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Pei J, Gao Y, Wu A. An inflammation-related subtype classification for analyzing tumor microenvironment and clinical prognosis in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369726. [PMID: 38742117 PMCID: PMC11089903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy through the recruitment of immune cells, production of cytokines, and activation of signaling pathways. However, the molecular subtypes and risk score prognostic model based on inflammatory response remain to be further explored. Methods Inflammation-related genes were collected from the molecular signature database and molecular subtypes were identified using nonnegative matrix factorization based on the TCGA cohort. We compared the clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, somatic mutation profile, survival prognosis, and drug sensitivity between the subtypes. The risk score model was developed using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression in the TCGA cohort. The above results were independently validated in the GEO cohort. Moreover, we explored the biological functions of the hub gene, receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), leveraging proteomics data, in vivo, and in vitro experiments. Results We identified two inflammation-related subtypes (inflammation-low and inflammation-high) and have excellent internal consistency and stability. Inflammation-high subtype showed higher immune cell infiltration and increased sensitivity to common chemotherapeutic drugs, while inflammation-low subtype may be more suitable for immunotherapy. Besides, the two subtypes differ significantly in pathway enrichment and biological functions. In addition, the 11-gene signature prognostic model constructed from inflammation-related genes showed strong prognostic assessment power and could serve as a novel prognostic marker to predict the survival of CRC patients. Finally, RIPK2 plays a crucial role in promoting malignant proliferation of CRC cell validated by experiment. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the heterogeneity of CRC and provides novel opportunities for treatment development and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Unit III, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Lin Y, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Pei G, Lin M, Yu J, Liu X, Wang H, Long J, Yan Q, Liang J, Yao J, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Ai Q. CCR5 and inflammatory storm. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102286. [PMID: 38561044 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemokines and their corresponding receptors play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammatory and immune responses, particularly in the context of pathological conditions disrupting the internal environment. Among these receptors, CCR5 has garnered considerable attention due to its significant involvement in the inflammatory cascade, serving as a pivotal mediator of neuroinflammation and other inflammatory pathways associated with various diseases. However, a notable gap persists in comprehending the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between CCR5 and its ligands across diverse and intricate inflammatory pathologies. Further exploration is warranted, especially concerning the inflammatory cascade instigated by immune cell infiltration and the precise binding sites within signaling pathways. This study aims to illuminate the regulatory axes modulating signaling pathways in inflammatory cells by providing a comprehensive overview of the pathogenic processes associated with CCR5 and its ligands across various disorders. The primary focus lies on investigating the pathomechanisms associated with CCR5 in disorders related to neuroinflammation, alongside the potential impact of aging on these processes and therapeutic interventions. The discourse culminates in addressing current challenges and envisaging potential future applications, advocating for innovative research endeavors to advance our comprehension of this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal&Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Gang Pei
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Technology Innovation Center/National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Chinese Medicine Powders and Innovative Drugs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Nephrology Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Festa BP, Siddiqi FH, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Won H, Rob M, Djajadikerta A, Stamatakou E, Rubinsztein DC. Microglial-to-neuronal CCR5 signaling regulates autophagy in neurodegeneration. Neuron 2023; 111:2021-2037.e12. [PMID: 37105172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia switch to an activated state, which results in excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Our work aims to investigate how this paracrine signaling affects neuronal function. Here, we show that activated microglia mediate non-cell-autonomous inhibition of neuronal autophagy, a degradative pathway critical for the removal of toxic, aggregate-prone proteins accumulating in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that the microglial-derived CCL-3/-4/-5 bind and activate neuronal CCR5, which in turn promotes mTORC1 activation and disrupts autophagy and aggregate-prone protein clearance. CCR5 and its cognate chemokines are upregulated in the brains of pre-manifesting mouse models for Huntington's disease (HD) and tauopathy, suggesting a pathological role of this microglia-neuronal axis in the early phases of these diseases. CCR5 upregulation is self-sustaining, as CCL5-CCR5 autophagy inhibition impairs CCR5 degradation itself. Finally, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CCR5 rescues mTORC1 hyperactivation and autophagy dysfunction, which ameliorates HD and tau pathologies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Paola Festa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Farah H Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Hyeran Won
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Matea Rob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Alvin Djajadikerta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanna Stamatakou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK.
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Mulens-Arias V, Nicolás-Boluda A, Carn F, Gazeau F. Cationic Polyethyleneimine (PEI)–Gold Nanocomposites Modulate Macrophage Activation and Reprogram Mouse Breast Triple-Negative MET-1 Tumor Immunological Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102234. [PMID: 36297669 PMCID: PMC9607133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines based on inorganic nanoparticles have grown in the last decades due to the nanosystems’ versatility in the coating, tuneability, and physical and chemical properties. Nonetheless, concerns have been raised regarding the immunotropic profile of nanoparticles and how metallic nanoparticles affect the immune system. Cationic polymer nanoparticles are widely used for cell transfection and proved to exert an adjuvant immunomodulatory effect that improves the efficiency of conventional vaccines against infection or cancer. Likewise, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) also exhibit diverse effects on immune response depending on size or coatings. Photothermal or photodynamic therapy, radiosensitization, and drug or gene delivery systems take advantage of the unique properties of AuNPs to deeply modify the tumoral ecosystem. However, the collective effects that AuNPs combined with cationic polymers might exert on their own in the tumor immunological microenvironment remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to analyze the triple-negative breast tumor immunological microenvironment upon intratumoral injection of polyethyleneimine (PEI)–AuNP nanocomposites (named AuPEI) and elucidate how it might affect future immunotherapeutic approaches based on this nanosystem. AuPEI nanocomposites were synthesized through a one-pot synthesis method with PEI as both a reducing and capping agent, resulting in fractal assemblies of about 10 nm AuNPs. AuPEI induced an inflammatory profile in vitro in the mouse macrophage-like cells RAW264.7 as determined by the secretion of TNF-α and CCL5 while the immunosuppressor IL-10 was not increased. However, in vivo in the mouse breast MET-1 tumor model, AuPEI nanocomposites shifted the immunological tumor microenvironment toward an M2 phenotype with an immunosuppressive profile as determined by the infiltration of PD-1-positive lymphocytes. This dichotomy in AuPEI nanocomposites in vitro and in vivo might be attributed to the highly complex tumor microenvironment and highlights the importance of testing the immunogenicity of nanomaterials in vitro and more importantly in vivo in relevant immunocompetent mouse tumor models to better elucidate any adverse or unexpected effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mulens-Arias
