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Li Q, Geng S, Luo H, Wang W, Mo YQ, Luo Q, Wang L, Song GB, Sheng JP, Xu B. Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:266. [PMID: 39370455 PMCID: PMC11456611 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its complexity is influenced by various signal transduction networks that govern cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. The pathogenesis of CRC is a testament to the dysregulation of these signaling cascades, which culminates in the malignant transformation of colonic epithelium. This review aims to dissect the foundational signaling mechanisms implicated in CRC, to elucidate the generalized principles underpinning neoplastic evolution and progression. We discuss the molecular hallmarks of CRC, including the genomic, epigenomic and microbial features of CRC to highlight the role of signal transduction in the orchestration of the tumorigenic process. Concurrently, we review the advent of targeted and immune therapies in CRC, assessing their impact on the current clinical landscape. The development of these therapies has been informed by a deepening understanding of oncogenic signaling, leading to the identification of key nodes within these networks that can be exploited pharmacologically. Furthermore, we explore the potential of integrating AI to enhance the precision of therapeutic targeting and patient stratification, emphasizing their role in personalized medicine. In summary, our review captures the dynamic interplay between aberrant signaling in CRC pathogenesis and the concerted efforts to counteract these changes through targeted therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to pave the way for improved prognosis and personalized treatment modalities in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- The Shapingba Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Geng
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Health and Health Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Qi Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guan-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian-Peng Sheng
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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Wahabi S, Rtibi K, Brinsi C, Jridi M, Sebai H. Overweight/bowel dysmotility crosslinking and analogous laxative actions of two edible wild fruits in obese/constipated rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14933. [PMID: 39344995 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prompt development of obesity/constipation is the most serious problem for both children and adults. Limited studies suggested an association between them but lacked preclinical studies. This study allows to evaluate their crosslink and to compare the aqueous extracts laxative actions of two edible wild fruits of Arbutus unedo (AUAE) and Crataegus monogyna (CMAE) in constipated high-fat diet (HFD) rats. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into experimental groups for 13 weeks: standard (SD) and HFD groups. SD-rats were randomly redivided into 2 groups: SD and SD + Loperamide (LOP, 3 mg/kg, b.w.). HFD-rats were randomly reseparated into HFD-group, (HFD + LOP)-group, [HFD + Yohimbine (YOH, 2 mg/kg, b.w.)]-group, [HFD+ LOP]-groups+ various doses of AUAE or CMAE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, b.w.). Diversified indicators were investigated to achieve the expected objectives, including; fecal parameters, gastrointestinal transit (GIT), gastric emptying (GE), oxidative stress-(OxS), blood biochemical analysis, and accompanied small/large bowel histological modification. KEY RESULTS The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis of AUAE and CMAE allowed the identification of 11 and 6 phenolic compounds, respectively. In HFD-rats, the subsequent dysregulation of GI motility was markedly aggravated. More importantly, with the same way (CMAE and AUAE)-treated groups showed alleviated outcomes for the following: most stool parameters, GIT, and GE were remarkably recovered; a similar recovery pattern was observed in the histopathological structure, OxS, and blood biochemical indicators. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results experimentally confirmed the crosslink between overweight and constipation and both fruits have potential as functional foods to reduce metabolic risk of the obesity associated with bowel dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Wahabi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Chirine Brinsi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
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Rashed Adam T, Bakhamees BH, Abdulla Ali Ahmed Ali M, Hamed AM, Alotaibi A, Mohamed Hamato A, Taha Zatari R, Abdulmalik Fahad S, Abdulaziz Abdulbari R, Marzooq Alharbi H, Abdelbaky M. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Cureus 2024; 16:e69439. [PMID: 39411590 PMCID: PMC11474415 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health burden in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, necessitating a deeper understanding of modifiable risk factors. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevention of CRC in GCC countries. Studies were identified through electronic searches and reviewed based on relevant keywords. Databases searched included Ovid's MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, covering titles and abstracts published between January 1, 2000 and July 25, 2024. The search strategy encompassed four thematic areas: "colorectal cancer," "adults above 18," "risk factors," and "GCC countries." The primary focus was on dietary and lifestyle factors. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts to determine whether the inclusion criteria were met. A total of 1,883 records were identified across these databases. After removing 513 duplicate records, 1,370 records were screened based on titles and abstracts. Of these, 1,284 records were excluded, leaving 86 full-text articles for assessment. Eight studies were ultimately included in the final systematic review, consisting of seven case-control studies and one cross-sectional study. In GCC countries, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber has shown protective effects against CRC, while high red meat and refined carbohydrate intake may increase risk. Regular physical activity reduces CRC risk, though the impact of smoking remains inconclusive. Evidence regarding dairy products is contradictory. There is a shortage of high-quality longitudinal studies, highlighting gaps in current research and underscoring the need for larger studies with consistent methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Rashed Adam
- Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Hamed
- Stroke, United Lincolnshire Hospital Trust, Lincolnshire, GBR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mona Abdelbaky
- Neonatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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Almohaid S, Akhtar S. Diet, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a middle eastern country: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:694. [PMID: 38844890 PMCID: PMC11157712 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be classified as one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There is scarcity of the published data on the risk factors for HCC in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries specifically Kuwait. Therefore, this case-control study sought to examine the risk factors associated with HCC in Kuwait. METHODS Fifty-three histopathologically confirmed HCC cases were recruited from the Kuwait Cancer Control Center Registry. One hundred ninety-six controls (1:4 ratio) were selected from medical and/ or surgical outpatient's clinics at all six public hospitals of Kuwait. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data both from cases and controls through face-to-face interviews. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to the case-control data. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using the parameters' estimates of the final model and used for interpretation of the model. RESULTS The HCC cases compared with the controls were 41.6 times more likely to have had the history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (ORadj = 41.6; 95% CI: 8.9-193.5; p < 0.001). The cases compared with the controls were more likely to have reported the history of heavy alcohol drinking (ORadj = 14.2; 95% CI: 1.2-173.4; p = 0.038). Furthermore, compared with the controls, the HCC cases tended to frequently consume milk and/or milk substitutes (≥ 3 glass/ week) (ORadj = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.2-43.4). Conversely however, there was a significant protective effect if the participants reportedly have had regularly used olive oil in their routine diet as a source of fat (ORadj = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04-0.80) or regularly used non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ORadj = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.71). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that heavy alcohol consumption, NAFLD history, and excessive consumption of milk/ milk substitutes were associated with a significantly increased HCC risk. Conversely however, regular use of olive oil in the diet as a source of fat or regular use of NSAIDs had a significantly protective effect against HCC risk. Adapting healthy dietary habits and preventing/ treating NAFLD may minimize the HCC risk. Future research with a larger sample size may contemplate validating the results of this study and unraveling additional risk factors contributing to HCC risk. The resultant data may help design and implement evidence-based educational programs for the prevention of HCC in this and other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Almohaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
