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Qin W, Chen Y, Sooranna SR, Zeng D, Xie T, Meng Q, Lan D. Osteocalcin: A potential marker to identify and monitor girls with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty. J Paediatr Child Health 2024. [PMID: 39214861 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the suitability of serum osteocalcin (OC) as a marker to distinguish between rapidly and non-rapidly progressive central precocious puberty (RP-CPP and NRP-CPP), as well as its potential to assess growth rates following treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa). METHODS Serum levels of OC were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in girls diagnosed with either RP-CPP or NRP-CPP as well as in normal control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value for OC. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the main influencing factors associated with OC. RESULTS Serum OC levels were higher in the CPP girls when compared to normal controls (110.76 ± 43.69 vs 55.97 ± 20.96 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The level in the RP-CPP group was higher than the NRP-CPP group (153.28 ± 33.89 vs 88.33 ± 29.26 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The cut-off value of OC levels for distinguishing between RP-CPP and NRP-CPP was 107.05 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 94.7% and the specificity was 77.8%, which was superior to using the basal luteinising hormone (B-LH) levels, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.933 versus 0.695, respectively. Following 1-2 years of treatment with GnRHa for girls with CPP, both OC levels and the growth rates decreased to pre-pubertal values. B-LH levels, bone age and body weight were also significant factors, which affected OC levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum OC levels may be a useful marker for distinguishing RP-CPP from NRP-CPP. In addition, it was also found to be a useful predictor for growth rate during GnRHa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Patel B, Koysombat K, Mills EG, Tsoutsouki J, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Dhillo WS. The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:30-68. [PMID: 37467734 PMCID: PMC10765167 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) and neurokinin B (NKB) are neuropeptides that govern the reproductive endocrine axis through regulating hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal activity and pulsatile GnRH secretion. Their critical role in reproductive health was first identified after inactivating variants in genes encoding for KP or NKB signaling were shown to result in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and a failure of pubertal development. Over the past 2 decades since their discovery, a wealth of evidence from both basic and translational research has laid the foundation for potential therapeutic applications. Beyond KP's function in the hypothalamus, it is also expressed in the placenta, liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, bone, and limbic regions, giving rise to several avenues of research for use in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy, metabolic, liver, bone, and behavioral disorders. The role played by NKB in stimulating the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to mediate menopausal hot flashes has led to the development of medications that antagonize its action as a novel nonsteroidal therapeutic agent for this indication. Furthermore, the ability of NKB antagonism to partially suppress (but not abolish) the reproductive endocrine axis has supported its potential use for the treatment of various reproductive disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. This review will provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the preclinical and clinical data that have paved the way for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of KP and NKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Patel
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kanyada Koysombat
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jovanna Tsoutsouki
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
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3
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Ruggiero C, Baroni M, Xenos D, Parretti L, Macchione IG, Bubba V, Laudisio A, Pedone C, Ferracci M, Magierski R, Boccardi V, Antonelli-Incalzi R, Mecocci P. Dementia, osteoporosis and fragility fractures: Intricate epidemiological relationships, plausible biological connections, and twisted clinical practices. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102130. [PMID: 38030092 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Dementia, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures are chronic diseases, often co-existing in older adults. These conditions pose severe morbidity, long-term disability, and mortality, with relevant socioeconomic implications. While in the research arena, the discussion remains on whether dementia is the cause or the consequence of fragility fractures, healthcare professionals need a better understanding of the interplay between such conditions from epidemiological and physiological standpoints. With this review, we summarized the available literature surrounding the relationship between cognitive impairment, dementia, and both low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fractures. Given the strength of the bi-directional associations and their impact on the quality of life, we shed light on the biological connections between brain and bone systems, presenting the main mediators, including gut microbioma, and pathological pathways leading to the dysregulation of bone and brain metabolism. Ultimately, we synthesized the evidence about the impact of available pharmacological treatments for the prevention of fragility fractures on cognitive functions and individuals' outcomes when dementia coexists. Vice versa, the effects of symptomatic treatments for dementia on the risk of falls and fragility fractures are explored. Combining evidence alongside clinical practice, we discuss challenges and opportunities related to the management of older adults affected by cognitive impairment or dementia and at high risk for fragility fracture prevention, which leads to not only an improvement in patient health-related outcomes and survival but also a reduction in healthcare cost and socio-economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruggiero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Baroni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - D Xenos
