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Tetema MD, Fikadu K, Ayele G, Jima GB, Kebede BN, Yimer AA, Abza LF, Demissie M, Mossa KA, Mohammed SJ, Abdo AS, Abera M. Prevalence of insomnia and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Southern Ethiopia, a community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307104. [PMID: 39042615 PMCID: PMC11265656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insomnia has become a global public health concern, particularly among postpartum women. Minimal sleep interruption related to newborn care is normally expected, insomnia, however has negative impact during the postpartum period. Although its causes and contributing factors are poorly understood, it has a wide-ranging impact on the mother and her infant. So far, studies in Ethiopia have focused on the general community, neglecting mothers in the postpartum period. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of insomnia and the factors associated with it. A community-based cross-sectional study included 451 study participants who were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. A structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. After entering the data into EpiData version 3.1, it was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were carried out. Variables with a P-value of 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were included in the multivariable analyses. Those with a P-value of 0.05 were declared statistically significant in the final model. The current study included 444 mothers in total. Insomnia was prevalent among 23.2% (95% CI: 19.3%, 27.4%) of mothers who had given birth within the previous 12 months. Insomnia was associated with unplanned index pregnancy [AOR = 4.4, 95% CI (2.2, 8.7)], alcohol consumption [AOR = 3.0, 95% CI (1.4, 6.5), low social support [AOR = 9.7, 95% CI (4.4, 21.1)], medium social support [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.1, 4.3)] and depression [AOR = 10.7, 95% CI (5.7, 20.0). A planned index pregnancy, abstaining from alcohol, and recognizing and treating postpartum depression were all advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Difer Tetema
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Fikadu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gistane Ayele
- School of Public health, College of Medicine & health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gudeta Beriso Jima
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Negesse Kebede
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Awol Arega Yimer
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Legese Fekede Abza
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & health sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Mebratu Demissie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Kenzudin Assfa Mossa
- Department of Public health, College of medicine & health sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Jemal Mohammed
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Sahile Abdo
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Mangistu Abera
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine & health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Yenealem B, Negash M, Madoro D, Molla A, Nenko G, Nakie G, Getnet B. Prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1400293. [PMID: 39022759 PMCID: PMC11252023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is one of the most significant child health problems in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 53% of child deaths per year. Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability in women and adversely affects the health and well-being of mothers and their children. Studies have shown that maternal depression has an impact on infant growth and nutritional status. However, evidence is scarce regarding the relationship between maternal depression and child malnutrition. Objectives The general objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of undernourished children at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 465 participants. Outcome variables were assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS-25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition was 36.4% (95% CI = 32%-41%). According to a multivariate analysis, lack of maternal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.872, 95% CI = 1.502-5.492), unemployment (AOR = 2.581, 95% CI = 1.497-4.451), poor social support (AOR = 2.209, 95% CI = 1.314-3.713), perceived stigma (AOR = 2.243, 95% CI = 1.414-3.560), and stunting (AOR = 1.913, 95% CI = 1.129-3.241) were factors significantly associated with maternal depression. Conclusion The overall prevalence of maternal depression was higher among mothers of children with undernutrition. This higher prevalence was associated with several factors, including lack of education, unemployment, poor social support, high perceived stigma, and stunted physical growth in the children themselves. To decrease maternal depression, we can address these factors by increasing the level of maternal education and employment opportunities, strengthening social support systems, reducing stigma, and providing interventions to reduce stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biazin Yenealem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Misrak Negash
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Derebe Madoro
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Molla
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
- School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Goshu Nenko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanie Getnet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Khademi K, Kaveh MH. Social support as a coping resource for psychosocial conditions in postpartum period: a systematic review and logic framework. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:301. [PMID: 38807228 PMCID: PMC11131291 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review seeks to examine the current state of postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions among women around the world, as well as explore the relationship between these factors. Additionally, it aims to propose a logical framework for enhancing postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions in this population. METHODS Following the development of a search strategy, two databases, PubMed and Science Direct, were searched for studies published between January 2019 and May 2023. The search was conducted throughout the entire month of May 2023. The risk of bias in the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, which was adapted for this specific study design. To determine if the main objective of the cross-sectional studies was to investigate the relationship between social support and postpartum psychosocial conditions, a review was conducted based on the AMSTAR checklist, PRISMA checklist and PRISMA flow diagram. Data extraction was performed with the consensus of two authors, and a narrative synthesis approach was chosen for data synthesis, following the guidelines provided by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD). RESULTS Eleven cross-sectional studies were included in the final analysis. Our findings revealed that all reviewed studies provided evidence of a positive association between social support and healthy psychosocial conditions in postpartum period. However, due to the absence of standardized measurement indicators to identify and compare the outcomes of various studies, there was a need to develop a conceptual framework that could enhance our understanding of the postpartum psychosocial condition including anxiety, depression, unfavorable quality of life and social support status up to 24 month after child birth. This framework aimed to incorporate childbirth and motherhood as "stressful events," while considering social support as a crucial "coping resource." Furthermore, it acknowledged empowerment, help-seeking behavior, and peer support as important "coping actions," alongside implementing client-centered interventions. Lastly, it recognized postpartum mental health and optimal quality of life as significant "effects" of these factors. CONCLUSIONS The proposed conceptual framework could define postpartum women's health as "the ability to adapt and self-manage."