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Nicolás-Boluda
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florent Carn
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Chalhoub G, McCormick PJ. Palmitoylation and G-protein coupled receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:195-211. [PMID: 36357078 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
More and more it is being appreciated that not all GPCRs are the same, sub-populations of GPCRs exist within a cell and function differently than others. The question is, how does one regulate a given sub-population? One way is through the addition of post-translational modifications to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). This process has long been known to occur and play a role in trafficking, pharmacology and ultimately function. This chapter will focus on one particular modification, that of S-palmitoylation, and its impact on GPCR function. We will discuss the history of this modification on these receptors and the connection with disease. We will highlight several examples from the literature of where palmitoylation impacts GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Chalhoub
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Kerstholt M, van de Schoor FR, Oosting M, Moorlag SJCFM, Li Y, Jaeger M, van der Heijden WA, Tunjungputri RN, dos Santos JC, Kischkel B, Vrijmoeth HD, Baarsma ME, Kullberg BJ, Lupse M, Hovius JW, van den Wijngaard CC, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB. Identifying platelet-derived factors as amplifiers of B. burgdorferi-induced cytokine production. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:53-67. [PMID: 36001729 PMCID: PMC9585555 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that monocytes can be 'trained' or tolerized by certain stimuli to respond stronger or weaker to a secondary stimulation. Rewiring of glucose metabolism was found to be important in inducing this phenotype. As we previously found that Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), alters glucose metabolism in monocytes, we hypothesized that this may also induce long-term changes in innate immune responses. We found that exposure to B. burgdorferi decreased cytokine production in response to the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, B. burgdorferi exposure decreased baseline levels of glycolysis, as assessed by lactate production. Using GWAS analysis, we identified a gene, microfibril-associated protein 3-like (MFAP3L) as a factor influencing lactate production after B. burgdorferi exposure. Validation experiments proved that MFAP3L affects lactate- and cytokine production following B. burgdorferi stimulation. This is mediated by functions of MFAP3L, which includes activating ERK2 and through activation of platelet degranulation. Moreover, we showed that platelets and platelet-derived factors play important roles in B. burgdorferi-induced cytokine production. Certain platelet-derived factors, such chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 7 (CXCL7) and (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), were elevated in the circulation of LB patients in comparison to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jéssica C dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig D Vrijmoeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M E Baarsma
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Lupse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joppe W Hovius
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees C van den Wijngaard
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center of Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Correspondence: Leo A.B. Joosten, Lab Experimentele geneeskunde, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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Chang Z, Zhang Y, Fan J, Zhang L, Liu S, Liu G, Tu J. The potential effects and mechanisms of breast inflammatory lesions on the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932743. [PMID: 35992864 PMCID: PMC9389363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer as the most common cancer in women has become the leading cause of cancer death for women. Although many inflammatory factors increase the risk of breast cancer, there are very few studies on the mechanisms by which inflammation affects the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Here, we profiled and compared the transcriptome of normal tissues, inflammatory breast tissues, benign breast tumors, and malignant breast tumors. To find key regulatory factors, a protein interaction network between characteristic modules in inflammatory lesions and ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer was constructed and inflammation-cancer interface genes were identified. We found that the transcriptional profile of inflammatory breast tissues was similar with ER− malignant tumors, featured with low ER expression levels and similar immune signaling pathway activation. Through comprehensive protein network analysis, we identified the interface genes and chemokine signaling pathway that have the potential to promote inflammatory cancer transformation. These interface genes could be used as a risk factor to provide a certain basis for the clinical early detection and treatment of breast cancer. This is the first study to explore the association between breast inflammatory lesions and breast cancer at the transcriptome level. Our inflammation data and research results provide a basis for future inflammation-cancer transformation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Chang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Fan
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juchuanli Tu, ; Guangyu Liu, ; Suling Liu,
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juchuanli Tu, ; Guangyu Liu, ; Suling Liu,
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juchuanli Tu, ; Guangyu Liu, ; Suling Liu,
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Zeng Z, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. CCL5/CCR5 axis in human diseases and related treatments. Genes Dis 2022; 9:12-27. [PMID: 34514075 PMCID: PMC8423937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among them, chemokines act as crucial regulators in defense systems. CCL5/CCR5 combination is known for facilitating inflammatory responses, as well as inducing the adhesion and migration of different T cell subsets in immune responses. In addition, recent studies have shown that the interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 is involved in various pathological processes including inflammation, chronic diseases, cancers as well as the infection of COVID-19. This review focuses on how CCL5/CCR5 axis participates in the pathological processes of different diseases and their relevant signaling pathways for the regulation of the axis. Moreover, we highlighted the gene therapy and chemotherapy studies for treating CCR5-related diseases, including the ongoing clinical trials. The barriers and perspectives for future application and translational research were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Reinforcing vascular normalization therapy with a bi-directional nano-system to achieve therapeutic-friendly tumor microenvironment. J Control Release 2021; 340:87-101. [PMID: 34662587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Detrimental tumor microenvironment (TME) relies on distorted tumor vasculature for further tumor expansion. Vascular normalization therapy partly improves TME through vessel repairing, while these therapies enter an unbreakable Möbius ring due to each attempt hindered by pro-angiogenic factors from TME, leading to limited duration and extent of vascular normalization. Here, we developed a nanosystem including FLG and MAR/MPA nanodrugs to regulate both tumor vasculature and TME. FLG nanodrugs were constructed by connecting VEGF/VEGFR2 inhibitory low molecular weight heparin and gambogic acid with F3 peptide decoration for directly regulating on vascular endothelial cells and inducing vascular normalization. Meanwhile, MAR/MPA nanodrugs encapsulating CCL5/CCR5 blocker maraviroc were designed to restrict cytokine functions of angiogenesis and TME deterioration, contributing to vasculature repairing and TME reconstruction. Our results demonstrated this combined nanosystem synergistically induced vascular normalization window lasting 9 days and restored vascular permeability and oxygen supply in Panc-1 tumor. Furthermore, in melanoma, our nanosystem achieved immune improvements with increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in a remodeled TME. The two nanodrugs assisting each other in terms of both vascular repairing and TME improvements successfully reversed the vicious crosstalk to a positive one, achieving overall TME remodeling and promoting therapeutic efficiency.
