1
|
The Somatic Mutation Landscape of UDP-Glycosyltransferase ( UGT) Genes in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225708. [PMID: 36428799 PMCID: PMC9688768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGTs) superfamily has a critical role in the metabolism of anticancer drugs and numerous pro/anti-cancer molecules (e.g., steroids, lipids, fatty acids, bile acids and carcinogens). Recent studies have shown wide and abundant expression of UGT genes in human cancers. However, the extent to which UGT genes acquire somatic mutations within tumors remains to be systematically investigated. In the present study, our comprehensive analysis of the somatic mutation profiles of 10,069 tumors from 33 different TCGA cancer types identified 3427 somatic mutations in UGT genes. Overall, nearly 18% (1802/10,069) of the assessed tumors had mutations in UGT genes with huge variations in mutation frequency across different cancer types, ranging from over 25% in five cancers (COAD, LUAD, LUSC, SKCM and UCSC) to less than 5% in eight cancers (LAML, MESO, PCPG, PAAD, PRAD, TGCT, THYM and UVM). All 22 UGT genes showed somatic mutations in tumors, with UGT2B4, UGT3A1 and UGT3A2 showing the largest number of mutations (289, 307 and 255 mutations, respectively). Nearly 65% (2260/3427) of the mutations were missense, frame-shift and nonsense mutations that have been predicted to code for variant UGT proteins. Furthermore, about 10% (362/3427) of the mutations occurred in non-coding regions (5' UTR, 3' UTR and splice sites) that may be able to alter the efficiency of translation initiation, miRNA regulation or the splicing of UGT transcripts. In conclusion, our data show widespread somatic mutations of UGT genes in human cancers that may affect the capacity of cancer cells to metabolize anticancer drugs and endobiotics that control pro/anti-cancer signaling pathways. This highlights their potential utility as biomarkers for predicting therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Identification of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 (UGT2B15) as a Target for IGF1 and Insulin Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101627. [PMID: 35626664 PMCID: PMC9139319 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal growth and development in mammals are tightly controlled by numerous genetic factors and metabolic conditions. The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) hormonal axis is a key player in the regulation of these processes. Dysregulation of the GH-IGF1 endocrine system is linked to a number of pathologies, ranging from growth deficits to cancer. Laron syndrome (LS) is a type of dwarfism that results from mutation of the GH receptor (GHR) gene, leading to GH resistance and short stature as well as a number of metabolic abnormalities. Of major clinical relevance, epidemiological studies have shown that LS patients do not develop cancer. While the mechanisms associated with cancer protection in LS have not yet been elucidated, genomic analyses have identified a series of metabolic genes that are over-represented in LS patients. We hypothesized that these genes might constitute novel targets for IGF1 action. With a fold-change of 11.09, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 (UGT2B15) was the top up-regulated gene in LS. The UGT2B15 gene codes for an enzyme that converts xenobiotic substances into lipophilic compounds and thereby facilitates their clearance from the body. We investigated the regulation of UGT2B15 gene expression by IGF1 and insulin. Both hormones inhibited UGT2B15 mRNA levels in endometrial and breast cancer cell lines. Regulation of UGT2B15 protein levels by IGF1/insulin, however, was more complex and not always correlated with mRNA levels. Furthermore, UGT2B15 expression was dependent on p53 status. Thus, UGT2B15 mRNA levels were higher in cell lines expressing a wild-type p53 compared to cells containing a mutated p53. Animal studies confirmed an inverse correlation between UGT2B15 and p53 levels. In summary, increased UGT2B15 levels in LS might confer upon patient’s protection from genotoxic damage.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zimmer BM, Howell ME, Ma L, Enders JR, Lehman D, Corey E, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA. Altered glucuronidation deregulates androgen dependent response profiles and signifies castration resistance in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1886-1902. [PMID: 34548906 PMCID: PMC8448517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation controls androgen levels in the prostate and the dysregulation of enzymes in this pathway is associated with castration resistant prostate cancer. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) produces UDP-glucuronate, the essential precursor for glucuronidation, and its expression is elevated in prostate cancer. We compared protein and metabolite levels relevant to the glucuronidation pathway in five prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft models paired with their isogenic counterparts that were selected in vivo for castration resistant (CR) recurrence. All pairs showed changes in UGDH and associated enzymes and metabolites that were consistent with those we found in an isogenic androgen dependent (AD) and CR LNCaP prostate cancer model. Ectopic overexpression of UGDH in LNCaP AD cells blunted androgen-dependent gene expression, increased proteoglycan synthesis, significantly increased cell growth compared to controls, and eliminated dose responsive growth suppression with enzalutamide treatment. In contrast, the knockdown of UGDH diminished proteoglycans, suppressed androgen dependent growth irrespective of androgens, and restored androgen sensitivity in CR cells. Importantly, the knockdown of UGDH in both LNCaP AD and CR cells dramatically sensitized these cells to enzalutamide. These results support a role for UGDH in androgen responsiveness and a target for therapeutic strategies in advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M. Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Danielle Lehman