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Khademi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71536-75541, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tesfaye W, Ashine B, Tezera H, Asefa T. Postpartum depression and associated factor among mothers attending public health centers of Yeka sub city, addis ababa Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20952. [PMID: 37942166 PMCID: PMC10628654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health concern that affects both the mother's health and the development of the child.Postpartum depression is defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as the development of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) within four weeks of birth. The rate of postpartum depression statistics is lacking in developing countries. This indicates that the data can be much higher if diagnosed and reported.There for this study assessed the magnitude of postpartum depression and its associated factors among mothers attending selected public health center of Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method and materials An institutional-based cross-sectional approach was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 among 454 postpartum women. A single population proportion equations was used to calculate the sample size for this investigation.A multi-stage sampling method was applied based on the health center they are attending.One of the eleven sub-cities in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, was chosen for this procedure using a simple random selection technique. Furthermore, four health centers from the selected sub-city were chosen using simple random selection.For data collection, structured questioners were utilised.The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, also known as the EPDS, was used to assess participants' postpartum depression. The data was validated, coded, and entered into Epi-data before being exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used. P-values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Result The overall prevalence of postpartum depression was 23.8 % [95 % CI (20-27.8)].Being single [AOR = 7.4, 95 % CI (4.2-12.9)], having complications during pregnancy [AOR = 2.1, 95 % CI (1.16-3.82)], Bottle feeding immediately after birth [AOR = 0.3, 95 % CI (0.13-0.66)], and having low perceived psycho-social support [AOR = 3.5, 95 % CI (1.4-8.5)] were significantly associated with postpartum depression. Conclusion and recommendation The current study found that post postpartum depression is highly prevalent among women. As a result, we recommend that to have regular screening, follow up and mental health care in postnatal periods of pregnancy. Because the period following childbirth is stressful, especially for new mothers, emotional and psychosocial support should be provided both in the community and in health care settings. Keywords:Postpartum depression, Women, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winta Tesfaye
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Ashine
- Department of Reproductive Health,School of Public Health, Sante Medical Collage,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Tezera
- Department of Bio Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tseganesh Asefa
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Daliri DB, Afaya A, Afaya RA, Abagye N. Postpartum depression: The prevalence and associated factors among women attending postnatal clinics in the Bawku municipality, Upper East Region of Ghana. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e143. [PMID: 38867815 PMCID: PMC11114418 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study examined postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers in the Bawku municipality of Ghana, aiming to assess its prevalence and associated risk factors. Methods A total of 242 women, 2-12 weeks postpartum, were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional analytical study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used for depression screening, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the factors associated with PPD. Results The study showed that 34.7% of the postpartum mothers were within the age range of 25-29, with a mean age of 27.9 (standard deviation [SD] ± 6.33). The prevalence of PPD was 50.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 43.9-56.9). Several significant risk factors were identified, including inadequate prenatal visits (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 13.44, 95% CI 3.66-49.37, P < 0.001), obstetric complications (aOR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.23-11.19, P = 0.019), less than 3 weeks postpartum (aOR = 8.14, 95% CI 1.95, 33.94, P = 0.004), 6-8 weeks postpartum (aOR = 7.72, 95% CI 1.71-34.80, P = 0.008), and stressful life events (aOR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.23-8.89, P = 0.018). Conclusion The study concluded that the prevalence of PPD in the Bawku municipality is higher than previously reported in Ghana, emphasizing the need for early identification of pregnant women at risk for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Bomansang Daliri
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public HealthUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
- Presbyterian Psychiatric HospitalBolgatangaGhana
| | - Agani Afaya
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana
- Mo‐Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of NursingYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Richard Adongo Afaya
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Nancy Abagye
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
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Kim SJ, Aye YM, Panyarachun D, Hong SA, Chang YS. Social support for postpartum women and associated factors including online support to reduce stress and depression amidst COVID-19: Results of an online survey in Thailand. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289250. [PMID: 37498895 PMCID: PMC10374076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support for postpartum women helps mothers to recover from childbirth and fosters healthy infant development. However, the impacts of reduced interpersonal interactions inflicted by the COVID-19 outbreak on available social support for postpartum women have received little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the levels of social support provided to postpartum women and associated factors in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2021 using an anonymous online questionnaire. The responses of 840 eligible women up to six months postpartum in Thailand were obtained. The maternity social support scale was used to measure social support. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the factors associated with social support among postpartum women. RESULTS About 57% of women reported to receive high support. Women in the high social support group were more likely to be married (aOR:2.70; 95% CI:1.57-4.66), have a university education or above (1.88; 1.35-2.64), have an intended pregnancy (2.06; 1.34-3.16), good health (2.01; 1.44-2.81), good sleep quality (1.62; 1.14-2.31), receive counsel from peers or family (1.56; 1.13-2.16), and use internet or social media to reduce stress and depression (1.51; 1.08-2.11). Meanwhile, women in the high social support group were significantly less likely to feed complementary foods to infants within 24 hours of completing the survey (0.28; 0.15-0.52). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that more than half of the women reported high support and illustrated the important role played by family, peers, and professionals as well as online and remote channels in providing postpartum informational and emotional support during the pandemic. Online platforms and remote support may be considered to provide social support to postpartum women during a pandemic such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Min Aye
