systematic review of the publications revealed that myocardial infarction and stroke were the most popular topics and that exosomes and their contents, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), play positive roles in neuroprotection, inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and protection of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Research on exosomes in CVD has attracted considerable attention, with China having the most published studies. Fundamental research has focused on CVD pathogenesis; exosomes regulate the progression of CVD through biological processes, such as the inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Clinical research has focused on biomarkers for CVD; studies on using miRNAs in exosomes as disease markers for diagnosis could become a future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Burlacu CC, Ciobanu D, Badulescu AV, Chelaru VF, Mitre AO, Capitanescu B, Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A. Circulating MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNAs as Predictors of Functional Recovery in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:251. [PMID: 36613694 PMCID: PMC9820088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke accounts for the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability, with limited therapeutic strategy in both the acute and chronic phases. Blood-based biomarkers are intensively researched and widely recognized as useful tools to predict the prognoses of patients confronted with therapeutically limited diseases. We performed a systematic review of the circulating biomarkers in IS patients with prognostic value, with a focus on microRNAs and exosomes as predictive biomarkers of motor and cognitive recovery. We identified 63 studies, totalizing 72 circulating biomarkers with prognostic value in stroke recovery, as follows: 68 miRNAs and exosomal-miRNAs being identified as predictive for motor recovery after stroke, and seven biomarkers being predictive for cognitive recovery. Twelve meta-analyses were performed using effect sizes (random-effects and fixed-effects model). The most significant correlation findings obtained after pooling were with miR-21, miR-29b, miR-125b-5p, miR-126, and miR-335. We identified several miRNAs that were correlated with clinical outcomes of stroke severity and recovery after ischemic stroke, providing predictive information on motor and cognitive recovery. Based on the current state of research, we identified serum miR-9 and neutrophil miR-29b as the most promising biomarkers for in-depth follow-up studies, followed by serum miR-124 and plasma miR-125b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codrin-Constantin Burlacu
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ciobanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacia Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei-Vlad Badulescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Florin Chelaru
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Capitanescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacia Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacia Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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15
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Jin M, Zhang S, Wang M, Li Q, Ren J, Luo Y, Sun X. Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of ischemic stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:980548. [PMID: 36588958 PMCID: PMC9800834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.980548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major contributors to death and disability worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop early brain tissue perfusion therapies following acute stroke and to enhance functional recovery in stroke survivors. The morbidity, therapy, and recovery processes are highly orchestrated interactions involving the brain with other tissues. Exosomes are natural and ideal mediators of intercellular information transfer and recognized as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Changes in exosome contents express throughout the physiological process. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the use of exosomes in exploring unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication and organ homeostasis and indicates their potential role in ischemic stroke. Inspired by the unique properties of exosomes, this review focuses on the communication, diagnosis, and therapeutic role of various derived exosomes, and their development and challenges for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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16
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The expression profiling of serum miR-92a, miR-134 and miR-375 in acute ischemic stroke. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO829. [PMID: 36874371 PMCID: PMC9979103 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the expression profile and diagnostic potentials of serum miR-92a, 134, and 375 in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Materials & methods Serum miRs-92a, 134, and 375 expression profiles were estimated by qRT-PCR for 70 AIS patients, age-matched with 25 control subjects. Their diagnostic potential was estimated by ROC analysis. Results Down-expression of miR-92a and miR-375 was found (56; 96.5%; -1.86 ± 1.36; and 53; 91.4%; -1.63 ± 1.38, respectively), while miR-134 showed a predominant upregulation (46; 79.3%; 0.853 ± 1.34). The diagnostic accuracy was the highest for miR-92a and miR-375 (area under the curve = 0.9183 and 0.898, respectively), with greater specificity for miR-375 (Sp = 96%). Conclusion Serum miR-92a and miR-375 could be promising early detective biomarkers of AIS.
