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Ellis ET, Fairman BJ, Stahr SD, Bensen JT, Mohler JL, Song L, Butler EN, Su LJ, Hsu PC. Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness among African and European American men. Cancer Causes Control 2024:10.1007/s10552-024-01883-3. [PMID: 38758522 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smoking is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has not been established as a prostate cancer risk factor, nor emphasized in prostate cancer prevention. Studies have shown that African American (AA) smokers have a poorer cancer prognosis than European Americans (EAs), while having a lower prevalence of heavy smoking. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness and assessed racial differences in smoking habits on the probability of high-aggressive prostate cancer. METHODS Using data from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (n = 1,279), prostate cancer aggressiveness was defined as high or low based on Gleason scores, serum prostate-specific antigen levels, and tumor stage. Cigarette smoking was categorized as current, former, or never smokers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Self-reported current (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.30-3.06) smoking was associated with high-aggressive prostate cancer relative to never smokers. When stratified by self-reported race, the odds of having high-aggressive cancer increased among AA current (OR = 3.58; 95% CI 2.04-6.28) and former smokers (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.38-3.53) compared to AA never smokers, but the odds were diminished among the EA stratum (Pself-reported race x smoking status = 0.003). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking is associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness, a relationship modulated by self-reported race. Future research is needed to investigate types of cigarettes smoked and metabolic differences that may be contributing to the racial disparities observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar T Ellis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., #820, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7190, USA
| | - Brian J Fairman
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shelbie D Stahr
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., #820, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7190, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lixin Song
- School of Nursing & Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Eboneé N Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - L Joseph Su
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., #820, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7190, USA.
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Armenta-González LL, Hernández-Pérez JG, Feeney EL, Vázquez-Salas A, Galván-Portillo M, López DS, Torres-Sánchez L. Differential association between dairy intake patterns and incident prostate cancer: a potential dairy matrix effect. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:847-857. [PMID: 38197912 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dairy intake patterns and the risk of prostate cancer (PC), and its histological differentiation, among men from Mexico City. METHODS We analyzed the information from 394 incident PC cases paired by age (± 5 years) with 794 population controls. According to the Gleason score at diagnosis, cases were classified as well- (≤ 6), moderately- (= 7), and poorly differentiated PC (≥ 8). Based on a semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire and using energy-density approach, we estimated the energy-adjusted daily intake of whole milk, cheese (fresh, Oaxaca, and Manchego), cream, and yogurt. Through a principal component analysis, we identified three dairy intake patterns: whole milk, cheese, and yogurt. The association between each dairy intake pattern and PC was evaluated from independent nonconditional logistic regression models. We also evaluated the mediator role of calcium and saturated fat intake. RESULTS After adjustment, a high intake of whole milk pattern was associated with a 63% increased risk of PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.63; 95% CI 1.17-2.25, p trend = 0.002); at expenses of moderately (ORhigh vs low: 1.77; 95% CI 1.09-2.85, p trend = 0.015) and poorly differentiated PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.75; 95% CI 1.05- 2.92, p trend = 0.031). The association was mainly mediated by calcium intake (proportion mediated = 1.17; p < 0.01). No associations were found between cream and yogurt intake patterns with risk of PC, and its histological grade. CONCLUSIONS A differential association of dairy intake patterns with risk of PC, and the poorly differentiated PC, was identified. This association seems to be determined by different dairy matrices and it is mediated by calcium content. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and be able to identify other potential mediators in the etiology of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lizbeth Armenta-González
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez
- Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emma L Feeney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Argelia Vázquez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcia Galván-Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - David S López
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Marino P, Mininni M, Deiana G, Marino G, Divella R, Bochicchio I, Giuliano A, Lapadula S, Lettini AR, Sanseverino F. Healthy Lifestyle and Cancer Risk: Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:800. [PMID: 38542712 PMCID: PMC10974142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a serious problem worldwide, as it represents the main cause of death, and its incidence has increased over the years. A potential strategy to counter the growing spread of various forms of cancer is the adoption of prevention strategies, in particular, the use of healthy lifestyles, such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a healthy diet; being physically active; avoiding smoking, alcohol consumption, and sun exposure; and vitamin D supplementation. These modifiable risk factors are associated with this disease, contributing to its development, progression, and severity. This review evaluates the relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors and overall cancer development, specifically breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer, and highlights updated recommendations on cancer prevention. The results of numerous clinical and epidemiological studies clearly show the influence of lifestyles on the development and prevention of cancer. An incorrect diet, composed mainly of saturated fats and processed products, resulting in increased body weight, combined with physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and smoking, has induced an increase in the incidence of all three types of cancer under study. Given the importance of adopting correct and healthy lifestyles to prevent cancer, global institutions should develop strategies and environments that encourage individuals to adopt healthy and regular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marino