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Danipa Panyarachun
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Seo Ah Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Fang L, Ye S, Sun G, Liu L, Xie S, Hu Y, Yang Y, Fang M, Hu Z. Husband-wife Relationship, Neonatal Health, Breast Milk Volume and Postpartum Depression: A Prospective Cohort Study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2462-2473. [PMID: 37126569 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2208366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health problem that has negative effects on mothers, infants, and society. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of PPD and elucidating the delivery factors implicated in PPD so as take more targeted measures for reducing the potential risk factors. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Following the criterion, 151 pregnant women were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the general questionnaire were filled out 2-3 days after delivery. At weeks 2 and 6 postpartum, the EPDS was reassessed either online or via telephone. Also, electronic medical records based on relevant information during the delivery period were collected. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. A high rate of PPD (31.13%) was reported. Univariate correlation analysis showed statistically significant differences in the husband-wife relationship (χ2 = 18.497, p < 0.001), neonatal health (χ2 = 14.710, p < 0.001), and breast milk volume (χ2 = 5.712, p = 0.017) between PPD and normal control groups. Adjusting for other covariates, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that satisfactory conjugal relation could reduce the risk of PPD (OR, 0.053; p = 0.022); Neonatal health problems significantly increase the risk of PPD (OR, 6.497; p = 0.001); Adequate breast milk could alleviate the risk of PPD (OR, 0.351; P = 0.045). Data analysis suggests that marital discord and unhealthy new-born are independent risk factors; nevertheless, sufficient breast milk is a protective factor against PPD. Healthcare workers such as hospital and community doctors and social workers should pay attention to PPD. Furthermore, perinatal emotional support, health education, and EPDS assessment need to be incorporated into maternity care. Screening and personalized psychological counselling should be carried out for high-risk pregnant women with PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First people's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of HongKong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Wedajo LF, Alemu SS, Jarso MH, Golge AM, Dirirsa DE. Late postpartum depression and associated factors: community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:280. [PMID: 37221573 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late postpartum depression is the presence of depressive symptoms beyond the early postpartum period and is a significant mental health problem that has a devastating impact on mothers, infants, partners, family members, the healthcare system, and the world's economy. However, there is limited information regarding this problem in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of late postpartum depression and associated factors. METHOD the community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 479 postpartum mothers in Arba Minch town from May 21 to June 21, 2022. The pre-tested face-to-face interviewer administered a structured questionnaire used to collect the data. A bivariate and multivariable analysis was done using a binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with late postpartum depression. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were calculated, and a p-value of < 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant factors. RESULT The prevalence of late postpartum depression was 22.98% (95% CI: 19.16, 26.80). Husband Khat use (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.18, 5.91), partner dissatisfaction with the gender of the baby (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.22, 5.24), short inter-delivery interval (AOR = 6.80; 95% CI: 3.34, 13.84), difficulty to meet husband sexual need (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.62, 6.37), postpartum intimate partner violence (AOR = 4.08; 95% CI: 1.95, 8.54), and low social support (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.25, 4.50) were significantly associated factors at p-value < 0.05. CONCLUSION Overall, 22.98% of mothers suffered from late postpartum depression. Therefore, based on the identified factors, the Ministry of Health, Zonal Health Departments, and other responsible agencies should establish effective strategies to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lema Fikadu Wedajo
- Department of Midwifery, Mattu University College of medical and Health Sciences, Mattu, Ethiopia.
| | - Solomon Seyife Alemu
- Department of Midwifery, Mattu University College of medical and Health Sciences, Mattu, Ethiopia
- Department of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sheshemene, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammedamin Hajure Jarso
- Department of Psychiatry, Walabu University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sheshemene, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Mamo Golge
- Department of Nursing, Madda Walabu University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sheshemene, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Edosa Dirirsa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Salale, Ethiopia
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Kebede AA, Gessesse DN, Aklil MB, Temesgan WZ, Abegaz MY, Anteneh TA, Tibebu NS, Alemu HN, Haile TT, Seyoum AT, Tiguh AE, Yismaw AE, Mihret MS, Nenko G, Wondie KY, Taye BT, Tsega NT. Low husband involvement in maternal and child health services and intimate partner violence increases the odds of postpartum depression in northwest Ethiopia: A community-based study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276809. [PMID: 36288375 PMCID: PMC9604988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is the most common mental health problem that affects women during pregnancy and after child-birth. Postpartum depression, in particular, has both short and long-term effects on the lives of mothers and children. Women’s health is a current global concern, but postpartum depression is a neglected issue in the maternal continuum of care and is rarely addressed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess postpartum depression and associated factors in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1st to 30th, 2021 in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select 794 postpartum women. Data were entered by EPI DATA version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with postpartum depression. The adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance. Results A total of 794 women were included in the analysis, giving a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 17.25% (95% CI: 14.5, 20.2). Younger maternal age (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.23, 5.85), low average monthly income (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.91), low decision-making power (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.31, 3.18), low husband/partner involvement in MNCH care service (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.44, 3.81), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.16 95% CI: 1.77, 5.62), and experience of intimate partner violence (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.96, 4.99) were significantly associated with increased odds of postpartum depression. Conclusion In this study, nearly 1/5th of the study participants had postpartum depression. Thus, it is important to integrate maternal mental health services with the existing maternal health care services. It is also crucial to advocate the need for husband’s involvement in MNCH care services and ensure women’s decision-making power in the household. Moreover, community-based sexual and reproductive health education would be better to reduce risk factors of postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmeraw Ambachew Kebede
