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Jain SM, Nagainallur Ravichandran S, Murali Kumar M, Banerjee A, Sun-Zhang A, Zhang H, Pathak R, Sun XF, Pathak S. Understanding the molecular mechanism responsible for developing therapeutic radiation-induced radioresistance of rectal cancer and improving the clinical outcomes of radiotherapy - A review. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2317999. [PMID: 38445632 PMCID: PMC10936619 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2317999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer accounts for the second highest cancer-related mortality, which is predominant in Western civilizations. The treatment for rectal cancers includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Radiotherapy, specifically external beam radiation therapy, is the most common way to treat rectal cancer because radiation not only limits cancer progression but also significantly reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, therapeutic radiation-induced radioresistance to rectal cancer cells and toxicity to normal tissues are major drawbacks. Therefore, understanding the mechanistic basis of developing radioresistance during and after radiation therapy would provide crucial insight to improve clinical outcomes of radiation therapy for rectal cancer patients. Studies by various groups have shown that radiotherapy-mediated changes in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in developing radioresistance. Therapeutic radiation-induced hypoxia and functional alterations in the stromal cells, specifically tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), play a crucial role in developing radioresistance. In addition, signaling pathways, such as - the PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the hippo pathway, modulate the radiation responsiveness of cancer cells. Different radiosensitizers, such as small molecules, microRNA, nanomaterials, and natural and chemical sensitizers, are being used to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy. This review highlights the mechanism responsible for developing radioresistance of rectal cancer following radiotherapy and potential strategies to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy for better management of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha M Jain
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Shruthi Nagainallur Ravichandran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Makalakshmi Murali Kumar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Alexander Sun-Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
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Kerkhove L, Geirnaert F, Dufait I, De Ridder M. Ferroptosis: Frenemy of Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3641. [PMID: 38612455 PMCID: PMC11011408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was established that ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death, plays a prominent role in radiotherapy-triggered cell death. Accordingly, ferroptosis inducers attracted a lot of interest as potential radio-synergizing drugs, ultimately enhancing radioresponses and patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the tumor microenvironment seems to have a major impact on ferroptosis induction. The influence of hypoxic conditions is an area of interest, as it remains the principal hurdle in the field of radiotherapy. In this review, we focus on the implications of hypoxic conditions on ferroptosis, contemplating the plausibility of using ferroptosis inducers as clinical radiosensitizers. Furthermore, we dive into the prospects of drug repurposing in the domain of ferroptosis inducers and radiosensitizers. Lastly, the potential adverse effects of ferroptosis inducers on normal tissue were discussed in detail. This review will provide an important framework for subsequent ferroptosis research, ascertaining the feasibility of ferroptosis inducers as clinical radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.K.); (F.G.); (I.D.)
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Cupit-Link M, Hagiwara K, Zhang J, Federico SM. Clinical Response to a PARP Inhibitor and Chemotherapy in a Child with BARD1-Mutated Refractory Neuroblastoma: A Case Report. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3250117. [PMID: 37645774 PMCID: PMC10462232 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3250117/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma, approximately half of these patients die from the disease. Targeted therapy based on synthetic lethality associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) caused by germline mutations in homologous recombination repair genes has shown great efficacy in several adult solid tumors. Here we report the first successful treatment of a pediatric patient with refractory neuroblastoma and a germline pathogenic mutation in BARD1 using a PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Allele-specific expression in RNA-seq indicates bi-allelic loss of BARD1 in tumor; however, the HRD score was below the threshold currently used for HRD classification in adult cancers. Our study demonstrates that the use of PARP inhibition in combination with DNA-damaging agents should be considered in children with BARD1-mutated neuroblastoma and cautions against the use of HRD score alone as a biomarker for this pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Cupit-Link
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Kohei Hagiwara
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Sara M. Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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Alimova I, Murdock G, Pierce A, Wang D, Madhavan K, Brunt B, Venkataraman S, Vibhakar R. The PARP inhibitor Rucaparib synergizes with radiation to attenuate atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor growth. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad010. [PMID: 36915612 PMCID: PMC10007910 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are highly aggressive pediatric brain tumors. The available treatments rely on toxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which themselves can cause poor outcomes in young patients. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP), multifunctional enzymes which play an important role in DNA damage repair and genome stability have emerged as a new target in cancer therapy. An FDA-approved drug screen revealed that Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is important for ATRT cell growth. This study aims to investigate the effect of Rucaparib treatment in ATRT. Methods This study utilized cell viability, colony formation, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry assays to investigate Rucaparib's effectiveness in BT16 and MAF737 ATRT cell lines. In vivo, intracranial orthotopic xenograft model of ATRT was used. BT16 cell line was transduced with a luciferase-expressing vector and injected into the cerebellum of athymic nude mice. Animals were treated with Rucaparib by oral gavaging and irradiated with 2 Gy of radiation for 3 consecutive days. Tumor growth was monitored using In Vivo Imaging System. Results Rucaparib treatment decreased ATRT cell growth, inhibited clonogenic potential of ATRT cells, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and led to DNA damage accumulation as shown by increased expression of γH2AX. In vivo, Rucaparib treatment decreased tumor growth, sensitized ATRT cells to radiation and significantly increased mice survival. Conclusion We demonstrated that Rucaparib has potential to be a new therapeutic strategy for ATRT as seen by its ability to decrease ATRT tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Krishna Madhavan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Breauna Brunt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Soni A, Lin X, Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. BMN673 Is a PARP Inhibitor with Unique Radiosensitizing Properties: Mechanisms and Potential in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225619. [PMID: 36428712 PMCID: PMC9688666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BMN673 is a relatively new PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that exhibits superior efficacy in vitro compared to olaparib and other clinically relevant PARPi. BMN673, similar to most clinical PARPi, inhibits the catalytic activities of PARP-1 and PARP-2 and shows impressive anticancer potential as monotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. Tumor resistance to PARPi poses a significant challenge in the clinic. Thus, combining PARPi with other treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy (RT), is being actively pursued to overcome such resistance. However, the modest to intermediate radiosensitization exerted by olaparib, rucaparib, and veliparib, limits the rationale and the scope of such combinations. The recently reported strong radiosensitizing potential of BMN673 forecasts a paradigm shift on this front. Evidence accumulates that BMN673 may radiosensitize via unique mechanisms causing profound shifts in the balance among DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. According to one of the emerging models, BMN673 strongly inhibits classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and increases reciprocally and profoundly DSB end-resection, enhancing error-prone DSB processing that robustly potentiates cell killing. In this review, we outline and summarize the work that helped to formulate this model of BMN673 action on DSB repair, analyze the causes of radiosensitization and discuss its potential as a radiosensitizer in the clinic. Finally, we highlight strategies for combining BMN673 with other inhibitors of DNA damage response for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xixi Lin
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4152
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Ivasechko I, Yushyn I, Roszczenko P, Senkiv J, Finiuk N, Lesyk D, Holota S, Czarnomysy R, Klyuchivska O, Khyluk D, Kashchak N, Gzella A, Bielawski K, Bielawska A, Stoika R, Lesyk R. Development of Novel Pyridine-Thiazole Hybrid Molecules as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196219. [PMID: 36234755 PMCID: PMC9570594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel pyridine-thiazole hybrid molecules were synthesized and subjected to physico-chemical characterization and screening of their cytotoxic action towards a panel of cell lines derived from different types of tumors (carcinomas of colon, breast, and lung, glioblastoma and leukemia), and normal human keratinocytes, for comparison. High antiproliferative activity of the 3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-[4-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-thiazol-5-yl]-propenone 3 and 4-(2-{1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-thiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropylsulfanyl}-acetylamino)-benzoic acid ethyl ester 4 was revealed. The IC50 of the compound 3 in HL-60 cells of the acute human promyelocytic leukemia was 0.57 µM, while in the pseudo-normal human cell lines, the IC50 of this compound was >50 µM, which suggests that the compounds 3 and 4 might be perspective anticancer agents. The detected selectivity of the derivatives 3 and 4 for cancer cell lines inspired us to study the mechanisms of their cytotoxic action. It was shown that preincubation of tumor cells with Fluzaparib (inhibitor of PARP1) reduced the cytotoxic activity of the derivatives 3 and 4 by more than twice. The ability of these compounds to affect DNA nativity and cause changes in nucleus morphology allows for the suggestion that the mechanism of action of the novel pyridine-thiazole derivatives might be related to inducing the genetic instability in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Ivasechko