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Xiang N, Xu L, Qian H, Zhang D. Multiple obesity indices suggest a close relationship between obesity and constipation: evidence from NHANES. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1273. [PMID: 38724957 PMCID: PMC11084052 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and constipation among American adults. METHODS Our study leveraged data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This comprehensive approach enabled us to summarize the weighted prevalence rates of obesity in adults. To further deepen our understanding, we employed a variety of analytical methods. These included multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic splines. Through these methodologies, we were able to effectively evaluate the correlation between various obesity indicators and constipation, offering new insights into this complex relationship. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of constipation stands at 9.42%. Notably, an increased risk of constipation is linked with a BMI (body mass index) exceeding 28 kg/m2, WSR (waist-stature ratio) that is either between 58.3 and 64.8 or above 64.8, as well as a LAP (lipid accumulation products) ranging from 50.8 to 90.1. In contrast, a reduced risk of constipation is associated with WWI (weight-adjusted-waist index) that falls between 0.015 and 0.020, exceeds 0.020, and without the presence of central obesity (P < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis, a significant non-linear relationship was discerned between BMI, WSR, and LAP in relation to constipation. CONCLUSIONS This pioneering large-scale study explores the relationship between various obesity indices and constipation. It reveals that reducing the BMI, WSR, LAP and waist circumference can decrease the risk of constipation. Conversely, a higher value of WWI correlates with a lower constipation risk, and this remains true even after adjusting for a wide range of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengjun Xiang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haihua Qian
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Senousy MA, Shaker OG, Ayeldeen G, Radwan AF. Association of lncRNA MEG3 rs941576 polymorphism, expression profile, and its related targets with the risk of obesity-related colorectal cancer: potential clinical insights. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10271. [PMID: 38704452 PMCID: PMC11069513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel screening tools is imperative to empower the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The influence of the long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) rs941576 single nucleotide polymorphism on CRC susceptibility remains uninvestigated. This research appraised MEG3 rs941576 association with the risk and clinical features of CRC and obesity-related CRC and its impact on serum MEG3 expression and its targets miR-27a/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and miR-181a/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the potential of these markers in obesity-related CRC diagnosis. 130 CRC patients (60 non-obese and 70 obese) and 120 cancer-free controls (64 non-obese and 56 obese) were enrolled. MEG3 targets were selected using bioinformatics analysis. MEG3 rs941576 was associated with magnified CRC risk in overall (OR (95% CI) 4.69(1.51-14.57), P = 0.0018) and stratified age and gender groups, but not with obesity-related CRC risk or MEG3/downstream targets' expression. Escalated miR-27a and IGFBP3 and reduced IGF1 serum levels were concomitant with MEG3 downregulation in overall CRC patients versus controls and obese versus non-obese CRC patients. Serum miR-181a and SIRT1 were upregulated in CRC patients versus controls but weren't altered in the obese versus non-obese comparison. Serum miR-181a and miR-27a were superior in overall and obesity-related CRC diagnosis, respectively; meanwhile, IGF1 was superior in distinguishing obese from non-obese CRC patients. Only serum miR-27a was associated with obesity-related CRC risk in multivariate logistic analysis. Among overall CRC patients, MEG3 rs941576 was associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis and tumor stage, serum MEG3 was negatively correlated with tumor stage, while SIRT1 was correlated with the anatomical site. Significant correlations were recorded between MEG3 and anatomical site, SIRT1 and tumor stage, and miR-27a/IGFBP3 and LN metastasis among obese CRC patients, while IGF1 was correlated with tumor stage and LN metastasis among non-obese CRC patients. Conclusively, this study advocates MEG3 rs941576 as a novel genetic marker of CRC susceptibility and prognosis. Our findings accentuate circulating MEG3/miR-27a/IGF1/IGFBP3, especially miR-27a as valuable markers for the early detection of obesity-related CRC. This axis along with SIRT1 could benefit obesity-related CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Olfat G Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ayeldeen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdullah F Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
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Keivanlou MH, Amini-Salehi E, Joukar F, Letafatkar N, Habibi A, Norouzi N, Vakilpour A, Aleali MS, Rafat Z, Ashoobi MT, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Hassanipour S. Family history of cancer as a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer in EMRO countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17457. [PMID: 37838786 PMCID: PMC10576738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The current meta-analysis aims to investigate the existing articles that evaluated the implications of a positive family history of cancer on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) within the EMRO countries. We employed PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as search databases for this study. To assess the quality of the selected articles, we utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa (NCO) checklist. In comparing the impact of a family history of cancer between the case and control groups, we computed the odds ratio (OR) along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, 27 articles were selected for meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis showed a significant association between the presence of a family history of CRC or any cancers and CRC (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.54-3.17; P < 0.001, OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.27-2.42; P = 0.001, respectively). Our findings underscore the critical importance of timely screening and early identification for individuals with a family history of cancer. By fostering close coordination among healthcare facilities and actively promoting the adoption of screening methods for early detection, we have the potential to significantly reduce both mortality rates and financial burdens of CRC on the general public, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arman Habibi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Naeim Norouzi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Sadat Aleali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Rafat
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ashoobi