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Nibret Gessesse
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Belayneh Aklil
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubedle Zelalem Temesgan
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marta Yimam Abegaz
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tazeb Alemu Anteneh
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Solomon Tibebu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haymanot Nigatu Alemu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Tadesse Haile
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmra Tesfahun Seyoum
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Agumas Eskezia Tiguh
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Engida Yismaw
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Muhabaw Shumye Mihret
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Goshu Nenko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kindu Yinges Wondie
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Tsegaw Taye
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega
- Department of Women’s and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Dagnaw FT, Addis WD, Tesfa D, Desale AT, Issa NA, Belachew YY, Yitbarek GY, Belay AT, Chanie ES, Hailemeskel HS. Determinants of postpartum depression among mothers in Debre Tabor town, North-central, Ethiopia: Community-based unmatched case-control study. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:910506. [PMID: 36312871 PMCID: PMC9596969 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.910506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a non-psychotic depressive disorder of variable severity, and it can begin as early as 2 weeks after delivery and can persist indefinitely if left untreated. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of postpartum depression is high. There is a dearth of literature to determine factors associated with postpartum depression in Ethiopia, specifically in the study area. Objective This study aimed to identify factors associated with postpartum depression among mothers in Debre Tabor Town, Northcentral Ethiopia. Method A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among mothers who were living in Debre Tabor Town and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Postpartum mothers were selected using a simple random sampling technique from the listed sampling frame at the health center. Then, the sample cases and controls were interviewed until the sample size was fulfilled by using a consecutive sampling method. The data were entered into the EPI data version 4.6 and then imported and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics of different variables were done by cross-tabulation. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinant factors with the outcome variable. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results A total of 308 postnatal mothers living in Debre Tabor Town were included, with a 97.5% response rate. History of substance use in the previous 3 months (AOR: 6.47, 95% CI; 2.61, 15.74), current baby illness (AOR: 3.9, 95% CI; 1.5, 10.12), marital dissatisfaction (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI; 1.22, 4.75), unplanned current pregnancy (AOR: 3.46, 95% CI; 1.32, 9.12), and breastfeeding (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI; 0.09, 0.55) were independent factors that affected the occurrence of PPD. Conclusion This study revealed that a recent history of substance use (in the past 3 months), current baby illness, marital satisfaction, unplanned current pregnancy, and breastfeeding were associated with postpartum depression. Healthcare providers working in maternal and child health clinics and health extension workers should give special attention to postpartum mothers who have had a history of substance use, current baby illness, unplanned pregnancy, non-breastfeeding mothers, and mothers with poor marital satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wondimnew Desalegn Addis
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Tesfa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aragaw Tesfaw Desale
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Nurayine Abubeker Issa
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yismaw Yimam Belachew
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Taye Belay
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Sisay Chanie
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Andriani RN, Makkiyyah SS, Hertika ASD, Istiono W, Hakimi M. Diagnostic accuracy of screening instruments used to detect postpartum depression among women of reproductive age in the primary care setting : A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/43233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Riesco-González FJ, Antúnez-Calvente I, Vázquez-Lara JM, Rodríguez-Díaz L, Palomo-Gómez R, Gómez-Salgado J, García-Iglesias JJ, Parrón-Carreño T, Fernández-Carrasco FJ. Body Image Dissatisfaction as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060752. [PMID: 35744015 PMCID: PMC9228492 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pregnancy and postpartum are periods that imply numerous physical and psychological changes that could lead to mental health consequences. The aim of the present study is to identify whether women who had body image dissatisfaction had a higher incidence of postpartum depression 6 months after birth than women who did not have body image dissatisfaction. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 450 women from two hospitals in Andalusia. Quantitative variables were age and scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) for body image dissatisfaction. The qualitative variables used were marital status, self-perceived health status, diet or physical exercise, type of delivery, and others. Results: Body dissatisfaction was positively correlated with the symptomatology of postpartum depression. Thus, for each point increased in body dissatisfaction, the occurrence of depression also increased. There was a relationship between the study variables, so women who were more dissatisfied with their body image were more frequently depressed. Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be established that postpartum depression seems to be related to the presence of poor body image.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Antúnez-Calvente
- Department of Obstetrics, Punta de Europa Hospital, 11207 Algeciras, Spain; (F.J.R.-G.); (I.A.-C.); (J.M.V.-L.); (F.J.F.-C.)
| | - Juana María Vázquez-Lara
- Department of Obstetrics, Punta de Europa Hospital, 11207 Algeciras, Spain; (F.J.R.-G.); (I.A.-C.); (J.M.V.-L.); (F.J.F.-C.)