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Barycki
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Melanie A. Simpson
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu DG, Marri S, Mackenzie PI, Hulin JA, McKinnon RA, Meech R. The Expression Profiles and Deregulation of UDP-Glycosyltransferase ( UGT) Genes in Human Cancers and Their Association with Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4491. [PMID: 34503303 PMCID: PMC8430925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGTs) superfamily has 22 functional enzymes that play a critical role in the metabolism of small lipophilic compounds, including carcinogens, drugs, steroids, lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids. The expression profiles of UGT genes in human cancers and their impact on cancer patient survival remains to be systematically investigated. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the RNAseq and clinical datasets of 9514 patients from 33 different TCGA (the Genome Cancer Atlas) cancers demonstrated cancer-specific UGT expression profiles with high interindividual variability among and within individual cancers. Notably, cancers derived from drug metabolizing tissues (liver, kidney, gut, pancreas) expressed the largest number of UGT genes (COAD, KIRC, KIRP, LIHC, PAAD); six UGT genes (1A6, 1A9, 1A10, 2A3, 2B7, UGT8) showed high expression in five or more different cancers. Kaplan-Meier plots and logrank tests revealed that six UGT genes were significantly associated with increased overall survival (OS) rates [UGT1A1 (LUSC), UGT1A6 (ACC), UGT1A7 (ACC), UGT2A3 (KIRC), UGT2B15 (BLCA, SKCM)] or decreased OS rates [UGT2B15 (LGG), UGT8 (UVM)] in specific cancers. Finally, differential expression analysis of 611 patients from 12 TCGA cancers identified 16 UGT genes (1A1, 1A3, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2A1, 2A3, 2B4, 2B7, 2B11, 2B15, 3A1, 3A2, UGT8) that were up/downregulated in at least one cancer relative to normal tissues. In conclusion, our data show widespread expression of UGT genes in cancers, highlighting the capacity for intratumoural drug metabolism through the UGT conjugation pathway. The data also suggests the potentials for specific UGT genes to serve as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gui Hu
- Dicipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (P.I.M.); (J.-A.H.); (R.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Dicipline of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Dicipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (P.I.M.); (J.-A.H.); (R.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Julie-Ann Hulin
- Dicipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (P.I.M.); (J.-A.H.); (R.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Dicipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (P.I.M.); (J.-A.H.); (R.A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Robyn Meech
- Dicipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (P.I.M.); (J.-A.H.); (R.A.M.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang JSW, Qian C, You S, Rotinen M, Posadas EM, Freedland SJ, Di Vizio D, Kim J, Freeman MR. Scaffold attachment factor B1 regulates androgen degradation pathways in prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:337-349. [PMID: 34541032 PMCID: PMC8446770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear matrix protein Scaffold Attachment Factor B1 (SAFB1, SAFB) can act in prostate cancer (PCa) as an androgen receptor (AR) co-repressor that functions through epigenetic silencing of AR targets, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA, KLK3). Genomic profiling of SAFB1-silenced PCa cells indicated that SAFB1 may play a role in modulating intracrine androgen levels through the regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) genes, which inactivate steroid hormones. Gene silencing of SAFB1 resulted in increased levels of free dihydrotesterosterone (DHT), and increased resistance to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide. SAFB1 silencing suppressed expression of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B15 gene (UGT2B15) and the closely related UGT2B17 gene, which encode proteins that irreversibly inactivate testosterone (T) and DHT. Analysis of human data indicated that genomic loss at the SAFB locus, or down-regulation of expression of the SAFB gene, is associated with aggressive PCa. These findings identify SAFB1 as an important regulator of androgen catabolism in PCa and suggest that loss or inactivation of this protein may promote AR activity by retention of active androgen in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Suan-Wei Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mirja Rotinen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of NavarrePamplona, Spain