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17
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Wang ZY, Wen ZJ, Xu HM, Zhang Y, Zhang YF. Exosomal noncoding RNAs in central nervous system diseases: biological functions and potential clinical applications. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1004221. [PMID: 36438184 PMCID: PMC9681831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disease is a general term for a series of complex and diverse diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), CNS tumors, stroke, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interneuron and neuron-glia cells communicate with each other through their homeostatic microenvironment. Exosomes in the microenvironment have crucial impacts on interneuron and neuron-glia cells by transferring their contents, such as proteins, lipids, and ncRNAs, constituting a novel form of cell-to-cell interaction and communication. Exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), regulate physiological functions and maintain CNS homeostasis. Exosomes are regarded as extracellular messengers that transfer ncRNAs between neurons and body fluids due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of exosomal ncRNAs in CNS diseases, including prospective diagnostic biomarkers, pathological regulators, therapeutic strategies and clinical applications. We also provide an all-sided discussion of the comparison with some similar CNS diseases and the main limitations and challenges for exosomal ncRNAs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeng-Jin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Meng J, Zhang J, Fang J, Li M, Ding H, Zhang W, Chen C. Dynamic inflammatory changes of the neurovascular units after ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Khan NA, Asim M, El-Menyar A, Biswas KH, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H. The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:933434. [PMID: 36275010 PMCID: PMC9584168 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) requires reliable diagnostic, disease activity, and progression indicators. While desirable, identifying biomarkers for NDs can be difficult because of the complex cytoarchitecture of the brain and the distinct cell subsets seen in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, cell-derived, membrane-bound vesicles involved in the intercellular communication and transport of cell-specific cargos, such as proteins, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipids. The types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies based on their size and origin of biogenesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that intercellular communication mediated through EVs is responsible for disseminating important proteins implicated in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other NDs. Some studies showed that TBI is a risk factor for different NDs. In terms of therapeutic potential, EVs outperform the alternative synthetic drug delivery methods because they can transverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without inducing immunogenicity, impacting neuroinflammation, immunological responses, and prolonged bio-distribution. Furthermore, EV production varies across different cell types and represents intracellular processes. Moreover, proteomic markers, which can represent a variety of pathological processes, such as cellular damage or neuroinflammation, have been frequently studied in neurotrauma research. However, proteomic blood-based biomarkers have short half-lives as they are easily susceptible to degradation. EV-based biomarkers for TBI may represent the complex genetic and neurometabolic abnormalities that occur post-TBI. These biomarkers are not caught by proteomics, less susceptible to degradation and hence more reflective of these modifications (cellular damage and neuroinflammation). In the current narrative and comprehensive review, we sought to discuss the contemporary knowledge and better understanding the EV-based research in TBI, and thus its applications in modern medicine. These applications include the utilization of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, developments of EV-based therapies, and managing their associated challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ayman El-Menyar
| | - Kabir H. Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: From Their Physiopathological Roles to Their Clinical Applications in Acute Brain Injuries. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092147. [PMID: 36140248 PMCID: PMC9495841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) form a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures secreted by all cell types. EVs export encapsulated materials composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, making them a key mediator in cell–cell communication. In the context of the neurovascular unit (NVU), a tightly interacting multicellular brain complex, EVs play a role in intercellular communication and in maintaining NVU functionality. In addition, NVU-derived EVs can also impact peripheral tissues by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the blood stream. As such, EVs have been shown to be involved in the physiopathology of numerous neurological diseases. The presence of NVU-released EVs in the systemic circulation offers an opportunity to discover new diagnostic and prognostic markers for those diseases. This review outlines the most recent studies reporting the role of NVU-derived EVs in physiological and pathological mechanisms of the NVU, focusing on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the clinical application of EVs-containing molecules as biomarkers in acute brain injuries, such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), is discussed.
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21
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Xin W, Qin Y, Lei P, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang Z. From cerebral ischemia towards myocardial, renal, and hepatic ischemia: Exosomal miRNAs as a general concept of intercellular communication in ischemia-reperfusion injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:900-922. [PMID: 36159596 PMCID: PMC9464648 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Di YL, Yu Y, Zhao SJ, Huang N, Fei XC, Yao DD, Ai L, Lyu JH, He RQ, Li JJ, Tong ZQ. Formic acid induces hypertension-related hemorrhage in hSSAO TG in mice and human. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114208. [PMID: 35988700 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a confirmed risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage in humans. Which endogenous factor directly induces hypertension-related hemorrhage is unclear. In this study, 42 hemorrhagic patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia and 42 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The contents of serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and formic acid (FC, FC is a final product of SSAO through the oxidation of endogenous formaldehyde, which results from the enzymatic oxidative deamination of the SSAO substrate, methylamine) were examined in the patients after stroke. Hemorrhagic areas were quantified by computer tomography. In the animal study, hemorrhagic degree was assessed by hemotoxylin & eosin or tissue hemoglobin kits. The relationship between FC and blood pressure/hemorrhagic degree was examined in wild-type mice and hSSAOTG mice fed with high-fat diets or high-fat and -salt diets. The results showed that the levels of serum FC were positively correlated with blood pressure and hemorrhagic areas in hemorrhagic patients. Transfection of microRNA-134 could enhance SSAO expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Consistently, after treatment with high-fat and -salt diets, hSSAOTG mice exhibited higher levels of miR134 and FC, higher blood pressure, and more severe hemorrhage than wild-type mice. Interestingly, folic acid reduced hypertension and hemorrhage in hSSAOTG mice fed with high-fat diets. These findings suggest that FC is a crucial endogenous factor for hypertension and hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Di
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Chinese institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Zhao
- Chinese institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nayan Huang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Chao Fei
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ai
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Hui Lyu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Chinese institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qian Tong
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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23