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Mariangela Mininni
- Department Direzione Generale per la Salute e le Politiche della Persona, Regione Basilicata, Via Vincenzo Verrastro, 4, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Deiana
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Graziella Marino
- Unit of Breast Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Rosa Divella
- Nutritionist’s Studio at the Gravina in Puglia, C.so Giuseppe Di Vittorio, 14, 70024 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Bochicchio
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Alda Giuliano
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Stefania Lapadula
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Alessandro Rocco Lettini
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Francesca Sanseverino
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
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Takeuchi T, Hattori-Kato M, Okuno Y, Nomiya A, Fukuhara H, Zaitsu M, Azuma T. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Using Occupational and Environmental Factors as Confounding Factors. Cureus 2024; 16:e52926. [PMID: 38406143 PMCID: PMC10893905 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to genetic predisposition, occupational and environmental factors are important for the risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the development of prostate cancer in Japan, including occupational and industrial history as confounding factors in addition to age, smoking, and alcohol drinking. Methods We enrolled 210 prostate cancer patients and 504 male control patients. We conducted four genome-wide association study (GWAS) patterns for prostate cancer development. In the association test, logistic regression models incorporated age, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, and each pattern of industrial/occupational classification. Results No SNPs satisfying the genome-wide significance level of 5×10-8 were detected in GWAS. SNPs with a suggestive association level of 1×10-6 were found near the long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1824 (LINC01824) and tripartite motif family like 2 (TRIML2) genes in the GWAS using occupational history as a confounder and near the ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 25 (RPS2P25) gene in the GWAS using industrial history as a confounder. No SNPs that met the suggestive association level were observed in the GWAS that did not include occupational and industrial history. Conclusion By adding occupational and industrial history to the confounding factors, there were SNPs detected in the GWAS for prostate cancer development. The consideration of occupational and industrial history may increase the usefulness of GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN
| | - Mami Hattori-Kato
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN
| | - Yumiko Okuno
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN
| | - Akira Nomiya
- Department of Urology, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Masayoshi Zaitsu
- Center for Research of the Aging Workforce, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, JPN
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, JPN
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Hernández-Pérez JG, López DS, Rodríguez-Valentín R, Vázquez-Salas RA, Sierra-Santoyo A, Torres-Sánchez L. Late puberty onset and lack of acne during adolescence reduce high-grade prostate cancer at adulthood. Prostate 2023; 83:1342-1350. [PMID: 37415324 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between pubertal events patterns (PEP) and prostate cancer (PCa) remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the association of PEP with the odds of PCa, and PCa histological differentiation in men residents of Mexico city. METHODS In this case-control study, we analyzed the information of 371 incident prostate cancer cases and 775 controls matched on age (±5 years). High-grade prostate cancer was classified with Gleason score at diagnosis as ≥8. With information related to beard growth, age at maximum height attainment, and acne severity, the k-medoids algorithm was used to identify three mutually exclusive PEP (early, intermediate, and late). This association was evaluated using multivariable nonconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Men with late PEP, characterized by age at maximum height attainment at around 23 years and no history of acne, was inversely associated with incident (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-0.48, p trend <0.01) and high-grade prostate cancer (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.59, p trend <0.01). Similar associations were observed even after adjusting by IGF-1 (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.58) and androgens excretion (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.66). Only the association between the absence of acne and prostate cancer remained significant after adjustment by these biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that pubertal characteristics might be helpful in identifying risk groups, among which, secondary prevention strategies could be applied. Also, the results agree with previous work suggesting other potential biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of prostate cancer such as the infectious and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S López
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Valentín
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ruth Argelia Vázquez-Salas
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Adolfo Sierra-Santoyo