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Singh AJ, Gray JW. Chemokine signaling in cancer-stroma communications. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:361-381. [PMID: 34086259 PMCID: PMC8222467 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-faceted disease in which spontaneous mutation(s) in a cell leads to the growth and development of a malignant new organ that if left undisturbed will grow in size and lead to eventual death of the organism. During this process, multiple cell types are continuously releasing signaling molecules into the microenvironment, which results in a tangled web of communication that both attracts new cell types into and reshapes the tumor microenvironment as a whole. One prominent class of molecules, chemokines, bind to specific receptors and trigger directional, chemotactic movement in the receiving cell. Chemokines and their receptors have been demonstrated to be expressed by almost all cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal, endothelial, and other stromal cells. This results in chemokines playing multifaceted roles in facilitating context-dependent intercellular communications. Recent research has started to shed light on these ligands and receptors in a cancer-specific context, including cell-type specificity and drug targetability. In this review, we summarize the latest research with regards to chemokines in facilitating communication between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J Singh
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Joe W Gray
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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11
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Mohammadi MH, Kariminik A. CC and CXC chemokines play key roles in the development of polyomaviruses related pathological conditions. Virol J 2021; 18:111. [PMID: 34082771 PMCID: PMC8173740 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that polyomaviruses are the microbes which can be a cause of several human pathological conditions including cancers, nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and gynaecological disease. Although investigators proposed some mechanisms used by the viruses to induce the disorders, the roles played by chemokines in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses infections are yet to be clarified. This review article investigated recent studies regarding the roles played by chemokines in the pathogenesis of the polyomaviruses infections. The research in the literature revealed that CXC chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL16, significantly participate in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses. CC chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL5 and CCL20 also participate in the induction of the pathological conditions. Therefore, it appears that CXC chemokines may be considered as the strategic factors involved in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
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12
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Morein D, Rubinstein-Achiasaf L, Brayer H, Dorot O, Pichinuk E, Ben-Yaakov H, Meshel T, Pasmanik-Chor M, Ben-Baruch A. Continuous Inflammatory Stimulation Leads via Metabolic Plasticity to a Prometastatic Phenotype in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061356. [PMID: 34072893 PMCID: PMC8229065 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes cancer progression by affecting the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that a continuous stimulation (~6 weeks) of triple-negative breast tumor cells (TNBC) by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) + interleukin 1β (IL-1β) changed the expression of hundreds of genes, skewing the cells towards a proinflammatory phenotype. While not affecting stemness, the continuous TNFα + IL-1β stimulation has increased tumor cell dispersion and has induced a hybrid metabolic phenotype in TNBC cells; this phenotype was indicated by a transcription-independent elevation in glycolytic activity and by increased mitochondrial respiratory potential (OXPHOS) of TNBC cells, accompanied by elevated transcription of mitochondria-encoded OXPHOS genes and of active mitochondria area. The continuous TNFα + IL-1β stimulation has promoted in a glycolysis-dependent manner the activation of p65 (NF-κB), and the transcription and protein expression of the prometastatic and proinflammatory mediators sICAM-1, CCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL1. Moreover, when TNBC cells were stimulated continuously by TNFα + IL-1β in the presence of a glycolysis inhibitor, their conditioned media had reduced ability to recruit monocytes and neutrophils in vivo. Such inflammation-induced metabolic plasticity, which promotes prometastatic cascades in TNBC, may have important clinical implications in treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Morein
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Linor Rubinstein-Achiasaf
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Hadar Brayer
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Orly Dorot
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Edward Pichinuk
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Hagar Ben-Yaakov
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (D.M.); (L.R.-A.); (H.B.); (H.B.-Y.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6405491; Fax: +972-3-6422046
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13
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Song S, He X, Wang J, Song H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Miao D, Xue Y. A novel long noncoding RNA, TMEM92-AS1, promotes gastric cancer progression by binding to YBX1 to mediate CCL5. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1256-1273. [PMID: 33247987 PMCID: PMC8024739 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with oncogene properties play vital roles in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of TMEM92-AS1 in GC progression and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. TMEM92-AS1 was filtered from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were used to detect the expression level of TMEM92-AS1. MTT, colony-formation assays, Edu, cell cycle, apoptosis and subcutaneous tumour formation assays were used to detect the role of TMEM92-AS1 in cell function. RNA transcriptome sequencing was used to seek downstream target genes. Reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR, western blot, RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the mechanisms involved. TMEM92-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues and correlated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, TMEM92-AS1 promoted GC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenic ability in vivo. RNA transcriptome sequence analysis revealed a potential downstream target gene, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and a mechanistic study found that TMEM92-AS1 regulated CCL5 by binding to the transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1(YBX1), which has oncogene properties. In addition, TMEM92-AS1 was found to be associated with peripheral blood leukocyte counts, especially neutrophils. Further investigation found that TMEM92-AS1 may affect leukocytes via regulation of the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in GC tissues. Our data provide an in-depth insight into the mechanism behind the lncRNA TMEM92-AS1, how it promotes GC progression and the possible mechanism in affecting peripheral leukocyte counts. Therefore, TMEM92-AS1 is a potential target for GC individualized therapy and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyThe Research Centre for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineThe Research Centre for Bone and Stem CellsNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Hongtao Song
- Department of PathologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
| | - Yansong Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhengbo Zhou
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of Breast SurgeryShandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Centre for AgeingFriendship Affiliated Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalChina
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14
