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Chang N, Wei Wei, Wang S, Hou S, Sui Y, Taoyang, He J, Ren Y, Chen G, Bu C. The metabolomics analysis of cecal contents elucidates significant metabolites involved in the therapeutic effects of total flavonoids derived from Sonchus arvensis L. in male C57BL/6 mice with ulcerative colitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32790. [PMID: 39005925 PMCID: PMC11239596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory disease affecting the colon and rectal mucosa, is characterized by chronic and heterogeneous behavior of unknown origin. The primary cause of UC is chronic inflammation, which is closely linked to the development of colorectal cancer. Sonchus arvensis L. (SAL), a plant consumed worldwide for its nutritional and medicinal properties, holds significance in this context. In this study, we employed the total flavone in SAL as a treatment for male C57BL/6 mice with UC. The cecal contents metabolic profile of C57BL/6 mice in different groups, including UC (group ML; n = 5), UC treated with aspirin (group AN; n = 5), UC treated with the total flavone in SAL (group FE; n = 5), and healthy male C57BL/6 mice (group CL; n = 5), was examined using UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS. Through the identification of variations in key metabolites associated with UC and the exploration of their underlying biological mechanisms, our understanding of the pathological processes underlying this condition has been enhanced. This study identified a total of seventy-three metabolites that have a significant impact on UC. Notably, the composition of total flavone in SAL, a medication used for UC treatment, differs from that of aspirin due to the presence of four distinct metabolites (13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), (20R,22R)-20,22-dihydroxycholesterol, and PS (18:1(9Z)/0:0)). These metabolites possess unique characteristics that set them apart. Moreover, the study identified a total of eleven pathways that were significantly enriched in mice with UC, including Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, Linoleic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, Lysine degradation, VEGF signaling pathway, Melanogenesis, Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, and Cocaine addiction. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic variations in UC following total flavonoids of SAL therapy and provide valuable insights for the treatment of UC.Keywords: Ulcerative colitis; Total flavonoids of Sonchus arvensis L.; Key metabolites; Metabonomics; Cecal contents of male C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wei
- Daqing Oilfield Genaral Hospital, Daqing, 163319, China
| | | | | | - Yilei Sui
- Harbin Medical University 163319, China
| | - Taoyang
- Harbin Medical University 163319, China
| | - Jing He
- Harbin Medical University 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University 163319, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | | | - Chunlei Bu
- Harbin Medical University 163319, China
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
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Gao M, Liu W, Li T, Song Z, Wang X, Zhang X. Identifying Genetic Signatures Associated with Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress in Osteosarcoma and Screening for Potential Targeted Drugs. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1690-1715. [PMID: 37672187 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. Due to the lack of selectivity and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, coupled with the use of large doses, chemotherapy drugs often have systemic toxicity. The use of modern sequencing technology to screen tumor markers in a large number of tumor samples is a common method for screening highly specific and selective anti-tumor drugs. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers using the latest reported gene expression signatures of oncogene-induced replication stress (ORS) in aggressive cancers, and potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs were screened in different drug databases. In this study, we obtained 89 osteosarcoma-related samples in the TARGET database, all of which included survival information. According to the median expression of each of six reported ORS gene markers (NAT10/DDX27/ZNF48/C8ORF33/MOCS3/MPP6), we divided 89 osteosarcoma gene expression datasets into a high expression group and a low expression group and then performed a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. The coexisting genes of 6 groups of DEGs were used as replication stress-related genes (RSGs) of osteosarcoma. Then, key RSGs were screened using LASSO regression, a Cox risk proportional regression prognostic model and a tenfold cross-validation test. GSE21257 datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to verify the prognostic model. The final key RSGs selected were used in the L1000PWD and DGIdb databases to mine potential drugs. After further validation by the prognostic model, we identified seven genes associated with ORS in osteosarcoma as key RSGs, including transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), solute carrier family 27 member 4 (SLC27A4), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), nucleolar protein 6 (NOL6), coiled-coil-coil-coil-coil-helix domain containing 4 (CHCHD4), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B), and synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1 (SCO1). Then, we screened the seven key RSGs in two drug databases and found six potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs (D GIdb database: repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and hydrochlorothiazide; L1000PWD database: the small molecule VU-0365117-1). Seven RSGs (TCF7L2, SLC27A4, PCSK5, NOL6, CHCHD4, EIF3B, and SCO1) may be associated with the ORS gene signatures in osteosarcoma. Repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, hydrochlorothiazide and the small molecule VU-0365117-1 are potential therapeutic drugs for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - ZeLong Song