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Douglas D, Keating L, Strykowski R, Lee CT, Garcia N, Selvan K, Kaushik N, Bauer Ventura I, Jablonski R, Vij R, Chung JH, Bellam S, Strek ME, Adegunsoye A. Tobacco smoking is associated with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and worse outcomes in interstitial lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L233-L243. [PMID: 37366539 PMCID: PMC10396279 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00083.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an established cause of pulmonary disease whose contribution to interstitial lung disease (ILD) is incompletely characterized. We hypothesized that compared with nonsmokers, subjects who smoked tobacco would differ in their clinical phenotype and have greater mortality. We performed a retrospective cohort study of tobacco smoking in ILD. We evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics, time to clinically meaningful lung function decline (LFD), and mortality in patients stratified by tobacco smoking status (ever vs. never) within a tertiary center ILD registry (2006-2021) and replicated mortality outcomes across four nontertiary medical centers. Data were analyzed by two-sided t tests, Poisson generalized linear models, and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), ILD subtype, antifibrotic therapy, and hospital center. Of 1,163 study participants, 651 were tobacco smokers. Smokers were more likely to be older, male, have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), coronary artery disease, CT honeycombing and emphysema, higher FVC, and lower DLCO than nonsmokers (P < 0.01). Time to LFD in smokers was shorter (19.7 ± 20 mo vs. 24.8 ± 29 mo; P = 0.038) and survival time was decreased [10.75 (10.08-11.50) yr vs. 20 (18.67-21.25) yr; adjusted mortality HR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.17-1.92; P < 0.0001] compared with nonsmokers. Smokers had 12% greater odds of death for every additional 10 pack yr of smoking (P < 0.0001). Mortality outcomes remained consistent in the nontertiary cohort (HR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.03-2.23; P = 0.036). Tobacco smokers with ILD have a distinct clinical phenotype strongly associated with the syndrome of combined PF and emphysema, shorter time to LFD, and decreased survival. Smoking prevention may improve ILD outcomes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Smoking in ILD is associated with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Douglas
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Layne Keating
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rachel Strykowski
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Cathryn T Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Nicole Garcia
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kavitha Selvan
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Iazsmin Bauer Ventura
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Renea Jablonski
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rekha Vij
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jonathan H Chung
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Shashi Bellam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Mary E Strek
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Benedict MO, Steinberg WJ, Claassen FM, Mofolo N. The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2023; 65:e1-e10. [PMID: 36744484 PMCID: PMC9983285 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men who are more negatively affected. Modifiable risk factors for PCa are mostly behavioural and lifestyle. Understanding community-specific determinants is important when developing health promotion interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the profile of African men with PCa in the Free State, South Africa. METHOD A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using case record information and self-administered questionnaires among 341 African men with PCa attending the oncology and urology clinics of a tertiary hospital. RESULT Participants' median age at diagnosis was 66 years. Only 76 (22.3%) participants had ever heard of PCa prior to being diagnosed with the disease, 36 (47.4%) of whom had ever had screening performed. The majority (n = 298, 87.4%) were symptomatic; 50% sought medical help within six months. At diagnosis, 133 (39.0%) men presented with stage T3 or T4 disease, 75 (22.0%) with metastatic disease and 84 (24.6%) with Gleason score ≥ 8. Factors associated with advanced and high-grade disease included smoking, decreased sunlight exposure and physical activity, relatively increased ingestion of dairy products and red meat. Factors associated with early stage and low-grade disease included relatively increased ingestion of fruits, vegetables and fish. CONCLUSION Advanced and high-grade PCa disease is not uncommon among men ≥ 60 years in this study setting. Certain modifiable risk factors associated with advanced disease were established in this study. The majority had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prior to PCa diagnosis, but they were of poor health-seeking behaviour. Although there seems not to be a systematic delay in the definitive diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PCa, there is a need to improve on health education and awareness in the study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O.A. Benedict
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Wilhelm J. Steinberg
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Frederik M. Claassen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel Mofolo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Benedict MO, Steinberg WJ, Claassen FM, Mofolo N. The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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9
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Metabolic Syndrome and Prostate Cancer Risk in Mexican Men: A Population Case-control Study. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:594-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Leitão C, Matos B, Roque F, Herdeiro MT, Fardilha M. The Impact of Lifestyle on Prostate Cancer: A Road to the Discovery of New Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2925. [PMID: 35629050 PMCID: PMC9148038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, and its incidence has been rising through the years. Several risk factors have been associated with this disease and unhealthy lifestyles and inflammation were appointed as major contributors for PCa development, progression, and severity. Despite the advantages associated with the currently used diagnostic tools [prostate-specific antigen(PSA) serum levels and digital rectal examination (DRE)], the development of effective approaches for PCa diagnosis is still necessary. Finding lifestyle-associated proteins that may predict the development of PCa seems to be a promising strategy to improve PCa diagnosis. In this context, several biomarkers have been identified, including circulating biomarkers (CRP, insulin, C-peptide, TNFα-R2, adiponectin, IL-6, total PSA, free PSA, and p2PSA), urine biomarkers (PCA3, guanidine, phenylacetylglycine, and glycine), proteins expressed in exosomes (afamin, vitamin D-binding protein, and filamin A), and miRNAs expressed in prostate tissue (miRNA-21, miRNA-101, and miRNA-182). In conclusion, exploring the impact of lifestyle and inflammation on PCa development and progression may open doors to the identification of new biomarkers. The discovery of new PCa diagnostic biomarkers should contribute to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Leitão
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.L.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Bárbara Matos
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Roque
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic of Guarda (UDI-IPG), Avenida Doutor Francisco Sá Carneiro, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal;