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Toghiani R, Abolmaali SS, Najafi H, Tamaddon AM. Bioengineering exosomes for treatment of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2022; 302:120654. [PMID: 35597547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of death worldwide. It arises from blood reflowing after tissue hypoxia induced by ischemia that causes severe damages due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of inflammatory responses. Exosomes are the smallest members of the extracellular vesicles' family, which originate from nearly all eukaryotic cells. Exosomes have a great potential in the treatment of I/R injury either in native or modified forms. Native exosomes are secreted by different cell types, such as stem cells, and contain components such as specific miRNA molecules with tissue protective properties. On the other hand, exosome bioengineering has recently received increased attention in context of current advances in the purification, manipulation, biological characterization, and pharmacological applications. There are various pre-isolation and post-isolation manipulation approaches that can be utilized to increase the circulation half-life of exosomes or the availability of their bioactive cargos in the target site. In this review, the various therapeutic actions of native exosomes in different I/R injury will be discussed first. Exosome bioengineering approaches will then be explained, including pre- and post-isolation manipulation methods, applicability for delivery of bioactive agents to injured tissue, clinical translation issues, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Toghiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Haniyeh Najafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Lee EC, Ha TW, Lee DH, Hong DY, Park SW, Lee JY, Lee MR, Oh JS. Utility of Exosomes in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158367. [PMID: 35955498 PMCID: PMC9368737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and neurological disorders worldwide. However, diagnostic techniques and treatments for stroke patients are still limited for certain types of stroke. Intensive research has been conducted so far to find suitable diagnostic techniques and treatments, but so far there has been no success. In recent years, various studies have drawn much attention to the clinical value of utilizing the mechanism of exosomes, low toxicity, biodegradability, and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Recent studies have been reported on the use of biomarkers and protective and recovery effects of exosomes derived from stem cells or various cells in the diagnostic stage after stroke. This review focuses on publications describing changes in diagnostic biomarkers of exosomes following various strokes and processes for various potential applications as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Tae Won Ha
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
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Dias A, Silva L, Moura J, Gabriel D, Maia LF. Fluid biomarkers in stroke: From animal models to clinical care. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:332-347. [PMID: 35838031 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke prevention, early diagnosis, and efficient acute treatment are priorities to successfully impact stroke death and disability. Fluid biomarkers may improve stroke differential diagnostic, patient stratification for acute treatment, and post-stroke individualized rehabilitation. In the present work, we characterized the use of stroke animal models in fluid biomarker research through a systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases, followed by a literature review on the translation to the human stroke care setting and future perspectives in the field. We found increasing numbers of publications but with limited translation to the clinic. Animal studies are very heterogeneous, do not account for several human features present in stroke, and, importantly, only a minority of such studies used human cohorts to validate biomarker findings. Clinical studies have found appealing candidates, both protein and circulating nucleic acids, to contribute to a more personalized stroke care pathway. Still, brain tissue complexity and the fact that different brain pathologies share lesion biomarkers make this task challenging due to biomarker low specificity. Moreover, the study design and lack of validation cohorts may have precluded a formal integration of biomarkers in different steps of stroke diagnosis and treatment. To overcome such issues, recent pivotal studies on biomarker dynamics in individual patients are providing added value to diagnosis and anticipating patients' early prognosis. Presently, the most consistent protein biomarkers for stroke diagnosis and short- and long-term prognosis are associated with tissue damage at neuronal (TAU), axonal (NFL), or astroglial (GFAP and S100β) levels. Most promising nucleic acids are microRNAs (miR), due to their stability in plasma and ease of access. Still, clinical validation and standardized quantitation place them a step behind compared protein as stroke biomarkers. Ultimately, the definition of clinically relevant biomarker panels and optimization of fast and sensitive biomarker measurements in the blood, together with their combination with clinical and neuroimaging data, will pave the way toward personalized stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dias
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lénia Silva
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Moura
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Denis Gabriel
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis F Maia
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yang X, Yan S, Wang P, Wang G. Identification of hub Genes in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2022; 65:697-709. [PMID: 35577542 PMCID: PMC9452394 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to identify the function of ischemic stroke (IS) patients’ peripheral blood and its role in IS, explore the pathogenesis, and provide direction for clinical research progress by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.
Methods Two datasets, including GSE58294 and GSE22255, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. GEO2R was utilized to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed using the database annotation, visualization and integrated discovery database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed by search tool of searching interactive gene and visualized by Cytoscape software, and then the Hub gene was identified by degree analysis. The microRNA (miRNA) and miRNA target genes closely related to the onset of stroke were obtained through the miRNA gene regulatory network.
Results In total, 36 DEGs, containing 27 up-regulated and nine down-regulated DEGs, were identified. GO functional analysis showed that these DEGs were involved in regulation of apoptotic process, cytoplasm, protein binding and other biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs mediated signaling pathways, including HTLV-I infection and microRNAs in cancer. The results of PPI network and cytohubba showed that there was a relationship between DEGs, and five hub genes related to stroke were obtained : SOCS3, KRAS, PTGS2, EGR1, and DUSP1. Combined with the visualization of DEG-miRNAs, hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-181a-5p and hsa-mir-124-3p were predicted to be the key miRNAs in stroke, and three miRNAs were related to hub gene.
Conclusion Thirty-six DEGs, five Hub genes, and three miRNA were obtained from bioinformatics analysis of IS microarray data, which might provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Yang
- Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Shanquan Yan
- Clinical colllege of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Clinical colllege of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
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Circulating Non-coding RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1572-1585. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Identification of Novel Circulating miRNAs in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063387. [PMID: 35328807 PMCID: PMC8955546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but currently there are no reliable prognostic or diagnostic blood biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various molecular pathways and may be used as biomarkers. Using RNA-Seq, we conducted comprehensive circulating miRNA profiling in patients with ischemic stroke compared with healthy controls. Samples were collected within 24 h of clinical diagnosis. Stringent analysis criteria of discovery (46 cases and 95 controls) and validation (47 cases and 96 controls) cohorts led to the identification of 10 differentially regulated miRNAs, including 5 novel miRNAs, with potential diagnostic significance. Hsa-miR-451a was the most significantly upregulated miRNA (FC; 4.8, FDR; 3.78 × 10−85), while downregulated miRNAs included hsa-miR-574-5p and hsa-miR-142-3p, among others. Importantly, we computed a multivariate classifier based on the identified miRNA panel to differentiate between ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls, which showed remarkably high sensitivity (0.94) and specificity (0.99). The area under the ROC curve was 0.97 and it is superior to other current available biomarkers. Moreover, in samples collected one month following stroke, we found sustained upregulation of hsa-miR-451a and downregulation of another 5 miRNAs. Lastly, we report 3 miRNAs that were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes of stroke, as defined by the modified Rankin scores. The clinical translation of the identified miRNA panel may be explored further.