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng T, Fedeli MA, Tanda F, Wang Y, Yang D, Xue B, Jia L, Palmieri G, Sechi LA, Kelvin DJ. Whole-exome Sequencing of Prostate Cancer in Sardinian Identify Recurrent UDP-glucuronosyltransferase Amplifications. J Cancer 2021; 12:438-450. [PMID: 33391440 PMCID: PMC7738997 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, and the second most common cancer in men. However, rates for incidence and mortality vary considerably with race, ethnicity, and geography. Over 97 significantly mutated genes that have been identified in prostate cancer; however, a lack of genomic prostate cancer studies focusing on different racial and ethnic groups and racial mixing pose a serious challenge to universalize these findings. The Sardinian population is an isolated Mediterranean population that has a high frequency of centenarians and a much lower incidence of prostate cancer than found in males in mainland Europe. Here, we conducted a genomic prostate cancer study on a Sardinian cohort diagnosed with local prostate cancer. Our data reveals a low rate of ERG fusion in Sardinian prostate cancer. Interestingly, we identified a novel BTBD7-SLC2A5 fusion that occurred in 13% of the patients. We also found that the UGT2B4 on 4q13.2 was amplified in 20% of the Sardinian patients but rarely amplified in patients of other population. These observations underscore the importance of the inter-population molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer. In addition, we examined the expression of UGT2B4 in 497 prostate cancer patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We found that high expression of UGT2B4 was associated with low-grade prostate cancer and upregulation of UGT2B4 in tumors was associated with upregulation of metabolism pathways such as 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process, glutamine and monocarboxylic acid metabolism. These data provide insight into clinical relevance and functional mechanism of UGT2B4. Further understanding functional mechanism of UGT2B4 amplification and BTBD7-SLC2A5 fusion will aid in developing drugs to benefit the prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Zeng
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Fedeli
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, first affiliated Hospital of 33445Sassari University
| | - Francesco Tanda
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, first affiliated Hospital of 33445Sassari University
| | - Yuyong Wang
- Department of Urology, affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
| | - Bei Xue
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
| | - Lisha Jia
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Head, National Research Council (CNR), 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- ✉ Corresponding authors: J. Kelvin, E-mail: ; and Leonardo A. Sechi, E-mail: . Co-corresponding authors equally contributed to this work
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, first affiliated Hospital of 33445Sassari University
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- ✉ Corresponding authors: J. Kelvin, E-mail: ; and Leonardo A. Sechi, E-mail: . Co-corresponding authors equally contributed to this work
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shafiee-Kermani F, Carney ST, Jima D, Utin UC, Farrar LB, Oputa MO, Hines MR, Kinyamu HK, Trotter KW, Archer TK, Hoyo C, Koller BH, Freedland SJ, Grant DJ. Expression of UDP Glucuronosyltransferases 2B15 and 2B17 is associated with methylation status in prostate cancer cells. Epigenetics 2020; 16:289-299. [PMID: 32660355 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that abrogated expression of detoxification enzymes, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, are associated with prostate tumour risk and progression. We investigated the role of EGF on the expression of these enzymes since it interacts with signalling pathways to also affect prostate tumour progression and is additionally associated with decreased DNA methylation. The expression of UGT2B15, UGT2B17, de novo methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was assessed in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) treated with EGF, an EGFR inhibitor PD16893, and the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, respectively. The results showed that EGF treatment decreased levels of expression of all four genes and that their expression was reversed by PD16893. Treatment with 5-azacytidine, markedly decreased expression of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 over 85% as well as significantly decreased expression of DNMT3B, but not the expression of DNMT3A. DNMT3B siRNA treated LNCaP cells had decreased expression of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, while DNMT3A siRNA treated cells had only moderately decreased UGT2B15 expression. Treatment with DNMT methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108, significantly decreased UGT2B17 expression. Additionally, methylation differences between prostate cancer samples and benign prostate samples from an Illumina 450K Methylation Array study were assessed. The results taken together suggest that hypomethylation of the UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 genes contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer and may provide a putative biomarker or epigenetic target for chemotherapeutics. Mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the role of the methylation marks in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shafiee-Kermani
