1
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Zhang YT, Guo J, Zhao Y, Si C. Synthesis of a collection of nootkatone analogues with diverse skeletons. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38945153 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2358834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A collection of ring distorted analogue of Nootkatone including 6 CTD (Complex to Diversity) compounds and 9 SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) compounds were synthesized utilizing the carbonyl group as a starting reaction point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chao Si
- Shandong Healthcare Group Xinwen Central Hospital, Xintai 271200, China
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2
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Zhu YT, Liu XN, Lu BT, Cheng YX, Wang YZ. Novel Sesquiterpenoids with Renoprotective Activities from the Fruits of Alpinae oxyphylla as Potent TGF-β1/Smads Phosphorylation Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13138-13153. [PMID: 38814319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq is an important food spice in southern China and has been used in the treatment of kidney disorders for centuries. In order to discover the natural products with potent renoprotective activities in A. oxyphylla and provide some references for its usage, systematic phytochemical studies were carried out and 24 new diverse sesquiterpenoids, including seven guaiane sesquiterpenoids (1-7), 10 eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (9-13, 18, 19, and 21-23), six cadinane sesquiterpenoids (31-35 and 38), and an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid (40), along with 24 known analogues were isolated and elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and quantum-chemical calculations. Biological evaluation showed that 6 sesquiterpenoids could significantly inhibit the expression of extracellular matrix components, α-SMA in TGF-β1 induced kidney proximal tubular cells (NRK-52e) at low concentrations, and 9 sesquiterpenoids could also downregulate fibronectin and collagen I in a concentration-dependent manner, showing their potential in renal fibrosis. Further action mechanism study displayed that TGF-β1/Smads pathway might be involved in the antifibrotic effects of active sesquiterpenoids 15 and 43. These studies suggest that A. oxyphylla may have a potential to serve as a functional food in preventing renal fibrosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Tong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Tao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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3
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Fu R, Xue W, Liang J, Li X, Zheng J, Wang L, Zhang M, Meng J. SOAT1 regulates cholesterol metabolism to induce EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:325. [PMID: 38724499 PMCID: PMC11082151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is one of the significant characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cholesterol increases the risk of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Sterol O-acyltransferases 1 (SOAT1) maintains the cholesterol homeostasis. However, the exact mechanistic contribution of SOAT1 to EMT in HCC remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that SOAT1 positively related to poor prognosis of HCC, EMT markers and promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro, which was mediated by the increased cholesterol in plasmalemma and cholesterol esters accumulation. Furthermore, we reported that SOAT1 disrupted cholesterol metabolism homeostasis to accelerate tumorigenesis and development in HCC xenograft and NAFLD-HCC. Also, we detected that nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone, inhibited EMT by targeting SOAT1 in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our finding indicated that SOAT1 promotes EMT and contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis by increasing cholesterol esterification, which is suppressed efficiently by nootkatone. This study demonstrated that SOAT1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in NAFLD-HCC and SOAT1-targeting inhibitors are expected to be the potential new therapeutic treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lechen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
- China-Russia Agricultural Products Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Deng X, Ye Z, Duan J, Chen F, Zhi Y, Huang M, Huang M, Cheng W, Dou Y, Kuang Z, Huang Y, Bian G, Deng Z, Liu T, Lu L. Complete pathway elucidation and heterologous reconstitution of (+)-nootkatone biosynthesis from Alpinia oxyphylla. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:779-792. [PMID: 37933426 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Nootkatone is a natural sesquiterpene ketone widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. It is also regarded as one of the most valuable terpenes used commercially. However, plants contain trace amounts of (+)-nootkatone, and extraction from plants is insufficient to meet market demand. Alpinia oxyphylla is a well-known medicinal plant in China, and (+)-nootkatone is one of the main components within the fruits. By transcriptome mining and functional screening using a precursor-providing yeast chassis, the complete (+)-nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in Alpinia oxyphylla was identified. A (+)-valencene synthase (AoVS) was identified as a novel monocot-derived valencene synthase; three (+)-valencene oxidases AoCYP6 (CYP71BB2), AoCYP9 (CYP71CX8), and AoCYP18 (CYP701A170) were identified by constructing a valencene-providing yeast strain. With further characterisation of a cytochrome P450 reductase (AoCPR1) and three dehydrogenases (AoSDR1/2/3), we successfully reconstructed the (+)-nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, representing a basis for its biotechnological production. Identifying the biosynthetic pathway of (+)-nootkatone in A. oxyphylla unravelled the molecular mechanism underlying its formation in planta and also supported the bioengineering production of (+)-nootkatone. The highly efficient yeast chassis screening method could be used to elucidate the complete biosynthetic pathway of other valuable plant natural products in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ziling Ye