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Uphaus T, Audebert HJ, Graner MW, Tiedt S, Kowalski RG. Editorial: Blood-Based Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:866166. [PMID: 35280278 PMCID: PMC8907417 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.866166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Uphaus
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Timo Uphaus
| | - Heinrich J. Audebert
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin and Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael W. Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert G. Kowalski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Xu Y, Hu Y, Xu S, Liu F, Gao Y. Exosomal microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents for Acute Ischemic Stroke: New Expectations. Front Neurol 2022; 12:747380. [PMID: 35173663 PMCID: PMC8842672 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.747380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality rates of ischemic stroke (IS) are very high, and IS constitutes one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxygen radical injury, inflammatory reactions, necrosis/apoptosis, destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and other pathologic processes. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are critical to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebral infarctions resulting from ischemic stroke; and there is growing interest in the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of IS. Exosomes from central nervous system cells can be found in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral bodily fluids, and exosomal contents have been reported to change with disease occurrence. Exosomes are small membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs), 30–150 nm in diameter, that are released from the cell membrane into the depressions that arise from the membranes of multivesicular bodies. Exosomes carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and transport information to target cells. This exosomal transfer of functional mRNAs/miRNAs and proteins ultimately affects transcription and translation within recipient cells. Exosomes are EVs with a double-membrane structure that protects them from ribonucleases in the blood, allowing exosomal miRNAs to be more stable and to avoid degradation. New evidence shows that exosomes derived from neural cells, endothelial cells, and various stem cells create a fertile environment that supports the proliferation and growth of neural cells and endothelial cells, inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and promotes angiogenesis. In the present review, we discuss how circulating exosomes—and exosomal miRNAs in particular—may provide novel strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke via their potential as non-invasive biomarkers and drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Xu
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Gao
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Jiang L, Chen W, Ye J, Wang Y. Potential Role of Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke Treatment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:115. [PMID: 35053263 PMCID: PMC8773818 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a life-threatening cerebral vascular disease and accounts for high disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, no efficient therapeutic strategies are available for promoting neurological recovery in clinical practice, except rehabilitation. The majority of neuroprotective drugs showed positive impact in pre-clinical studies but failed in clinical trials. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for new promising therapeutic approaches for ischemic stroke treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that exosomes mediate communication between cells in both physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes have received extensive attention for therapy following a stroke, because of their unique characteristics, such as the ability to cross the blood brain-barrier, low immunogenicity, and low toxicity. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated positively neurorestorative effects of exosome-based therapy, which are largely mediated by the microRNA cargo. Herein, we review the current knowledge of exosomes, the relationships between exosomes and stroke, and the therapeutic effects of exosome-based treatments in neurovascular remodeling processes after stroke. Exosomes provide a viable and prospective treatment strategy for ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (L.J.); (W.C.); (J.Y.)
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (L.J.); (W.C.); (J.Y.)
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jinyi Ye
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (L.J.); (W.C.); (J.Y.)
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (L.J.); (W.C.); (J.Y.)
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
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Sun W, Sun L, Sun X, Ma S. Long non-coding RNA SNHG7 upregulates FGF9 to alleviate oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced neuron cell injury in a miR-134-5p-dependent manner. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2483-2494. [PMID: 34661812 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) was reported to regulate the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. The study aimed to disclose SNHG7 role in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced Neuro-2a (N2a) cell disorders. An OGD injury cell model was established using N2a cells. The expression of SNHG7, microRNA-134-5p (miR-134-5p) and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was detected by western blot. Cell viability and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were determined by cell counting kit-8 and LDH activity detection assays. Oxidative stress was investigated by Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase activity assays as well as Malondialdehyde and Reactive Oxygen Species detection kits. Cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were severally demonstrated by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assays. The interaction between miR-134-5p and SNHG7 or FGF9 was predicted by online databases, and identified by mechanism assays. OGD treatment decreased SNHG7 and FGF9 expression, but increased miR-134-5p expression. OGD treatment repressed cell viability, promoted LDH leakage and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in N2a cells, which was rescued by SNHG7 overexpression. SNHG7 acted as a sponge for miR-134-5p, and regulated OGD-triggered cell damage by associating with miR-134-5p. Additionally, miR-134-5p depletion protected N2a cells from OGD-induced injury by targeting FGF9. Ectopic SNHG7 expression protected against OGD-induced neuronal cell injury by inducing FGF9 through sponging miR-134-5p, providing a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Dalian Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Cardiac Function Examination, Dalian Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, No.826 Southwest Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116021, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shubei Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, No.826 Southwest Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, 116021, Liaoning Province, China.
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MicroRNA as a Potential Biomarker and Treatment Strategy for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:9098145. [PMID: 34845433 PMCID: PMC8627352 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9098145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a progressive injury that aggravates the pathological state when the organ tissue restores blood supply after a certain period of ischemia, including the myocardial, brain, liver, kidney, and intestinal. With growing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role as posttranscription gene silencing mediators in many I/R injury, in this review, we highlight the microRNAs that are related to I/R injury and their regulatory molecular pathways. In addition, we discussed the potential role of miRNA as a biomarker and its role as a target in I/R injury treatment. Developing miRNAs are not without its challenges, but prudent design combined with existing clinical treatments will result in more effective therapies for I/R injury. This review is aimed at providing new research results obtained in this research field. It is hoped that new research on this topic will not only generate new insights into the pathophysiology of miRNA in I/R injury but also can provide a basis for the clinical application of miRNA in I/R.