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Willenbrock F, Cox CM, Parkes EE, Wilhelm-Benartzi CS, Abraham AG, Owens R, Sabbagh A, Jones CM, Hughes DLI, Maughan T, Hurt CN, O'Neill EE, Mukherjee S. Circulating biomarkers and outcomes from a randomised phase 2 trial of gemcitabine versus capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:581-586. [PMID: 33100327 PMCID: PMC7851394 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Phase 2 SCALOP trial compared gemcitabine with capecitabine-based consolidation chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). METHODS Thirty-five systematically identified circulating biomarkers were analysed in plasma samples from 60 patients enroled in SCALOP. Each was measured in triplicate at baseline (prior to three cycles of gemcitabine-capecitabine induction chemotherapy) and, for a subset, prior to CRT. Association with overall survival (OS) was determined using univariable Cox regression and optimal thresholds delineating low to high values identified using time-dependent ROC curves. Independence from known prognostic factors was assessed using Spearman correlation and the Wilcoxon rank sum test prior to multivariable Cox regression modelling including independent biomarkers and known prognostic factors. RESULTS Baseline circulating levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly associated with OS, independent of other clinicopathological characteristics. Patients with low circulating CCL5 (CCL5low) had a median OS of 18.5 (95% CI 11.76-21.32) months compared to 11.3 (95% CI 9.86-15.51) months in CCL5high; hazard ratio 1.95 (95% CI 1.04-8.65; p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS CCL5 is an independent prognostic biomarker in LAPC. Given the known role of CCL5 in tumour invasion, metastasis and the induction of an immunosuppressive micro-environment, targeting of CCL5-mediated pathways may offer therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The SCALOP trial was registered with ISRCTN, number 96169987 (registered 29 May 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Owens
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Sabbagh
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Eric E O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Jiao X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Li Z, Ni D, Ashton AW, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Pestell RG. Leronlimab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to CCR5, blocks breast cancer cellular metastasis and enhances cell death induced by DNA damaging chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 33485378 PMCID: PMC7825185 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (BCa) (TNBC) is a deadly form of human BCa with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In our prior analysis of over 2200 breast cancer samples, the G protein-coupled receptor CCR5 was expressed in > 95% of TNBC samples. A humanized monoclonal antibody to CCR5 (leronlimab), used in the treatment of HIV-infected patients, has shown minimal side effects in large patient populations. Methods A humanized monoclonal antibody to CCR5, leronlimab, was used for the first time in tissue culture and in mice to determine binding characteristics to human breast cancer cells, intracellular signaling, and impact on (i) metastasis prevention and (ii) impact on established metastasis. Results Herein, leronlimab was shown to bind CCR5 in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Binding of leronlimab to CCR5 reduced ligand-induced Ca+ 2 signaling, invasion of TNBC into Matrigel, and transwell migration. Leronlimab enhanced the BCa cell killing of the BCa chemotherapy reagent, doxorubicin. In xenografts conducted with Nu/Nu mice, leronlimab reduced lung metastasis of the TNBC cell line, MB-MDA-231, by > 98% at 6 weeks. Treatment with leronlimab reduced the metastatic tumor burden of established TNBC lung metastasis. Conclusions The safety profile of leronlimab, together with strong preclinical evidence to both prevent and reduce established breast cancer metastasis herein, suggests studies of clinical efficacy may be warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01391-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.
| | - Min Wang
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Dong Ni
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.,Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, LIMR R234, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA. .,Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. .,Xavier University School of Medicine, 1000 Woodbury Rd, Suite 109, Woodbury, NY, 11797, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a label-free molecular imaging technique allowing an untargeted detection of a broad range of biomolecules and xenobiotics. MSI enables imaging of the spatial distribution of proteins, peptides, lipids and metabolites from a wide range of samples. To date, this technique is commonly applied to tissue sections in cancer diagnostics and biomarker development, but also molecular histology in general. Advances in the methodology and bioinformatics improved the resolution of MS images below the single cell level and increased the flexibility of the workflow. However, MSI-based research in virology is just starting to gain momentum and its full potential has not been exploited yet. In this review, we discuss the main applications of MSI in virology. We review important aspects of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI, the most widely used MSI technique in virology. In addition, we summarize relevant literature on MSI studies that aim to unravel virus-host interactions and virus pathogenesis, to elucidate antiviral drug kinetics and to improve current viral disease diagnostics. Collectively, these studies strongly improve our general understanding of virus-induced changes in the proteome, metabolome and metabolite distribution in host tissues of humans, animals and plants upon infection. Furthermore, latest MSI research provided important insights into the drug distribution and distribution kinetics, especially in antiretroviral research. Finally, MSI-based investigations of oncogenic viruses greatly increased our knowledge on tumor mass signatures and facilitated the identification of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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17
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Antineoplastic effects of targeting CCR5 and its therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:73-91. [PMID: 32902795 PMCID: PMC7810651 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Liver metastasis is observed in up to 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Available treatment options are limited and disease recurrence is often. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has attracted attention as novel therapeutic target for treating cancers. In this study, we reinforced the importance of CCR5 as therapeutic target in CRC and its liver metastasis by applying in vitro, in vivo and clinical investigations. Methods By targeting CCR5 via siRNAs or an FDA approved antagonist (maraviroc), we investigated the ensuing antineoplastic effects in three CRC cell lines. An animal model for CRC liver metastasis was used to evaluate time-dependent expressional modulation of the CCR5 axis by cDNA microarray. The model was also used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of targeting CCR5 by maraviroc. Circulatory and tumor associated levels of CCR5 and its cognate ligands (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) were analyzed by ELISA, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Targeting the CCR5 inhibited proliferative, migratory and clonogenic properties and interfered with cell cycle-related signaling cascades. In vivo findings showed significant induction of the CCR5 axis during the early liver colonization phase. Treatment with maraviroc significantly inhibited CRC liver metastasis in the animal model. Differential expression profiles of circulatory and tumor associated CCR5/ligands were observed in CRC patients and healthy controls. Conclusion The findings indicate that targeting the CCR5 axis can be an effective strategy for treating CRC liver metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-020-03382-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Zhou H, Zhang H, Shi M, Wang J, Huang Z, Shi J. A robust signature associated with patient prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment based on immune-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106856. [PMID: 32777677 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one common type of lung cancer. Immune-related genes (IRGs) are closely associated with cancer prognosis. This study aims to screen the key genes associated with LUSC and establish an immune-related prognostic model. METHODS Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUSC and normal samples. Intersecting the DEGs with the immune-related genes (IRGs), we obtained the differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs). Univariate as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the survival-associated IRGs and establish an immune-related prognostic model. The relationship between the prognostic model and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was analyzed by TIMER and CIBERSORT. RESULTS A total of 229 DEIRGs were screened, and 14 IRGs associated with survival were identified using univariate Cox analysis. Among the 14 IRGs, six genes were selected out using Lasso and multivariate Cox analyses, and they were used to build the prognostic model. Further analysis indicated that overall survival (OS) of high-risk groups was lower than that of low-risk groups. High risk score was independently related to worse OS. Moreover, the risk score was positively correlated with several immune infiltration cells. Finally, the efficacy of the prognostic model was validated by another independent cohort GSE73403. CONCLUSION The DEIRGs described in the study may have the potential to be the prognostic molecular markers for LUSC. In addition, the risk score model could predict the OS and provides more information for the immunotherapy of patients with LUSC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Correlation of Data