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Man Huang
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Minjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Dou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hesheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Wuhan University of Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
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5
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Dong J, Zhou M, Pan DB, Qin QY, Li T, Yao XS, Li HB, Yu Y. Eremophilane and cadinane sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla and their anti-inflammatory activities. Food Funct 2023; 14:9755-9766. [PMID: 37830383 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01221b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla have been used for centuries in China as both edible resources and traditional Chinese medicine. In order to identify structurally interesting and bioactive constituents from the fruits of A. oxyphylla, bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the crude extracts were performed, which led to the isolation of 38 sesquiterpenoids, including six previously undescribed eremophilane sesquiterpenoids (1-6), six new cadinane sesquiterpenoids (23-24, 26-29), and 26 known analogues (7-22, 25 and 31-38). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemistry calculations (13C-NMR and ECD), and Mo2(OAc)4 reaction. Several of the isolated compounds (8, 13, 17, 18, 30, 31 and 35) showed moderate to strong inhibition of the secretion of cytokines (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR assays indicated that 18 could down-regulate the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS and the protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Meanwhile, 18 was able to partially inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. Thus, the discovery of structurally diverse anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of A. oxyphylla in this study could benefit the further development and utilization of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control (Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices), Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Da-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiandongnan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Kaili 556000, China
| | - Qian-Yu Qin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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6
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Bai W, Wang T, Yang X, Wang Z, Li H, Geng J. Two new sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37865974 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2272282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Two undescribed sesquiterpenoids, including one nor-eudesmane type (1) and one guaiane type (2), together with two known analogues (3-4) have been isolated and identified from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D-, 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, IR, UV) and NMR calculations with DP4+ analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on PGE2 production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Bai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Preventive Medicine Department, Lianyungang Hospital of T CM Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianliang Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Singh I, Das R, Kumar A. Network pharmacology-based anti-colorectal cancer activity of piperlonguminine in the ethanolic root extract of Piper longum L. Med Oncol 2023; 40:320. [PMID: 37796360 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest incidence and fatality rates of any malignancy, at 10.2 and 9.2%, respectively. Plants and plants-based products for thousands of years have been utilized to treat cancer along with other associated health issues. Alkaloids are a valuable class of chemical compounds with great potential as new medicine possibilities. Piper longum Linn contains various types of alkaloids. In this research, the ethanolic root extract of P. longum (EREPL) is the subject of study based on network pharmacology. Two alkaloids were chosen from the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. However, only piperlonguminine received preference because it adhered to Lipinski's rule and depicted no toxicity. Web tools which are available online, like, Swiss ADME, pkCSMand ProTox-II were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and physiochemical properties of piperlonguminine. The database that SwissTargetPrediction and TCMSP maintain contains the targets for piperlonguminine. Using DisGeNET, GeneCards and Open Targets Platform databases, we were able to identify targets of CRC. The top four hub genes identified by Cytoscape are SRC, MTOR, EZH2, and MAPK3. The participation of hub genes in colorectal cancer-related pathways was examined using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The colorectal cancer pathway, the ErbB signaling pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway emerged to be important. Our findings show that the hub genes are involved in the aforementioned pathways for tumor growth, which calls for their downregulation. Additionally, piperlonguminine has the potential to become a successful medicine in the future for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209217, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 209217, India.