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Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Rodà F, Bedoni M. Extracellular Vesicles in Regeneration and Rehabilitation Recovery after Stroke. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:843. [PMID: 34571720 PMCID: PMC8465790 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients that survive after a stroke event may present disabilities that can persist for a long time or permanently after it. If stroke prevention fails, the prompt and combinatorial intervention with pharmacological and rehabilitation therapy is pivotal for the optimal recovery of patients and the reduction of disabilities. In the present review, we summarize some key features of the complex events that occur in the brain during and after the stroke event, with a special focus on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role as both carriers of biomarkers and potential therapeutics. EVs have already demonstrated their ability to be used for diagnostic purposes for multiple brain disorders and could represent valuable tools to track the regenerative and inflammatory processes occurring in the injured brain after stroke. Last, but not least, the use of artificial or stem cell-derived EVs were proved to be effective in stimulating brain remodeling and ameliorating recovery after stroke. Still, effective biomarkers of recovery are needed to design robust trials for the validation of innovative therapeutic strategies, such as regenerative rehabilitation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.R.); (M.B.)
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Karakus A, Girerd N, Sanchez JC, Sabben C, Wietrich A, Lavandier K, Marchal S, Aubertin A, Humbertjean L, Mione G, Bouali S, Duarte K, Reymond S, Gory B, Richard S. Identifying patients with cerebral infarction within the time window compatible with reperfusion therapy, diagnostic performance of glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1): exploratory prospective multicentre study FLAG-1 protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046167. [PMID: 34417212 PMCID: PMC8381327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma biomarkers may be useful in diagnosing acute cerebral infarction requiring urgent reperfusion, but their performance remains to be confirmed. If confirmed, these molecules could be used to develop rapid and reliable decentralised measurement methods, making it possible to initiate reperfusion therapy before hospital admission. The FLAG-1 large prospective study will constitute a plasma bank to assess the diagnostic performance of two biomarkers: glutathione S-transferase-π and peroxiredoxin 1. These molecules are involved in the oxidative stress response and could identify cerebral infarction within a therapeutic window of less than 4.5 hours following the onset of symptoms. Secondary objectives include assessing performance of these biomarkers within 3-hour and 6-hour windows; identifying additional biomarkers diagnosing cerebral infarction and significant criteria guiding therapeutic decisions: ischaemic features of stroke, presence of diffusion/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch, volume of cerebral infarction and penumbra on cerebral MRI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The exploratory, prospective, multicentre FLAG-1 Study will include 945 patients with acute stroke symptoms (onset ≤12 hours, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥3). Each patient's 25 mL blood sample will be associated with cerebral MRI data. Two patient groups will be defined based on the time of blood collection (before and after 4.5 hours following onset). Receiver operating characteristic analysis will determine the diagnostic performance of each biomarker, alone or in combination, for the identification of cerebral infarction <4.5 hours. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by an independent ethics committee. Biological samples are retained in line with best practices and procedures, in accordance with French legislation. Anonymised data and cerebral imaging records are stored using electronic case report forms and a secure server, respectively, registered with the French Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL)). Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings and publication in peer-reviewed medical journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03364296).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Karakus
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
- University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Plurithematic Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-P 1433, INSERM U1116, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anthony Wietrich
- Stroke Unit, Bar-le-Duc Hospital Centre, 55000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - Karine Lavandier
- Stroke Unit, Bar-le-Duc Hospital Centre, 55000 Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - Sophie Marchal
- Stroke Unit, Verdun Hospital Centre, 55100 Verdun, France
| | - Anne Aubertin
- Stroke Unit, Hospital Centre Troyes, CS 20718, 10003 Troyes, France
| | - Lisa Humbertjean
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Gioia Mione
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Sanae Bouali
- Plurithematic Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-P 1433, INSERM U1116, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kevin Duarte
- Plurithematic Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-P 1433, INSERM U1116, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sandrine Reymond
- Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva Medical Centre, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Gory
- University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, INSERM U1254, IADI, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Richard
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
- University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Plurithematic Clinical Investigation Center, CIC-P 1433, INSERM U1116, University Hospital Centre Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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CEBPA-AS1 Knockdown Alleviates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Neuron Cell Damage by the MicroRNA 24-3p/BOK Axis. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0006521. [PMID: 34001648 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00065-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can lead to serious brain function impairments. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CCAAT enhancer binding protein α antisense RNA 1 (CEBPA-AS1) was shown to be upregulated in human ischemic stroke. This study investigated the function and mechanism of CEBPA-AS1 in I/R. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was used to induce I/R injury in SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. RT-qPCR examined the expression of CEBPA-AS1, microRNA 24-3p (miR-24-3p), and Bcl-2-related ovarian killer (Bok). The cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress in OGD/R-treated cells were detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The relationship among genes was tested by RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. We found that OGD/R upregulated CEBPA-AS1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Functionally, CEBPA-AS1 depletion ameliorated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells by reducing reactive oxygen species production and superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Mechanistic investigations indicated that CEBPA-AS1 acts as a sponge for miR-24-3p, and miR-24-3p binds to BOK. Moreover, miR-24-3p upregulation or BOK downregulation antagonized the protective role of CEBPA-AS1 depletion in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to OGD/R. Overall, downregulation of CEBPA-AS1 exerts protective functions against OGD/R-induced injury by targeting the miR-24-3p/BOK axis.