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ihor Yushyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julia Senkiv
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Olga Klyuchivska
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Khyluk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Nataliya Kashchak
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +380-677038010
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Bisht P, Kumar VU, Pandey R, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Role of PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma and Perceiving Challenges as Well as Strategies for Successful Clinical Development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939570. [PMID: 35873570 PMCID: PMC9297740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most aggressive primary type of brain tumor, representing 54% of all gliomas. The average life span for glioblastoma multiform is around 14-15 months instead of treatment. The current treatment for glioblastoma multiform includes surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy for 6.5 months, followed by another 6 months of maintenance therapy with temozolomide chemotherapy (5 days every month). However, resistance to temozolomide is frequently one of the limiting factors in effective treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been investigated as sensitizing drugs to enhance temozolomide potency. However, clinical use of PARP inhibitors in glioblastoma multiform is difficult due to a number of factors such as limited blood-brain barrier penetration of PARP inhibitors, inducing resistance due to frequent use of PARP inhibitors, and overlapping hematologic toxicities of PARP inhibitors when co-administered with glioblastoma multiform standard treatment (radiation therapy and temozolomide). This review elucidates the role of PARP inhibitors in temozolomide resistance, multiple factors that make development of these PARP inhibitor drugs challenging, and the strategies such as the development of targeted drug therapies and combination therapy to combat the resistance of PARP inhibitors that can be adopted to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - V. Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
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Angel M, Zarba M, Sade JP. PARP inhibitors as a radiosensitizer: a future promising approach in prostate cancer? Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 15:ed118. [PMID: 35211207 PMCID: PMC8816501 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.ed118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (iPARPs) have shown efficacy in homologous recombination (HR) deficiency patients with advanced castration resistant prostate cancer and have shown a radiosensitizing effect in preclinical and early clinical trials. Preclinical data in prostate cancer cells suggest a similar cytotoxic effect with half the radiation dose under the effect of Olaparib or Rucaparib irrespective of HR status. Due to the biologic synergy of radiotherapy (RT) and iPARPs, the risk of recurrence of high-risk prostate cancer and the morbidity associated with prostate cancer local treatment, this interesting strategy seems promising, and a better understanding of the clinical implications remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Angel
- Medical Oncologist, Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Cramer 1180, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1426ANZ, Argentina.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-8887
| | - Martin Zarba
- Medical Oncology Fellow, FUCA, Cramer 1180, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1426ANZ, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Sade
- Medical Oncologist, Chief Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Cramer 1180, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1426ANZ, Argentina
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Seo Y, Tamari K, Takahashi Y, Minami K, Tatekawa S, Isohashi F, Suzuki O, Akino Y, Ogawa K. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors sensitize cancer cells to hypofractionated radiotherapy through altered selection of DNA double-strand break repair pathways. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1222-1234. [PMID: 34919022 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are known to induce radiosensitization. However, the exact mechanisms of radiosensitization remain unclear. We previously reported that PARPi may have a unique radiosensitizing effect to enhance β-components of the linear-quadratic model. The aim of this study was to evaluate PARPi in combination with high-dose-per-fraction radiotherapy and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of its radiosensitization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiosensitizing effects of PARPi PJ34, olaparib, and veliparib were measured using a colony-forming assay in the human cancer cell lines, HCT116, NCI-H460, and HT29. Six different radiation dose fractionation schedules were examined by tumor regrowth assay using three-dimensional multicellular spheroids of HCT116, NCI-H460, SW620, and HCT15. The mechanisms of radiosensitization were analyzed by measuring DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), DNA damage responses, chromosomal translocations, cellular senescence, and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS Olaparib and PJ34 were found to show radiosensitization preferentially at higher radiation doses per fraction. Similar results were obtained using a mouse model bearing human tumor xenografts. A kinetic analysis of DNA damage responses and repairs showed that olaparib and PJ34 reduced the homologous recombination activity. However, a neutral comet assay showed that PJ34 treatment did not affect the physical rejoining of DNA-DSBs induced by ionizing radiation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that olaparib and PJ34 strikingly increased G1 tetraploid cells following irradiation, leading to premature senescence. The C-banding analysis of metaphase spreads showed that olaparib and PJ34 significantly increased ionizing radiation-induced dicentric chromosomes. The data suggests that PARPi olaparib and PJ34 altered the choice of DNA-DSB repair pathways rather than reducing the total amount of DNA-DSB repair, which resulted in increased repair errors. Increased quadratic misrepair was one of the mechanisms of PARP-mediated radiosensitization, preferentially at the higher dose range compared to the lower dose range. CONCLUSION PARPi may be a promising candidate to combine with stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy, aiming at high-dose region-directed radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Akino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Mekkawy MH, Fahmy HA, Nada AS, Ali OS. Radiosensitizing Effect of Bromelain Using Tumor Mice Model via Ki-67 and PARP-1 Inhibition. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211060369. [PMID: 34825602 PMCID: PMC8649096 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that bromelain (BL), a pineapple extract, acts as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment and prevention of carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms by which BL could radiosensitize tumor cells in vitro and in a mouse tumor model. BL has shown a significant reduction in the viability of the radioresistant human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line using cell proliferation assay. The in vivo study was designed using the Ehrlich model in female albino mice, treated with BL (6 mg/kg b. wt., intraperitoneal, once daily for 10 days) 1 hour before exposure to a fractionated dose of gamma radiation (5 Gy, 1 Gy for 5 subsequent days). The radiosensitizing effect of BL was evident in terms of a significant reduction in tumor volume, poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the proliferation marker Ki-67 and nuclear factor kappa activated B cells (NF-κB) with a significant elevation in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tumor cells. The present findings offer a novel insight into the radiosensitizing effect of BL and its potential application in the radiotherapy course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Mekkawy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola S Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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van Doorn CLR, Steenbergen SAM, Walburg KV, Ottenhoff THM. Pharmacological Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors Decrease Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712021. [PMID: 34899683 PMCID: PMC8662539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellites (DM) is correlated with increased susceptibility to and disease progression of tuberculosis (TB), and strongly impairs effective global TB control measures. To better control the TB-DM co-epidemic, unravelling the bidirectional interactivity between DM-associated molecular processes and immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is urgently required. Since poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation has been associated with DM and with Mtb infection in mouse models, we have investigated whether PARP inhibition by pharmacological compounds can interfere with host protection against Mtb in human macrophage subsets, the predominant target cell of Mtb. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP decreased intracellular Mtb and MDR-Mtb levels in human macrophages, identifying PARP as a potential target for host-directed therapy against Mtb. PARP inhibition was associated with modified chemokine secretion and upregulation of cell surface activation markers by human macrophages. Targeting LDH, a secondary target of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib, resulted in decreased intracellular Mtb, suggesting a metabolic role in rucaparib-induced control of Mtb. We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of PARP is a potential novel strategy in developing innovative host-directed therapies against intracellular bacterial infections.