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8
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Li X, Ren JN, Fan G, Zhang LL, Pan SY. Isolation, purification, and mass spectrometry identification of the enzyme involved in citrus flavor (+)-valencene biotransformation to (+)-nootkatone by Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4792-4802. [PMID: 36897036 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (+)-Nootkatone is a highly valuable sesquiterpene compound that can be used as an aromatic in the food industry because of its grapefruit flavor and low sensory threshold. The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has many unique physical and chemical properties, metabolic characteristics, and genetic structure, which has aroused the interest of researchers. Previous research showed that Y. lipolytica possesses the ability to transform the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone. The aim of this study was to isolate, purify, and identify the enzyme involved in the (+)-valencene bioconversion to (+)-nootkatone by Y. lipolytica. RESULTS In this study, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration chromatography were used to separate and purify the enzyme involved in the (+)-valencene bioconversion by Y. lipolytica. The protein was identified as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) (gene0658) using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The ALDH had the highest activity when the pH value was 6.0 and the temperature was 30 °C. The activity of ALDH was significantly stimulated by ferrous ions and inhibited by barium, calcium, and magnesium ions. CONCLUSION This is the first time that ALDH was found to participate in (+)-valencene biotransformation by Y. lipolytica. It may be involved in regulating the microbial transformation of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone through redox characteristics. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the biological synthesis of citrus flavor (+)-nootkatone. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Dong J, Zhou M, Qin Q, Li T, Yao X, Geng J, Yu Y. Structurally diverse new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106431. [PMID: 36857933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla led to the isolation and identification of 40 structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids, including 17 new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (1-17) and 23 known analogues (18-40). Among the isolates, 14 and 17 were unusual rearranged eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, featuring rare 5/6-fused and 6/8-fused bicyclic carbon skeleton, respectively; 15 and 16 were the novel 6,7-seco-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids isolated from plant-origin for the first time, 1 and 3-6 were rare nor-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (NMR, HRESIMS, IR, UV), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemistry calculations (ECD and 13C NMR). Moreover, all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. As a result, compounds 11, 20, 24 and 40 showed moderate to strong inhibition on NO productions, with IC50 values ranging from 21.63 to 60.70 μM. Meanwhile, these compounds also partially decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, 20 could down-regulate protein expressions (COX-2 and iNOS) and observably inhibit the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS. In this study, the discovery of structurally diverse anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of A. oxyphylla could benefit the further development and utilization of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianyu Qin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jianliang Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Zhang LL, Chen Y, Li ZJ, Fan G, Li X. Production, Function, and Applications of the Sesquiterpenes Valencene and Nootkatone: a Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:121-142. [PMID: 36541855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Valencene and nootkatone, two sesquiterpenes, extracted from natural sources, have great market potential with diverse applications. This paper aims to comprehensively review the recent advances in valencene and nootkatone, including source, production, physicochemical and biological properties, safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation, potential uses, and their industrial applications as well as future research directions. Microbial biosynthesis offers a promising alternative approach for sustainable production of valencene and nootkatone. Both compounds exert various beneficial activities, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective and other activities. However, most of the studies are performed in animals and in vitro, making it difficult to give a conclusive description about their health benefits and extend their application. Hence, more attention should be paid to in vivo and long-term clinical studies in the future. Moreover, valencene and nootkatone are considered safe for consumption and show great promise in the applications of food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jian Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Xiao M, Chen B, Niu K, Long Z, Yang F, Xie Y. Alpiniae oxyphylla fructus extract promotes longevity and stress resistance of C. elegans via DAF-16 and SKN-1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1034515. [PMID: 36506568 PMCID: PMC9730235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1034515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpiniae Oxyphylla Fructus (AOF) is Traditional Chinese medicine and a dietary supplements for centuries, which posseses cardiotonic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, warming the kidney and nourish the spleen, these biological fuction is related to potential anti-aging properties. However, little is known about their effects on aging. This work aimed to investigate the effects of extracts of AOF on longevity and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and the mechanisms that underlie its effects. Methods: Wild-type (WT) strand of C.elegans (N2)worms were cultured in growth medium with or without AOF. First, we examined the effects of AOF on lifespan, reproduction and healthspan assay, stress resistance and oxidative analysis, lipofuscin levels. Second, The levels of ROS and MDA, the antioxidant enzyme activities were examined to explore the underlying mechanism of AOF. Finally, the expression of the longevity-related genes were investigated to further understand the AOF's underlying mechanism. Results: The lifespan of C. elegans was prolonged by 23.44% after treatment with high-dose AOF (100 ug/ml). AOF alleviated aging-related declines in C. elegans health and enhanced resistance to heat shock. Furthermore, AOF decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced accumulation of fat. AOF upregulated the expression of sod-3, gst-4, daf-16, and skn-1 but downregulated the expression of daf-2 and age-1 and accelerated the translocation of DAF-16 into the nucleus. The extended lifespan induced by AOF was reversed in daf-16(mu86) and skn-1(zu135) mutants, indicating that this gene is involved in AOF-regulated longevity. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that AOF extends lifespan and healthspan and enhances stress via boosting the activity of the antioxidant enzyme and controlling the expression of genes associated with insulin/IGF signaling and SKN-1 pathways. As a result, this work suggested AOF as a possible candidate to reduce the signs of aging by activating and inhibiting target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bocen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kun Niu
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ziyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Fan Yang, ; Yiqiang Xie,
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Fan Yang, ; Yiqiang Xie,
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Park CL, Kim JH, Jeon JS, Lee JH, Zhang K, Guo S, Lee DH, Gao EM, Son RH, Kim YM, Park GH, Kim CY. Protective Effect of Alpinia oxyphylla Fruit against tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Toxicity in HepG2 Cells via Nrf2 Activation and Free Radical Scavenging and Its Active Molecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1032. [PMID: 35624896 PMCID: PMC9137508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (Zingiberaceae) extract exerts protective activity against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells, and the antioxidant response element (ARE) luciferase activity increased 6-fold at 30 μg/mL in HepG2 cells transiently transfected with ARE-luciferase. To identify active molecules, activity-guided isolation of the crude extract led to four sesquiterpenes (1, 2, 5, 6) and two diarylheptanoids (3 and 4) from an n-hexane extract and six sesquiterpenes (7-12) from an ethyl acetate extract. Chemical structures were elucidated by one-dimensional, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D-, 2D-NMR), and mass (MS) spectral data. Among the isolated compounds, eudesma-3,11-dien-2-one (2) promoted the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and increased the promoter property of the ARE. Diarylheptanoids, yakuchinone A (3), and 5'-hydroxyl-yakuchinone A (4) showed radical scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Furthermore, optimization of extraction solvents (ratios of water and ethanol) was performed by comparison of contents of active compounds, ARE-inducing activity, radical scavenging activity, and HepG2 cell protective activity. As a result, 75% ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of A. oxyphylla fruit. This study demonstrated that A. oxyphylla exerted antioxidant effects via the Nrf2/HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) pathway and radical scavenging along with active markers eudesma-3,11-dien-2-one (2) and yakuchinone A (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Lee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Ju-hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Shuo Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Do-hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Eun Mei Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Rak Ho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.L.P.); (J.H.K.); (J.-S.J.); (J.-h.L.); (K.Z.); (S.G.); (D.-h.L.); (E.M.G.); (R.H.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
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Nguyen YTK, To NB, Truong VNP, Kim HY, Ediriweera MK, Lim Y, Cho SK. Impairment of Glucose Metabolism and Suppression of Stemness in MCF-7/SC Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Nootkatone. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050906. [PMID: 35631492 PMCID: PMC9145028 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer stem cell metabolism has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) exert distinct metabolism machinery, which plays a major role in radiation and multidrug resistance. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms involved in energy utilization of BCSCs could improve the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies aimed at their elimination. This study was conducted to clarify the glucose metabolism machinery and the function of nootkatone, a bioactive component of grapefruit, in regulating glucose metabolism and stemness characteristics in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 stem cells (MCF-7SCs). In vivo experiments, transcriptomic analysis, seahorse XF analysis, MTT assay, Western blotting, mammosphere formation, wound healing, invasion assay, flow cytometric analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in silico docking experiments were performed. MCF-7SCs showed a greater tumorigenic capacity and distinct gene profile with enrichment of the genes involved in stemness and glycolysis signaling pathways compared to parental MCF-7 cells, indicating that MCF-7SCs use glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their energy supply. Nootkatone impaired glucose metabolism through AMPK activation and reduced the stemness characteristics of MCF-7SCs. In silico docking analysis demonstrated that nootkatone efficiently bound to the active site of AMPK. Therefore, this study indicates that regulation of glucose metabolism through AMPK activation could be an attractive target for BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Thi-Kim Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.T.-K.N.); (N.B.T.); (V.N.-P.T.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Ngoc Bao To
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.T.-K.N.); (N.B.T.); (V.N.-P.T.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Vi Nguyen-Phuong Truong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.T.-K.N.); (N.B.T.); (V.N.-P.T.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.T.-K.N.); (N.B.T.); (V.N.-P.T.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Subtropical—Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (Y.T.-K.N.); (N.B.T.); (V.N.-P.T.); (H.Y.K.)