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Keivanlou MH, Amini-Salehi E, Hassanipour S, Mahapatro A, Raghuma N, Joukar F, Letafatkar N, Habibi A, Norouzi N, Aleali MS, Javid M, Mirdamadi A, Mansour-Ghanaei F. Association between smoking and colorectal cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:204-211. [PMID: 37470665 PMCID: PMC10445494 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_163_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking poses a significant risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), considered the third leading reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, there has been limited research on the relationship between smoking and CRC in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO). Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to combine available data and gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between smoking and CRC in EMRO. Methods Two independent researchers searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2022. The included studies were checked for risk of bias administering the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics and the Cochrane test. Publication bias was determined through funnel plot analysis and Egger's regression test. Additionally, a meta-regression analysis explored the impact of a country's Human Development Index (HDI) on the relationship between smoking and CRC. Results The final analysis included 26 studies, revealing a significant association between smoking and CRC (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.78; P = 0.004). Moreover, smoking had a more pronounced adverse effect on CRC in countries with higher HDIs compared to those with lower HDIs (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.99 - 1.71; P = 0.054). Conclusions Our findings underscore the importance of implementing smoking cessation programs and policies in EMRO countries, as they demonstrate a positive relationship between smoking and the risk of CRC. Furthermore, the results suggest that a country's level of human development may influence the association between smoking and CRC. Further research is needed to investigate this potential connection and develop targeted public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abinash Mahapatro
- School of Medicine, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Nakka Raghuma
- School of Medicine, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arman Habibi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Naeim Norouzi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Aleali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mona Javid
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arian Mirdamadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
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Kobayashi M, Pattarathitwat P, Pongprajakand A, Kongkaew S. Association of normal weight obesity with lifestyle and dietary habits in young Thai women: A cross-sectional study. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 5:100055. [PMID: 37990747 PMCID: PMC10661982 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of lifestyle-related diseases in normal weight obesity (NWO), a condition, in which the body mass index (BMI) is normal but the body fat mass is high, has attracted a lot of attention. However, there are no reports on the association between NWO and lifestyle, eating habits, and other health risks in Thai people. BMI alone cannot be used to identify individuals with NWO; thus, some students with NWO develop metabolic abnormalities without receiving any intervention. This study aimed to examine the differences in anthropometrics, lifestyle, and eating habits among young Thai women and their association with the BMI and the body fat ratio (BFR). Methods A total of 250 female Thai university students of normal body type (18.5 ≤ BMI<25.0 kg/m2) were classified as having non-normal weight obesity (NO-NWO) if their BFR was <30.0% or NWO if their BMI and BFR were >30.0%. The lifestyle and eating habits of the two groups were compared. We conducted logistic analysis with the presence or absence of NWO as the dependent variable, and the dietary habit items of "eating greasy foods," "eating ultra-processed foods (UPF)," and "drinking sweetened beverages" as the objective variables. Results Among the study participants who were of normal body type, 46.8% were NWO. The participants in the NWO group consumed UPF more frequently (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; p = 0.014) and sweetened beverages more regularly (OR, 1.92, p = 0.041) than those in the NO-NWO group. Conclusion UPF and sweetened beverage consumption was more common in individuals with NWO. Identifying the risk factors for NWO is essential to help individuals make lifestyle changes to prevent its progression and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minatsu Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Paponpat Pattarathitwat
- Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 39 Moo 1, Klong 6, Khlong Luang Pathum, Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Apidech Pongprajakand
- Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 39 Moo 1, Klong 6, Khlong Luang Pathum, Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Sikaret Kongkaew
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, 202 Chang Phueak Rd, Chang Phueak, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
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11
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Guo C, Zhang L, Zhao M, Ai Y, Liao W, Wan L, Liu Q, Li S, Zeng J, Ma X, Tang J. Targeting lipid metabolism with natural products: A novel strategy for gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2036-2050. [PMID: 36748953 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC), including gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, is a common malignant tumor originating from gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Although the pathogenesis of GIC remains unclear, aberrant lipid metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer. Several enzymes, proteins, and transcription factors are involved in lipid metabolism reprogramming in GIC, and their abnormal expression can promote lipid synthesis and accumulation of lipid droplets through numerous mechanisms, thereby affecting the growth, proliferation, and metastasis of GIC cells. Studies show that some natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, can inhibit the de novo synthesis of lipids in GIC, reduce the level of lipid accumulation, and subsequently, inhibit the occurrence and development of GIC by regulating Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin PI3K/Akt/mTOR, amongst other targets and pathways. Therefore, targeting tumor lipid metabolism is the focus of anti-gastrointestinal tumor therapy. Although most natural products require further high-quality studies to firmly establish their clinical efficacy, we review the potential of natural products in the treatment of GIC and summarize the application prospect of lipid metabolism as a new target for the treatment of GIC, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Ai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Spatial and temporal patterns of colorectal cancer in Asia, 1990-2019. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:255-267. [PMID: 36520255 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asia accounts for the largest burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. This study examines the temporal patterns of CRC in Asia in the last three decades. METHODS The data pertaining to CRC burden measured by incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs) and its risk factors for 49 countries in the Asian continent were drawn from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study between 1990 and 2019. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy indicator of 5-year survival rates. RESULTS In Asia, incident cases more than tripled from 270,851 to 1.1 million, deaths tripled from 183,252 to 560,426, and DALYs more than doubled from 5 million to 13.4 million between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased from 14.0/100,000 to 23.9/100,000, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) increased from 10.1/100,000 to 12.5/100,000, and MIR decreased from 0.68 to 0.50 between 1990 and 2019. ASIR varied 10-folds across countries from 5.6/100,000 in Bangladesh to 62.0/100,000 in Taiwan in 2019 and ASMR from 4.9/1000 in Bangladesh to 30.3/100,000 in Brunei. In 2019, diet low in milk (18.7%) and whole grains (15.2%) and calcium (16.6%) were the major contributory risk factors in CRC DALYs in 2019. CONCLUSION CRC is a fast-rising neoplasm in Asia and its burden can be curtailed by focusing on primary prevention (e.g., diet and physical activity) and secondary prevention through screening. The policy focus and resources must be directed towards capacity building, including cancer infrastructure and quality data availability from cancer registries.