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12
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Elbanna M, Chowdhury NN, Rhome R, Fishel ML. Clinical and Preclinical Outcomes of Combining Targeted Therapy With Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:749496. [PMID: 34733787 PMCID: PMC8558533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, radiation medicine is currently focused on the precise delivery of highly conformal radiation treatments. However, the tremendous developments in targeted therapy are yet to fulfill their full promise and arguably have the potential to dramatically enhance the radiation therapeutic ratio. The increased ability to molecularly profile tumors both at diagnosis and at relapse and the co-incident progress in the field of radiogenomics could potentially pave the way for a more personalized approach to radiation treatment in contrast to the current ‘‘one size fits all’’ paradigm. Few clinical trials to date have shown an improved clinical outcome when combining targeted agents with radiation therapy, however, most have failed to show benefit, which is arguably due to limited preclinical data. Several key molecular pathways could theoretically enhance therapeutic effect of radiation when rationally targeted either by directly enhancing tumor cell kill or indirectly through the abscopal effect of radiation when combined with novel immunotherapies. The timing of combining molecular targeted therapy with radiation is also important to determine and could greatly affect the outcome depending on which pathway is being inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Elbanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nayela N Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ryan Rhome
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Optimizing the Schedule of PARP Inhibitors in Combination with 177Lu-DOTATATE: A Dosimetry Rationale. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111570. [PMID: 34829796 PMCID: PMC8615768 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
177Lu-DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumours is considered a low-toxicity treatment and may therefore be combined with other pharmaceuticals to potentiate its efficacy. One approach is to add a poly-[ADP-ribose]-polymerase (PARP) inhibitor to decrease the ability of tumour cells to repair 177Lu-induced DNA damage. To decrease the risk of side effects, the sequencing should be optimized according to the tumour-to-normal tissue enhanced dose ratio (TNED). The aim of this study was to investigate how to enhance 177Lu-DOTATATE by optimal timing of the addition of a PARP inhibitor. Biokinetic modelling was performed based on the absorbed dose to the bone marrow, kidneys and tumour; determined from SPECT/CT and planar images from 17 patients treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE. To investigate the theoretical enhanced biological effect of a PARP inhibitor during 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment, the concept of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was used, and PARP inhibitor administration was simulated over different time intervals. The absorbed dose rate for the tumour tissue demonstrated an initial increase phase until 12 h after infusion followed by a slow decrease. In contrast, the bone marrow showed a rapid initial dose rate decrease. Twenty-eight days after infusion of 177Lu-DOTATATE, the full absorbed dose to the bone marrow and kidney was reached. Using an RBE value of 2 for both the tumour and normal tissues, the TNED was increased compared to 177Lu-DOTATATE alone. According to the modelling, the PARP inhibitor should be introduced approximately 24 h after the start of 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment and be continued for up to four weeks to optimize the TNED. Based on these results, a phase I trial assessing the combination of olaparib and 177Lu-DOTATATE in somatostatin receptor-positive tumours was launched in 2020 (NCT04375267).
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Saravi S, Alizzi Z, Tosi S, Hall M, Karteris E. Preclinical Studies on the Effect of Rucaparib in Ovarian Cancer: Impact of BRCA2 Status. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092434. [PMID: 34572083 PMCID: PMC8472031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Approximately 50% of ovarian cancer patients harbour homologous recombination repair deficiencies. These deficiencies have been successfully targeted using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) particularly for patients harbouring BRCA1/2 mutations. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the PARPi rucaparib in vitro using cell lines with BRCA2 mutations in comparison to those with BRCA2 wild type. Methods: Cell proliferation assays, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, annexin V/PI assays were used to assess the effects of rucaparib in vitro. Results: The BRCA2 mutant ovarian cancer cell line PEO1 exhibited higher PARP1 activity when treated with H2O2 compared to wild type cell lines. The migratory and proliferative capacity of PEO1 cells was compromised following treatment with rucaparib 10 µM compared to BRCA2 wild-type cell lines via a mechanism involving the mTOR pathway. Rucaparib treatment significantly increased DNA damage primarily in PEO1 cells and SKOV3 cells compared with wild type. Conclusions: Appropriate identification of robust predictive biomarkers for homologous recombination deficiency using ‘liquid’ biopsies would facilitate the identification of patients suitable for PARPi therapy. Preliminary efforts to undertake such testing are described here. This study also demonstrates the mechanisms of action of rucaparib (PARPi) which may involve elements of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Saravi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Zena Alizzi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Marcia Hall
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.K.)
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15
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Murray I, Flux G. Applying radiobiology to clinical molecular radiotherapy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 100-101:1-3. [PMID: 34091132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Murray
- Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Glenn Flux
- Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
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16
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Liu Y, Zheng C, Huang Y, He M, Xu WW, Li B. Molecular mechanisms of chemo- and radiotherapy resistance and the potential implications for cancer treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:315-340. [PMID: 34766149 PMCID: PMC8554658 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery is the primary treatment approach for cancer, but the survival rate is very low due to the rapid progression of the disease and presence of local and distant metastasis at diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are important components of the multidisciplinary approaches for cancer treatment. However, resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy may result in treatment failure or even cancer recurrence. Radioresistance in cancer is often caused by the repair response to radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle dysregulation, cancer stem cells (CSCs) resilience, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Understanding the molecular alterations that lead to radioresistance may provide new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Patients who develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs cannot benefit from the cytotoxicity induced by the prescribed drug and will likely have a poor outcome with these treatments. Chemotherapy often shows a low response rate due to various drug resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance and chemoresistance in cancer and discusses recent developments in therapeutic strategies targeting chemoradiotherapy resistance to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Can‐Can Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yun‐Na Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineNational Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ming‐Liang He
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineNational Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
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Tber Z, Loubidi M, Jouha J, Hdoufane I, Erdogan MA, Saso L, Armagan G, Berteina-Raboin S. Pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5- c]isoquinolin-5-amines as Potential Cytotoxic Agents against Human Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080750. [PMID: 34451847 PMCID: PMC8399734 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the evaluation of various pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolin-5-amines as potential cytotoxic agents. These molecules were obtained by developing the multicomponent Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction to yield various pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines which are isosteres of ellipticine whose biological activities are well established. To evaluate the anticancer potential of these pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolin-5-amine derivatives in the human neuroblastoma cell line, the cytotoxicity was examined using the WST-1 assay after 72 h drug exposure. A clonogenic assay was used to assess the ability of treated cells to proliferate and form colonies. Protein expressions (Bax, bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP-1) were analyzed using Western blotting. The colony number decrease in cells was 50.54%, 37.88% and 27.12% following exposure to compounds 2d, 2g and 4b respectively at 10 μM. We also show that treating the neuroblastoma cell line with these compounds resulted in a significant alteration in caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Tber
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Mohammed Loubidi
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jabrane Jouha
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Ismail Hdoufane
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech BP 2390, Morocco;
| | - Mümin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (S.B.-R.); Tel.: +33-238-494-856 (S.B.-R.)