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/immunology
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Interaction Maps/immunology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/immunology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muqi Shi
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjie Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanghao Huang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Morein D, Erlichman N, Ben-Baruch A. Beyond Cell Motility: The Expanding Roles of Chemokines and Their Receptors in Malignancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32582148 PMCID: PMC7287041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumor activities of some members of the chemokine family are often overcome by the functions of many chemokines that are strongly and causatively linked with increased tumor progression. Being key leukocyte attractants, chemokines promote the presence of inflammatory pro-tumor myeloid cells and immune-suppressive cells in tumors and metastases. In parallel, chemokines elevate additional pro-cancerous processes that depend on cell motility: endothelial cell migration (angiogenesis), recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and site-specific metastasis. However, the array of chemokine activities in cancer expands beyond such “typical” migration-related processes and includes chemokine-induced/mediated atypical functions that do not activate directly motility processes; these non-conventional chemokine functions provide the tumor cells with new sets of detrimental tools. Within this scope, this review article addresses the roles of chemokines and their receptors at atypical levels that are exerted on the cancer cell themselves: promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival; controlling tumor cell senescence; enriching tumors with cancer stem cells; inducing metastasis-related functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); and promoting resistance to chemotherapy and to endocrine therapy. The review also describes atypical effects of chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: their ability to up-regulate/stabilize the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints and to reduce the efficacy of their blockade; to induce bone remodeling and elevate osteoclastogenesis/bone resorption; and to mediate tumor-stromal interactions that promote cancer progression. To illustrate this expanding array of atypical chemokine activities at the cancer setting, the review focuses on major metastasis-promoting inflammatory chemokines—including CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CCL5 (RANTES)—and their receptors. In addition, non-conventional activities of CXCL12 which is a key regulator of tumor progression, and its CXCR4 receptor are described, alongside with the other CXCL12-binding receptor CXCR7 (RDC1). CXCR7, a member of the subgroup of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) known also as ACKR3, opens the gate for discussion of atypical activities of additional ACKRs in cancer: ACKR1 (DARC, Duffy), ACKR2 (D6), and ACKR4 (CCRL1). The mechanisms involved in chemokine activities and the signals delivered by their receptors are described, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Erlichman
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Oncogenic Linear Collagen VI of Invasive Breast Cancer Is Induced by CCL5. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040991. [PMID: 32252260 PMCID: PMC7230614 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple-negative breast tumor boundary is made of aligned, linear collagen. The pro-oncogenic impact of linear collagen is well established; however, its mechanism of formation is unknown. An in vitro analogue of the tumor border is created by a co-culture of MDA-MB-231 cells, adipose derived stem cells, and dermal fibroblasts. Decellularization of this co-culture after seven days reveals an extracellular matrix that is linear in fashion, high in pro-oncogenic collagen type VI, and able to promote invasion of reseeded cells. Further investigation revealed linear collagen VI is produced by fibroblasts in response to a paracrine co-culture of adipose derived stem cells and MDA-MB-231, which together secrete high levels of the chemokine CCL5. The addition of monoclonal antibody against CCL5 to the co-culture results in an unorganized matrix with dramatically decreased collagen VI. Importantly, reseeded cells do not exhibit pro-oncogenic behavior. These data illustrate a cellular mechanism, which creates linear extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro, and highlight a potential role of CCL5 for building striated tumor collagen in vivo.
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21
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Rautenbach A, Williams AA. Metabolomics as an Approach to Characterise the Contrasting Roles of CCR5 in the Presence and Absence of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1472. [PMID: 32098198 PMCID: PMC7073144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors such as C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) are activated through interaction with their ligands and are well known for their role in chemotaxis and signal transduction. While serving these roles, cellular responses are effected, hence the immune function of these molecules is established. Given the role of CCR5 in immune function and that the immune and metabolic systems are interlinked, subsequent immune-directed changes should be measurable at a metabolic level. Numerous investigations have reported on metabolic changes associated with CCR5 status in the presence of disease, so as to understand whether specific CCR5 genotypes, frequency and/or levels offer protection to the host or not. However, these metabolic changes were recorded using older conventional techniques. Depending on certain factors such as the disease model, the geography of the samples and/or the ethnic group under study, the role of CCR5 in disease differs. In addition, little is known about CCR5's role in the absence of an enhanced inflammatory state, such as when infection persists. Metabolomics is defined as the study of metabolites and informs on metabolic changes within living organisms as induced by various stimuli, such as the interaction of CCR5 with its ligand. Since metabolomics reflects the underlying biochemical activity and state of cells/tissues, this review proposes it as a tool to clarify the contrasting roles of CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelia A. Williams
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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22
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Galon J, Bruni D. Tumor Immunology and Tumor Evolution: Intertwined Histories. Immunity 2020; 52:55-81. [PMID: 31940273 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor immunology and the advances, in lockstep, of our understanding of cancer as a disease. We discuss the involvement of different immune cells at distinct stages of tumor progression and how immune contexture determinants shaping tumor development are being exploited therapeutically. Current clinical stratification schemes focus on the tumor histopathology and the molecular characteristics of the tumor cell. We argue for the importance of revising these stratification systems to include immune parameters so as to address the immediate need for improved prognostic and/or predictive information to guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Daniela Bruni
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
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23
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The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc causes remission of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis in nude rats based on cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:82-93. [PMID: 31954769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Recently, expression of the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and its ligands has been found to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we blocked the CCR5 receptor by the FDA approved antagonist maraviroc (MVC) in Suit2-007 and MIA-PaCa-2 human PDAC cells. The treatment significantly inhibited their proliferation and induced apoptosis of exposed cells as evidenced by caspases activation and increased Bax levels. Moreover, MVC inhibited the cell cycle by down regulating the proteins of the complexes of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 - Cyclin D and CDK2 - Cyclin E, as well as by increasing the protein levels of CDK inhibitors p18, p21 and p27. In line with this, MVC caused significant retardation of Suit2-007 cells growing in a PDAC liver metastasis xenograft model (p < 0.05). These results suggest that maraviroc could be a promising treatment strategy for PDAC patients with liver metastases.