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cádiz, 11207 Algeciras, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Palomo-Gómez
- Department of Obstetrics, Línea de la Concepción Hospital, 11300 Línea de la Concepción, Spain;
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, University of Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959-219-700
| | - Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Tesifón Parrón-Carreño
- Territorial Delegation of Equality, Health and Social Policies, Health Delegation of Almeria, Government of Andalusia, 04003 Almeria, Spain;
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Alonazi HG, Jahan S. Prevalence of Postpartum Depression among Women in Childbearing Age Attending Primary Health Care Centres, Qassim Region. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:35642. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.35642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a significant threat to mothering and has negative impact on both mothers and children. There is limited information about PPD prevalence and associated factors in Saudi Arabia particularly in Qassim region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and factors associated with PPD among women of childbearing age in Buraidah, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a cross sectional study including 204 mothers aged 18-45 years in postpartum period attending primary health care centres in Buraidah during April to August 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, newborn related factors, marital and family relationship factors, and social support factors of the participants. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to determine PPD among the participants. Results Out of 229 invited women, 204 willingly participated (response rate: 89.1%). More than half of the participants (58.3%) belonged to 18-30 years age group; 62.3% participants had university or above education; 82.4% were housewives; and household income level was considered ‘moderate’ by 65.7% of the participants. According to EPDS, the prevalence of PPD was 13.7% while 17.6% had ‘possible Post-Partum Depression’, and 12.3% had ‘fairly high possibility of Depression’. PPD was significantly associated with friend support (p=0.03) husband support (p=0.01) and absence of conflict with the husband (p=0.02). Conclusion More than a quarter of women were likely to have PPD needing monitoring, diagnostic assessment and possible treatment by primary health care physicians or specialists. Comprehensive post-natal care including screening for PPD in primary health care centers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda G. Alonazi
- Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saulat Jahan
- Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Saudi Arabia
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Nweke M, Ukwuoma M, Adiuku-Brown AC, Ugwu P, Nseka E. Characterization and stratification of the correlates of postpartum depression in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review with meta-analysis. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221118773. [PMID: 36039898 PMCID: PMC9434669 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health challenge in resource-constrained sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Characterizing its correlates will aid prediction, early detection, and pre-emptive interventions. This review aimed to systematically synthesize and stratify PPD correlates in sub-Saharan Africa. The review was structured as per the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We included studies that reported the correlates of PPD in SSA. We searched PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and PsycINFO for relevant peer-reviewed literature. The correlates of PPD constituted the primary outcome. A random effect model was fitted to estimate the pooled correlation coefficient per correlate. The clinical relevance of correlates was stratified based on strength of correlation (r) and recurrence (f). The mean age of the participants was 27.0 ± 6.0 years, and 68.6% of participants had completed at least secondary education. The correlates of PPD in SSA were intimate partner violence (IPV) ((risk weight (rw) = 2.8; r = 0.212 (confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.31), poor social support (PSS) (rw = 1.9; r = 0.250 (0.133-0.361)), unwanted pregnancy (UP) (rw = 1.6; r = 0.279 (CI: 0.14-0.41); I2 = 95.89), and maternal age (MA) (rw = 0.96; r = 0.27 (CI: 0.154-0.37)), among others. A cumulative risk weight of ⩾0.95 was predictive of PPD and marks the critical point at which preemptive interventions should be instituted. The stratification of risk PPD factors and computation of risk stability index are useful in identifying the clinical significant risk factors. The provision of critical risk point will simplify early detection thus facilitating cost-effectiveness. Of the correlates of PPD in SSA, IPV, PSS, UP, and MA are the most important. Targeted screening and pre-emptive interventions for women with high risk weight may be a reasonable strategy both in the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Nweke
- Department of Physiotherapy, Evangel
University Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Maryjane Ukwuoma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University
of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ada C. Adiuku-Brown
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu,
Nigeria
| | - Princewill Ugwu
- Department of Physiology, University of
Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Nseka
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation,
University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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Atuhaire C, Rukundo GZ, Brennaman L, Cumber SN, Nambozi G. Lived experiences of Ugandan women who had recovered from a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression: a phenomenological study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:826. [PMID: 34903199 PMCID: PMC8666838 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression affects a significant proportion of women of childbearing age. The birth of a newborn baby is normally considered a joyful event, inhibiting mothers from expressing their depressive feelings. If the condition is not well understood and managed, mothers with postpartum depression are likely to experience suicidal ideation or even commit suicide. This study explored lived experiences of women who had recovered from a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression in southwestern Uganda. METHODS This phenomenological study adopted the explorative approach through in-depth interviews as guided by the biopsychosocial model of depression. It was conducted in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Bwizibwera Health Centre IV and Kinoni Health Centre IV located in Mbarara and Rwampara districts, southwestern Uganda. Data were collected from 30 postpartum mothers who were purposively selected, between 9th December 2019 and 25th September 2020. We analyzed this work using thematic data analysis and this was steered by the Colaizzi's six-step phenomenological approach of inquiry. RESULTS The findings were summarized into five major themes: 1) somatic experiences including insomnia and headache, breast pain, poor breast milk production, weight loss and lack of energy; 2) difficulties in home and family life including overwhelming domestic chores, lack of social support from other family members, fighting at home and financial constraints due to COVID-19 pandemic; 3) negative emotions including anger, self-blame, despondency and feelings of loneliness and regrets of conceiving or marriage; 4) feelings of suicide, homicide and self-harm including suicidal ideation and attempt, homicidal ideations and attempt and feelings of self-harm and 5) coping with postpartum depression including spirituality, termination of or attempt to leave their marital relationships, acceptance, counselling and seeking medical treatment, perseverance. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Suicidal and homicidal thoughts are important parts of the postpartum depression experience, and these may put the lives of the mothers, their spouses and their babies at a great risk. Poor relationship quality, intimate partner violence and lack of financial resources contribute significantly to the negative emotional experiences of mothers with PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Atuhaire
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Laura Brennaman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Nambile Cumber
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Grace Nambozi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda