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - XiangYu Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - XueSong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Wang Y, Lei F, Lin Y, Han Y, Yang L, Tan H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17931. [PMID: 37700501 PMCID: PMC10902584 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. There are three subtypes of PPARs, including PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ. They are expressed in different tissues and act by regulating the expression of target genes in the form of binding to ligands. Various subtypes of PPAR have been shown to have significant roles in a wide range of biological processes including lipid metabolism, body energy homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, bone formation, tissue repair and remodelling. Recent studies have found that PPARs are closely related to tumours. They are involved in cancer cell growth, angiogenesis and tumour immune response, and are essential components in tumour progression and metastasis. As such, they have become a target for cancer therapy research. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge on the involvement of PPARs in cancer, including their role in tumourigenesis, the impact of PPARs in tumour microenvironment and the potential of using PPARs combinational therapy to treat cancer by targeting essential signal pathways, or as adjuvants to boost the effects of current chemo and immunotherapies. Our review highlights the complexity of PPARs in cancer and the need for a better understanding of the mechanism in order to design effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineMontefiore Medical Center, Wakefield CampusBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Feifei Lei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuru Han
- Qinghai Provincial People's HospitalXiningChina
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
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Yang H, Rothenberger E, Zhao T, Fan W, Kelly A, Attaya A, Fan D, Panigrahy D, Deng J. Regulation of inflammation in cancer by dietary eicosanoids. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108455. [PMID: 37257760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major burden of disease worldwide and increasing evidence shows that inflammation contributes to cancer development and progression. Eicosanoids are derived from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA), and are mainly produced by a series of enzymatic pathways that include cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase (CYP). Eicosanoids consist of at least several hundred individual molecules and play important roles in the inflammatory response and inflammation-related cancers. SCOPE AND APPROACH Dietary sources of AA and biosynthesis of eicosanoids from AA through different metabolic pathways are summarized. The bioactivities of eicosanoids and their potential molecular mechanisms on inflammation and cancer are revealed. Additionally, current challenges and limitations in eicosanoid research on inflammation-related cancer are discussed. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Dietary AA generates a large variety of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, leukotrienes, cysteinyl leukotrienes, lipoxins, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Eicosanoids exert different bioactivities and mechanisms involved in the inflammation and related cancer developments. A deeper understanding of eicosanoid biology may be advantageous in cancer treatment and help to define cellular targets for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Eva Rothenberger
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wendong Fan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Abigail Kelly
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ahmed Attaya
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Qian Z, Chen L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. The emerging role of PPAR-alpha in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114420. [PMID: 36812713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been confirmed to have lipid disorders in the tumour microenvironment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. PPARα regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid homeostasis and is a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Because of its effects on lipid metabolism, an increasing number of studies have investigated the relationship of PPARα with breast cancer. PPARα has been shown to impact the cell cycle and apoptosis in normal cells and tumoral cells through regulating genes of the lipogenic pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid activation, and uptake of exogenous fatty acids. Besides, PPARα is involved in the regulation of the tumour microenvironment (anti-inflammation and inhibition of angiogenesis) by modulating different signal pathways such as NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Some synthetic PPARα ligands are used in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. PPARα agonists are reported to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. In addition, PPARα agonists enhance the curative effects of targeted therapy and radiation therapy. Interestingly, with the emerging role of immunotherapy, attention has been focused on the tumour microenvironment. The dual functions of PPARα agonists in immunotherapy need further research. This review aims to consolidate the operations of PPARα in lipid-related and other ways, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPARα agonists in tackling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Qian
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China; Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Pharmacological Utility of PPAR Modulation for Angiogenesis in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032345. [PMID: 36768666 PMCID: PMC9916802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and are also supposed to reduce inflammation and atherosclerosis. All PPARs are involved in angiogenesis, a process critically involved in cardiovascular pathology. Synthetic specific agonists exist for all PPARs. PPARα agonists (fibrates) are used to treat dyslipidemia by decreasing triglyceride and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity. PPARα/γ (dual) agonists are supposed to treat both pathological conditions at once. In contrast, PPARβ/δ agonists are not in clinical use. Although activators of PPARs were initially considered to have favorable effects on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, their cardiovascular safety is controversial. Here, we discuss the implications of PPARs in vascular biology regarding cardiac pathology and focus on the outcomes of clinical studies evaluating their benefits in cardiovascular diseases.