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Shen B, Wang L, Xu Y, Wang H, He S. Long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 exerts a protective role to alleviate oxygen and glucose deprivation-mediated injury in ischemic stroke cell model through targeting miR-186-5p/MCL1 axis. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:605-617. [PMID: 34349350 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating articles have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in ischemic stroke (IS). A previous study found that lncRNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) was down-regulated in IS patients compared with healthy controls. However, the precise function of ZFAS1 in IS and its associated mechanism remain unclear. Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were conducted to measure protein and RNA expression. The interaction between microRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p) and ZFAS1 or MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member (MCL1) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA-pull down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. IS cell model was established through exposing N2a cells to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD exposure restrained the viability and induced the apoptosis of N2a cells. OGD exposure down-regulated the expression of ZFAS1 and up-regulated the level of miR-186-5p in a time-dependent manner. ZFAS1 overexpression alleviated OGD-mediated injury in IS cell model. MiR-186-5p was identified as a direct target of ZFAS1, and OGD-induced injury in IS cell model was attenuated by the silence of miR-186-5p. MiR-186-5p interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of MCL1 messenger RNA (mRNA). ZFAS1 positively regulated MCL1 mRNA expression by sequestering miR-186-5p in N2a cells. ZFAS1 overexpression-mediated protective effects in IS cell model were partly overturned by the overexpression of miR-186-5p. MCL1 silencing partly counteracted the protective effects mediated by miR-186-5p silencing in IS cell model. In conclusion, ZFAS1 overexpression exerted a protective role in IS cell model to attenuate OGD-induced injury through targeting miR-186-5p/MCL1 axis. ZFAS1/miR-186-5p/MCL1 signaling might be a novel diagnostic marker and promising treatment target for IS patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-021-00481-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jinhua Garden, Chaosheng Road, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224005 Jiangsu China
| | - Lan Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065 Hubei China
| | - Yuejun Xu
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223 Hubei China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jinhua Garden, Chaosheng Road, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224005 Jiangsu China
| | - Shiyi He
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jinhua Garden, Chaosheng Road, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224005 Jiangsu China
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Ye Z, Hu J, Xu H, Sun B, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Serum Exosomal microRNA-27-3p Aggravates Cerebral Injury and Inflammation in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction by Targeting PPARγ. Inflammation 2021; 44:1035-1048. [PMID: 33394189 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) possesses high mortality. Exosomes present in serum have potential application value in ACI diagnosis. This study investigated the mechanism of serum exosomes in ACI. Serum exosomes isolated from ACI patients and normal people were identified and then injected into the established middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model to evaluate cerebral injury and inflammation. Exosomal microRNA (miR)-27-3p expression was detected and interfered to analyze rat cerebral inflammation. The binding relationship between miR-27-3p and PPARγ was predicted and verified. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia model was established and intervened with miR-27-3p to detect PPARγ, Iba-1, and inflammation-related factor expressions. After overexpressing PPARγ, rat cerebral inflammation was evaluated. The clinical significance of serum exosomal miR-27-3p in ACI was evaluated. Serum exosomes from ACI patients caused exacerbated MCAO rat cerebral injury and poor behavior recovery, as well as promoted cerebral inflammation. Serum exosomal miR-27-3p deepened rat brain inflammation. miR-27-3p targeted PPARγ to promote microglia activation and inflammation-related factor expressions in MCAO rats, and overexpressing PPARγ attenuated MCAO rat cerebral inflammation. Serum exosomal miR-27-3p promised to be a biomarker for ACI. We proved that serum exosomes from ACI patients aggravated ACI patient cerebral inflammation via the miR-27-3p/PPARγ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingchun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.289 Kuocang Road, Liandu District of Lishui City, Wenzhou, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Bejleri J, Jirström E, Donovan P, Williams DJ, Pfeiffer S. Diagnostic and Prognostic Circulating MicroRNA in Acute Stroke: A Systematic and Bioinformatic Analysis of Current Evidence. J Stroke 2021; 23:162-182. [PMID: 34102753 PMCID: PMC8189849 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.05085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide and its diagnosis, and assessment of prognosis, remains challenging. There is a need for improved diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and their secretion and remarkable stability in biofluids highlights their potential as sensitive biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute stroke. METHODS We carried out a systematic review to assess current evidence supporting the potential of miRNAs to act as unique diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in blood samples collected from patients suffering acute stroke within 24 hours of symptoms onset. RESULTS We identified 22 studies eligible for inclusion with 33 dysregulated miRNAs having diagnostic potential in the acute phase of the disease. We identified miR-16, miR-126, and miR-335 as having the highest sensitivity as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in acute ischaemic stroke and present original bioinformatic and pathway enrichment analysis of putative miRNA-target interactions. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs represent unique biomarkers which have a promising future in stroke diagnosis and prognosis. However, there is a need for more standardized and consistent methodology for the accurate interpretation and translation of miRNAs as novel specific and sensitive biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorin Bejleri
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Geriatric & Stroke Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Jirström
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Donovan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Williams
- Department of Geriatric & Stroke Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shona Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit in Ischemic Stroke: Highlights on microRNAs and Exosomes as Potential Biomarkers and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115621. [PMID: 34070696 PMCID: PMC8198979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a damaging cerebral vascular disease associated with high disability and mortality rates worldwide. In spite of the continuous development of new diagnostic and prognostic methods, early detection and outcome prediction are often very difficult. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multicellular entity linking the interactions between neurons, glial cells, and brain vessels. Novel research has revealed that exosome-mediated transfer of microRNAs plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication and, thus, is integral in the multicellular crosstalk within the NVU. After a stroke, NVU homeostasis is altered, which induces the release of several potential biomarkers into the blood vessels. The addition of biological data representing all constituents of the NVU to clinical and neuroradiological findings can significantly advance stroke evaluation and prognosis. In this review, we present the current literature regarding the possible beneficial roles of exosomes derived from the components of the NVU and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical studies of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the most relevant clinical trials on the diagnostic and prognostic roles of exosomes in stroke patients.