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13
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WU Y, SONG J, MA A, ZHANG Z, CHEN Z, LI S, QI B, JIA Y. Isolation and extraction of glansreginin A from walnut meal and its effect on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongling WU
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Jiaxin SONG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Aijin MA
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Zijie ZHANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Zhou CHEN
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Siting LI
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Bing QI
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Walnut Nutritional Function and Processing Technology, China
| | - Yingmin JIA
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Liu WS, Zhang XY, Tong HX, Yang H, Liu WF, Fan J, Zhou J, Hu J. Low expression of exosomal miR-150 predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients after surgical resections. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:930-940. [PMID: 35767307 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a leading indicator of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomal intercellular communication has been reported to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Here, we characterized exosomal miRNAs underlying liver metastasis in CRC patients (Cohort 1, n = 30) using miRNA arrays. Exosomal miR-150 was found to be downregulated in CRC patients with liver metastases compared to those without (P = 0.025, fold change [FC] = 2.01). These results were then validated using another independent cohort of CRC patients (Cohort 2, n = 64). Patients with low expression of exosomal miR-150 had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time (33.3 months versus 43.3 months, P = 0.002). In addition, the low expression of exosomal miR-150 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor node metastasis staging (P = 0.013), higher CA199 level (P = 0.018), and the presence of liver metastasis (P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of exosomal miR-150 (P = 0.035) and liver metastasis (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that the viability and invasion of CRC cells were both significantly suppressed by ExomiR-150. Target-prediction assessment and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that FTO (the fat mass and obesity-associated gene) was a direct target for miR-150. This study first demonstrated that exosomal miR-150 may be a potential prognostic factor and treatment target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Xing Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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15
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Yinhang W, Wei W, Jing Z, Qing Z, Yani Z, Yangyanqiu W, Shuwen H. Biological roles of toll-like receptors and gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1071-1089. [PMID: 35916158 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most considerably common malignancies of the alimentary system, with high mortality and incidence rates. The present study suggested that the occurrence of CRC is closely related to bacteria, as the large intestine is a gathering place for human micro-organisms. However, the nosogenesis of bacteria leading to tumorigenesis is still obscure. Recently, many studies have reported that toll-like receptors and their related molecular pathways are involved in the process of gut micro-organisms generating CRC. Gut micro-organisms can promote or inhibit the development of CRC via binding to special toll-like receptors. In this paper, the authors review the relationship among toll-like receptors, gut micro-organisms and CRC in order to provide a reference for future tumor immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yinhang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research & Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou,1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research & Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou,1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research & Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou,1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Zhou Qing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research & Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou,1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Zhou Yani
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,Graduate School of Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Wang Yangyanqiu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,Graduate School of Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research & Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou,1558 Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
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16
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Yu SC, Liao KM, Chou CL, Tian YF, Wang JJ, Ho CH, Shiue YL. Impact of Tumor Location on Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Taiwan’s Cancer Registry Database. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: ONCOLOGY 2022; 16:11795549221111713. [PMID: 35875416 PMCID: PMC9301104 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the mortality differences between 2 primary tumor locations, the proximal/distal colon and rectosigmoid junction (RSJ)/rectum, after adjusting for comorbidities. Methods: The Taiwan Cancer Registry linked with Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database was used to estimate the 5-year mortality rate among patients with colorectal cancer. A total of 73 769 individuals were enrolled in the study, which included 44 234 patients with proximal and distal colon cancers and 29 535 patients with RSJ and rectal cancers. Potential mortality risk was calculated using Cox regression analysis. Results: The mortality rates due to the location of the cancer in the proximal/distal colon and RSJ/rectum were 45.27% and 42.20%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities, and clinical stages, the proximal/distal colon had a 1.03-fold higher 5-year overall mortality rate than RSJ/rectal cancer (95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.05). Proximal and distal colon cancers had a worse prognosis and survival than RSJ and rectal colon cancers in women and older patients (⩾70 years). Comorbidities had different effects on mortality in the proximal/distal colon and RSJ/rectum. Conclusions: Tumor location is associated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. It is important to treat patients beyond their cancer treatment, and to manage their comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ming Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology & General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Ghrouz I, El Sharif N. Diet and Genetic Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer in Palestine: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2460-2469. [PMID: 34875940 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2013507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To add evidence to the limited data available on colorectal cancer (CRC) from Palestine, we examine the risk factors associated with CRC using a matched hospital-based case-control study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 105 cases and 105 controls. A multivariable conditional regression model was used to adjust for the association between study factors and CRC risk. In the model, compared with controls, cases from villages were significantly less likely to have CRC (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 0.194); taking aspirin lowered the likelihood of CRC by 24%; and having a multiple birth sibling by 33%. Also, the likelihood of CRC was lowered significantly by consuming five servings of fruits/vegetables per week or more (5-6 servings: AOR = 0.21, 7-8 servings per week: AOR = 0.04). However, cases had a significantly higher likelihood of CRC if they consumed 2-4 servings of grilled red meat per week (AOR = 4.25); smoked (AOR = 4.38); had a sedentary lifestyle (AOR = 2.53); reported parental consanguinity (AOR = 3.88); or had a family history of cancer (AOR = 6.39). Our results confirmed the association between CRC and red meat intake and smoking, and proved that parental consanguinity and family history of cancer are also risk factors for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Ghrouz