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24
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Upadhyaya C, Jiao X, Ashton A, Patel K, Kossenkov AV, Pestell RG. The G protein coupled receptor CCR5 in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 145:29-47. [PMID: 32089164 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The G coupled protein receptor CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) has the unusual characteristic in humans of being a developmentally non-essential gene that participates in several pathological processes including infection with HIV (Dean et al., 1996; Gupta et al., 2019; Samson et al., 1996), progression of stroke (Joy et al., 2019), osteoporosis (Xie et al., 2019) and the metastasis of cancer (Jiao et al., 2018; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) (Reviewed in: Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). The importance of CCR5 in HIV led to recent genetic engineering of humans to recreate a non-functional CCR5 gene. Thus, although the application of gene-editing tools, to manipulate human embryos is prohibited in the United States, and China. at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong (http://www.nationalacademies.org/), it was claimed that CRISPR-Cas9 systems had been used to edit the CCR5 gene in twin baby girls. The importance of CCR5 in stroke has led to clinical trials using maraviroc (NCT03172026). The key function of CCR5 in cancer metastasis and homing (Jiao et al., 2018; Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) has led to three active clinical trials for metastatic cancer using CCR5 antagonists (Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). Thus, it was surprising to find that the all-cause mortality rate in individuals who are homozygous for the CCR5△32 allele in the United Kingdom normal population was increased >20% increase, with an almost 2 year reduction overall lifespan (Wei & Nielsen, 2019). The current review herein discusses the distinct functions of CCR5 in human disease and potential avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Upadhyaya
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - Anthony Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Division of Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kishan Patel
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States.
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25
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Dong R, Liu J, Sun W, Ping W. Comprehensive Analysis of Aberrantly Expressed Profiles of lncRNAs and miRNAs with Associated ceRNA Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:1935-1945. [PMID: 31898160 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the prognosis remains poor worldwide. At present, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was considered as a part of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network act as natural microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate protein-coding gene expression. However, functional roles of lncRNA-mediated ceRNAs in LC are insufficiently understood. To classify the specific mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), we comprehensively compared the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs obtained from 509 LUAD, 473 LUSC tissues and 49 adjacent non-cancerous lung tissues, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After screening for differently expressed (DE) mRNAs, DEmiRNAs, DElncRNAs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) (|log2FC| > 2.0 and an adjusted p value <0.05), a total of 4478 DEmRNAs, 526 DElncRNAs and 75 DEmiRNAs in LUAD, while 6237 DEmRNAs, 843 DElncRNAs and 117 DEmiRNAs in LUSC were discovered. Interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to identify 656 nodes and 2987 edges (minimum required interaction score > 0.9), as well as 8 different protein-protein interactions. Gene ontology (GO) analysis mainly associated with cell proliferation. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses most partly associated with metabolism pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Finally, the dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-ceRNA network was constructed based on correlation analyses and a total of 62 dysregulated lncRNAs, 28 DEmRNAs and 18 DEmiRNAs were involved. The most significant lncRNAs included DElncRNAs, LINC00641 and AC004947.2, miRNAs included miR-6860, miR-1285-3p, miR-767-3p and miR-7974, mRNAs included MAP3K3, FGD3 and ATP1B2. Then we analyzed and described the potential characteristics of biological function and pathological roles of the LUAD and LUSC ceRNA co-regulatory network. Our findings revealed ceRNA network will be beneficial for promoting the understanding of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of LUAD and LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Ping
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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26
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Kulmann-Leal B, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. A functional interaction between the CCR5 and CD34 molecules expressed in hematopoietic cells can support (or even promote) the development of cancer. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2019; 42:70-76. [PMID: 31822447 PMCID: PMC7031097 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and angiogenesis are linked to the development of cancer since both can support the establishment of a tumor-prone microenvironment. The CCR5 is a major regulatory molecule involved in inflammation. The CD34 molecule is commonly described as a hematopoietic stem cell marker, and CD34+ cells are involved in the regulation of distinct physiological processes, including angiogenesis. CCR5 participates in the development of various types of cancer, and recently, a reduced CCR5 expression was associated with low CD34+ cell counts in human cord blood. A naturally occurring genetic variant of the CCR5 gene, the so-called CCR5Δ32 polymorphism, consists of a 32 base-pair deletion in the DNA, interfering in the CCR5 protein levels on the cell surface. When in homozygosis, this variant leads to a total absence of CCR5 expression on the cell surface. In heterozygous individuals, CCR5 surface levels are reduced. Based on these key findings, we hypothesize that a functional interaction can connect CCR5 and CD34 molecules (giving rise to a “CCR5-CD34 axis”). According to this, a CCR5-CD34 interaction can potentially support the development of different types of cancer. Consequently, the lack of CCR5 in association with reduced CD34+ cell counts could indicate a protective factor against the development of cancer. It is required to characterize in detail the functional relationship between CCR5 and CD34 proteins, as well as the real influence of both molecules on the susceptibility and development of cancer at population level. If our hypothesis is confirmed, the CCR5-CD34 axis may be a potential target in the development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Yazdani Z, Mousavi Z, Ghasemimehr N, Kalantary Khandany B, Nikbakht R, Jafari E, Fatemi A, Hassanshahi G. Differential regulatory effects of chemotherapeutic protocol on CCL3_CCL4_CCL5/CCR5 axes in acute myeloid leukemia patients with monocytic lineage. Life Sci 2019; 240:117071. [PMID: 31783051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AML (Acute myeloid leukemia) is characterized as a heterogeneous cancer. Chemokines play fundamental roles in the onset, progression cellular, migration, survival and improvement of AML therapy outcomes. The CCR5 receptors together with their ligands have indirect effects on the progression of cancer. In the present