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Extracellular Vesicle Application as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:171-187. [PMID: 33982152 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for most of the cases of stroke onset, and due to short therapeutic time window for thrombolysis and numerous limited treatment measures and contraindications, lots of patients cannot receive satisfying therapeutic effects resulting in high disability and mortality worldly. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanosized membrane-structured vesicles secreted from almost all cells, especially from stem/progenitor cells, have been reported to exert significant beneficial effects on IS from multiple approaches and notably ameliorate neurological outcome. Moreover, based on nano-size and lipid bilayer structure, EVs can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and migrate into the brain. In this review, we mainly systematically summarize the therapeutic effects of EVs on IS and explore their potential applications. Simultaneously, we also discuss administration routines, dosages, experimental observation time, and some key issues of EV application during IS treatment. It contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the progress of EV treatment for IS and providing confident evidence for further EV clinical application widely.
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Yao Y, Fang X, Yuan J, Qin F, Yu T, Xia D, Li Z, Lai N. Interleukin-6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1423-1431. [PMID: 34012263 PMCID: PMC8128493 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s304394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe form of stroke characterized by high rates of mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve outcomes. In this study, for the first time, we identify interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as potential biomarkers for prognosis of aSAH. METHODS We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the CSF of 103 aSAH patients and 40 healthy controls in a prospective observational study. Subsequently, we measured IL-6sEVs levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were statistically analyzed to determine the function of IL-6sEVs for disease monitoring of aSAH. RESULTS CSF IL-6 sEVs showed distinct pattern differences between healthy controls and aSAH patients. The concentration of IL-6sEVs in CSF is significantly correlated with the severity of aSAH patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of IL-6sEVs for identifying severe aSAH patient from aSAH patients were 0.900. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, IL-6sEVs were associated with neurological outcome at 1 year. IL-6sEVs levels were greater and positively associated with disease processes and outcome. CONCLUSION There is a neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients. IL-6sEVs in CSF may be a biomarker for the progression of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinggen Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenbao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niansheng Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
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Wang M, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Cui J, Sun J, Bai Y, Lang MF. ΜicroRNA-122 protects against ischemic stroke by targeting Maf1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:616. [PMID: 33936273 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protection of brain tissue against damage and the reduction of infarct size is crucial for improving patient prognosis following ischemic stroke. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of microRNA (miR)-122 and its target gene repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription MAF1 homolog (Maf1) on the infarct area in ischemic stroke. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine miR-122 expression levels in an ischemic stroke [middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)] mouse model. Nissl staining was conducted to measure the infarct area of the MCAO mouse model. Moreover, RT-qPCR was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression of Maf1 and miR-122 in the MCAO mouse model. Dual-luciferase reporter assay in vitro and miR-122 mimic or inhibitor treatment in vivo were conducted to verify that miR-122 targeted and inhibited Maf1 expression. The results suggested that miR-122 was upregulated in the brain tissue of MCAO model mice. miR-122 overexpression effectively reduced the size of the infarct area in comparison with a control and miR-122 knockdown in brain tissue resulted in the opposite effect. Moreover, Maf1 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-122. The results of a dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-122 bound to the 3'-untranslated region of Maf1. Maf1 expression decreased after stroke model induction in comparison with that in sham animals, and Maf1 expression was negatively associated with the expression of miR-122. In addition, miR-122 knockdown increased Maf1 expression levels, whereas miR-122 overexpression decreased Maf1 expression levels in comparison with a control. In conclusion, the results suggested that miR-122 improved the outcome of acute ischemic stroke by reducing the expression of Maf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Medical College, Institute of Microanalysis, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Microanalysis, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Fei Lang
- Medical College, Institute of Microanalysis, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
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Hosoki S, Tanaka T, Ihara M. Diagnostic and prognostic blood biomarkers in vascular dementia: From the viewpoint of ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105015. [PMID: 33781849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reliable quantitative blood biomarkers are important in vascular dementia (VaD) because early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are effective in preventing progression of dementia. Although many blood biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or VaD have been reported, there are few reliable blood biomarkers. VaD and AIS have similar pathological conditions that are associated with small vessel disease (SVD) such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal injury. Therefore, it may be possible to find superior blood biomarkers of VaD among AIS blood biomarkers. Owing to recent developments, noncoding RNAs such as microRNA and long noncoding RNA, which can be analyzed using a single drop of blood, are also particularly reliable VaD markers because they stably reflect brain tissue damage. A multimarker combining several blood biomarkers or artificial intelligence technology may also be beneficial to compensate for insufficiencies of a single blood biomarker. This review describes the blood biomarkers of VaD and how they are related to blood biomarkers of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hosoki
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
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Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Soudyab M, Parizadeh SM, Jaripoor ME, Nejad PS, Shariati M, Nabavi AS. Circulating Exosomes and Their Role in Stroke. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:89-95. [PMID: 31433753 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190821153557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute neurologic disorder which can be life-threatening if left untreated or diagnosed late. Various detecting techniques including neurologic imaging of the brain by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can facilitate diagnosis of stroke. However, according to the recent advances in molecular detection techniques, new diagnostic and prognostic markers have emerged. Exosomes as an extra cellar particle are one of these markers which can have useful diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic impact after stroke. We have previously discussed the role of exosomes in cardiovascular disease and in the present review we focus on the most common cerebrovascular disease. The aim of the present review is summarizing the recent diagnostic role of exosomes which are specifically secreted during a stroke and can guide clinicians to better diagnosis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soudyab