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - L Parretti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - I G Macchione
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bubba
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - A Laudisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Pedone
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ferracci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - R Magierski
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - V Boccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - R Antonelli-Incalzi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mecocci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
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Niwczyk O, Grymowicz M, Szczęsnowicz A, Hajbos M, Kostrzak A, Budzik M, Maciejewska-Jeske M, Bala G, Smolarczyk R, Męczekalski B. Bones and Hormones: Interaction between Hormones of the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adipose Tissue and Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076840. [PMID: 37047811 PMCID: PMC10094866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bony skeleton, as a structural foundation for the human body, is essential in providing mechanical function and movement. The human skeleton is a highly specialized and dynamic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling as it adapts to the demands of its environment. Advances in research over the last decade have shone light on the various hormones that influence this process, modulating the metabolism and structural integrity of bone. More recently, novel and non-traditional functions of hypothalamic, pituitary, and adipose hormones and their effects on bone homeostasis have been proposed. This review highlights recent work on physiological bone remodeling and discusses our knowledge, as it currently stands, on the systemic interplay of factors regulating this interaction. In this review, we provide a summary of the literature on the relationship between bone physiology and hormones including kisspeptin, neuropeptide Y, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), leptin, and adiponectin. The discovery and understanding of this new functionality unveils an entirely new layer of physiologic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Niwczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Grymowicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczęsnowicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Hajbos
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kostrzak
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Budzik
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Maciejewska-Jeske
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Gregory Bala
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Męczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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Hassan M, Yasir M, Shahzadi S, Kloczkowski A. Exploration of Potential Ewing Sarcoma Drugs from FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals through Computational Drug Repositioning, Pharmacogenomics, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulation Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19243-19260. [PMID: 35721972 PMCID: PMC9202290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel drug development is a time-consuming process with relatively high debilitating costs. To overcome this problem, computational drug repositioning approaches are being used to predict the possible therapeutic scaffolds against different diseases. In the current study, computational drug repositioning approaches were employed to fetch the promising drugs from the pool of FDA-approved drugs against Ewing sarcoma. The binding interaction patterns and conformational behaviors of screened drugs within the active region of Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) were confirmed through molecular docking profiles. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics analysis was employed to check the possible associations of selected drugs with Ewing sarcoma genes. Moreover, the stability behavior of selected docked complexes (drugs-EWS) was checked by molecular dynamics simulations. Taken together, astemizole, sulfinpyrazone, and pranlukast exhibited a result comparable to pazopanib and can be used as a possible therapeutic agent in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- The
Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
- ,
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- Institute
of Molecular Sciences and Bioinformatics (IMSB), Nisbet Road, Lahore 52254, Pakistan
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The
Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
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6
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Mills EG, Yang L, Nielsen MF, Kassem M, Dhillo WS, Comninos AN. The Relationship Between Bone and Reproductive Hormones Beyond Estrogens and Androgens. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:691-719. [PMID: 33901271 PMCID: PMC8599211 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive hormones play a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton. Indeed, the biological significance for this hormonal regulation of skeletal homeostasis is best illustrated by common clinical reproductive disorders, such as primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic amenorrhea, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and early menopause, which contribute to the clinical burden of low bone mineral density and increased risk for fragility fracture. Emerging evidence relating to traditional reproductive hormones and the recent discovery of newer reproductive neuropeptides and hormones has deepened our understanding of the interaction between bone and the reproductive system. In this review, we provide a contemporary summary of the literature examining the relationship between bone biology and reproductive signals that extend beyond estrogens and androgens, and include kisspeptin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, inhibin, activin, and relaxin. A comprehensive and up-to-date review of the recent basic and clinical research advances is essential given the prevalence of clinical reproductive disorders, the emerging roles of upstream reproductive hormones in bone physiology, as well as the urgent need to develop novel safe and effective therapies for bone fragility in a rapidly aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G Mills