study, we have decided to investigate the impact of chemotherapy on the expression of CCR5 and its related ligands (CCL5, CCL4 and CCL3). MAIN METHODS In this study, peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens were collected prior and post the first stage of (7 + 3) chemotherapy from 25 AML-M4/M5 patients. The expression of CCR by Lymphocytes in peripheral blood was examined by flow cytometry and QRT-PCR. The serum levels of chemokines were measured by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS There was not observed leukemic blast cells in peripheral blood smear at post first stage of chemotherapy. We found that the expression of CCR5 was attenuated in patients post the first stage of chemotherapy and the healthy control subjects. We have also observed that the serum levels of chemokines were elevated in AML patients prior to chemotherapy. Although in post-chemotherapy stage, only CCL3 was found to reach to the baseline level, CCL5 and CCL4 have not returned to the basal level and were significantly higher than healthy control subjects. SIGNIFICANCE The current chemotherapy protocol was not able to completely inhibit CCL5 and CCL4. In conclusion, our findings in harmony with previous studies suggest that inhibition of chemokines along with chemotherapy in AML patients may aid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinat Yazdani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Narges Ghasemimehr
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Roya Nikbakht
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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28
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Gao D, Fish EN. Chemokines in breast cancer: Regulating metabolism. Cytokine 2019; 109:57-64. [PMID: 29903574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions invoke biological responses beyond their originally described function of orchestrating leukocyte trafficking. In this review we will extend the findings that chemokines participate actively in the neoplastic process, and consider the contribution of CCL5 activation of CCR5 on breast cancer cells to upregulation of anabolic metabolic events that would support the energy demands of cell replication and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrin Gao
- Dept. Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Bldg., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- Dept. Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Bldg., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M1, Canada.
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29
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Jiao X, Nawab O, Patel T, Kossenkov AV, Halama N, Jaeger D, Pestell RG. Recent Advances Targeting CCR5 for Cancer and Its Role in Immuno-Oncology. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4801-4807. [PMID: 31292161 PMCID: PMC6810651 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experiments of nature have revealed the peculiar importance of the G-protein-coupled receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), in human disease since ancient times. The resurgence of interest in heterotypic signals in the onset and progression of tumorigenesis has led to the current focus on CCR5 as an exciting new therapeutic target for metastatic cancer with clinical trials now targeting breast and colon cancer. The eutopic expression of CCR5 activates calcium signaling and thereby augments regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. The misexpression of CCR5 in epithelial cells, induced upon oncogenic transformation, hijacks this migratory phenotype. CCR5 reexpression augments resistance to DNA-damaging agents and is sufficient to induce cancer metastasis and "stemness". Recent studies suggest important cross-talk between CCR5 signaling and immune checkpoint function. Because CCR5 on Tregs serves as the coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry, CCR5-targeted therapeutics used in HIV, [small molecules (maraviroc and vicriviroc) and a humanized mAb (leronlimab)], are now being repositioned in clinical trials as cancer therapeutics. As CCR5 is expressed on a broad array of tumors, the opportunity for therapeutic repositioning and the rationale for combination therapy approaches are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Nawab
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, New York
| | - Tejal Patel
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, New York
| | | | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor-Immunity, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Lan Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. CCR5 silencing reduces inflammatory response, inhibits viability, and promotes apoptosis of synovial cells in rat models of rheumatoid arthritis through the MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18748-18762. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Yu Lan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - You‐Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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31
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Liubomirski Y, Lerrer S, Meshel T, Morein D, Rubinstein-Achiasaf L, Sprinzak D, Wiemann S, Körner C, Ehrlich M, Ben-Baruch A. Notch-Mediated Tumor-Stroma-Inflammation Networks Promote Invasive Properties and CXCL8 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:804. [PMID: 31105691 PMCID: PMC6492532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines play key roles in promoting the aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC; Basal/Basal-like). In our previous study we demonstrated that stimulation of TNBC and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultures by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has led to increased metastasis-related properties in vitro and in vivo. In this context, elevated release of the pro-metastatic chemokines CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES) was noted in TNFα- and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated TNBC:MSC co-cultures; the process was partly (CXCL8) and entirely (CCL5) dependent on physical contacts between the two cell types. Here, we demonstrate that DAPT, inhibitor of γ-secretase that participates in activation of Notch receptors, inhibited the migration and invasion of TNBC cells that were grown in “Contact” co-cultures with MSCs or with patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in the presence of TNFα. DAPT also inhibited the contact-dependent induction of CXCL8, but not of CCL5, in TNFα- and IL-1β-stimulated TNBC:MSC/CAF co-cultures; some level of heterogeneity between the responses of different TNBC cell lines was noted, with MDA-MB-231:MSC/CAF co-cultures being the most sensitive to DAPT. Patient dataset studies comparing basal tumors to luminal-A tumors, and mRNA analyses of Notch receptors in TNBC and luminal-A cells pointed at Notch1 as possible mediator of CXCL8 increase in TNFα-stimulated TNBC:stroma “Contact” co-cultures. Accordingly, down-regulation of Notch1 in TNBC cells by siRNA has substantially reduced the contact-dependent elevation in CXCL8 in TNFα- and also in IL-1β-stimulated TNBC:MSC “Contact” co-cultures. Then, studies in which CXCL8 or p65 (NF-κB pathway) were down-regulated (siRNAs; CRISPR/Cas9) in TNBC cells and/or MSCs, indicated that upon TNFα stimulation of “Contact” co-cultures, p65 was activated and led to CXCL8 production mainly in TNBC cells. Moreover, our findings indicated that when tumor cells interacted with stromal cells in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli, TNFα-induced p65 activation has led to elevated Notch1 expression and activation, which then gave rise to elevated production of CXCL8. Overall, tumor:stroma interactions set the stage for Notch1 activation by pro-inflammatory signals, leading to CXCL8 induction and consequently to pro-metastatic activities. These observations may have important clinical implications in designing novel therapy combinations in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Liubomirski