- Subtropical—Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-8660-1842
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Li X, Ren JN, Fan G, He J, Zhang LL, Pan SY. Genomic and Transcriptomic analysis screening key genes for (+)-valencene biotransformation to (+)-nootkatone in Yarrowia lipolytica. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Ye Z, Huang Y, Shi B, Xiang Z, Tian Z, Huang M, Wu L, Deng Z, Shen K, Liu T. Coupling cell growth and biochemical pathway induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of (+)-valencene and its chemical conversion to (+)-nootkatone. Metab Eng 2022; 72:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, Doye P, Syed AM, Ram C, Kulhari U, Kumar N, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Nootkatone: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2244-2259. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Plant-based drugs have a significant impact on modern therapeutics due to their vast array of pharmacological activities. The integration of herbal plants in the current healthcare system has emerged as a new field of research. It can be used for the identification of novel lead compound candidates for future drug development. Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene derivative and an isolate of grapefruit. Shreds of evidence illustrate that nootkatone targets few molecular mechanisms to exhibit its pharmacological activity and yet needs more exploration to be established. The current review is related to nootkatone, drafted through a literature search using research articles and books from different sources, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, and Scopus. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective. Although preclinical studies in experimental animal models suggest that nootkatone has therapeutic potential, it is further warranted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters before being applied to humans. Hence in the present review, we have summarized the scientific knowledge on nootkatone with a particular emphasis on its pharmacological properties to encourage researchers for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Pakpi Doye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
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Moon H, Lertpatipanpong P, Hong Y, Kim CT, Baek SJ. Nano-encapsulated quercetin by soluble soybean polysaccharide/chitosan enhances anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidant activities. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Nardosinone Alleviates Parkinson's Disease Symptoms in Mice by Regulating Dopamine D2 Receptor. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6686965. [PMID: 34426745 PMCID: PMC8380167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6686965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma (nardostachys) is the root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Recent studies have shown that nardostachys may exert an anti-PD effect. In this study, the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method was used to analyze the brain components of nardostachys in rats. Based on the results of UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS analysis, nardosinone was identified to be the most effective anti-PD compound in nardostachys. To further verify this inference, a mouse PD model was established and the effect of nardosinone on PD mice was determined using classic behavioral tests. The results showed that nardosinone was indeed effective for relieving PD symptoms in mice. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-PD effect of nardosinone. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) was identified as the key target of nardosinone-PD interaction network, which was further verified by molecular docking and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that nardosinone and DRD2 could interact with each other. Furthermore, the expression level of DRD2 was decreased in the brain tissue of PD mice, and nardosinone could restore its expression to a certain extent. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nardosinone may reduce the motor and cognitive symptoms in the animal PD model by regulating DRD2 expression.