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (S.B.-R.); Tel.: +33-238-494-856 (S.B.-R.)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the constitutive nuclear and mitochondrial enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction, inflammation, and organ failure in various forms of critical illness. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib in an experimental model of pancreatitis in vivo and in a pancreatic cell line subjected to oxidative stress in vitro. The preclinical studies were complemented with analysis of clinical samples to detect PARP activation in pancreatitis. METHODS Mice were subjected to cerulein-induced pancreatitis; circulating mediators and circulating organ injury markers; pancreatic myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels were measured and histology of the pancreas was assessed. In human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDE) subjected to oxidative stress, PARP activation was measured by PAR Western blotting and cell viability and DNA integrity were quantified. In clinical samples, PARP activation was assessed by PAR (the enzymatic product of PARP) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In male mice subjected to pancreatitis, olaparib (3 mg/kg i.p.) improved pancreatic function: it reduced pancreatic myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels, attenuated the plasma amylase levels, and improved the histological picture of the pancreas. It also attenuated the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IP-10, KC) but not MCP-1, RANTES, or the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Finally, it prevented the slight, but significant increase in plasma blood urea nitrogen level, suggesting improved renal function. The protective effect of olaparib was also confirmed in female mice. In HPDE cells subjected to oxidative stress olaparib (1 μM) inhibited PARP activity, protected against the loss of cell viability, and prevented the loss of cellular NAD levels. Olaparib, at 1μM to 30 μM did not have any adverse effects on DNA integrity. In human pancreatic samples from patients who died of pancreatitis, increased accumulation of PAR was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Olaparib improves organ function and tempers the hyperinflammatory response in pancreatitis. It also protects against pancreatic cell injury in vitro without adversely affecting DNA integrity. Repurposing and eventual clinical introduction of this clinically approved PARP inhibitor may be warranted for the experimental therapy of pancreatitis.
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PARP Inhibitors Talazoparib and Niraparib Sensitize Melanoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060849. [PMID: 34073147 PMCID: PMC8229922 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Niraparib and Talazoparib are poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitors. It is assumed that combining PARP inhibitors with radiotherapy could be beneficial for cancer treatment. In this study, melanoma cells were treated with Niraparib and Talazoparib in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). (2) Methods: The effects of Talazoparib and Niraparib in combination with IR on cell death, clonogenicity and cell cycle arrest were studied in healthy primary fibroblasts and primary melanoma cells. (3) Results: The melanoma cells had a higher PARP1 and PARP2 content than the healthy fibroblasts, and further increased their PARP2 content after the combination therapy. PARP inhibitors both sensitized fibroblasts and melanoma cells to IR. A clear supra-additive effect of KI+IR treatment was detected in two melanoma cell lines analyzing the surviving fraction. The cell death rate increased in the healthy fibroblasts, but to a larger extent in melanoma cells after combined treatment. Finally, a lower percentage of cells in the radiosensitive G2/M phase is present in the healthy fibroblasts compared to the melanoma cells. (4) Conclusions: Both PARP inhibitors sensitize melanoma cells to IR. Healthy tissue seems to be less affected than melanoma cells. However, the great heterogeneity of the results suggests prior testing of the tumor cells in order to personalize the treatment.
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Nile DL, Rae C, Walker DJ, Waddington JC, Vincent I, Burgess K, Gaze MN, Mairs RJ, Chalmers AJ. Inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration promotes radiosensitisation of neuroblastoma and glioma cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 34011385 PMCID: PMC8136224 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma accounts for 7% of paediatric malignancies but is responsible for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Despite rigorous treatment involving chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the 5-year overall survival rate of high-risk disease remains < 40%, highlighting the need for improved therapy. Since neuroblastoma cells exhibit aberrant metabolism, we determined whether their sensitivity to radiotherapy could be enhanced by drugs affecting cancer cell metabolism. METHODS Using a panel of neuroblastoma and glioma cells, we determined the radiosensitising effects of inhibitors of glycolysis (2-DG) and mitochondrial function (metformin). Mechanisms underlying radiosensitisation were determined by metabolomic and bioenergetic profiling, flow cytometry and live cell imaging and by evaluating different treatment schedules. RESULTS The radiosensitising effects of 2-DG were greatly enhanced by combination with the antidiabetic biguanide, metformin. Metabolomic analysis and cellular bioenergetic profiling revealed this combination to elicit severe disruption of key glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolites, causing significant reductions in ATP generation and enhancing radiosensitivity. Combination treatment induced G2/M arrest that persisted for at least 24 h post-irradiation, promoting apoptotic cell death in a large proportion of cells. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that the radiosensitising effect of 2-DG was significantly enhanced by its combination with metformin. This clearly demonstrates that dual metabolic targeting has potential to improve clinical outcomes in children with high-risk neuroblastoma by overcoming radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Nile
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Present Address: Integrated Covid Hub North East (ICHNE) Innovation Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK.
| | - Colin Rae
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David J Walker
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Present Address: School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | | | - Isabel Vincent
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Present Address: Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Present Address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Mark N Gaze
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Robert J Mairs
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Sinha A, Katyal S, Kauppinen TM. PARP-DNA trapping ability of PARP inhibitors jeopardizes astrocyte viability: Implications for CNS disease therapeutics. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108502. [PMID: 33631119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging interest in the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in neurodegeneration and potential of its therapeutic targeting in neurodegenerative disorders. New generations of PARP inhibitors exhibit polypharmacological properties; they do not only block enzymatic activity with lower doses, but also alter how PARP-1 interacts with DNA. While these new inhibitors have proven useful in cancer therapy due to their ability to kill cancer cell, their use in neurodegenerative disorders has an opposite goal: cell protection. We hypothesize that newer generation PARP-1 inhibitors jeopardize the viability of dividing CNS cells by promoting DNA damage upon the PARP-DNA interaction. Using enriched murine astrocyte cultures, our study evaluates the effects of a variety of drugs known to inhibit PARP; talazoparib, olaparib, PJ34 and minocycline. Despite similar PARP enzymatic inhibiting activities, we show here that these drugs result in varied cell viability. Talazoparib and olaparib reduce astrocyte growth in a dose-dependent manner, while astrocytes remain unaffected by PJ34 and minocycline. Similarly, PJ34 and minocycline do not jeopardize DNA integrity, while treatment with talazoparib and olaparib promote DNA damage. These two drugs impact astrocytes similarly in basal conditions and upon nitrosative stress, a pathological condition typical for neurodegeneration. Mechanistic assessment revealed that talazoparib and olaparib promote PARP trapping onto DNA in a dose-dependent manner, while PJ34 and minocycline do not induce PARP-DNA trapping. This study provides unique insight into the selective use of PARP inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative disorders whereby inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity must occur without deleteriously trapping PARP onto DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave, RM ON5010, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E0V9, Canada; Kleysen Institute for Advance Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0Z3, Canada.
| | - Sachin Katyal
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave, RM ON5010, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E0V9, Canada.
| | - Tiina M Kauppinen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada; Kleysen Institute for Advance Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, 710 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0Z3, Canada.