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Payam Sasan Nejad
- Department of neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Department of neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr Nabavi
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yu Y, Hou K, Ji T, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Xu J, Hou Y, Chi G. The role of exosomal microRNAs in central nervous system diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2111-2124. [PMID: 33528706 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA), endogenous non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression by mediating translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Exosomes are a tool for intercellular transmission of information in which miRNA exchange plays an important role. Under pathophysiological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), cellular transmission of exosomal miRNAs can regulate signaling pathways. Exosomal miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of diverse CNS diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and glioma. The use of exosomes as transport vehicles for certain miRNAs provides a novel therapeutic strategy for CNS diseases. Furthermore, the exosomes in body fluids change with the occurrence of diseases, indicating that subtle changes in physiological and pathological processes in vivo could be recognized by analyzing exosomes. Exosomal analysis is expected to act as a novel tool for diagnosis and prediction of neurological diseases. In this review, we present the current understanding of the implications of miRNAs in CNS diseases and summarize the role and mechanism of action of exosomal miRNA in nervous system disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
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Yousif G, Qadri S, Haik M, Haik Y, Parray AS, Shuaib A. Circulating Exosomes of Neuronal Origin as Potential Early Biomarkers for Development of Stroke. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:163-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li Y, Tang Y, Yang GY. Therapeutic application of exosomes in ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:483-495. [PMID: 33431513 PMCID: PMC8485240 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in the world, with limited effective treatments. Increasing evidence demonstrates that exosomes are involved in ischaemic pathology and exhibit restorative therapeutic effects by mediating cell–cell communication. The potential of exosome therapy for ischaemic stroke has been actively investigated in the past decade. In this review, we mainly discuss the current knowledge of therapeutic applications of exosomes from different cell types, different exosomal administration routes, and current advances of exosome tracking and targeting in ischaemic stroke. We also briefly summarised the pathology of ischaemic stroke, exosome biogenesis, exosome profile changes after stroke as well as registered clinical trials of exosome-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of medcine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Medx Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of medcine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China .,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Medx Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
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Murugesan S, Saravanakumar L, Powell MF, Rajasekaran NS, Kannappan R, Berkowitz DE. Role of exosomal microRNA signatures: An emerging factor in preeclampsia-mediated cardiovascular disease. Placenta 2021; 103:226-231. [PMID: 33171429 PMCID: PMC8278543 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and vascular dysfunction are major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although extensively studied, the complete understanding of the pathophysiology behind PE remains unclear. Current reports indicate that exosomes are essential mediators in PE-related cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Exosomes are synthesized from multivesicular bodies (MVB) and contain functionally active microRNAs miRNAs). These miRNAs have been shown to mediate physiological and pathological functions through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling mechanisms. The role of miRNAs in pregnant women with PE has been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effect of exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in PE. This paper will review and discuss the existing evidence for exomiR function in PE and highlight the need for future studies to explore the role that exomiR signatures have in cardiovascular dysfunction associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Murugesan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Lakshmi Saravanakumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mark F Powell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Namakkal Soorappan Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Zhai Y, Zhu Z, Li H, Zhao C, Huang Y, Wang P. miR-195 and miR-497 in acute stroke and their correlations with post-stroke cognitive impairment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:3092-3099. [PMID: 33425109 PMCID: PMC7791374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the expression of miR-195 and miR-497 in acute stroke and to evaluate their correlations with post-stroke cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 108 patients with acute stroke admitted to our hospital from January, 2019 to June, 2020 were enrolled as a patient group, and 76 healthy volunteers were recruited as a normal group. Levels of serum miR-195 and miR-497 in the two groups were quantified. Neurological and cognitive functions were tested by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. Diagnostic value of serum miR-195 and miR-497 in acute stroke was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and independent risk factors were determined by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Levels of serum miR-195 and miR-497 increased in acute stroke. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum miR-195 in the diagnosis of acute stroke was 0.901, while that of serum miR-497 was 0.922. Levels of miR-195 and miR-497 were positively correlated with NIHSS score and negatively correlated with MoCA score. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that family history of stroke, diabetes, hypertension, NIHSS score, MoCA score, miR-195, and miR-497 were independent risk factors for acute stroke. CONCLUSION Serum miR-195 and miR-497 are elevated in acute stroke and associated with the loss of neurologic and cognitive functions. They may be biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhai
- Department of Gerontology, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People’s Hospital)Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengtai Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People’s Hospital)Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People’s Hospital)Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunzhi Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People’s Hospital)Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People’s Hospital)Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People’s Hospital)Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
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