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Dubey A, Chatterjee K, Chauhan VS, Sharma R, Dangi A, Adhvaryu A. Risk factors of postpartum depression. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S127-S131. [PMID: 34908678 PMCID: PMC8611548 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common puerperal psychiatric illnesses impairing quality of life and mental health of the mother and also the child. AIM The aim is to study the prevalence and risk factors of PPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was done on a sample of 295 mothers who delivered and were followed up at a tertiary care hospital. The mothers were administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and demographic, psychosocial, and clinical data were collected. RESULTS The age of the participant mothers ranged from 18 to 35 years and age at marriage ranged from 21 to 24 years. In most of the mothers, the parity was 2 and they had institutional vaginal delivery. The prevalence of PPD in this population of mothers was 30.84%. The factors that had a statistically significant association with PPD included: lower educational status of mother, lower family income, rural place of residence, higher parity, preterm delivery, and adverse events in newborn. CONCLUSION PPD is a common mental health problem in the postpartum period. Sociodemographic factors such as low educational status of mothers, rural population, and low monthly family income were found to be associated with PPD. Primipara status, preterm delivery, and adverse events in newborn were also significantly associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Dubey
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Rachit Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit Dangi
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arka Adhvaryu
- Department of Psychiatry, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Baran J, Leszczak J, Baran R, Biesiadecka A, Weres A, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Kalandyk-Osinko K. Prenatal and Postnatal Anxiety and Depression in Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3193. [PMID: 34300358 PMCID: PMC8304229 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the occurrence of prenatal and postnatal anxiety and depression symptoms, and to assess what factors significantly affect the appearance of symptoms of depression and anxiety in young mothers. The study group consisted of 130 women after childbirth. Due to the ongoing restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey was prepared online. The questionnaire was fully anonymous, and it contained the authors' own questions and two standardized questionnaires: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorders GAD-7. The conducted analysis clearly indicated that the level of postpartum depression, in as many as 52 of the mothers, had increased significantly compared to the time before delivery, when symptoms of depression were shown by 22 women (p = 0.009). However, there was no statistically significant change between prenatal and postnatal anxiety. There are many factors associated with postnatal depression. The strongest predictors turned out to be average socioeconomic status, history of anxiety disorders, past neurosis or depression, lack of or inadequate level of assistance from healthcare professionals, as well as lactation problems and postpartum pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Baran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.L.); (A.W.); (E.C.-L.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Leszczak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.L.); (A.W.); (E.C.-L.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Rafał Baran
- SOLUTION-Statistical Analysis, ul. Stojałowskiego 4/73, 35-120 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Anna Biesiadecka
- PELVIMED mgr Anna Biesiadecka, Aleja Niepodległości 4/32, 39-300 Mielec, Poland;
| | - Aneta Weres
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.L.); (A.W.); (E.C.-L.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.L.); (A.W.); (E.C.-L.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, ul. Litawora 2, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalandyk-Osinko
- Institute of Medical Science, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Frederic Chopin Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 1 in Rzeszów, ul. Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
- Fortitudo Medical Center, ul. Jana Pawła II 94, 35-317 Rzeszów, Poland
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Ahmed GK, Elbeh K, Shams RM, Malek MAA, Ibrahim AK. Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Upper Egypt: A multicenter primary health care study. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:211-218. [PMID: 34004403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is highly prevalent with a major impact on the mother and child health. We aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD in primary health care centres which provide vaccinations services to infants in Assiut city and to evaluate the possible risk factors associated with PPD. METHODS In this multicentre study, 257 mothers attended three primary health care centres for immunization of their babies were recruited from January 2019 to January 2020. All participants were evaluated for socio-demographic features, Family affluence scale (FAS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and associated risk factors. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 27.98 ± 4.7. About half of the mothers and their husbands had low education level. Most of the families (89%) have low socioeconomic scale (SES). About (33.5%) women were found to have possible PPD. In the logistic regression analysis, SES, history of depression, history of PPD, history of stressful conditions, familial support, unwanted pregnancy, and male preference were significant statistical in PPD (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS We did not investigate the medical and psychological problems during antenatal care. Also, we did not assess relation of the type of delivery and medical problems during delivery on the postnatal care. CONCLUSIONS PPD was prevalent in 33.5% The possible risk factors of PPD were low SES, history of depression, history of PPD, history of stressful conditions, familial support, unwanted pregnancy, and male preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellan K Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Khaled Elbeh
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Randa M Shams
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed K Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Mousavi F, Shojaei P. Postpartum Depression and Quality of Life: A Path Analysis. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:85-94. [PMID: 33795985 PMCID: PMC7995937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to model the relationship between risk factors of postpartum depression and quality of life in Iranian women. Methods: In this study, 306 women were included as a sample. The study tools of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Inventory included items such as socioeconomic characteristics, recent pregnancy history and outcome, and Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-12). SPSS software was used for data analysis and a significance value of 0.05 was considered. Results: Most participants were homemakers with no instances of abortion, no stillbirth, no history of depression, no preterm delivery, no difficulties during pregnancy, no difficulties during delivery, no unplanned pregnancy, no smoking during pregnancy, had family support during pregnancy and after delivery, type of delivery was cesarean, had a healthy baby and satisfaction with neonatal sex, and never or rarely experienced partner violence. Their mean age, years of education, living arrangements, and breastfeeding of participants respectively were 29.73±5.42, 14.64±1.96, 1.09±0.53, and 5.61±2.98. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 5.6%. According to the path analysis, living arrangements with β=0.73 had the most direct effect and occupation with β=0.69 had the most indirect effect on postpartum depression. Conclusions: According to the path analysis model, postpartum depression is affected by many factors such as age, years of education, occupation, living arrangements, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Shojaei
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Parisa Shojaei, Department of Community & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