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The Effect of Citrus aurantium on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Research Based on Network and Experimental Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6407588. [PMID: 36726839 PMCID: PMC9886468 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6407588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To screen the main active components of Citrus aurantium through a network pharmacology approach, construct a component-disease target network, explore its molecular mechanism for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and validate it experimentally. Methods The active ingredients in Citrus aurantium and the targets of Citrus aurantium and NSCLC were collected through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), GeneCards, and OMIM databases. The protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and the component-disease relationship network graph was analyzed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The Metascape database can be used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was applied for overall survival analysis of key targets of Citrus aurantium in the treatment of NSCLC. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of key targets of Citrus aurantium for the treatment of NSCLC. Results Five active ingredients of Citrus aurantium were screened, and 54 potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC were found, of which the key ingredient was nobiletin and the key targets are TP53, CXCL8, ESR1, PPAR-α, and MMP9. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanism of nobiletin in treating NSCLC may be related to the regulation of cancer signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway, and neurodegenerative signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that nobiletin could inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cells and upregulate the levels of P53 and PPAR-α and suppress the expression of MMP9 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Citrus aurantium can participate in the treatment of NSCLC through multiple targets and pathways.
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Brough D, Amos H, Turley K, Murkin J. Trends in Subcutaneous Tumour Height and Impact on Measurement Accuracy. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231165181. [PMID: 37113645 PMCID: PMC10126793 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour volume is typically calculated using only length and width measurements, using width as a proxy for height in a 1:1 ratio. When tracking tumour growth over time, important morphological information and measurement accuracy is lost by ignoring height, which we show is a unique variable. Lengths, widths, and heights of 9522 subcutaneous tumours in mice were measured using 3D and thermal imaging. The average height:width ratio was found to be 1:3 proving that using width as a proxy for height overestimates tumour volume. Comparing volumes calculated with and without tumour height to the true volumes of excised tumours indeed showed that using the volume formula including height produced volumes 36X more accurate (based off of percentage difference). Monitoring the height:width relationship (prominence) across tumour growth curves indicated that prominence varied, and that height could change independent of width. Twelve cell lines were investigated individually; the scale of tumour prominence was cell line-dependent with relatively less prominent tumours (MC38, BL2, LL/2) and more prominent tumours (RENCA, HCT116) detected. Prominence trends across the growth cycle were also dependent on cell line; prominence was correlated with tumour growth in some cell lines (4T1, CT26, LNCaP), but not others (MC38, TC-1, LL/2). When pooled, invasive cell lines produced tumours that were significantly less prominent at volumes >1200 mm3 compared to non-invasive cell lines (P < .001). Modelling was used to show the impact of the increased accuracy gained by including height in volume calculations on several efficacy study outcomes. Variations in measurement accuracy contribute to experimental variation and irreproducibility of data, therefore we strongly advise researchers to measure height to improve accuracy in tumour studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brough
- Daniel Brough, BioVolume Ltd, Witney Business & Innovation Centre, Windrush Industrial Park, Burford Road, Witney OX29 7DX, UK.
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Wang R, Zhao J, Jin J, Tian Y, Lan L, Wang X, Zhu L, Wang J. WY-14643 attenuates lipid deposition via activation of the PPARα/CPT1A axis by targeting Gly335 to inhibit cell proliferation and migration in ccRCC. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:121. [DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Histologically, cytoplasmic deposits of lipids and glycogen are common in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Owing to the significance of lipid deposition in ccRCC, numerous trials targeting lipid metabolism have shown certain therapeutic potential. The agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) via ligands, including WY-14,643, has been considered a promising intervention for cancers.
Methods
First, the effects of WY-14,643 on malignant behaviors were investigated in ccRCC in vitro. After RNA sequencing, the changes in lipid metabolism, especially neutral lipids and glycerol, were further evaluated. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were revealed.
Results
Phenotypically, the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells treated with WY-14,643 were significantly inhibited in vitro. A theoretical functional mechanism was proposed in ccRCC: WY-14,643 mediates lipid consumption by recognizing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A (CPT1A). Activation of PPARα using WY-14,643 reduces lipid deposition by increasing the CPT1A level, which also suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway. Spatially, WY-14,643 binds and activates PPARα by targeting Gly335.
Conclusion
Overall, WY-14,643 suppresses the biological behaviors of ccRCC in terms of cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, its anticancer properties are mediated by the inhibition of lipid accumulation, at least in part, through the PPARα/CPT1A axis by targeting Gly335, as part of the process, NF-κB signaling is also suppressed. Pharmacological activation of PPARα might offer a new treatment option for ccRCC.
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050624. [PMID: 35631448 PMCID: PMC9145966 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, is the major cause of fatalities worldwide for both men and women, with an estimated 2.2 million new incidences and 1.8 million deaths, according to GLOBOCAN 2020. Although various risk factors for lung cancer pathogenesis have been reported, controlling smoking alone has a significant value as a preventive measure. In spite of decades of extensive research, mechanistic cues and targets need to be profoundly explored to develop potential diagnostics, treatments, and reliable therapies for this disease. Nuclear receptors (NRs) function as transcription factors that control diverse biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism. The aberrant expression of NRs has been involved in a variety of disorders, including cancer. Deregulation of distinct NRs in lung cancer has been associated with numerous events, including mutations, epigenetic modifications, and different signaling cascades. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several small molecules as agonists or antagonists directed to target specific NRs for inhibiting tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion and inducing apoptosis in lung cancer, which makes NRs promising candidates for reliable lung cancer therapeutics. The current work focuses on the importance of various NRs in the development and progression of lung cancer and highlights the different small molecules (e.g., agonist or antagonist) that influence NR expression, with the goal of establishing them as viable therapeutics to combat lung cancer.