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22
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Aldridge MD, Peet C, Wan S, Shankar A, Gains JE, Bomanji JB, Gaze MN. Paediatric Molecular Radiotherapy: Challenges and Opportunities. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:80-91. [PMID: 33246658 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The common contemporary indications for paediatric molecular radiotherapy (pMRT) are differentiated thyroid cancer and neuroblastoma. It may also have value in neuroendocrine cancers, and it is being investigated in clinical trials for other diseases. pMRT is the prototypical biomarker-driven, precision therapy, with a unique mode of delivery and mechanism of action. It is safe and well tolerated, compared with other treatments. However, its full potential has not yet been achieved, and its wider use faces a number of challenges and obstacles. Paradoxically, the success of radioactive iodine as a curative treatment for metastatic thyroid cancer has led to a 'one size fits all' approach and limited academic enquiry into optimisation of the conventional treatment regimen, until very recently. Second, the specialised requirements for the delivery of pMRT are available in only a very limited number of centres. This limited capacity and geographical coverage results in reduced accessibility. With few enthusiastic advocates for this treatment modality, investment in research to improve treatments and broaden indications from both industry and national and charitable research funders has historically been suboptimal. Nonetheless, there is now an increasing interest in the opportunities offered by pMRT. Increased research funding has been allocated, and technical developments that will permit innovative approaches in pMRT are available for exploration. A new portfolio of clinical trials is being assembled. These studies should help to move at least some paediatric treatments from simply palliative use into potentially curative protocols. Therapeutic strategies require modification and optimisation to achieve this. The delivery should be personalised and tailored appropriately, with a comprehensive evaluation of tumour and organ-at-risk dosimetry, in alignment with the external beam model of radiotherapy. This article gives an overview of the current status of pMRT, indicating the barriers to progress and identifying ways in which these may be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Aldridge
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Peet
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Shankar
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J E Gains
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J B Bomanji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M N Gaze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Li D, Kou Y, Gao Y, Liu S, Yang P, Hasegawa T, Su R, Guo J, Li M. Oxaliplatin induces the PARP1-mediated parthanatos in oral squamous cell carcinoma by increasing production of ROS. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4242-4257. [PMID: 33495407 PMCID: PMC7906208 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its prognosis is still not optimistic. Oxaliplatin is a type of platinum chemotherapeutic agent, but its treatment effects on OSCC and molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Parthanatos, a unique form of cell death, plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to investigate whether oxaliplatin inhibits OSCC by inducing parthanatos. Our results showed that oxaliplatin inhibited the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells in vitro, and also inhibited the tumorigenesis in vivo. Further experiments proved that oxaliplatin induced parthanatos in OSCC cells, characterized by depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, up-regulation of PARP1, AIF and MIF in the nucleus, as well as the nuclear translocation of AIF. Meanwhile, PARP1 inhibitor rucaparib and siRNA against PARP1 attenuated oxaliplatin-induced parthanatos in OSCC cells. In addition, we found that oxaliplatin caused oxidative stress in OSCC cells, and antioxidant NAC not only relieved oxaliplatin-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also reversed parthanatos caused by oxaliplatin. In conclusion, our results indicate that oxaliplatin inhibits OSCC by activating PARP1-mediated parthanatos through increasing the production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuying Kou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Rongjian Su
- Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, College of Basic Medicine of Jinzhou Medical University, Cell Biology and Genetic Department of Jinzhou Medical University, Key Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Education Department of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
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Lal S, Snape TJ. A therapeutic update on PARP inhibitors: implications in the treatment of glioma. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:532-541. [PMID: 33157194 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are among the most aggressive and devastating. Further, due to unavailability of neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons, the specialized treatment options of CNS cancers are still not completely available in most parts of the world. Among various strategies of inducing death in cancer cells, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has emerged as a beneficial therapy when combined with other anticancer agents. In this review, we provide a detailed therapeutic update of PARP inhibitors that have shown clinical activity against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Lal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India.
| | - Timothy J Snape
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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Zhang BS, Wang F, Yang YH, Gou XY, Qiu YF, Wang XC, Liang YM, Li Y, Quan ZJ. Synthesis of C4-Substituted Indoles via a Catellani and C–N Bond Activation Strategy. Org Lett 2020; 22:8267-8271. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Ying-Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Feng Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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Abstract
PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitors represent a novel class of anti-cancer therapy; they take advantage of synthetic lethality and induce cell death by exploiting a defect in DNA repair. This class of medication was initially evaluated in patients with BRCA-associated tumors, but efficacy was also demonstrated in other populations. Since 2014, four PARP inhibitors have been approved in various indications: olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and olaparib and talazoparib in metastatic breast cancer. The exact indications and study populations vary slightly between the different approvals in both disease states but there is significant overlap. PARP inhibitors continue to be investigated in ongoing clinical trials. In line with other targeted therapies, benefit appears to be strongest in a distinct population of patients with BRCA mutations or other defects in homologous recombination repair. Combination therapies, which include anti-angiogenesis agents and immunotherapy, show promise as a strategy to broaden efficacy for unselected patients. Initial studies of PARP inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy were limited by toxicity, but further studies are underway. To date, head-to-head trials comparing various PARP inhibitors have not been conducted, so questions remain in terms of choosing a PARP inhibitor to administer when indications overlap, as well as how to sequence these medications. Here we review both completed and ongoing clinical trials involving PARP inhibitors and mechanisms of resistance to this class of drugs.
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TET1 promotes growth of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and can be antagonized via PARP inhibition. Leukemia 2020; 35:389-403. [PMID: 32409690 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer characterized by skewed epigenetic patterns, raising the possibility of therapeutically targeting epigenetic factors in this disease. Here we report that among different cancer types, epigenetic factor TET1 is highly expressed in T-ALL and is crucial for human T-ALL cell growth in vivo. Knockout of TET1 in mice and knockdown in human T cell did not perturb normal T-cell proliferation, indicating that TET1 expression is dispensable for normal T-cell growth. The promotion of leukemic growth by TET1 was dependent on its catalytic property to maintain global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) marks, thereby regulate cell cycle, DNA repair genes, and T-ALL associated oncogenes. Furthermore, overexpression of the Tet1-catalytic domain was sufficient to augment global 5hmC levels and leukemic growth of T-ALL cells in vivo. We demonstrate that PARP enzymes, which are highly expressed in T-ALL patients, participate in establishing H3K4me3 marks at the TET1 promoter and that PARP1 interacts with the TET1 protein. Importantly, the growth related role of TET1 in T-ALL could be antagonized by the clinically approved PARP inhibitor Olaparib, which abrogated TET1 expression, induced loss of 5hmC marks, and antagonized leukemic growth of T-ALL cells, opening a therapeutic avenue for this disease.