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Toyama N, Vongphoumy I, Uehara M, Sato C, Nishimoto F, Moji K, Pongvongsa T, Shirai K, Takayama T, Takahara M, Tamashiro Y, Endo Y, Kounnavong S, Kobayashi J. Impact of village health volunteer support on postnatal depressive symptoms in the remote rural areas of Lao People's Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:28. [PMID: 33785051 PMCID: PMC8010948 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Village health volunteers (VHVs) are responsible for providing primary care in the communities of Laos. Unlike other districts, in Xepon more than 90% of VHVs are male and therefore experience difficulties interacting with pregnant women. To improve outreach to pregnant women, especially among ethnic minorities, a new project was implemented by local municipalities in 2017: newly selected female VHVs were paired to work with existing male VHVs. The objective of this study was to compare the postnatal depressive symptoms of ethnic minority mothers supported by pair-VHVs and single-VHVs in remote rural areas of Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2019. Mothers who had delivered a baby within 1 year preceding the study were recruited from 36 villages. Of the 305 mothers, 227 responded. The questionnaires included (1) demographic characteristics such as age, economic status, and birth experience; (2) self-decision to go to a health center/hospital to receive antenatal care; (3) type of VHVs (pair or single), support, and information from VHVs during pregnancy, support from husband and relationship with husband; (4) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of the Ryukyus and National Ethics Committee for Health Research of Lao PDR. RESULTS The average total EPDS score was 5.5 among mothers supported by pair-VHV and 7.0 among mothers supported by single-VHV. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the EPDS score was significantly lower among mothers supported by pair-VHV (β=-1.18, p <0.05) even after adjusting for economic and biological factors. CONCLUSIONS Mothers supported by pair-VHV had a significantly lower EPDS score than those supported by single-VHVs in this study area, suggesting that the support of male and female VHV pairs contributed to improving mental health status among ethnic minority mothers in remote rural areas of Lao PDR. Expanding the program to train female VHVs working with male VHVs is necessary for improving maternal and child health in a rural district of Lao PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Toyama
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | - Manami Uehara
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chika Sato
- Asia Health and Education Fund, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nishimoto
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Moji
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tiengkham Pongvongsa
- Savannakhet Provincial Health Department, Savannakhet, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takayama
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Misuzu Takahara
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tamashiro
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Endo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sengchanh Kounnavong
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Zeleke TA, Getinet W, Tadesse Tessema Z, Gebeyehu K. Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247005. [PMID: 33606768 PMCID: PMC7894900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, post-partum depression is a major public health problem and is associated with a harmful effect on the infant, child, and mothers' mental, physical, and social health. Although a few post-partum depression studies have been published, we still lack an accurate estimated pooled prevalence of national PPD and associated factors. OBJECTIVES This study aims to show the estimated pooled prevalence of PPD and associated factors in Ethiopia. METHODS We conduct the extensive search of articles as indicated in the guideline (PRISMA), reporting systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, psych INFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. All publications and grey literature were addressed by using MeSH terms and keywords. The pooled estimated effect of post-partum depression and associated factors was analyzed using the random effect model meta-analysis, and 95% CI was also considered. PROTOCOL AND REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020176769 Available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176769. RESULT A total of 11 studies with 7,582 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression (PPD) was 22.08%, with a 95% CI (17.66%, 26.49). For factors associated with post-partum depression, a random effect size model was used during meta-analysis; unplanned pregnancy [(OR = 2.84; 95% CI (2.04, 3.97)], domestic violence [OR = 3.14; 95% CI (2.59, 3.80)], and poor social support [OR = 3.57;95% CI (2.29,5.54) were positively associated factors with post-partum depression. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The estimated pooled prevalence of post-partum depression was high in Ethiopia. Unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, and domestic violence were factors affecting PPD. Therefore, the Ethiopian policymakers and health personnel better give more emphasis to mothers who had a history of unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, and poor social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Amare Zeleke
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondale Getinet
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Gebeyehu
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Tesfaye Y, Agenagnew L. Antenatal Depression and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service in Kochi Health Center, Jimma Town, Ethiopia. J Pregnancy 2021; 2021:5047432. [PMID: 33628509 PMCID: PMC7884161 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5047432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression has immense public health importance, as it can adversely affect both the mother and child health. The problem contributes to the disease burden in both developed and developing countries. Despite this, it is less investigated and not getting the necessary attention in the study setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among women attending antenatal care (ANC) service in Kochi Health Center, Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, 2019. METHOD Institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 314 pregnant women attending Kochi Health Center from February 15 to April 15, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include the study participants. Antenatal depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was done to summarize the dependent and independent variables. Moreover, the chi-square test analysis was done to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. RESULTS A total of 314 pregnant women participated in the study, making a response rate of 96.7%. The study has revealed a total of 52 (16.6%) of the respondent had antenatal depression. A chi-square test of independence analysis showed a significant association between antenatal depression and marital status, family history of depression, pregnancy planning, history of abortion, social support, and intimate partner violence (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION The study has shown that the prevalence of antenatal depression was high and associated with multiple psychosocial, clinical, and obstetric factors. Therefore, screening pregnant women for depression and the provision of necessary mental health services is recommended to mitigate the adverse health outcome of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Liyew Agenagnew
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Desta M, Memiah P, Kassie B, Ketema DB, Amha H, Getaneh T, Sintayehu M. Postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and inadequate social support in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:737-748. [PMID: 33234282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Despite remarkable progress in the reduction of maternal mortality, postpartum depression remains a major public health problem among vulnerable populations. In Ethiopia, study findings regarding postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and social support have been inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and inadequate social support in Ethiopia. METHODS We systematically searched international databases like PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the postpartum depression and or its predictors in Ethiopia were included. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. The I2 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum depression and its associations with the selected predictors. RESULTS The random effect meta-analysis of thirteen studies showed a pooled prevalence of postpartum depression was 21.55% (95% CI: 17.89, 25.94). The highest prevalence of postpartum depression occurred in Addis Ababa, 23.3% and the lowest was in Harar, 13.11%. Our meta-analysis indicated a 5.46 folds increased risk of postpartum depression among women exposed to intimate partner violence (POR = 5.46 (95%CI: 3.94, 7.56, I2=38.8%) and 6.27 folds increased risk postpartum depression among women who had inadequate social support (POR = 6.27 (95%CI: 4.83, 8.13, I2=0) relative to those who had adequate social support. The meta-analysis further revealed that marital dissatisfaction (POR = 2.6%; 95%CI: 1.48-4.65), previous postpartum depression (POR = 2.03%; 95%CI: 1.72-2.4), and substance abuse (POR = 2.03%; 95%CI: 1.72-2.4) were associated with postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that two in every ten postpartum women in Ethiopia are suffering from postpartum depression. Intimate partner violence and social support should be a major focus to improve women's mental health during postpartum period with the reduction of substance abuse. There is an urgent need for concerted efforts in the reduction of postpartum depression through prevention efforts of intimate partner violence and substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Desta