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Qin ZM, Li YH, Tan YF, Li HL. Determination of nootkatone in rat plasma by LC-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5197. [PMID: 34162012 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific LC-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of nootkatone in rat plasma. α-Cyperone was chosen as the internal standard (IS). The plasma was processed using a one-step acetonitrile protein precipitation method. Chromatographic separation of nootkatone was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column (2.10 × 50 mm, 2.6 μm) at 35°C with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water under a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring modes. Nootkatone and IS were quantified using the transitions of m/z 219.200 → 163.110 and m/z 219.200 → 111.000, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 10-2000 ng/mL (r = 0.9943). The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation) ranged from 2.56% to 8.41%, with the accuracy values ranging from 98.9% to 99.17% for four different concentration levels. The matrix effect and extraction recovery were within acceptable limits. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of nootkatone in rats after oral and intravenous administration at three dosages. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, showing low bioavailability of nootkatone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Miao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Yong-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Yin-Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Haikou, China
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Quercetin Induces Anticancer Activity by Upregulating Pro-NAG-1/GDF15 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123022. [PMID: 34208730 PMCID: PMC8233818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its incidence has increased over the last few decades. It is difficult to diagnose different types of thyroid cancer. Tumor tissues from papillary thyroid cancer patient showed higher expression of mature NAG-1, whereas adjacent normal tissues showed higher expression of pro-NAG-1. Several anti-cancer compounds increased pro-NAG-1 expression in thyroid cancer cell line. Quercetin (3,3’,4’,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid that is a major component of various plants, including raspberries, grapes, and onions. Quercetin induced apoptosis by inducing only pro-NAG-1 expression, but not mature NAG-1, mediated by the transcription factor C/EBP. This study indicates that pro-NAG-1 could be used as a useful biomarker for thyroid cancer and also provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of thyroid cancer with quercetin. Abstract Although the treatment of thyroid cancer has improved, unnecessary surgeries are performed due to a lack of specific diagnostic and prognostic markers. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. In this study, antibody arrays were performed using tumor and adjacent normal tissues of patients with papillary thyroid cancer, and several potential biomarkers were identified. Among the candidate proteins chosen based on the antibody array data, mature NAG-1 exhibited increased expression in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. In contrast, pro-NAG-1 expression increased in normal tissues, as assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, pro-NAG-1 expression was increased when the thyroid cancer cells were treated with phytochemicals and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, quercetin highly induced the expression of pro-NAG-1 but not that of mature NAG-1, with enhanced anticancer activity, including apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Examination of the NAG-1 promoter activity showed that p53, C/EBPα, or C/EBPδ played a role in quercetin-induced NAG-1 expression. Overall, our study indicated that NAG-1 may serve as a novel biomarker for thyroid cancer prognosis and may be used as a therapeutic target for thyroid cancers.
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Yuan L, Pan K, Li Y, Yi B, Gao B. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. reveals tissue-specific expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:19. [PMID: 34090339 PMCID: PMC8180045 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. is an important edible and medicinal herb, and its dried fruits are widely used in traditional herbal medicine. Flavonoids are one of the main chemical compounds in A. oxyphylla; however, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis are not well understood. We performed transcriptome analysis in the fruit, root, and leaf tissues of A. oxyphylla to delineate tissue-specific gene expression and metabolic pathways in this medicinal plant. RESULTS In all, 8.85, 10.10, 8.68, 6.89, and 8.51 Gb clean data were obtained for early-, middle-, and late-stage fruits, leaves, and roots, respectively. Furthermore, 50,401 unigenes were grouped into functional categories based on four databases, namely Nr (47,745 unigenes), Uniprot (49,685 unigenes), KOG (20,153 unigenes), and KEGG (27,285 unigenes). A total of 3110 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and five distinct clusters with similar expression patterns were obtained, in which 27 unigenes encoded 13 key enzymes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. In particular, 9 DEGs were significantly up-regulated in fruits, whereas expression of 11 DEGs were highly up-regulated in roots, compared with those in leaves. CONCLUSION The DEGs and metabolic pathway related to flavonoids biosynthesis were identified in root, leaf, and different stages of fruits from A. oxyphylla. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. oxyphylla and application of genetically engineered varieties of A. oxyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Kun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, 928th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Haikou, 571159, China.
| | - Bingmiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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