- Faculty of Public Health, Al Quds University, Abu Dis Campus, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nuha El Sharif
- Faculty of Public Health, Al Quds University, Abu Dis Campus, Jerusalem, Palestine
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18
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Makhlouf NA, Abdel-Gawad M, Mahros AM, Lashen SA, Zaghloul M, Eliwa A, Elshemy EE, Ali-Eldin Z, Abdeltawab D, El-Raey F, Omran D, Khalaf M, Fanous N, Abdelmohsen AS, Abu-Elfatth A, Abdelghani M, Farouk M, Abdelaziz M, Alboraie M. Colorectal cancer in Arab world: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1791-1798. [PMID: 34853651 PMCID: PMC8603455 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing among young individuals in the Arab world as well as in other regions of the world. AIM To explore the incidence and prevalence of CRC in the Arab world. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO and Wiley databases were searched to retrieve relevant articles irrespective of the language or the publication year. The search terms were "("colon OR rectum OR sigmoid OR rectal OR colonic OR colorectal") AND ("cancer OR malignancy OR malignant OR neoplasm") AND ("Jordan" OR "United Arab Emirates" OR "Bahrain" OR "Tunisia" OR "Algeria" OR "Djibouti" OR "Saudi Arabia" OR "Sudan" OR "Syria" OR "Somalia" OR "Iraq" OR "Oman" OR "Palestine" OR "Qatar" OR "Comoros" OR "Kuwait" OR "Lebanon" OR "Libya" OR "Egypt" OR "Morocco" OR "Mauritania" OR "Yemen"). Reviews, meta-analyses, and articles containing nonoriginal data were excluded. Retrieved articles were screened, and relevant data were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Five of the studies provided information regarding the prevalence of CRC. The prevalence of CRC was 0.72% in Saudi Arabia and 0.78% in the United Arab Emirate, while in Egypt, it ranged from 0.4% to 14%. Four studies showed information regarding the incidence. The annual incidence rate of CRC in Qatar was 7.5/100000/year. In Egypt, the crude incidence rate (CIR) in males was 3.1 for colon cancer and 1 for rectal cancer, while in females, it was 2.3 for colon cancer and 0.8 for rectal cancer. The age-standardized rate for CRC incidence in 2003 was 36.90 for males, 26.50 for females, and 30.49 for both sexes in Saudi Arabia. In 2016, the CIRs in Saudi Arabia were 3.6 and 2.1 in females for colon cancer and rectal cancer, respectively, while in males, it was 3.3 and 2.8 for colon cancer and rectal cancer, respectively. One study in Egypt revealed that 25% of CRC cases occurred among individuals younger than 40 years old. CONCLUSION There is a considerable prevalence of CRC in some Arab countries. More studies are needed to explore the incidence and prevalence of CRC in the rest of the Arab world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A Makhlouf
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71631, Egypt
| | - Aya M Mahros
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33656, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Lashen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mariam Zaghloul
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33656, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eliwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Eman E Elshemy
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Zainab Ali-Eldin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11646, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdeltawab
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Fathiya El-Raey
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34511, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Omran
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa Khalaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut Liver Center, Assiut 71511, Egypt
| | - Nancy Fanous
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Police Authority Hospital, Cairo 12654, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abu-Elfatth
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelghani
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Farouk
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaziz
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11824, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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19
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Hao YF, Qin SW, Yang L, Jiang JG, Zhu W. Marmin from the blossoms of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. exerts lipid-lowering effect via inducing 3T3-L1 preadipocyte apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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20
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Silveira EA, Santos ASEADC, Ribeiro JN, Noll M, Dos Santos Rodrigues AP, de Oliveira C. Prevalence of constipation in adults with obesity class II and III and associated factors. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:217. [PMID: 33980157 PMCID: PMC8114515 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation and obesity have common risk factors. However, little is known about the occurrence of constipation in individuals with severe obesity and the associated factors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal constipation and its associated factors in adults with obesity class II and III. METHOD This study analyzed baseline data from a randomized clinical trial with adults aged 18-64 with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, living in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Brazil. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing sociodemographic, lifestyle, level of obesity, presence of comorbidities, water intake and food consumption variables. The outcome variable was constipation assessed by the Rome III criteria and the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the association between explanatory variables and the outcome. RESULTS Among the 150 participants, the prevalence of constipation was 24.67% (95% CI: 17.69-31.64). After multiple regression analyses constipation was associated with polypharmacy (adjusted PR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.18-7.57, p = 0.021), younger age group i.e. 18-29 years (adjusted PR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.21-8.06, p = 0.019) and former smoking (adjusted PR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.28-9.14, p = 0.014). There was no statistically significant association between constipation and daily consumption of fiber-rich foods, however, the non-consumption of whole grains was borderline significant (adjusted PR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.00 to 8.49, p = 0.050). CONCLUSION A high prevalence of constipation was found in adults with obesity class II and III. Constipation was significantly associated with the simultaneous use of five or more medications, younger age group and being a former smoker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.