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ATR Inhibition Potentiates PARP Inhibitor Cytotoxicity in High Risk Neuroblastoma Cell Lines by Multiple Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051095. [PMID: 32354033 PMCID: PMC7281288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) is one the most difficult childhood cancers to cure. These tumours frequently present with DNA damage response (DDR) defects including loss or mutation of key DDR genes, oncogene-induced replication stress (RS) and cell cycle checkpoint dysfunction. Aim: To identify biomarkers of sensitivity to inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), a DNA damage sensor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is required for single strand break repair. We also hypothesise that combining ATR and PARP inhibition is synergistic. Methods: Single agent sensitivity to VE-821 (ATR inhibitor) and olaparib (PARP inhibitor), and the combination, was determined using cell proliferation and clonogenic assays, in HR-NB cell lines. Basal expression of DDR proteins, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATR, was assessed using Western blotting. CHK1S345 and H2AXS129 phosphorylation was assessed using Western blotting to determine ATR activity and RS, respectively. RS and homologous recombination repair (HRR) activity was also measured by γH2AX and Rad51 foci formation using immunofluorescence. Results: MYCN amplification and/or low ATM protein expression were associated with sensitivity to VE-821 (p < 0.05). VE-821 was synergistic with olaparib (CI value 0.04-0.89) independent of MYCN or ATM status. Olaparib increased H2AXS129 phosphorylation which was further increased by VE-821. Olaparib-induced Rad51 foci formation was reduced by VE-821 suggesting inhibition of HRR. Conclusion: RS associated with MYCN amplification, ATR loss or PARP inhibition increases sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor VE-821. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HR-NB.
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Southgate HED, Chen L, Curtin NJ, Tweddle DA. Targeting the DNA Damage Response for the Treatment of High Risk Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:371. [PMID: 32309213 PMCID: PMC7145987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive multimodal therapy, the survival rate for high risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) remains <50%. Most cases initially respond to treatment but almost half will subsequently relapse with aggressive treatment resistant disease. Novel treatments exploiting the molecular pathology of NB and/or overcoming resistance to current genotoxic therapies are needed before survival rates can significantly improve. DNA damage response (DDR) defects are frequently observed in HR-NB including allelic deletion and loss of function mutations in key DDR genes, oncogene induced replication stress and cell cycle checkpoint dysfunction. Exploiting defects in the DDR has been a successful treatment strategy in some adult cancers. Here we review the genetic features of HR-NB which lead to DDR defects and the emerging molecular targeting agents to exploit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet E D Southgate
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindi Chen
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Tweddle
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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30
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El Demerdash N, Kedda J, Ram N, Brem H, Tyler B. Novel therapeutics for brain tumors: current practice and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:9-21. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jayanidhi Kedda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nivi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oncology, and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Rucaparib (Rubraca®) is a small molecule poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor with potent activity against PARP-1, -2 and -3. It is approved in the USA and the EU for the treatment of adult patients with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer who have been treated with two or more lines of chemotherapy. Rucaparib is also approved in the USA and the EU for use as maintenance therapy in adult patients with recurrent or relapsed ovarian cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Based on an analysis of patients across two phase II clinical trials, rucaparib displayed clinical activity as third- (or later-) line treatment of BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, with rucaparib-treated patients having a confirmed objective response rate of 54%. Furthermore, as demonstrated in the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III ARIEL3 trial, rucaparib significantly improved progression-free survival when used as maintenance treatment in patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Rucaparib had an acceptable tolerability profile in clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer. Common adverse events were generally manageable with dose modification and/or supportive care. Thus, currently available data indicate that rucaparib is a useful addition to the options available to clinicians for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, in both the treatment and maintenance therapy settings.
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32
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A Small Compound KJ-28d Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Radio- and Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236026. [PMID: 31795418 PMCID: PMC6928747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor N-(3-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl)carboxamide (designated KJ-28d), which increased the death of human ovarian cancer BRCA1-deficient SNU-251 cells. In the present study, we further investigated the antitumor activities of KJ-28d in BRCA-proficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to expand the use of PARP inhibitors. KJ-28d significantly inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species in A549 and H1299 cells. Combined treatment with KJ-28d and ionizing radiation led to increased DNA damage responses in A549 and H1299 cells compared to KJ-28d or ionizing radiation alone, resulting in apoptotic cell death. Moreover, the combination of KJ-28d plus a DNA-damaging therapeutic agent (carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, or doxorubicin) synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, compared to either drug alone. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the potential of KJ-28d as an effective anti-cancer therapeutic agent for BRCA-deficient and -proficient cancer cells. KJ-28d might have potential as an adjuvant when used in combination with radiotherapy or DNA-damaging agents, pending further investigations.
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33
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Lee TW, Wong WW, Dickson BD, Lipert B, Cheng GJ, Hunter FW, Hay MP, Wilson WR. Radiosensitization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines by DNA-PK inhibitors is more effective than PARP-1 inhibition and is enhanced by SLFN11 and hypoxia. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1597-1612. [PMID: 31490091 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1664787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose: Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) play key roles in the repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks, but it is unclear which is the preferred therapeutic target in radiotherapy. Here we compare small molecule inhibitors of both as radiosensitizers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines.Methods: Two PARP1 inhibitors (olaparib, veliparib) and two DNA-PK inhibitors (KU57788, IC87361) were tested in 14 HNSCC cell lines and two non-tumorigenic lines (HEK-293 and WI-38/Va-13), with drug exposure for 6 or 24 h post-irradiation, using regrowth assays. For three lines (UT-SCC-54C, -74B, -76B), radiosensitization was also assessed by clonogenic assay under oxia and acute (6 h) anoxia, and for 54C cells under chronic hypoxia (0.2% O2 for 48 h). Relationships between sensitizer enhancement ratios (SER) and gene expression, assessed by RNA sequencing, were evaluated.Results: The inhibitors were minimally cytotoxic in the absence of radiation, with 74B and 54C cells the most sensitive to both olaparib and KU57788. Median SER values for each inhibitor at 1.1 µM were 1.12 (range 1.02-1.24) for olaparib, 1.08 (1.04-1.13) for veliparib, 1.35 (1.10-1.64) for IC87361 and 1.77 (1.41-2.38) for KU57788. The higher SER values for the DNA-PK inhibitors were observed with all cell lines (except HEK-293) and all concentrations tested and were confirmed by clonogenic assay. Radiosensitization by the DNA-PK inhibitors correlated with expression of SLFN11 mRNA. Radiosensitization by IC87361 and olaparib was significantly enhanced under acute anoxia and chronic hypoxia.Conclusions: The DNA-PK inhibitors KU57788 and IC87361 are more effective radiosensitizers than the PARP-1 inhibitors olaparib and veliparib at non-cytotoxic concentrations in HNSCC cell cultures and their activity is enhanced by SLFN11 and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Way Wua Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin D Dickson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Lipert
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gary J Cheng
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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Fast dose fractionation using ultra-short laser accelerated proton pulses can increase cancer cell mortality, which relies on functional PARP1 protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10132. [PMID: 31300704 PMCID: PMC6626007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer management. The improvement of spatial dose distribution in the tumor volume by minimizing the dose deposited in the healthy tissues have been a major concern during the last decades. Temporal aspects of dose deposition are yet to be investigated. Laser-plasma-based particle accelerators are able to emit pulsed-proton beams at extremely high peak dose rates (~109 Gy/s) during several nanoseconds. The impact of such dose rates on resistant glioblastoma cell lines, SF763 and U87-MG, was compared to conventionally accelerated protons and X-rays. No difference was observed in DNA double-strand breaks generation and cells killing. The variation of the repetition rate of the proton bunches produced an oscillation of the radio-induced cell susceptibility in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells, which appeared to be related to the presence of the PARP1 protein and an efficient parylation process. Interestingly, when laser-driven proton bunches were applied at 0.5 Hz, survival of the radioresistant HCT116 p53−/− cells equaled that of its radiosensitive counterpart, HCT116 WT, which was also similar to cells treated with the PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib. Altogether, these results suggest that the application modality of ultrashort bunches of particles could provide a great therapeutic potential in radiotherapy.