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Skyla T Carney
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dereje Jima
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Ricks Hall, 1 Lampe Dr, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Utibe C Utin
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - LaNeisha B Farrar
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melvin O Oputa
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcono R Hines
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Karimi Kinyamu
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Kevin W Trotter
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Cedars-Sinai Health System Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyles , Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Delores J Grant
- Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin YJ, Cheng CF, Wang CH, Liang WM, Tang CH, Tsai LP, Chen CH, Wu JY, Hsieh AR, Lee MTM, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Zhang Y, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ. Genetic Architecture Associated With Familial Short Stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5805154. [PMID: 32170311 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human height is an inheritable, polygenic trait under complex and multilocus genetic regulation. Familial short stature (FSS; also called genetic short stature) is the most common type of short stature and is insufficiently known. OBJECTIVE To investigate the FSS genetic profile and develop a polygenic risk predisposition score for FSS risk prediction. DESIGN AND SETTING The FSS participant group of Han Chinese ancestry was diagnosed by pediatric endocrinologists in Taiwan. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS The genetic profiles of 1163 participants with FSS were identified by using a bootstrapping subsampling and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic profile, polygenic risk predisposition score for risk prediction. RESULTS Ten novel genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 reported GWAS human height-related SNPs were identified for FSS risk. These 10 novel SNPs served as a polygenic risk predisposition score for FSS risk prediction (area under the curve: 0.940 in the testing group). This FSS polygenic risk predisposition score was also associated with the height reduction regression tendency in the general population. CONCLUSION A polygenic risk predisposition score composed of 10 genetic SNPs is useful for FSS risk prediction and the height reduction tendency. Thus, it might contribute to FSS risk in the Han Chinese population from Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Wang
- Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lévesque E, Labriet A, Hovington H, Allain ÉP, Melo-Garcia L, Rouleau M, Brisson H, Turcotte V, Caron P, Villeneuve L, Leclercq M, Droit A, Audet-Walsh E, Simonyan D, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Guillemette C. Alternative promoters control UGT2B17-dependent androgen catabolism in prostate cancer and its influence on progression. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1068-1076. [PMID: 32047296 PMCID: PMC7109100 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbation of the major UGT2B17-dependent androgen catabolism pathway has the potential to affect prostate cancer (PCa) progression. The objective was to evaluate UGT2B17 protein expression in primary tumours in relation to hormone levels, disease characteristics and cancer evolution. METHODS We conducted an analysis of a high-density prostate tumour tissue microarray consisting of 239 localised PCa cases treated by radical prostatectomy (RP). Cox proportional hazard ratio analysis was used to evaluate biochemical recurrence (BCR), and a linear regression model evaluated variations in circulating hormone levels measured by mass spectrometry. The transcriptome of UGT2B17 in PCa was established by using RNA-sequencing data. RESULTS UGT2B17 expression in primary tumours was associated with node-positive disease at RP and linked to circulating levels of 3α-diol-17 glucuronide, a major circulating DHT metabolite produced by the UGT2B17 pathway. UGT2B17 was an independent prognostic factor linked to BCR after RP, and its overexpression was associated with development of metastasis. Finally, we demonstrated that distinctive alternative promoters dictate UGT2B17-dependent androgen catabolism in localised and metastatic PCa. CONCLUSIONS The androgen-inactivating gene UGT2B17 is controlled by overlooked regulatory regions in PCa. UGT2B17 expression in primary tumours influences the steroidome, and is associated with relevant clinical outcomes, such as BCR and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lévesque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada.