- Affiliate Academic, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Matias Noll
- Faculty of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
- Federal Institute Goiano, Ceres, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Frugé AD, Smith KS, Riviere AJ, Tenpenny-Chigas R, Demark-Wahnefried W, Arthur AE, Murrah WM, van der Pol WJ, Jasper SL, Morrow CD, Arnold RD, Braxton-Lloyd K. A Dietary Intervention High in Green Leafy Vegetables Reduces Oxidative DNA Damage in Adults at Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Biological Outcomes of the Randomized Controlled Meat and Three Greens (M3G) Feasibility Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041220. [PMID: 33917165 PMCID: PMC8067874 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables (GLV) may reduce the risk of red meat (RM)-induced colonic DNA damage and colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported the primary outcomes (feasibility) of a 12-week randomized controlled crossover trial in adults with habitual high RM and low GLV intake with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 (NCT03582306). Herein, our objective was to report a priori secondary outcomes. Participants were recruited and enrolled in 2018, stratified by gender, and randomized to two arms: immediate intervention group (IG, n = 26) or delayed intervention group (DG, n = 24). During the 4 week intervention period, participants were provided with frozen GLV and counseled to consume 1 cooked cup equivalent daily. Participants consumed their normal diet for the remaining 8 weeks. At each of four study visits, anthropometrics, stool, and blood were taken. Overall, plasma Vitamin K1 (0.50 ± 1.18 ng/mL, p < 0.001) increased, while circulating 8OHdG (−8.52 ± 19.05 ng/mL, p < 0.001), fecal 8OHdG (−6.78 ± 34.86 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and TNFα (−16.95 ± 60.82 pg/mL, p < 0.001) decreased during the GLV intervention compared to control periods. Alpha diversity of fecal microbiota and relative abundance of major taxa did not differ systematically across study periods. Further investigation of the effects of increased GLV intake on CRC risk is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (A.J.R.); (R.T.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +334-844-3271
| | - Kristen S. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (A.J.R.); (R.T.-C.)
| | - Aaron J. Riviere
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (A.J.R.); (R.T.-C.)
| | - Rachel Tenpenny-Chigas
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (A.J.R.); (R.T.-C.)
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Anna E. Arthur
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - William M. Murrah
- Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - William J. van der Pol
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Shanese L. Jasper
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.D.M.); (R.D.A.)
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.D.M.); (R.D.A.)
| | - Kimberly Braxton-Lloyd
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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22
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Negrichi S, Taleb S. Hereditary, environmental, and dietary risk factors of colorectal cancer: a case-control study in the Algerian East. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12372-12381. [PMID: 32767215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in Algeria. The incidence and the mortality rate of CRC have increased so that the nation now ranks third in Africa in both these variables. Many environmental and genetic factors are suspected to play an important role in the development of the disease. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for CRC in Algeria. We performed a case-control study in five Medical Oncology Services in this region: Tebessa, Batna, Annaba, Setif, and Constantine, from 2016 to 2019. Altogether, 200 patients diagnosed with CRC and 200 age-matched controls without any diagnosis of cancer were included. Study participants were interviewed about environmental, dietary, and hereditary risk factors, i.e., family history of cancer, using a questionnaire. Results showed a significant association between high educational level and a decreased risk of CRC. Diagnoses of any cancer or of CRC in first-degree or in second- or third-degree relatives also were significantly associated with CRC risk. Occupational exposures showed a significant link with an increased risk of CRC, as did obesity, alcohol consumption, and passive smoking. Yogurt, cereals, sugar, butter, and margarine consumption were significant protective factors, while cheese, dried fruits, red meat, juice, and fizzy drink consumption was associated with increased risk. Our findings suggest a benefit of public health campaigns to enhance awareness about CRC and to encourage healthy dietary choices and avoidance of non-dietary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Negrichi
- Department of Living Beings Biology; Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria.
- Water and Environment Laboratory, Tebessa, Algeria.
| | - Salima Taleb
- Water and Environment Laboratory, Tebessa, Algeria
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology (LNTA), University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
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23
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Abdelnaby HB, Abuhussein AA, Fouad AM, Alhashash WA, Aldousari AS, Abdelaleem AM, Edelhamre M, Shahin MH, Faisal M. Histopathological and epidemiological findings of colonoscopy screening in a population with an average risk of colorectal cancer in Kuwait. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:158-165. [PMID: 33642352 PMCID: PMC8265403 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_463_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men worldwide, with a significantly rising incidence in the Middle East region over the last few decades. This study investigates the histopathological and epidemiological characteristics of colonoscopic findings in a population with an average risk of CRC in Kuwait. METHODS In this study, 1,005 asymptomatic average-risk Kuwaiti adults aged over 40 years had their first colonoscopy screening during the 2015-2018 period. Data on lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity), body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities were routinely collected from these individuals. All colorectal polyps or masses were assessed for their site, size, and number and then resected and sent for histopathological examination. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 54 years, and 52.2% were women. In screened individuals, the polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, and carcinoma detection rate were 43.8%, 27.7%, and 1.2%, respectively. Tubular, tubulovillous, and villous types of adenoma constituted 17.3%, 2.8%, and 1.3% of all screened participants. Neoplastic lesions, particularly in the proximal colon, were more common among men aged 40-49 years. Age of 70 years and older (OR: 9.6; 95% CI: 4.7-19.9; P < 0.001), male gender (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3; P = 0.011), increased BMI (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08; P = 0.001), and smoking (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.3-5.4; P < 0.001) were the most significant independent risk factors for colorectal neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS The high adenoma detection rate (ADR) in Kuwaiti population calls for the establishment of a national programe for CRC screening. The higher ADR in those younger than 50 years calls for assessment of the threshold age at which to start screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan B. Abdelnaby
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait,Address for correspondence: Dr. Hassan B. Abdelnaby, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box (5) – 13001, Safat, Kuwait. E-mail:
| | - Ali A. Abuhussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed M. Fouad
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Enivronmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A. Alhashash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldousari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelaleem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marcus Edelhamre
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Maha H. Shahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Faisal