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linor Rubinstein-Achiasaf
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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32
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Liubomirski Y, Lerrer S, Meshel T, Rubinstein-Achiasaf L, Morein D, Wiemann S, Körner C, Ben-Baruch A. Tumor-Stroma-Inflammation Networks Promote Pro-metastatic Chemokines and Aggressiveness Characteristics in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:757. [PMID: 31031757 PMCID: PMC6473166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays key roles in promoting disease progression in the aggressive triple-negative subtype of breast cancer (TNBC; Basal/Basal-like). Here, we took an integrative approach and determined the impact of tumor-stroma-inflammation networks on pro-metastatic phenotypes in TNBC. With the TCGA dataset we found that the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as their target pro-metastatic chemokines CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CCL5 (RANTES) were expressed at significantly higher levels in basal patients than luminal-A patients. Then, we found that TNFα- or IL-1β-stimulated co-cultures of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-549) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressed significantly higher levels of CXCL8 compared to non-stimulated co-cultures or each cell type alone, with or without cytokine stimulation. CXCL8 was also up-regulated in TNBC co-cultures with breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from patients. CCL2 and CCL5 also reached the highest expression levels in TNFα/IL-1β-stimulated TNBC:MSC/CAF co-cultures. The elevations in CXCL8 and CCL2 expression partly depended on direct physical contacts between the tumor cells and the MSCs/CAFs, whereas CCL5 up-regulation was entirely dependent on cell-to-cell contacts. Supernatants of TNFα-stimulated TNBC:MSC "Contact" co-cultures induced robust endothelial cell migration and sprouting. TNBC cells co-cultured with MSCs and TNFα gained migration-related morphology and potent migratory properties; they also became more invasive when co-cultured with MSCs/CAFs in the presence of TNFα. Using siRNA to CXCL8, we found that CXCL8 was significantly involved in mediating the pro-metastatic activities gained by TNFα-stimulated TNBC:MSC "Contact" co-cultures: angiogenesis, migration-related morphology of the tumor cells, as well as cancer cell migration and invasion. Importantly, TNFα stimulation of TNBC:MSC "Contact" co-cultures in vitro has increased the aggressiveness of the tumor cells in vivo, leading to higher incidence of mice with lung metastases than non-stimulated TNBC:MSC co-cultures. Similar tumor-stromal-inflammation networks established in-culture with luminal-A cells demonstrated less effective or differently-active pro-metastatic functions than those of TNBC cells. Overall, our studies identify novel tumor-stroma-inflammation networks that may promote TNBC aggressiveness by increasing the pro-malignancy potential of the TME and of the tumor cells themselves, and reveal key roles for CXCL8 in mediating these metastasis-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Liubomirski
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Linor Rubinstein-Achiasaf
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dina Morein
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Vilgelm AE, Richmond A. Chemokines Modulate Immune Surveillance in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Response to Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:333. [PMID: 30873179 PMCID: PMC6400988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small secreted proteins that orchestrate migration and positioning of immune cells within the tissues. Chemokines are essential for the function of the immune system. Accumulating evidence suggest that chemokines play important roles in tumor microenvironment. In this review we discuss an association of chemokine expression and activity within the tumor microenvironment with cancer outcome. We summarize regulation of immune cell recruitment into the tumor by chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions and describe evidence implicating chemokines in promotion of the "inflamed" immune-cell enriched tumor microenvironment. We review both tumor-promoting function of chemokines, such as regulation of tumor metastasis, and beneficial chemokine roles, including stimulation of anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic strategies target tumor-promoting chemokines or induce/deliver beneficial chemokines within the tumor focusing on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials going forward. The goal of this review is to provide insight into comprehensive role of chemokines and their receptors in tumor pathobiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Pervaiz A, Zepp M, Mahmood S, Ali DM, Berger MR, Adwan H. CCR5 blockage by maraviroc: a potential therapeutic option for metastatic breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:93-106. [PMID: 30456574 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone metastasis is observed in up to 70% of breast cancer patients. The currently available treatment options are palliative in nature. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has gained attention as therapeutic target in various malignancies. Here, we investigated the effects of targeting CCR5 by its antagonist maraviroc in metastatic breast cancer cells. METHODS In response to maraviroc exposure, cytotoxicity was assessed using an MTT proliferation assay, whereas the effects on colony formation and migration were assessed using colony formation, transwell chamber migration and scratch wound healing assays, respectively. Apoptosis-related activities were investigated using nuclear staining, annexin-V FITC staining and Western blotting. Cell cycle changes were analysed using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR for cell cycle relevant genes. A nude rat model for breast cancer bone metastasis was used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of CCR5 targeting by maraviroc. Circulatory levels of the three cognate ligands for CCR5 (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) were analysed in sera of breast cancer patients using ELISA. RESULTS We found that blockade of CCR5 attenuated the proliferation, colony formation and migration of metastatic breast cancer cells, and induced apoptosis and arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Expression profiling highlighted the involvement of cell cycle related signalling cascades. We also found that treatment with maraviroc significantly inhibited bone metastasis in nude rats implanted with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Finally, we found that the circulatory levels of three cognate ligands for the CCR5 receptor varied between breast cancer patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that targeting CCR5 may be an effective strategy to combat breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Pervaiz
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Zepp
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Doaa Mohamed Ali
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hassan Adwan
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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