| | - Adrien Labriet
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric P Allain
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Luciana Melo-Garcia
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Hervé Brisson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Turcotte
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Caron
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Mickaël Leclercq
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Audet-Walsh
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Université Laval and Faculty of Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center-Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Emerging roles for UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in drug resistance and cancer progression. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1277-1287. [PMID: 32047295 PMCID: PMC7188667 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The best-known role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) in cancer is the metabolic inactivation of drug therapies. By conjugating glucuronic acid to lipophilic drugs, UGTs impair the biological activity and enhance the water solubility of these agents, driving their elimination. Multiple clinical observations support an expanding role for UGTs as modulators of the drug response and in mediating drug resistance in numerous cancer types. However, accumulating evidence also suggests an influence of the UGT pathway on cancer progression. Dysregulation of the expression and activity of UGTs has been associated with the progression of several cancers, arguing for UGTs as possible mediators of oncogenic pathways and/or disease accelerators in a drug-naive context. The consequences of altered UGT activity on tumour biology are incompletely understood. They might be associated with perturbed levels of bioactive endogenous metabolites such as steroids and bioactive lipids that are inactivated by UGTs or through non-enzymatic mechanisms, thereby eliciting oncogenic signalling cascades. This review highlights the evidence supporting dual roles for the UGT pathway, affecting cancer progression and drug resistance. Pharmacogenomic testing of UGT profiles in patients and the development of therapeutic options that impair UGT actions could provide useful prognostic and predictive biomarkers and enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Basit A, Wolford C, Chen KF, Gaedigk A, Lin YS, Leeder JS, Prasad B. Normalized Testosterone Glucuronide as a Potential Urinary Biomarker for Highly Variable UGT2B17 in Children 7-18 Years. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 107:1149-1158. [PMID: 31900930 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17) is a highly variable androgen-metabolizing and drug-metabolizing enzyme. UGT2B17 exhibits a unique ontogeny profile characterized by a dramatic increase in hepatic protein expression from prepubertal age to adulthood. Age, sex, copy number variation (CNV), and single nucleotide polymorphisms only explain 26% of variability in protein expression, highlighting the need for a phenotypic biomarker for predicting interindividual variability in glucuronidation of UGT2B17 substrates. Here, we propose testosterone glucuronide (TG) normalized by androsterone glucuronide (TG/AG) as a urinary UGT2B17 biomarker, and examine the associations among urinary TG/AG and age, sex, and CNV. We performed targeted metabolomics of 12 androgen conjugates with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in 63 pediatric subjects ages 7-18 years followed over 7 visits in 3 years. Consistent with the reported developmental trajectory of UGT2B17 protein expression, urinary TG/AG is significantly associated with age, sex, and CNV. In conclusion, TG/AG shows promise as a phenotypic urinary UGT2B17 biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoung Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chris Wolford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Yvonne S Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanai S, Mukaisho KI, Yoshida S, Taniura N, Sugihara H. Host factors influence Barrett's carcinogenesis: findings from a mouse gastroduodenal reflux model. Esophagus 2019; 16:264-271. [PMID: 30790117 PMCID: PMC6592968 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-019-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rat gastroduodenal reflux models have been used for analyzing Barrett's carcinogenesis. Mice seem to be more useful than rats for studies targeting genes. METHODS We induced gastroduodenal contents reflux by esophagojejunostomy using C57BL/6J mice. Mice were divided into a standard diet and high-fat diet groups and kept for 60 weeks. Bile was sampled from the gallbladder to analyze bile acid fractions, and the esophagus was removed for a histological investigation. Human esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma cells (OE19) were exposed to taurocholic acid (TCA), after which cell proliferative activity was measured. Rat esophageal cancer cell lines, ESCC-DR and ESCC-DRtca with higher malignant potential induced by continuous TCA exposure, were used to perform comprehensive genetic analysis (CGH). RESULTS Barrett's epithelium onset occurred in all mice, and no differences in histological changes were noted between the standard diet and high-fat diet groups. However, no development of adenocarcinoma was noted. Most of the mouse bile acid was taurine conjugates. In the experiment using OE-19 cells, TCA promotes cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Array CGH analysis revealed a large number of chromosomal abnormalities in the ESCC-DR, in addition to genetic abnormalities such as in the UGT2B gene, the substrate of which is bile acid. TCA administration resulted in more chromosomal abnormalities being detected. CONCLUSIONS We showed the effects of TCA in cancer progression in vitro. However, Barrett's adenocarcinoma onset rates differ between mice and rats despite undergoing similar reflux stimulation including taurine-conjugated bile acids being detected in mouse bile juice. These results suggest that host factors seem to influence Barrett's carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Kanai
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Naoko Taniura
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|