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Morten F Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense & institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense & institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Lun YZ, Sun J, Liu B, Dong W, Pan LH, Lin J, Zhang JX. The Inhibitory Effects of Recombinant Hespintor Combined with Sorafenib on Transplanted Human Hepatoma in Nude Mice, and Transcriptional Regulation of Hespintor Based on RNA-Seq. J Cancer 2021; 12:343-357. [PMID: 33391431 PMCID: PMC7738984 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As targeted drugs, exogenous serpins could be introduced to patients to restore body balance. This study aimed to observe further the inhibitory effects of recombinant Hespintor (a Kazal-type serpin) combined with Sorafenib on transplanted human hepatoma tumors in nude mice specimens and to explore the possible transcriptional regulation by Hespintor. Methods: A model of human hepatoma tumors transplanted in nude mice was established, and the medication was administrated to observe the growth of the tumors. Four weeks after the drug administration, the tumors were removed to evaluate the inhibition effects of Hespintor on in-situ tumor growth and liver metastasis. The expression levels of MMP2, MMP9, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the tumor organizations were detected with Western blot. The target genes of the Hespintor were screened based on tissue RNA-Seq, and the regulatory network was constructed. Results: It was found that the recombinant Hespintor displayed a significant antitumor effect on the subcutaneous growth of MHCC97-H cells. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of the combination therapy were significantly better than those of single therapy. 10 target genes with significantly different expression by Hespintoron tumor tissue were identified. Finally, a visual regulatory networkwas constructed for target mRNA-pathway. Conclusions: The antitumor effect of Hespintor combined with Sorafenib in treating the subcutaneously implanted hepatocellular carcinoma tumors in nude mice was significant. The possible transcriptional regulation by Hespintor involved multiple signaling pathways, and it was not just the antitumor effect of uPA via its extracellular inhibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Lun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Wen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Ling-Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
| | - Jing-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology, Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
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Characterization of D-17 Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Line and Evaluation of Its Ability to Response to Infective Stressor Used as Alternative Anticancer Therapy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111981. [PMID: 33126659 PMCID: PMC7693922 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor both in dogs and in humans. Canine and human OSA share common characteristics making dogs a good model in comparative oncology. In the last years, in order to reduce animal testing, researchers shifted their attention to in vitro studies using cell lines. Aim of this work is to understand if cells obtained from canine metastatic pulmonary OSA can be a good model for cancer studies, both in humans and dogs. Results of this study were obtained by: the characterization of the expression of genes involved in the innate immune response, the sequencing of a single gene with a key role in immune response and the evaluation of the capacity of these cells to interact with microorganisms that can be used as alternative anticancer therapies. Obtained data were in agreement with those reported in literature regarding the expression of genes both in spontaneous tumors and in vitro cell lines. So, they confirmed the maintenance of cell line D-17 of the pulmonary metastatic OSA characteristics. The selected cells also demonstrated the ability to interact with the microorganism, this suggests that they may be a possible model for the preliminary evaluation of new therapeutic approaches based on the use of bacteria. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a rare cancer both in human and dog although the incidence rate in dogs is 27 times higher than in human. Many studies employed D-17 as cell line for in vitro test to evaluate conventional anticancer therapies; however, little is known about D-17 cell line. The aim of our study was to evaluate the basal level of gene expression of pivotal molecules in the innate immune response and cell cycle regulation and to establish the ability of this cell line to react to Salmonella typhimurium (ST) infective stressor. IL15, IL10, iNOS, TLR5, CD14, PTEN and IL18 were expressed in an inconsistent manner among experiments. The other genes under study were expressed in all samples. ST showed ability to penetrate D-17 causing pro-inflammatory response. Our results outline the expression in D-17 of important genes involved in innate immune response. These results provide important data on D-17 basal gene expression profile useful for in vitro preliminary evaluation of new therapeutic approaches.
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