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden,Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Hoque R, Strotheide E, Saquib J, Saquib N. Assessment of nationally representative dietary studies in the Gulf Cooperation Council: a scoping review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10163. [PMID: 33194399 PMCID: PMC7602680 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is at a record high in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and is expected to continue increasing. Diet is a major contributor to this disease, but there is inadequate nationally representative dietary research from these countries. The aim was to quantify the number dietary studies using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) that have been conducted in individual GCC countries and to assess the quality of eligible studies. Methodology Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and DOAJ) were searched for keywords; records were screened for eligible studies and data were abstracted on study characteristics (publication year, geographical locations, sample size, units of measurement, number of foods examined, number of Arab foods and key findings). Quality was assessed using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cross-sectional studies. Results Only seven studies were eligible from four of six GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar). All eligible studies used FFQs, but only 29% used a validated questionnaire, one being in Arabic, and none of the studies used any additional tools to measure diet. Fifty-seven percent of studies made an effort to include local foods. The majority of studies (71%) either measured frequency or quantity of food consumed, but only 29% attempted to account for both frequency and quantity. Conclusions The quality of studies varied and major weaknesses of FFQ validity and adaptability have been highlighted. More dietary investigations are needed using validated FFQs that have been adapted to the local GCC diets. Using reference tools will allow for better dietary estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshana Hoque
- Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Strotheide
- Research Unit, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliann Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Establish a Scoring Model for High-Risk Population of Gastric Cancer and Study on the Pattern of Opportunistic Screening. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5609623. [PMID: 33061960 PMCID: PMC7545415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5609623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate and study the related risk factors of gastric cancer (GC) patients, to establish a high-risk scoring model of GC by multiple logistic regression analysis, and to explore the establishment of a GC screening mode with clinical opportunistic screening as the main method, and by using the pattern of opportunistic screening to establish the screening of high-risk GC patients and the choice of screening methods in the clinical outpatient work. Methods Collected the epidemiological questionnaire of 99 GC cases and 284 non-GC patients (other chronic gastric diseases and normal) diagnosed by the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2017 to March 2019. Serum pepsinogen (PG) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in gastric mucosa tissues by Giemsa staining. Determined the high-risk factors and established a scoring model through unconditional logistic regression model analysis, and the ROC curve determined the cut-off value. Then, we followed up 26 patients of nongastric cancer patients constituted a validation group, which validated the model. Results The high-risk factors of GC included age ≥ 55, male, drinking cellar or well water, family history of GC, Hp infection, PGI ≤ 43.6 μg/L, and PGI/PGII ≤ 2.1. Established the high-risk model: Y = A × age + 30 × gender + 30 × drinking water + 30 × Hp infection + 50 × family history of GC + B × PG level. The ROC curve determined that the cut-off value for high-risk GC population was ≥155, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.875, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.9% and 71.5%. Conclusions According to the risk factors of GC, using statistical methods can establish a high-risk scoring model of GC, and the score ≥ 155 is divided into the screening cut-off value for high-risk GC population. Using this model for clinical outpatient GC screening is cost-effective and has high sensitivity and specificity.
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26
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Schaberg MN, Smith KS, Greene MW, Frugé AD. Characterizing Demographic and Geographical Differences in Health Beliefs and Dietary Habits Related to Colon Cancer Risk in US Adults. Front Nutr 2020; 7:568643. [PMID: 33117842 PMCID: PMC7577229 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.568643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colon cancer (CC) risk is increased by behavioral factors including a diet high in red meat (RM) and processed meat; excess adiposity has contributed to a rise in CC in younger adults. The willingness of at-risk adults to modify behaviors to reduce CC risk warrants further investigation. Methods: The previously validated Dietary Habits and Colon Cancer Beliefs Survey (DHCCBS) was used to assess attitudes and beliefs related to CC risk and diet behavior. An abbreviated food frequency questionnaire was included in the survey to quantify RM and green leafy vegetable (GLV) intake over the previous 30 days. Independent samples t-tests compared RM and GLV intake and DHCCBS responses. One-way analysis of variance with post-hoc LSD correction was completed to assess these differences within three age groups (<35, 35–44, and 45–54 years old) and between U.S. Census Bureau geographical regions. Results: Eight hundred and thirty eight survey responses were analyzed. Perceived severity of CC diagnosis was significantly lower in younger adults (<35) compared to older adults (35–44, p = 0.042; 45–54, p = 0.003). Furthermore, younger adults (<35) perceived fewer barriers (i.e., taste preference) to GLV consumption than their older adult counterparts (35–44, p = 0.019; 45–54, p = 0.002). Few regional differences in habitual RM consumption were observed, however, several disparities were observed with GLV. Conclusion: These findings from the DHCCBS indicate health beliefs toward CC risk are influenced by an individual's age and dietary habits. Additionally, regional differences in GLV consumption indicate opportunities for risk-reduction-focused health messages, particularly in the southern United States where CC incidence and mortality are highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Schaberg
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kristen S Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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27
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Alegria-Lertxundi I, Aguirre C, Bujanda L, Fernández FJ, Polo F, Ordovás JM, Etxezarraga MC, Zabalza I, Larzabal M, Portillo I, M. de Pancorbo M, Palencia-Madrid L, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Rocandio AM, Arroyo-Izaga M. Gene-Diet Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: Survey Design, Instruments, Participants and Descriptive Data of a Case-Control Study in the Basque Country. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2362. [PMID: 32784647 PMCID: PMC7468855 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of gene-diet interaction in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to analyze them in a sample of cases and controls from the population-based bowel cancer screening program of the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service. This study analyzed dietetic, genetic, demographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyles. In the present manuscript, the survey design, sampling, instruments, measurements and related quality management were presented. Moreover, we analyze differences between cases and controls in some data, especially those related to diet. The participants were 308 cases and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have overweight/obesity (67.5% vs. 58.1%, p < 0.05), a lower intake of vitamin B2 (0.86 ± 0.23 vs. 0.92 ± 0.23 mg/1000 kcal, p < 0.01) and calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.62 ± 0.12 vs. 0.65 ± 0.13, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of cases than controls did not meet the Nutritional Objectives for saturated fatty acids (85.7% vs. 67.5%, p < 0.001) or cholesterol (35.4% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present study provides valuable data for analyzing the complexity of gene-diet interaction in relation to CRC. The results presented here suggest that overweight/obesity and a high intake of certain dietary components, especially saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, are more frequent in cases than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alegria-Lertxundi
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.A.-L.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Carmelo Aguirre
- Pharmacovigilance Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Donostia University Hospital/Biodonostia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Francisco Polo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Institute IMDEA Food, Institutos Madrileños de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Etxezarraga
- Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;
- Department of Physician and Surgeon Specialities, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Zabalza
- Department of Pathology, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Mikel Larzabal
- Department of Pathology, Donostia Hospital/Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Isabel Portillo
- Central Coordinating Center of the Bowel Cancer Screening Program, Healthcare subdirectorate, Osakidetza, 48011 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Marian M. de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.M.d.P.); (L.P.-M.)