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Peter Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bekalu Kassie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bekele Ketema
- Department of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Haile Amha
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Getaneh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mezinew Sintayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Postpartum depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2020. Public Health Rev 2020; 41:21. [PMID: 32974057 PMCID: PMC7493842 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The postpartum period is recognized as a high-risk period for the development of various mood disorders like postpartum depression. Globally, postnatal depression is a serious public health problem that has a negative impact on the mother’s health and child development, especially in developing countries. In Ethiopia, even though there are different primary studies conducted on postpartum depression, there is no nationally representative evidence. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression in Ethiopia. Methods Published and unpublished articles from various electronic databases and digital libraries were accessed. This systematic review included studies that were conducted on the magnitude and factors associated with postpartum depression among postnatal women in Ethiopia. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum depression with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse variance (I2) was used to visualize the presence of heterogeneity, and forest plot was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum depression. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s statistical tests. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis were computed to minimize underlying heterogeneity. Result Initially, a total of 764 studies were accessed. Twenty-eight full articles were assessed for eligibility criteria, of which twelve studies fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of postpartum depression was 22.89% (95% CI 17.75%, 28.03%) with the lowest (12.20%) and highest (33.82%) in the Southern nations region. Unplanned pregnancy, domestic violence, lack of social support, previous history of depression, infant loss, and dissatisfaction in marriage showed a statistically significant association with postpartum depression. Conclusions In the current analysis, the prevalence of postpartum depression was high as compared with other developing countries. Routine screening of mothers in the postpartum period and integrating mental health with maternal health care is highly recommended.
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Yao J, Song T, Zhang Y, Guo N, Zhao P. Intraoperative ketamine for reduction in postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01715. [PMID: 32812388 PMCID: PMC7507540 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental disease happens in perinatal period. Ketamine as an anesthesia and analgesia drug has been used for a long time. In recent years, ketamine is proved to have an antidepression effect with a single administration. We hypothesized that intraoperative ketamine can reduce postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study trail, healthy women scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg diluted to 5 ml with 0.9% saline) or placebo (5 ml of 0.9% saline) within 5 min following clamping of the neonatal umbilical cord. The primary outcome was the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms, which was evaluated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, a threshold of 9/10 was used) at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after delivery. The secondary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score of pain at 2 days postpartum. This trail is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR1900022464. RESULTS Between 26 January 2019 and 15 July 2019, 502 subjects were screened and 330 were randomly allocated: 165 (50%) to the ketamine group and 165 (50%) to the placebo group. There were significant differences in the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms between subjects in the ketamine group and the placebo group at 1 week postpartum (13.1% vs. 22.6%, respectively; p = .029). However, no difference was found between subjects in the two groups at 2 weeks (11.8% vs. 16.8%, respectively; p = .209) and 1 month postpartum (10.5% vs. 14.2%, respectively; p = .319). The NRS score of wound pain (3.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.0 ± 1.0, respectively; p < .001) and uterine contraction pain (3.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9, respectively; p < .001) was lower in the ketamine group at 2 days postpartum compared with placebo group. The prevalence of headache, hallucination, and dizziness was higher in the ketamine group than the placebo group during the operation. CONCLUSIONS Operative intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) can reduce the postpartum depressive symptoms for 1 week. The long-time effect is remained to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yao
- The Second Department of AnesthesiaShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tingting Song
- The Second Department of AnesthesiaShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Second Department of AnesthesiaShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Nan Guo
- The Second Department of AnesthesiaShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ping Zhao
- The Second Department of AnesthesiaShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Yator O, Mathai M, Albert T, Kumar M. Burden of HIV-Related Stigma and Post-Partum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:532557. [PMID: 33716799 PMCID: PMC7947326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.532557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We look at how various HIV-related stigma subtypes, especially internalizing types, interact with postpartum depression (PPD) among women living with HIV. Additionally, we identify key psychosocial risk factors that influence stigma and PPD among women attending Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinics. Methods: In this cross-sectional design, 123 women living with HIV were recruited. Participants ages between 18 and 50, who were at least 8 weeks postpartum seeking PMTCT services at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), between June and September 2014 participated in the study. HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-PLWHA (HASI-P) was used to assesses stigma and Postpartum depression was assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Bivariate and multivariate regression models were used to determine the individual characteristics associated with the HIV-related stigma Scale. Post survey a few in-depth-interviews were conducted to explore individuals' stigma and depression experiences. Results: The mean age was 31.2 years (SD = 5.2). Fifty-nine (48%) women screened positive for significant depressive symptoms. Post-partum depression was a significant predictor of internalized stigma, enacted, and total stigma (P < 0.05). Older age was associated with less internalized stigma. Living with a partner was associated with more internalized stigma. Having an income above 100 USD per month was protective against stigma. Having good family social support was protective against internalized stigma. A higher educational level was protective against enacted stigma. Being treated for STIs was a risk factor for both enacted and overall stigma. Conclusions: HIV-related stigma needs to be addressed through integrated mental health care programs in PMTCT. Postpartum depression requires comprehensive management to improve short- and long-term outcomes of women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obadia Yator
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muthoni Mathai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Manasi Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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