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Tan Y, Wang M, Yang K, Chi T, Liao Z, Wei P. PPAR-α Modulators as Current and Potential Cancer Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 11:599995. [PMID: 33833983 PMCID: PMC8021859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.599995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. PPAR modulators may hold great potential for the management of cancer patients. Indeed, PPARs are critical sensors and regulators of lipid, and they are able to promote eNOS activation, regulate immunity and inflammation response, and affect proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Cancer, a name given to a group of diseases, is characterized by multiple distinctive biological behaviors, including angiogenesis, abnormal cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, etc. In the last decade, emerging evidence has shown that PPAR-α, a nuclear hormone receptor, can modulate carcinogenesis via exerting effects on one or several characteristic pathological behaviors of cancer. Therefore, the multi-functional PPAR modulators have substantial promise in various types of cancer therapies. This review aims to consolidate the functions of PPAR-α, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPAR-α agonists and antagonists in tackling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Chi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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14
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Font-Díaz J, Jiménez-Panizo A, Caelles C, Vivanco MDM, Pérez P, Aranda A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Castrillo A, Ricote M, Valledor AF. Nuclear receptors: Lipid and hormone sensors with essential roles in the control of cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:58-75. [PMID: 33309851 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that act as biological sensors and use a combination of mechanisms to modulate positively and negatively gene expression in a spatial and temporal manner. The highly orchestrated biological actions of several NRs influence the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of many different cell types. Synthetic ligands for several NRs have been the focus of extensive drug discovery efforts for cancer intervention. This review summarizes the roles in tumour growth and metastasis of several relevant NR family members, namely androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), retinoic acid receptors (RARs), retinoid X receptors (RXRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and liver X receptors (LXRs). These studies are key to develop improved therapeutic agents based on novel modes of action with reduced side effects and overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Font-Díaz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Alba Jiménez-Panizo
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - María dM Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Unidad de Biomedicina, (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Universidad de Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, 35001, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Area of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Annabel F Valledor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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15
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Exploring conformational changes of PPAR-Ɣ complexed with novel kaempferol, quercetin, and resveratrol derivatives to understand binding mode assessment: a small-molecule checkmate to cancer therapy. J Mol Model 2020; 26:242. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPARs and Angiogenesis-Implications in Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165723. [PMID: 32785018 PMCID: PMC7461101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors. The PPAR family consists of three subtypes encoded by three separate genes: PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs are critical regulators of metabolism and exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Specific PPAR ligands have been proposed as potential therapies for a variety of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurogenerative disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endometriosis, and retinopathies. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in angiogenesis, a complex process that plays important roles in numerous pathological conditions for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.
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Liu D, Song Z, Wang X, Ouyang L. Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) Accelerates the Growth of Endometrial Cancer via Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:865. [PMID: 32596150 PMCID: PMC7300206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy with high mortality. Chemotherapy plays a pivotal role both in an adjuvant setting and in exclusive treatment. However, current pharmacotherapies are limited and not ideal for improving the overall survival of EC patients. Thus, identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for initiation and progression of EC is imperative for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) has been found to aggravate tumor growth and metastasis in several different types of tumor models such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and epithelial ovarian cancer. However, whether UCHL5 influences the growth of EC has not been elucidated. To expose the role of UCHL5 on EC, bioinformatics analysis was conducted, and it hinted that UCHL5 was overexpressed in EC tissues and associated with lower overall survival. Consistently, the overexpression of UCHL5 in EC tissues and cell lines was further confirmed by western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared with non-tumor control. Lentivirus vectors carrying UCHL5 shRNA or CD sequences were used to reduce or overexpress the UCHL5 gene, respectively. Cell proliferation and cycle were facilitated, and cell apoptosis was decreased when the UCHL5 gene was overexpressed in EC cell lines. These results were opposite in UCHL5 knockdown EC cells. Additionally, the expression of β-catenin is positively related to UCHL5 levels and the tumorigenic effects of UCHL5 overexpression were reversed by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939. Thus, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation may be a partial mechanism responsible for the promoting effects of UCHL5 on EC growth. In conclusion, UCHL5 accelerated the growth of EC via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and was expected to be an attractive target for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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