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.M.d.P.); (L.P.-M.)
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Gastrointestional genetics group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Rocandio
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.A.-L.); (A.M.R.)
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.M.d.P.); (L.P.-M.)
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.A.-L.); (A.M.R.)
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Han X, Jiang X, Guo L, Wang Y, Veeraraghavan VP, Krishna Mohan S, Wang Z, Cao D. Anticarcinogenic potential of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Trichosanthes kirilowii in colon cancer cells through the induction of apoptotic pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3577-3584. [PMID: 31456423 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1626412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is the most excellent anticancer theranostic nanoparticles synthesized through efficient, simple and green synthesis method using extracts of Trichosanthes kirilowii, extensively characterized by UV-spectroscopy, FT-IR and TEM techniques. The AuNPs, synthesized by means of T. kirilowii extracts identified that nanoparticles were ∼50 nm in size, which is an admirable nano dimension attained by green synthesis. In agreement with the outcome of microscopic cellular morphological observations, MTT assay showed effective, selective, anticarcinogenic effect of AuNPs on HCT-116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The AuNPs significantly enhance ROS generation, cause mitochondrial membrane damage and induce morphological changes using AO/EtBr staining assay. Furthermore, AuNPs treatment induces G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest in HCT-116 cells. Also, AuNPs treatment activates caspase expression and downregulates the anti-apoptotic expression in HCT-116 cells. Our results point out that the phytoconsituents isolated from T. kirilowii can act as appropriate reducing and stabilizing agents in the properties of AuNPs; hereby, it leads to the green synthesis of an anti-carcinogenic agent with highly efficient potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou People's Hospital , Cangzhou , Hebei , China
| | - Xiaojia Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou People's Hospital , Cangzhou , Hebei , China
| | - Lanjie Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou People's Hospital , Cangzhou , Hebei , China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou People's Hospital , Cangzhou , Hebei , China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,Saveetha University , Chennai , India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry,College of Applied Medical Sciences - Jubail (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Jubail Industrial City , Al Jubail , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou People's Hospital , Cangzhou , Hebei , China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Cangzhou People's Hospital , Cangzhou , Hebei , China
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Akhtar S, Al-Abkal J, Al-Shammari A. Childhood leukaemia incidence and trends in a Middle Eastern country during 1980-2014: a population-based study. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:231-240. [PMID: 31960178 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective cohort study examines the trends in childhood leukaemia age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (per million person-years) using cases which were diagnosed at age 0-19 years from 1980 to 2014 and recorded in the Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC) registry. METHODS Childhood leukaemia age-specific incidence rates overall and by sub-cohorts defined by age (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 years), sex (male, female) and nationality (Kuwaiti, non-Kuwaiti) were computed and age-standardized. Joinpoint regression models were used to evaluate trends in childhood leukaemia ASIRs. Average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to interpret the observed trends. RESULTS During the study period, 1077 childhood leukaemia cases of 32.3 million person-years were diagnosed. From 1980 to 2014, the average annual childhood leukaemia ASIR was 53.1 (95% CI 20.9, 85.2). Overall childhood leukaemia ASIRs significantly decreased on average by 6.8% per year (AAPC = -6.8; 95% CI -12.1, -1.1; p = 0.02) from 1980 to 1993, but a marginally significant increase in ASIRs from 1993 to 2014 was recorded (AAPC = 2.5; 95% CI -0.5, 5.5; p = 0.10). During the entire period, childhood leukaemia ASIRs trends significantly (p < 0.05) increased among 6 of 16 sub-cohorts, which was more pronounced among females and 10-14-year-old children. CONCLUSIONS Overall, ASIRs significantly increased from 1993 to 2014, which specifically seems to be driven by an increase in ASIRs among females and 10-14 -year-old children. These increasing trends underscore the potential involvement of a range of exposures. Future studies on unravelling such factors may help develop preventive measures to minimize childhood leukaemia risk in this and similar settings in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait, PO Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Jarrah Al-Abkal
- Department of Surgery, Farwaniya Hospital, PO Box 33978, 7346, Al Rawdha, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Shammari
- Department of Surgery, Al-Adan Hospital, PO Box 288, 44403, Sabah Al Salem, Kuwait
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Intake of red and processed meat on the incidence of cancer: Are the risks really relevant? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yang Z, Ji G. Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:975-982. [PMID: 31423156 PMCID: PMC6607099 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important threat to human health and the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that the composition of the intestinal flora is associated with the occurrence of CRC. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), one of the highly enriched bacteria in CRC tissues, invades the mucosa with adhesion factors and virulence proteins, interacts with the host immune system and promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and chemoresistance. Fn infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma, although the infection rate varies in different regions. Fn may be used as a prognostic indicator of CRC. It is important to understand the multi-pathway carcinogenic mechanisms associated with CRC in order to develop novel antibacterial drugs against Fn. The current review summarizes the role of Fn and relevant research concerning CRC published in recent years, focusing on Fn infection in CRC, pathogenesis of Fn, Fn-positive CRC treatment, screening and prevention strategies against Fn-positive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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