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35
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Wang L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Gong L. Effects of Sleep Deprivation (SD) on Rats via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2886-2895. [PMID: 31002658 PMCID: PMC6486800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) is common in humans, and sleep loss has a significant influence on health and produces related diseases. Orexin-A has been demonstrated to play a role in physiological processes, including feeding, sleep/wake cycle, and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SD on rats and to define the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods We constructed an SD rat model. The Morris water maze test was used to assess rat learning and memory. Imaging of hippocampus and hippocampal tissue in rats were captured by magnetic resonance imaging or electron microscopy. We used the CCK-8 kit to assess cell viability. The level of protein was measured using Western blot analysis, and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA level. Results SD rats had poorer learning and memory and had damage to the hippocampus. SD resulted in shrinkage of hippocampal volume and encephalocele size. SD increased the expression of Orexin-A, OX1R, OX2R, and PARP-1, and decreased the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Orexin-A (0–10 μM) improved neuron viability, whereas orexin-A (10–100 μM) attenuated neuron viability. SB334867 treatment reduced the viability of neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 treatment increased cell viability, especially in neurons treated with orexin-A. SB334867 treatment decreased the p-ERK1/2 levels in neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 increased the expression of p-ERK1/2 in neurons treated with orexin-A. Conclusions SD decreases learning and memory through damage to the hippocampus. Higher concentrations of orexin-A had a major negative effect on hippocampal neurons via OX1R and PARP-1 through inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Youyi Gu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Li D, Yang J, Ma H, Sun C, Feng R. Retracted
: Inositol polyphosphate‐4‐phosphatase type II and rucaparib treatment inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cells dependent on phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9899-9909. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Jingyan Yang
- Department of Pathology The Second Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Huanzhi Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Rongjie Feng
- Department of Spinal Surgery Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
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Mangoni M, Sottili M, Salvatore G, Meattini I, Desideri I, Greto D, Loi M, Becherini C, Garlatti P, Delli Paoli C, Dominici L, Gerini C, Scoccianti S, Bonomo P, Silvano A, Beltrami G, Campanacci D, Livi L. Enhancement of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cell Radiosensitivity by Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitors. Radiat Res 2018; 190:464-472. [PMID: 30067444 DOI: 10.1667/rr15035.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 inhibitors (PARPi) enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PARPi on survival and DNA damage of irradiated STS cells. For clonogenic assays, STS cell lines were irradiated with or without olaparib, iniparib or veliparib pretreatment. The effect of PARP inhibition on γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci formation, on PARP-1, phospho-ERK and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression and on cell cycle progression was evaluated on irradiated rhabdomyosarcoma cells pretreated with olaparib. The results from this work showed that PARPi induced significant radiosensitization in STS cells. Rhabdomyosarcoma cells showed the highest increase in radiosensitivity, with a radiosensitization enhancement ratio at 50% survival (ER50) of 3.41 with veliparib. All PARPi exerted a synergistic effect when combined with radiation. Fibrosarcoma cells showed an ER50 of 2.29 with olaparib. Leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma cells showed their highest ER50 with veliparib (1.71 and 1.84, respectively). In rhabdomyosarcoma, olaparib enhanced the formation of radiation-induced γ-H2AX/Rad51 foci and PARP-1 cleavage, induced slightly increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and reduced phospho-ERK expression. Moreover, the combination of olaparib and radiation resulted in a significantly enhanced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase compared to the two treatments alone. In conclusion, we have shown that PARPi are potent radiosensitizers of human STS cells. These results support the pursuit of further investigations into the effects of PARPi combined with radiation on STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mangoni
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Sottili
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvatore
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Icro Meattini
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Loi
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Becherini
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Garlatti
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Delli Paoli
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Dominici
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Gerini
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Scoccianti
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonomo
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Silvano
- b Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- c Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy and.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Campanacci
- c Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy and.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Department of a Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.,d Istituto Toscano Tumori, via Taddeo Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Purohit NK, Shah RG, Adant S, Hoepfner M, Shah GM, Beauregard JM. Potentiation of 177Lu-octreotate peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of human neuroendocrine tumor cells by PARP inhibitor. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24693-24706. [PMID: 29872498 PMCID: PMC5973847 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with inoperable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) expressing somatostatin receptors, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-[DOTA0-Tyr3]-octreotate (177Lu-octreotate) is one of the most promising targeted therapeutic options but it rarely achieves cure. Therefore, different approaches are being tested to increase the efficacy of 177Lu-octreotate PRRT in NET patients. Using the gastroenteropancreatic BON-1 and the bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 as NET cell models, here we report that pharmacological inhibitors of DNA repair-associated enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARPi) potentiate the cytotoxic effect of 177Lu-octreotate on 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid models of these two types of NET cells. PARPi mediates this effect by enhancing 177Lu-octreotate-induced cell cycle arrest and cell death. Thus, the use of PARPi may offer a novel option for improving the therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-octreotate PRRT of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur K. Purohit
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Neurosciences and Oncology Branches of CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Rashmi G. Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Neurosciences and Oncology Branches of CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Samuel Adant
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Neurosciences and Oncology Branches of CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Oncology Branch of CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Michael Hoepfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Girish M. Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Neurosciences and Oncology Branches of CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Mathieu Beauregard
- Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Oncology Branch of CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
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Murnyák B, Kouhsari MC, Hershkovitch R, Kálmán B, Marko-Varga G, Klekner Á, Hortobágyi T. PARP1 expression and its correlation with survival is tumour molecular subtype dependent in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46348-46362. [PMID: 28654422 PMCID: PMC5542272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of PARP1 exists in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Although PARP1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic target, no comprehensive study has addressed PARP1's expression characteristics and prognostic role regarding molecular heterogeneity in astrocytomas including GBM. Our aim was to evaluate PARP1's associations with survival, WHO grade, lineage specific markers, and GBM transcriptomic subtypes. We collected genomic and clinical data from the latest glioma datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas and performed PARP1, ATRX, IDH1, and p53 immunohistochemistry on GBM tissue samples. We demonstrated that PARP1 gain and increased mRNA expression are characteristics of high-grade astrocytomas, particularly of Proneural and Classical GBM subtypes. Additionally, higher PARP1 levels exhibited an inverse correlation with patient survival (p<0.005) in the Classical subgroup. ATRX (p=0.006), and TP53 (p=0.015) mutations were associated with increased PARP1 expression and PARP1 protein level correlated with ATRX loss and p53 overexpression. Furthermore, higher PARP1 expression together with wildtype TP53 indicated shorter survival (p=0.039). Therefore, due to subtype specificity, PARP1 expression level and TP53 mutation status are reliable marker candidates to distinguish Proneural and Classical subtypes, with prognostic and therapeutic implications in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Murnyák
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mahan C Kouhsari
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rotem Hershkovitch
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Kálmán