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Herdeiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.L.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Galván-Portillo M, Vázquez-Salas RA, Hernández-Pérez JG, Blanco-Muñoz J, López-Carrillo L, Torres-Sánchez L. Dietary flavonoid patterns and prostate cancer: evidence from a Mexican population-based case-control study. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1-9. [PMID: 34256878 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a broad group of bioactive compounds with anticarcinogenic effects on the prostate that have been scarcely evaluated in Latin American populations. Our objective was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns of flavonoid intake and prostate cancer (PC) in a population-based case-control study carried out in Mexico City. Based on a semi-quantitative FFQ with a frame reference of 3 years before diagnosis or interview, we used an updated database for estimating the daily intake (mg/d) of flavones, flavonols and flavanols for 395 confirmed incident PC cases and 797 population controls matched by age (± 5 years). Histological PC differentiation was evaluated using the Gleason score at diagnosis. Flavonoid dietary intake patterns (FDIP) were determined through principal component analysis, and their association with PC was estimated using logistic regression models. Three FDIP were identified: gallate pattern (GP) characterised by (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and (+)-gallocatechin; luteolin pattern (LP) characterised by luteolin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate; and a mixed pattern (MP) that included (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and quercetin. A higher GP (ORT3 v.T1 = 0·47; 95 % CI 0·33, 0·66) and LP intake (ORT3 v. T1 = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·27, 0·59) were associated with a decreased PC likelihood. In contrast, a higher MP intake (ORT3 v. T1 = 2·32; 95 % CI 1·67, 3·23) increased PC likelihood. The possible differential and synergistic anticarcinogenic role of flavonoid compounds in PC deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Galván-Portillo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ruth Argelia Vázquez-Salas
- National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera. CP 62100Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julia Blanco-Muñoz
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, CP 62100Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Torres-Sánchez L, Burguete-García AI, Orbe Orihuela YC, Vázquez-Salas RA, Álvarez-Topete E, Gómez R. Contribution of MSMB promoter region gene polymorphism to early-onset prostate cancer risk in Mexican males. Oncotarget 2019; 10:738-748. [PMID: 30774776 PMCID: PMC6366823 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections and its contribution to prostate cancer (PC) development have been relevant in different populations. MSMB gene polymorphism (rs10993994) has exhibited an association both with PC as well as the susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Hitherto, these conditions have been not studied in Mexico yet, neither if sexually transmitted infections could modify the MSMB and PC association. Herein, socio-demographic features, sexually transmitted infections records, the reproductive backgrounds, and the genetic characterisation were analysed in 322 incident PC cases and 628 population healthy controls from Mexico City. Whole PC, early-onset PC (PC at < 60 years old), late-onset PC (≥ 60 years old), and PC aggressiveness were used to evaluate the genetic variants contribution to PC risk using unconditional logistic regression models. Overall, none associations between the allelic variants of rs10993994 polymorphisms with whole and PC aggressiveness were found. Howbeit, the TT genotype carriers presented the highest susceptibility to develop early-onset PC (OR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.41, 5.04; p = 0.03) than CC+CT carriers, both with codominant and recessive models. Although none association between whole PC and MSMB gene polymorphism was found, our results were reinforced by prior studies in European descendent populations, suggesting a contribution between rs10993994 and early-onset PC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana I Burguete-García
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, INSP, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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Darcey E, Boyle T. Tobacco smoking and survival after a prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:30-40. [PMID: 30055462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a number of studies indicate tobacco smoking has a detrimental impact on survival and recurrence after a prostate cancer diagnosis, there has been no quantitative review of this literature and it is unclear whether tobacco smoking affects clinical populations differentially. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the associations between tobacco smoking and overall (OM) and prostate cancer-specific (PSM) mortality and recurrence after a prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS EMBASE and ISI Web of Science were searched for English-language studies, published up to August 17, 2017, which conducted a survival analysis to estimate the association between tobacco smoking and OM, PSM and/or recurrence. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the summary hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between tobacco smoking and the three outcomes. RESULTS A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the primary meta-analysis indicate current smokers have significantly poorer overall survival (Summary HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.28), prostate cancer-specific survival (Summary HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.47, 2.20) and recurrence-free survival (Summary HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.28, 1.72) than never smokers. Similar results were found in population-based studies and in studies conducted in specific clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that tobacco smoking at prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of overall mortality, prostate-cancer specific mortality and recurrence. We recommend future studies collect more detailed information about tobacco smoking to further understanding of the association between tobacco smoking and PCa prognosis. In addition, further research should concentrate on the impact of smoking cessation post-diagnosis and post-treatment on prognosis, and the feasibility and effectiveness of smoking cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Darcey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Terry Boyle
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
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