- Institute of Diagnostics, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Du J, Shang J, Chen F, Zhang Y, Yin N, Xie T, Zhang H, Yu J, Liu F. A CRISPR/Cas9–Based Screening for Non-Homologous End Joining Inhibitors Reveals Ouabain and Penfluridol as Radiosensitizers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:419-431. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sanmartín E, Muñoz L, Piqueras M, Sirerol JA, Berlanga P, Cañete A, Castel V, Font de Mora J. Deletion of 11q in Neuroblastomas Drives Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6875-6887. [PMID: 28830922 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite advances in multimodal therapy, neuroblastomas with hemizygous deletion in chromosome 11q (20%-30%) undergo consecutive recurrences with poor outcome. We hypothesized that patients with 11q-loss may share a druggable molecular target(s) that can be exploited for a precision medicine strategy to improve treatment outcome.Experimental Design: SNP arrays were combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to precisely define the deleted region in 17 primary 11q-loss neuroblastomas and identify allelic variants in genes relevant for neuroblastoma etiology. We assessed PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with other chemotherapy medications using both in vitro and in vivo models.Results: We detected that ATM haploinsufficiency and ATM allelic variants are common genetic hallmarks of 11q-loss neuroblastomas. On the basis of the distinct DNA repair pathways triggered by ATM and PARP, we postulated that 11q-loss may define a subgroup of neuroblastomas with higher sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Noteworthy, concomitant treatment with olaparib and DNA alkylating agent temozolomide potently inhibited growth of cell lines harboring 11q-loss. This drug synergism was less potent when temozolomide was exchanged for cisplatin or irinotecan. Intact 11q cells concomitantly treated with ATM inhibitor displayed growth arrest and enhanced apoptosis, revealing a role for ATM in the mechanism that mediates sensitivity to temozolomide-olaparib. Interestingly, functional TP53 is required for efficacy of this treatment. In an in vivo model, coadministration of temozolomide-olaparib resulted in sustained xenograft regression.Conclusions: Our findings reveal a potent synergism between temozolomide and olaparib in treatment of neuroblastomas with 11q-loss and provide a rationale for further clinical investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6875-87. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanmartín
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lisandra Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Piqueras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Antoni Sirerol
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adela Cañete
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Castel
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Font de Mora
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain. .,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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42
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Lesueur P, Chevalier F, Austry JB, Waissi W, Burckel H, Noël G, Habrand JL, Saintigny Y, Joly F. Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors as radiosensitizers: a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical human studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69105-69124. [PMID: 28978184 PMCID: PMC5620324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are becoming important actors of anti-neoplasic agents landscape, with recent but narrow FDA's approvals for ovarian BRCA mutated cancers and prostatic cancer. Nevertheless, PARP inhibitors are also promising drugs for combined treatments particularly with radiotherapy. More than seven PARP inhibitors have been currently developed. Central Role of PARP in DNA repair, makes consider PARP inhibitor as potential radiosensitizers, especially for tumors with DNA repair defects, such as BRCA mutation, because of synthetic lethality. Furthermore the replication-dependent activity of PARP inhibitor helps to maintain the differential effect between tumoral and healthy tissues. Inhibition of chromatin remodeling, G2/M arrest, vasodilatory effect induced by PARP inhibitor, also participate to their radio-sensitization effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, after highlighting mechanisms of PARP inhibitors radiosensitization we methodically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Databases and meeting proceedings for human pre-clinical and clinical studies that evaluated PARP inhibitor radiosensitizing effect. Enhancement ratio, when available, was systematically reported. RESULTS Sixty four studies finally met our selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Only three pre-clinical studies didn't find any radiosensitizing effect. Median enhancement ratio vary from 1,3 for prostate tumors to 1,5 for lung cancers. Nine phase I or II trials assessed safety data. CONCLUSION PARP inhibitors are promising radiosensitizers, but need more clinical investigation. The next ten years will be determining for judging their real potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lesueur
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France.,Centre Francois Baclesse Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Radiotherapy Unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - François Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Austry
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Waisse Waissi
- EA 3430, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Centre Paul Strauss, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- EA 3430, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Centre Paul Strauss, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Noël
- EA 3430, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Centre Paul Strauss, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Louis Habrand
- Centre Francois Baclesse Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Radiotherapy Unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Yannick Saintigny
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Florence Joly
- Centre Francois Baclesse Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Clinical Research Unit, 14000 Caen, France
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Flux GD, O'Sullivan J, Gaze MN, Prise KM. Opportunities for research in molecular radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20160921. [PMID: 28055251 PMCID: PMC5601516 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been treated with radiopharmaceuticals for 80 years. A recent National Cancer Research Institute report from the Clinical and Translational Radiotherapy Research Working Group reviews the current status of molecular radiotherapy and has highlighted the barriers to and opportunities for increased research activities. The report recommends a number of actions to promote this field, which in the dawning age of personalized medicine and theragnostics is of increasing importance, particularly with the clinical introduction of a range of new commercial radiotherapeutics at costs in line with those seen for conventional chemotherapeutics. These recommendations recognize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the development of molecular radiotherapy and the particular need for investment in radiopharmacies and personalized dosimetry. There are many areas to be investigated including adaptive treatment planning, the use of radiosensitizers and translational radiation biology. Progress in these areas will result in significant patient benefit and more cost-effective use of increasingly expensive therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. A concerted effort from the community, from funding bodies and from health service providers is now needed to address the scientific and logistical changes necessary to realize the potential offered by this currently underused treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Flux
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHS Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Joe O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark N Gaze
- Department of Oncology, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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Bhunia S, Radha V, Chaudhuri A. CDC20siRNA and paclitaxel co-loaded nanometric liposomes of a nipecotic acid-derived cationic amphiphile inhibit xenografted neuroblastoma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1201-1212. [PMID: 28045167 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant recent progress in the area of translational genomics of neuroblastoma, the overall survival rates for children with high-risk NB continue to be not more than 5 years due to tumor relapse and/or drug-resistant tumors. Herein we report on the development of a neuroblastoma targeting nanometric (130-150 nm) circulation stable liposomal system prepared from a novel nipecotic acid-derived cationic amphiphile (NACA). The size ranges of liposomes (130-150 nm) were confirmed by both dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The findings in the gel electrophoresis assay revealed that siRNAs encapsulated within the liposomes of NACA (with 90% entrapment efficiency) are protected from attack by RNase. Cellular uptake experiments using FAM-siRNA loaded liposomes of NACA showed the liposomal entry in human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) to be mediated via the GABAA receptor. CDC20siRNA-loaded liposomes of NACA caused significantly higher CDC20 gene silencing efficiency in IMR-32 cells compared to CDC20 gene knockdown efficiency mediated by CDC20siRNA-loaded control non-targeting liposomes (NTL). The findings in the annexin-V binding based flow cytometric apoptosis assay and MTT-based cellular cytotoxicity assay support the notion that pronounced (80%) neuroblastoma cell death upon treatment with CDC20siRNA & PTX co-loaded liposomes of NACA presumably originates from enhanced apoptosis of cells. Importantly, intravenously administered CDC20siRNA & PTX co-loaded liposomes of NACA significantly inhibited growth of xenografted human neuroblastoma in athymic nude mice. The presently disclosed strategy of co-delivering potent anticancer siRNA and small molecule chemotherapeutics using liposomes of NACA opens a new door for combating the dreaded disease of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Bhunia
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vegesna Radha
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Arabinda Chaudhuri
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
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